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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 19 February 2023

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1

McFarlane, Gordon A., and Richard J. Beamish. "Effect of an External Tag on Growth of Sabiefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), and Consequences to Mortality and Age at Maturity." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 1551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-175.

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Tagged juveniles from a strong year-class of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were sampled for 9 yr Tagged females were approximately 6 cm larger than untagged females at 50% maturity. Males showed little difference because of their slower growth rate. Untagged males and females matured one and 2 yr earlier than tagged males and females. From this same year-class length-at-age of untagged males and females was significantly larger than for tagged and recaptured fish. Untagged males and females were 6.5 and 8 cm larger than tagged fish by age seven. Smaller tagged fish were recaptured at lower rates than larger tagged fish, indicating that slower growth reduced recapture percentage, which we believe indicates a higher mortality rate. Because smaller size was associated with increased mortality and tagged fish grew slower than untagged fish, we concluded that tagged fish had higher rates of mortality than untagged fish. The increased age and size at 50% maturity and the increased juvenile mortality indicated the potential response of a population of sablefish and possibly other species to a reduction in individual fish growth. If our results apply to other species and other types of tags, investigators should be cautious in extrapolating from tagged to untagged populations.

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2

Trites, Andrew W. "Does Tagging and Handling Affect the Growth of Northern Fur Seal Pups (Callorhinus ursinus)?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 2436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-285.

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From 1957 to 1966, samples of tagged and marked northern fur seal pups (Callorhinus ursinus) consistently weighed less than untagged and unmarked pups on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. At the time, it was concluded that tagging and handling had caused a loss of weight and had slowed the normal rate of pup growth. In re-evaluating the data from this time period, it seems that tagged pups grew at the same rate as untagged pups, but were smaller at the time of tagging than average size pups. The growth curve for tagged pups appears to lag behind that of untagged pups, suggesting that tagged pups were born later in the breeding season and were more susceptible to being captured and tagged than older and heavier pups.

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3

Jones, George H., Martyn F. Symmons, Janet S. Hankins, and George A. Mackie. "Overexpression and purification of untagged polynucleotide phosphorylases." Protein Expression and Purification 32, no. 2 (December 2003): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2003.08.005.

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4

Шигаров, Алексей Олегович, and Вячеслав Владимирович Парамонов. "Page text segmentation in untagged PDF documents." Вычислительные технологии, no. 5 (November 28, 2022): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/ict.2022.27.5.007.

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Большой объем нередактируемых документов публикуется и распространяется в формате PDF. Часто они являются “неразмеченными”, т. е. не сопровождаются аннотацией о собственной структуре, в них нет метаданных о месторасположении заголовков, параграфов, абзацев, таблиц, списков, рисунков, колонтитулов и пр. Анализ компоновки документов состоит в распознавании перечисленных элементов структуры. Базовой частью этого процесса является сегментация текста внутри страниц на блоки, которые затем можно классифицировать как заголовки, абзацы, ячейки таблиц и пр. Известные алгоритмы сегментации страниц в основном предназначены для работы либо с растровыми изображениями документов, либо с печатно-ориентированным ASCII-текстом. По сравнению с этими форматами данных PDF предоставляет дополнительную информацию (порядок рендеринга, шрифтовые метрики, линейки и пр.), которая может улучшить качество анализа компоновки документов. В работе излагается опыт адаптации некоторых существующих алгоритмов сегментации текста внутри страниц изображений документов и ASCII-текста, для того чтобы сделать их применимыми напрямую к формату PDF - неразмеченным случаям. Currently, a large amount of non-editable documents are published and distributed in PDF (Portable Document Format). Often, they are “untagged”, i. e. there are no annotation about their structure, including headings, paragraphs, tables, lists, figures, footers, etc. The document layout analysis consists in recognizing the listed elements of the structure. A basic part of this process is the segmentation of page text into blocks that can be classified as headings, paragraphs, table cells, etc. The well-known page segmentation algorithms are mainly designed to deal with either bitmap images of document pages or print-oriented ASCII text. Compared to these data formats, PDF provides additional information (rendering order, font metrics, ruling lines, etc.) that can improve document layout analysis. The paper describes our experience on the adaptation of some existing algorithms for segmenting page text in document images and ASCII text to make them applicable directly for PDF format - untagged cases.

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5

Borrego, Jesús, Muhammad Umair Naseem, Al Nasar Ahmed Sehgal, Lipsa Rani Panda, Kashmala Shakeel, Attila Gaspar, Cynthia Nagy, Zoltan Varga, and Gyorgy Panyi. "Recombinant Expression in Pichia pastoris System of Three Potent Kv1.3 Channel Blockers: Vm24, Anuroctoxin, and Ts6." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8111215.

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The Kv1.3 channel has become a therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases. Several Kv1.3 channel blockers have been characterized from scorpion venom; however, extensive studies require amounts of toxin that cannot be readily obtained directly from venoms. The Pichia pastoris expression system provides a cost-effective approach to overcoming the limitations of chemical synthesis and E. coli recombinant expression. In this work, we developed an efficient system for the production of three potent Kv1.3 channel blockers from different scorpion venoms: Vm24, AnTx, and Ts6. Using the Pichia system, these toxins could be obtained in sufficient quantities (Vm24 1.6 mg/L, AnTx 46 mg/L, and Ts6 7.5 mg/L) to characterize their biological activity. A comparison was made between the activity of tagged and untagged recombinant peptides. Tagged Vm24 and untagged AnTx are nearly equivalent to native toxins in blocking Kv1.3 (Kd = 4.4 pM and Kd = 0.72 nM, respectively), whereas untagged Ts6 exhibits a 53-fold increase in Kd (Kd = 29.1 nM) as compared to the native peptide. The approach described here provides a method that can be optimized for toxin production to develop more selective and effective Kv1.3 blockers with therapeutic potential.

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6

Wickstrum, Jason R., and Susan M. Egan. "Ni+-Affinity Purification of Untagged cAMP Receptor Protein." BioTechniques 33, no. 4 (October 2002): 728–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/02334bm01.

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7

Gardner, S. "Direct CP-violation in untagged B-meson decays." Physics Letters B 553, no. 3-4 (February 2003): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(02)03263-x.

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8

LI, JIANGUO, and CHRIS BREW. "Class-based approach to disambiguating Levin verbs." Natural Language Engineering 16, no. 4 (October 2010): 391–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324910000136.

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AbstractLapata and Brew (Computational Linguistics, vol. 30, 2004, pp. 295–313) (hereafter LB04) obtain from untagged texts a statistical prior model that is able to generate class preferences for ambiguous Lewin (English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary Investigation, 1993, University of Chicago Press) verbs (hereafter Levin). They also show that their informative priors, incorporated into a Naive Bayes classifier deduced from hand-tagged data (HTD), can aid in verb class disambiguation. We re-analyse LB04's prior model and show that a single factor (the joint probability of class and frame) determines the predominant class for a particular verb in a particular frame. This means that the prior model cannot be sensitive to fine-grained lexical distinctions between different individual verbs falling in the same class.We replicate LB04's supervised disambiguation experiments on large-scale data, using deep parsers rather than the shallow parser of LB04. In addition, we introduce a method for training our classifier without using HTD. This relies on knowledge of Levin class memberships to move information from unambiguous to ambiguous instances of each class. We regard this system as unsupervised because it does not rely on human annotation of individual verb instances. Although our unsupervised verb class disambiguator does not match the performance of the ones that make use of HTD, it consistently outperforms the random baseline model. Our experiments also demonstrate that the informative priors derived from untagged texts help improve the performance of the classifier trained on untagged data.

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9

WÄSLE, Barbara, Lori B. HAYS, Christopher J. RHODES, and J. Michael EDWARDSON. "Syncollin inhibits regulated corticotropin secretion from AtT-20 cells through a reduction in the secretory vesicle population." Biochemical Journal 380, no. 3 (June 15, 2004): 897–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031726.

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Syncollin is a 13 kDa protein that is highly expressed in the exocrine pancreas. Syncollin normally exists as a doughnut-shaped homo-oligomer (quite probably a hexamer) in close association with the luminal surface of the zymogen granule membrane. In the present study, we examine the effect of expression of syncollin in AtT-20 neuroendocrine cells, which do not normally express this protein. Efficient expression was achieved by infection of the cells with adenoviral constructs encoding either untagged or GFP (green fluorescent protein)-tagged syncollin. Both forms of the protein were sorted into corticotropin (ACTH)-positive secretory vesicles present mainly at the tips of cell processes. Neither form affected basal corticotropin secretion or the constitutive secretion of exogenously expressed secreted alkaline phosphatase. In contrast, regulated secretion of corticotropin was inhibited (by 49%) by untagged but not by GFP-tagged syncollin. In parallel, untagged syncollin caused a 46% reduction in the number of secretory vesicles present at the tips of the cell processes. Syncollin–GFP was without effect. We could also show that native syncollin purified from rat pancreas was capable of permeabilizing erythrocytes. We suggest that syncollin may induce uncontrolled permeabilization of corticotropin-containing vesicles and subsequently destabilize them. Both forms of syncollin were tightly membrane-associated and appeared to exist as homooligomers. Hence, the lack of effect of syncollin–GFP on regulated exocytosis suggests that the GFP tag interferes in a subtler manner with the properties of the assembled protein.

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10

Hurth, Tobias, Enrico Lunghi, and Werner Porod. "Untagged CP asymmetry as a probe for new physics." Nuclear Physics B 704, no. 1-2 (January 2005): 56–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2004.10.024.

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11

Karlen, Dean. "Radiative Bhabha scattering for singly tagged and untagged configurations." Nuclear Physics B 289 (January 1987): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(87)90369-5.

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12

Landry, Brian P., Jana Stöckel, and Himadri B. Pakrasi. "Use of Degradation Tags To Control Protein Levels in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 8 (February 8, 2013): 2833–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.03741-12.

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ABSTRACTWe generated a collection ofssrA-based C-terminal protein degradation tags with different degradation strengths. The steady-state fluorescence levels of different enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) tag variants in aSynechocystissp. indicated a tunable range from 1% to 50% of untagged eYFP.

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13

Johns, Andrew D. "Responses of Amazonian rain forest birds to habitat modification." Journal of Tropical Ecology 7, no. 4 (November 1991): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400005812.

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ABSTRACTBird species were surveyed in a variety of habitat types in a lightly populated area of western Brazilian Amazonia. Habitats surveyed were untagged forest, selectively logged forest, ‘capoeira’ (scrub regenerating on cleared land), cropfields, and an isolated 35 ha forest ‘island’. All habitats were within a few kilometres of each other. Many bird species were found to occur in all or most habitats, although the similarlity of the species assemblages dropped with increasing levels of disturbance of the natural vegetation. Certain understorey insectivores common in untagged forest were rarely observed in other habitats; disturbed areas contained higher numbers of flycalching insectivores or birds feeding on both insects and fruit, some of which were open-country rather than forest species. The avifauna of the forest ‘island’ was more similar to that of regenerating scrub than to that of tall forest, and the persistence of forest species was attributed to their ability to move to and from nearby continuous forest areas.

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14

Richter, Wolfgang, Kiryong Ha, Alok Shankar, Ardalan Amiri Sani, Jan Harkes, Lin Zhong, and Mahadev Satyanarayanan. "A contact sheet approach to searching untagged images on smartphones." ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review 16, no. 4 (February 4, 2013): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2436196.2436203.

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15

Lu, Meiqing, Winnie Ngo, Ye Mei, Vandna Munshi, Christine Burlein, Marie H. Loughran, Peter D. Williams, et al. "Purification of untagged HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by affinity chromatography." Protein Expression and Purification 71, no. 2 (June 2010): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2010.01.001.

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16

ZHAO, KUNPENG, YAN’GE WANG, XUEYIN WANG, YUGANG WANG, and YUANFANG MA. "Tagged and untagged TRAIL show different activity against tumor cells." Oncology Letters 4, no. 6 (2012): 1301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2012.908.

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17

Behrend, H. J., L. Criegee, J. B. Dainton, J. H. Field, G. Franke, H. Jung, J. Meyer, et al. "K s 0 K? production in tagged and untagged ?? interactions." Zeitschrift f�r Physik C Particles and Fields 42, no. 3 (September 1989): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01548442.

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18

Usman, Saima, Hebah Aldehlawi, Thuan Nguyen, Muy-Teck Teh, and Ahmad Waseem. "Impact of N-Terminal Tags on De Novo Vimentin Intermediate Filament Assembly." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 11 (June 6, 2022): 6349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116349.

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Vimentin, a type III intermediate filament protein, is found in most cells along with microfilaments and microtubules. It has been shown that the head domain folds back to associate with the rod domain and this association is essential for filament assembly. The N-terminally tagged vimentin has been widely used to label the cytoskeleton in live cell imaging. Although there is previous evidence that EGFP tagged vimentin fails to form filaments but is able to integrate into a pre-existing network, no study has systematically investigated or established a molecular basis for this observation. To determine whether a tag would affect de novo filament assembly, we used vimentin fused at the N-terminus with two different sized tags, AcGFP (239 residues, 27 kDa) and 3 × FLAG (22 residues; 2.4 kDa) to assemble into filaments in two vimentin-deficient epithelial cells, MCF-7 and A431. We showed that regardless of tag size, N-terminally tagged vimentin aggregated into globules with a significant proportion co-aligning with β-catenin at cell–cell junctions. However, the tagged vimentin aggregates could form filaments upon adding untagged vimentin at a ratio of 1:1 or when introduced into cells containing pre-existing filaments. The resultant filament network containing a mixture of tagged and untagged vimentin was less stable compared to that formed by only untagged vimentin. The data suggest that placing a tag at the N-terminus may create steric hinderance in case of a large tag (AcGFP) or electrostatic repulsion in case of highly charged tag (3 × FLAG) perhaps inducing a conformational change, which deleteriously affects the association between head and rod domains. Taken together our results shows that a free N-terminus is essential for filament assembly as N-terminally tagged vimentin is not only incapable of forming filaments, but it also destabilises when integrated into a pre-existing network.

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19

Robstad, Christian Andre, Hanna Kavli Lodberg-Holm, Martin Mayer, and Frank Rosell. "The impact of bio-logging on body weight change of the Eurasian beaver." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 23, 2021): e0261453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261453.

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Bio-logging is a common method to collect ecological data on wild animals, but might also induce stress, reduce body condition, and alter behavior. Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) are a semi-aquatic and nocturnal species that are challenging to observe in the wild. Bio-loggers are hence useful tools to study their behaviour and movements, but this raises concerns of potential negative impacts of tagging. To investigate the potential negative impacts of glue-on tags, we compared body weight change for tagged and untagged Eurasian beavers. We hypothesized that tagged beavers would gain less body weight compared to untagged beavers, and that weight change might be affected by tagging length, tag weight, water temperature and the season of tagging. Daily percentage body weight change in relation to initial body weight during the first capture was compared during 57 tagging periods (18±7 days) and 32 controls periods (64±47 days). Body weight change varied between the two groups, with untagged beavers on average gaining daily weight whilst tagged beavers on average lost weight daily, indicating a negative effect of tagging. The average reduction in percentage body weight change per day for tagged beavers was small (0.1 ± 0.3%), and with large individual variation. Neither tag weight, number of tagging days, nor season were important in explaining body weight change of tagged animals. In other words, we found that tagging reduced daily body weight during the tagging period but were unable to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for this decline. Detrimental effects of tagging have important implications for animal welfare and can introduce bias in data that are collected. This calls for careful consideration in the use of tags. We conclude that studies investigating the effects of tagging should consider individual variation in the effects of tagging and, where possible, compare tagged animals with a control group.

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20

Hampton, J. "Effect of tagging on the condition of southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (Castlenau)." Marine and Freshwater Research 37, no. 6 (1986): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9860699.

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The results of an experiment designed to assess the effects of tagging on the condition of the southern bluefin tuna, T. maccoyii, are presented. From January to March 1983, 4590 fish were tagged off Esperance, Western Australia. Of the tagged tuna recaptured before the tagging team departed, 316 were measured for fork length and weighed to determine their relative condition factors. From a number of commercial catches that included tagged tuna, random samples of untagged tuna were taken and their relative condition factors similarly determined. The tagged tuna had significantly lower relative condition factors than the untagged tuna. This effect was greatest in those at liberty 5-20 days. It was also more pronounced in tagged tuna less than 60 cm fork length. A size-related difference in activity level during capture and tagging was suggested as a possible explanation. A change in the behaviour of the tuna immediately after tagging causing them to be less susceptible to the commercial fishery was evidenced by a relatively low number of recaptures during the first 5 days after tagging.

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21

Nehra, Anuj, Anil Kumar, Sweeti Ahlawat, Vinay Kumar, and Krishna Pal Singh. "Substrate-Free Untagged Detection of miR393a Using an Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Biosensor." ACS Omega 7, no. 6 (February 2, 2022): 5176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c06098.

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22

Bigot, Peter A., and Saumya K. Debray. "A simple approach to supporting untagged objects in dynamically typed languages." Journal of Logic Programming 32, no. 1 (July 1997): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0743-1066(96)00108-2.

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23

Landry, S., and WJ Keeler. "Quantifying Cellular Activity in Untagged Cells via Time-Lapse OIR Microscopy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, S2 (July 2009): 950–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927609094537.

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24

Gronau, Michael, Yuval Grossman, Ze'ev Surujon, and Jure Zupan. "Enhanced effects on extracting γ from untagged B0 and Bs decays." Physics Letters B 649, no. 1 (May 2007): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2007.03.057.

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25

Asante-Appiah, Ernest, George Merkel, and Anna Marie Skalka. "Purification of Untagged Retroviral Integrases by Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography." Protein Expression and Purification 12, no. 1 (February 1998): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/prep.1997.0818.

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26

Adriani, O., M. Aguilar-Benitez, S. Ahlen, J. Alcaraz, A. Aloisio, G. Alverson, M. G. Alviggi, et al. "Measurement of ηc production in untagged two-photon collisions at LEP." Physics Letters B 318, no. 3 (December 1993): 575–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(93)91558-5.

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27

Luo, Lizhong, and Marta I. Sabara. "Production of a Recombinant Major Inner Capsid Protein for Serological Detection of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 12, no. 8 (August 2005): 904–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.12.8.904-909.2005.

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ABSTRACT Constructs of the major core protein, designated VP7, from epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) type 1 were made by amino- or carboxyl-terminal fusion of a six-histidine residue tag to the VP7-1 gene. The resulting fusion proteins were produced in a baculovirus expression system and purified by a rapid, one-step procedure using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid technology. A high level of VP7-1 protein expression was detected with the N-terminal six-histidine tag fusion construct and was comparable to the level of expression observed with an untagged VP7-1 Bam construct. In contrast, the inclusion of a six-histidine tag at the C terminus adversely affected protein expression. The antigenicity of the N-terminal six-histidine tag EHDV VP7-1 product was identical to that observed with the native virus antigen and untagged EHDV VP7-1 recombinant protein, as determined by reactivity with EHDV specific antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot. The high production and purity levels that can be attained for the N-terminal six-histidine tag VP7-1 protein and its reactivity with EHDV-specific sera in a competitive ELISA make it a suitable assay reagent.

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Mair, Christian, Marianne Hundt, Geoffrey N. Leech, and Nicholas Smith. "Short term diachronic shifts in part-of-speech frequencies." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2002): 245–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.7.2.05mai.

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The paper presents a comparison of tag frequencies in two matching one-million word reference corpora of British standard English, the 1961 LOB-corpus and its 1991 “clone” produced at Freiburg. Both corpora were tagged using a version of the CLAWS part-of-speech-tagger developed at Lancaster, and part of the material was post-edited manually in Freiburg to assess the accuracy of the automatic procedure. The comparison of tag frequencies is an essential complement to work on recent linguistic change carried out on the untagged material, because this work has been based on the – so far unverified – assumption that tag frequencies have remained constant over the thirty-year period in question. In addition, the paper discusses some common and partly contradictory claims about the prevalence of a “nominal” style in present-day written English. It is shown that while part-of-speech frequencies have not remained constant over the period investigated, the shifts are usually not big enough to invalidate the results obtained in analyses of the untagged material. With regard to style, the material shows a significant rise in the frequency of nouns, which, however, is not paralleled by a corresponding decrease in verbs.

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29

Taggart, Patrick L., Stephen Morris, and Charles G. B. Caraguel. "The impact of PIT tags on the growth and survival of pythons is insignificant in randomised controlled trial." PeerJ 9 (June 30, 2021): e11531. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11531.

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Individual identification is fundamental to the study of captive and wild animals but can have adverse impacts if the method of identification is inappropriate for the species or question of interest. We conducted a randomised controlled trial to test whether passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags reduced the growth or survival of pythons. We randomly allocated 200 captive-bred Burmese python (Python bivittatus) hatchlings into two groups, tagged versus untagged. Hatchlings were individually identified using a combination of PIT tags and unique colour patterns, and their mass, snout-vent length (SVL) and body condition measured at 9, 73, 134, 220, 292 and 385 days of age. We recorded the date of all mortalities. Python morphometrics and their rate of change increased or fluctuated non-linearly with age. The impact of PIT tagging on python body mass and body mass growth over the 376 day study period was insignificant. PIT tagging additionally had an insignificant impact on python survival. However, we found minor differences in SVL growth between tagged and untagged pythons. These differences peaked at approximately 0.5 mm/day and appeared to drive similar, but more pronounced, differences between tagged and untagged pythons in their rate of change in body condition; peaking at approximately 3–4 g/day. While we cannot be certain that these small differences are, or are not, biologically meaningful, they nonetheless appear to be short-term and readily resolved. Unsurprisingly, the strongest driver of python growth was their age, with growth rapidly increasing or highest amongst younger snakes for all measures of size. Python sex was associated with their body mass and survival, with higher mass but lower survival amongst females. Python size at hatching did not impact on their growth or survival. Our results confirm that PIT tags are a valuable and effective tool for the identification and tracking of captive pythons, and snakes generally, and meet high safety and animal welfare standards.

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30

Márquez, Lorenzo, Gabriel A. Morales, Miguel Sáenz de Rodrigáñez, Eduardo Almansa, Francisco J. Moyano, and Manuel Díaz. "Comments on the calculation of the specific growth rate in experiments with untagged individuals." Scientia Marina 79, no. 4 (November 17, 2015): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04303.30a.

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31

Ludwig, Cornelia, Martin A. Wear, and Malcolm D. Walkinshaw. "Streamlined, automated protocols for the production of milligram quantities of untagged recombinant human cyclophilin-A (hCypA) and untagged human proliferating cell nuclear antigen (hPCNA) using ÄKTAxpress™." Protein Expression and Purification 71, no. 1 (May 2010): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2009.12.001.

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32

Dore, Alexandre, Cristian Pasquaretta, Dominique Henry, Edmond Ricard, Jean-François Bompa, Mathieu Bonneau, Alain Boissy, Dominique Hazard, Mathieu Lihoreau, and Hervé Aubert. "A Non-Invasive Millimetre-Wave Radar Sensor for Automated Behavioural Tracking in Precision Farming—Application to Sheep Husbandry." Sensors 21, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 8140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21238140.

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The automated quantification of the behaviour of freely moving animals is increasingly needed in applied ethology. State-of-the-art approaches often require tags to identify animals, high computational power for data collection and processing, and are sensitive to environmental conditions, which limits their large-scale utilization, for instance in genetic selection programs of animal breeding. Here we introduce a new automated tracking system based on millimetre-wave radars for real time robust and high precision monitoring of untagged animals. In contrast to conventional video tracking systems, radar tracking requires low processing power, is independent on light variations and has more accurate estimations of animal positions due to a lower misdetection rate. To validate our approach, we monitored the movements of 58 sheep in a standard indoor behavioural test used for assessing social motivation. We derived new estimators from the radar data that can be used to improve the behavioural phenotyping of the sheep. We then showed how radars can be used for movement tracking at larger spatial scales, in the field, by adjusting operating frequency and radiated electromagnetic power. Millimetre-wave radars thus hold considerable promises precision farming through high-throughput recording of the behaviour of untagged animals in different types of environments.

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Natalia, Dessy, Christian Heryakusuma, Fernita Puspasari, Linda Juniar, Yovin Sugiyono, Anita Yuwita, Hofiya Djauhari, Silvita F. Riswari, Bachti Alisjahbana, and Ihsanawati. "Production of Immunologically Active Untagged Recombinant DENV-2 NS1 in Escherichia coli." American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajbbsp.2018.230.237.

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Koerniati, Sri. "UNTAGGED MUTATION IN RICE GAL4/VP16 TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR FACILITATED-ENHANCER TRAP LINES." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 1 (April 21, 2013): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v14n1.2013.27-35.

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An enhancer trap system is an insertional mutagenesis based upon gene expression, instead of gene knock-out, so its insertion in genome is expected not linked to any dramatic changes in plant phenotypes. Gene knock-out, leading to lossof- function (LoF) mutation, is a dominant approach for rice functional genomic studies. The objective of this study was to find out whether Transcriptional Activator-Facilitated Enhancer Trap (TAFET) T-DNA insertion inducing mutant phenotypes in rice TAFET population. Materials used in this experiment were T1 generation of 270 rice TAFET lines. Eight plants of each were grown in the greenhouse and observed for any mutant phenotypes. Phenotypic, histochemical, Southern<br />blot analyses were carried out to define a mutant of pSKC66.1- 8e. Result showed that about 10% of the 270 lines produced chlorophyll-deficient leaves, ranged from yellowish green (viridis), white stripe green zebra-like stripe) to completely white (albino). Albino plants died after two weeks, whilst white stripe or viridis mutants became normal in the next generation<br />(T2). Another mutant was pSKC66.1-8e line which had floral dramatic phenotype change with various spikelet shapes and number of organs, and had a single twisted culm. The flower of mutant also had gus gene expression. Plants with wild type did not express gus gene and had six or more straight culms. Molecular, histochemical and phenotypic analyses of this particular line for three generations indicated that mutant phenotype was not due to the T-DNA insertion. Since there was approved that Tos17 is activated during tissue culture and induced mutant phenotype, this line might relate to Tos17 insertion, but it needs further investigation to gain such conclusion.

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Koerniati, Sri. "UNTAGGED MUTATION IN RICE GAL4/VP16 TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR FACILITATED-ENHANCER TRAP LINES." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 14, no. 1 (April 21, 2013): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v14n1.2013.p27-35.

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An enhancer trap system is an insertional mutagenesis based upon gene expression, instead of gene knock-out, so its insertion in genome is expected not linked to any dramatic changes in plant phenotypes. Gene knock-out, leading to lossof- function (LoF) mutation, is a dominant approach for rice functional genomic studies. The objective of this study was to find out whether Transcriptional Activator-Facilitated Enhancer Trap (TAFET) T-DNA insertion inducing mutant phenotypes in rice TAFET population. Materials used in this experiment were T1 generation of 270 rice TAFET lines. Eight plants of each were grown in the greenhouse and observed for any mutant phenotypes. Phenotypic, histochemical, Southern<br />blot analyses were carried out to define a mutant of pSKC66.1- 8e. Result showed that about 10% of the 270 lines produced chlorophyll-deficient leaves, ranged from yellowish green (viridis), white stripe green zebra-like stripe) to completely white (albino). Albino plants died after two weeks, whilst white stripe or viridis mutants became normal in the next generation<br />(T2). Another mutant was pSKC66.1-8e line which had floral dramatic phenotype change with various spikelet shapes and number of organs, and had a single twisted culm. The flower of mutant also had gus gene expression. Plants with wild type did not express gus gene and had six or more straight culms. Molecular, histochemical and phenotypic analyses of this particular line for three generations indicated that mutant phenotype was not due to the T-DNA insertion. Since there was approved that Tos17 is activated during tissue culture and induced mutant phenotype, this line might relate to Tos17 insertion, but it needs further investigation to gain such conclusion.

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Kee, Kehkooi, and Scott Keeney. "Functional Interactions Between SPO11 and REC102 During Initiation of Meiotic Recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Genetics 160, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/160.1.111.

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Abstract In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, formation of the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that initiate meiotic recombination requires the products of at least 10 genes. Spo11p is thought to be the catalytic subunit of the DNA cleaving activity, but the roles of the other proteins, and the interactions among them, are not well understood. This study demonstrates genetic and physical interactions between the products of SPO11 and another early meiotic gene required for DSB formation, REC102. We found that epitope-tagged versions of SPO11 and REC102 that by themselves were capable of supporting normal or nearly normal levels of meiotic recombination conferred a severe synthetic cold-sensitive phenotype when combined in the same cells. DSB formation, meiotic gene conversion, and spore viability were drastically reduced in the doubly tagged strain at a nonpermissive temperature. This conditional defect could be partially rescued by expression of untagged SPO11, but not by expression of untagged REC102, indicating that tagged REC102 is fully dominant for this synthetic phenotype. Both tagged and wild-type Spo11p co-immunoprecipitated with tagged Rec102p from meiotic cell extracts, indicating that these proteins are present in a common complex in vivo. Tagged Rec102p localized to the nucleus in whole cells and to chromatin on spread meiotic chromosomes. Our results are consistent with the idea that a multiprotein complex that includes Spo11p and Rec102p promotes meiotic DSB formation.

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Nightingale, Jen, Paul Stebbing, Nick Taylor, Gráinne McCabe, and Gareth Jones. "The long-term effects and detection ranges of passive integrated transponders in white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 419 (2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2017059.

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Individual identification of the endangered white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) can provide valuable information when assessing long-term survival of animals released into the wild; currently the most effective method is the use of passive integrated transponders (PIT) tags. A 360 days ex situ experiment was undertaken on 20-month, captive-born A. pallipes of carapace length (CL): 22–31 mm, to assess growth and survival after PIT-tagging. Thirty crayfish, matched for sex and size, were PIT-tagged, with 30 untagged crayfish as a control. All crayfish survived for the first 60-day post-tagging, indicating that there was no short-term survival effect of the procedure, in controlled conditions. There was no significant difference in survival or growth over the year between tagged and untagged crayfish, indicating that A. pallipes (≥22 mm CL) can be PIT-tagged safely. A second ex situ experiment investigated the detection range of adult, wild-caught, PIT-tagged A. pallipes. Eighteen A. pallipes were tagged with either 8 mm or 12 mm tags and added to different treatments (bare tank, tank with substrate, brick refuge, pipe refuge, pipe refuge plus slate), and the distance to detection was measured. Throughout all treatments the A. pallipes tagged with 12 mm PIT tags were detected significantly further away (35.6 ± 3.8 mm) than the 8 mm PIT-tagged crayfish.

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Hulleman, John D., Steven J. Brown, Hugh Rosen, and Jeffery W. Kelly. "A High-Throughput Cell-Based Gaussia Luciferase Reporter Assay for Identifying Modulators of Fibulin-3 Secretion." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 18, no. 6 (December 10, 2012): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057112469405.

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An R345W mutation in fibulin-3 causes its inefficient secretion, increased intracellular steady-state levels, and the macular dystrophy, Malattia Leventinese (ML), a disease similar to age-related macular degeneration. It is unknown whether R345W causes ML through increased intracellular levels, by the secretion of a potentially aggregation-prone protein, or both. To identify small molecules that alter the secretion of fibulin-3, we developed ARPE19 retinal cell lines that inducibly express wild-type (WT) or R345W fibulin-3 fused to an enhanced Gaussia luciferase (eGLuc2). Screening of the Library of Pharmacologically Active Compounds demonstrated that these cell lines and the GLuc assay are suitable for high-throughput chemical screening. Two estrogen-related compounds enhanced fibulin-3 secretion, whereas a diverse series of small molecules reduced fibulin-3 secretion. A counterscreen identified compounds that did not substantially alter the secretion of unfused eGLuc2, demonstrating at least partial selectivity for fibulin-3. A secondary assay using untagged fibulin-3 confirmed that the top three inhibitory compounds reduced R345W fibulin-3 secretion. Interestingly, in untagged fibulin-3 studies, one compound, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, reduced R345W fibulin-3 secretion while minimally enhancing WT fibulin-3 secretion, the desired activity and selectivity we sought for ML. The identified compounds could serve as tools for probing the etiology of fibulin-3–related diseases.

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van den Heuvel, Theo. "Lexikaal Onderzoek op Syntaktisch Geanalyzeerd Corpusmateriaal." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 27 (January 1, 1987): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.27.03heu.

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Corpus linguistics is a rich source of information for lexical research. The use of computers can make this source easily accessible. Computer readable corpora may be enriched in various degrees: from untagged upto fully syntactically labeled. In this paper it is shown that a syntactically labeled corpus provides a better lab for lexical research than one that has been tagged for word classes. For this purpose we use some example investigations that were actually carried out on an existing analyzed corpus of English.

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Kim, Yu-Seop, and Jeong-Ho Chang. "Target Word Selection Disambiguation using Untagged Text Data in English-Korean Machine Translation." KIPS Transactions:PartB 11B, no. 6 (October 1, 2004): 749–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstb.2004.11b.6.749.

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41

May Wang, Q., Robert B. Johnson, Dayue Chen, Vincent J. P. Lévêque, Jianxin Ren, Michelle A. Hockman, Kenji Abe, et al. "Expression and purification of untagged full-length HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase." Protein Expression and Purification 35, no. 2 (June 2004): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2004.01.017.

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42

Luo, Dan, and Xili Wang. "A Large Size Image Classification Method Based on Semi-supervised Learning." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 5 (September 22, 2020): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874476105666190830110150.

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Background: Semi-supervised learning in the machine learning community has received widespread attention. Semi-supervised learning can use a small number of tagged samples and a large number of untagged samples for efficient learning. Methods: In 2014, Kim proposed a new semi-supervised learning method: the minimax label propagation (MMLP) method. This method reduces time complexity to O (n), with a smaller computation cost and stronger classification ability than traditional methods. However, classification results are not accurate in large-scale image classifications. Thus, in this paper, we propose a semisupervised image classification method, which is an MMLP-based algorithm. The main idea is threefold: (1) Improving connectivity of image pixels by pixel sampling to reduce the image size, at the same time, reduce the diversity of image characteristics; (2) Using a recall feature to improve the MMLP algorithm; (3) through classification mapping, gaining the classification of the original data from the classification of the data reduction. Results: In the end, our algorithm also gains a minimax path from untagged samples to tagged samples. The experimental results proved that this algorithm is applicable to semi-supervised learning on small-size and that it can also gain better classification results for large-size image at the same time. Conclusion: In our paper, considering the connectivity of the neighboring matrix and the diversity of the characteristics, we used meanshift clustering algorithm, next we will use fuzzy energy clustering on our algorithm. We will study the function of these paths.

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Urbaniak, Tanner J., Michael E. Barnes, and Jacob L. Davis. "Acoustic Transmitters Impact Rainbow Trout Growth in a Competitive Environment." Open Fish Science Journal 9, no. 1 (August 10, 2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874401x01609010037.

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Fish implanted with acoustic transmitters are assumed to behave and grow after stocking similar to untagged fish. In this study, three groups (tagged, sham, and control) of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss [mean (SD) initial length = 277 (24) mm] range were maintained together in three raceways for 90 days, with each raceway containing 10 tagged, 10 sham, and 10 control fish. The fish in the tagged group were anesthetized and had an inert transmitter inserted via a ventral incision. Fish in the sham group were anesthetized and had an incision without transmitter implantation, while the control group was anesthetized only. In each raceway, trout with the inert transmitters were significantly lighter and shorter than fish from the other two groups at the end of the experiment. However, the reduction in weight, length, and specific growth rate occurred primarily during the first 38 days post-tagging, with tagged fish growing at similar rates to the other two groups for the final 52 days of the experiment. Mortality data indicated a survival threshold of 280 mm length in the tagged fish, with 100% survival of the Rainbow Trout greater than 280 mm and only 59.1% survival of trout less than 280 mm. Based on the results of this study, rainbow trout implanted with 9 x 24 mm, 3.6 g acoustic transmitters should be held prior to release for a minimum of 38 days to ensure similar growth rates as untagged conspecifics, and only trout with an initial length greater than 280 mm should be used to maximize survival.

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Pennycook, Gordon, Adam Bear, Evan T. Collins, and David G. Rand. "The Implied Truth Effect: Attaching Warnings to a Subset of Fake News Headlines Increases Perceived Accuracy of Headlines Without Warnings." Management Science 66, no. 11 (November 2020): 4944–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3478.

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What can be done to combat political misinformation? One prominent intervention involves attaching warnings to headlines of news stories that have been disputed by third-party fact-checkers. Here we demonstrate a hitherto unappreciated potential consequence of such a warning: an implied truth effect, whereby false headlines that fail to get tagged are considered validated and thus are seen as more accurate. With a formal model, we demonstrate that Bayesian belief updating can lead to such an implied truth effect. In Study 1 (n = 5,271 MTurkers), we find that although warnings do lead to a modest reduction in perceived accuracy of false headlines relative to a control condition (particularly for politically concordant headlines), we also observed the hypothesized implied truth effect: the presence of warnings caused untagged headlines to be seen as more accurate than in the control. In Study 2 (n = 1,568 MTurkers), we find the same effects in the context of decisions about which headlines to consider sharing on social media. We also find that attaching verifications to some true headlines—which removes the ambiguity about whether untagged headlines have not been checked or have been verified—eliminates, and in fact slightly reverses, the implied truth effect. Together these results contest theories of motivated reasoning while identifying a potential challenge for the policy of using warning tags to fight misinformation—a challenge that is particularly concerning given that it is much easier to produce misinformation than it is to debunk it. This paper was accepted by Elke Weber, judgment and decision making.

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Lu, Yi, Xiaoqing Chen, Jonathan Beesley, Sharon E. Johnatty, Anna deFazio, Sandrina Lambrechts, Diether Lambrechts, et al. "Genome-Wide Association Study for Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility Using Pooled DNA." Twin Research and Human Genetics 15, no. 5 (July 13, 2012): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.38.

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Recent Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have identified four low-penetrance ovarian cancer susceptibility loci. We hypothesized that further moderate- or low-penetrance variants exist among the subset of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) not well tagged by the genotyping arrays used in the previous studies, which would account for some of the remaining risk. We therefore conducted a time- and cost-effective stage 1 GWAS on 342 invasive serous cases and 643 controls genotyped on pooled DNA using the high-density Illumina 1M-Duo array. We followed up 20 of the most significantly associated SNPs, which are not well tagged by the lower density arrays used by the published GWAS, and genotyping them on individual DNA. Most of the top 20 SNPs were clearly validated by individually genotyping the samples used in the pools. However, none of the 20 SNPs replicated when tested for association in a much larger stage 2 set of 4,651 cases and 6,966 controls from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium. Given that most of the top 20 SNPs from pooling were validated in the same samples by individual genotyping, the lack of replication is likely to be due to the relatively small sample size in our stage 1 GWAS rather than due to problems with the pooling approach. We conclude that there are unlikely to be any moderate or large effects on ovarian cancer risk untagged by less dense arrays. However, our study lacked power to make clear statements on the existence of hitherto untagged small-effect variants.

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Riahi, Noushin, and Fatemeh Sedghi. "Improving the Collocation Extraction Method Using an Untagged Corpus for Persian Word Sense Disambiguation." Journal of Computer and Communications 04, no. 04 (2016): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2016.44010.

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Janda, K. D. "Tagged versus untagged libraries: methods for the generation and screening of combinatorial chemical libraries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 91, no. 23 (November 8, 1994): 10779–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.23.10779.

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Xi, Xueyan, Xiaolu Li, Fan Wu, Xin Guan, Lan Jin, Yang Guo, Wei Song, and Boyu Du. "Expression, purification and characterization of active untagged recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor from E.coli." Protein Expression and Purification 134 (June 2017): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2017.03.020.

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Barinova, K. V., M. A. Eldarov, E. V. Khomyakova, V. I. Muronetz, and E. V. Schmalhausen. "Isolation of recombinant human untagged glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from E. coli producer strain." Protein Expression and Purification 137 (September 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2017.06.009.

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Gupta, Ruchi, Tatiana P. Soares da Costa, Pierre Faou, Con Dogovski, and Matthew A. Perugini. "Comparison of untagged and his-tagged dihydrodipicolinate synthase from the enteric pathogen Vibrio cholerae." Protein Expression and Purification 145 (May 2018): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2018.01.003.

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