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Journal articles on the topic 'Unsaturated sugar'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Wang, Yuan, Qin Li, Shuihong Cheng, Yanfen Wu, Dongjie Guo, Qiu-Hua Fan, Xiaofang Wang, Li-He Zhang, and Xin-Shan Ye. "Base-Promoted Rearrangement of Sugar Epoxides to Unsaturated Sugars." Organic Letters 7, no. 25 (December 2005): 5577–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ol052128x.

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2

Román, Emilio, José A. Serrano, María E. Cuéllar, Alberto Marfil, and J. A. Galbis. "Synthesis of Acyclic Unsaturated Sugar Derivatives." Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 11, no. 1 (January 1992): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07328309208016138.

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3

Sahari, J., S. M. Sapuan, Z. N. Ismarrubie, and M. Z. A. Rahman. "Investigation on Bending Strength and Stiffness of Sugar Palm Fibre from Different Parts Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.502.

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This investigation is done to select the best composite on bending strength and stiffness derived from different parts of sugar palm fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Sugar palm tree is one of the most popular natural fibres. The fibre was obtained from the sugar palm tree and mixed with unsaturated polyester (PE). All of the composites are labelled as SPF/PE for sugar palm frond composite, SPB/PE for sugar palm bunch composite, SPT/PE for sugar palm trunk composite and ijuk/PE for black sugar palm fibre composite. The bending strength and stiffness tests were done according to ASTM D 790-(2000). The higher value of bending strength and stiffness obtained by SPT/PE which is 41.906 MPa and 3.363 GPa respectively followed by SPF/PE (38.906 MPa and 3.001 GPa), SPB/PE (35.168 MPa and 2.749) and ijuk/PE (33.742 MPa and 2.424 GPa)

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4

Ibrahim, Abu Hatim, Leman Zulkiflle, and S. M. Sapuan. "Tensile Properties of Impregnated Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Fibre Composite Filled Thermosetting Polymer Composites." Advanced Materials Research 701 (May 2013): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.701.8.

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The effect of fibre modification via vacuum resin impregnation on tensile properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermosetting composites was studied. The fibres were impregnated with unsaturated polyester, vinylester and epoxy at the pressure of 600mmHg (79.99kPa) for 30 mins. After curing time, it was observed that tensile strength of impregnated fibre was significantly increased with epoxy (EPX) was the best with 188.06 MPa. It was followed by unsaturated polyester (UP) and vinylester (VE) with 107.12 MPa and 158.31 MPa. However, tensile modulus for sugar palm fibre impregnated with EPX increased up to 21% compared to un-impregnated sugar palm fibre followed by UP (12.7%) and VE (8.4%). It was observed that different impregnation agents gave different values of strength of sugar palm fibre composites.

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5

Bricteux-Grégoire, S., and W. G. Verly. "The use of thioglycollate to demonstrate DNA AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic-site) lyase activities. Biological consequences of thiol addition to the 5′ product of a β-elimination reaction at an AP site in DNA." Biochemical Journal 273, no. 3 (February 1, 1991): 777–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2730777.

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Thioglycollate reacts with the 5′ product of AP lyase activity on apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in DNA. The 3′-terminal thioglycollate-unsaturated sugar 5-phosphate adduct can be released by the use of Escherichia coli endonuclease IV or endonuclease VI, and identified by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. In contrast, the mammalian AP endonuclease is unable to excise a 3′-terminal thiol-unsaturated sugar adduct; this lesion, which must sometimes occur in vivo, might be irreparable and have pathological consequences.

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6

ROMAN, E., J. A. SERRANO, M. E. CUELLAR, A. MARFIL, and J. A. GALBIS. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Acyclic Unsaturated Sugar Derivatives." ChemInform 24, no. 4 (August 21, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199304247.

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7

Gu, Cihang, Timothy Olszewski, Michael F. Vaezi, Kevin D. Niswender, and Heidi J. Silver. "Objective ambulatory pH monitoring and subjective symptom assessment of gastroesophageal reflux disease show type of carbohydrate and type of fat matter." Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology 15 (January 2022): 175628482211012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17562848221101289.

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Background: Rising prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in US Veterans is concurrent with increasing excess body weight. Objective: The objective of this cross-sectional study is to examine relationships between dietary macronutrients, gastrointestinal hormones, and GERD status. Methods: Ninety-eight veterans with overweight/obesity and empiric proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment were enrolled from the Tennessee Valley Healthcare System. Subjects had esophageal manometry and 24-h pH monitoring. Subjective symptoms were assessed with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERDQ) and Symptom Assessment Scale (GSAS). The primary outcomes, total acid exposure time (AET) and number of reflux episodes, enabled categorizing subjects as either pathologic GERD or inconclusive GERD. Data analysis included independent T-tests, Spearman Rho correlations, and multivariable linear regression modeling. Results: Higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (sugar-sweetened tea, soda, and fruit juice) associated with higher AET. Higher saturated-to-unsaturated fat intake is associated with higher AET and number of reflux episodes. Overall, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, saturated-to-unsaturated fat ratio, tomato-based food items, glucagon-like polypeptide 1 (GLP-1) level, time of first meal, and education status accounted for a significant amount of the variability in AET. Pathologic GERD subjects reported more heartburn ( p = 0.006), regurgitation ( p = 0.01), acid taste (0.001), and nausea severity ( p = 0.04). GERDQ score associated with AET ( r = 0.31, p = 0.005), but GSAS did not ( r = 0.12, p = 0.28). Conclusion: Of the many foods and nutrients tested, the type (not amount) of carbohydrate (simple sugars) and the type (not amount) of fat (saturated vs unsaturated fat) consumed associated with objective and/or subjective GERD testing. These novel findings contribute to the evidence base guiding specific dietary recommendations in the clinical management of GERD.

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8

Panfil, Irma, and Marek Chmielewski. "Cycloaddition of nitrones and α,β-unsaturated sugar lactones." Tetrahedron 41, no. 20 (January 1985): 4713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)82368-1.

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9

Panfil, I., C. Bełzecki, M. Chmielewski, and K. Suwińska. "Reaction of α, β-unsaturated sugar lactones with formaldoxime." Tetrahedron 45, no. 1 (January 1989): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4020(89)80051-1.

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10

Pawar, Nitin J., Navdeep S. Sidhu, George M. Sheldrick, Dilip D. Dhavale, and Ulf Diederichsen. "Molecular architecture with carbohydrate functionalized β-peptides adopting 314-helical conformation." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (April 28, 2014): 948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.93.

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Carbohydrate recognition is essential in cellular interactions and biological processes. It is characterized by structural diversity, multivalency and cooperative effects. To evaluate carbohydrate interaction and recognition, the structurally defined attachment of sugar units to a rigid template is highly desired. β-Peptide helices offer conformationally stable templates for the linear presentation of sugar units in defined distances. The synthesis and β-peptide incorporation of sugar-β-amino acids are described providing the saccharide units as amino acid side chain. The respective sugar-β-amino acids are accessible by Michael addition of ammonia to sugar units derivatized as α,β-unsaturated esters. Three sugar units were incorporated in β-peptide oligomers varying the sugar (glucose, galactose, xylose) and sugar protecting groups. The influence of sugar units and the configuration of sugar-β-amino acids on β-peptide secondary structure were investigated by CD spectroscopy.

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11

Takagaki. "Rational Design of Metal Oxide Solid Acids for Sugar Conversion." Catalysts 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2019): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9110907.

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Aqueous-phase acid-catalyzed reactions are essential for the conversion of cellulose-based biomass into chemicals. Brønsted acid and Lewis acid play important roles for these reactions, including hydrolysis of saccharides, isomerization and epimerization of aldoses, conversion of d-glucose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, cyclodehydration of sugar alcohols and conversion of trioses into lactic acid. A variety of metal oxide solid acids has been developed and applied for the conversion of sugars so far. The catalytic activity is mainly dependent on the structures and types of solid acids. Amorphous metal oxides possess coordinatively unsaturated metal sites that function as Lewis acid sites while some crystal metal oxides have strong Brønsted acid sites. This review introduces several types of metal oxide solid acids, such as layered metal oxides, metal oxide nanosheet aggregates, mesoporous metal oxides, amorphous metal oxides and supported metal oxides for sugar conversions.

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12

Sahari, J., S. M. Sapuan, Z. N. Ismarrubie, and M. Z. A. Rahman. "Comparative Study of Physical Properties Based on Different Parts of Sugar Palm Fibre Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.455.

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This research was conducted to evaluate the potential of sugar palm residue as a raw material to produce the new green composites. The physical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites from different part which are sugar palm frond (SPF/PE), sugar palm bunch (SPB/PE), sugar palm trunk (SPT/PE) and black sugar palm fibre (ijuk/PE) were studied. Samples were submerged in distilled water for 24 hours. The water absorption and thickness swelling were investigated in order to determine the dimensional stability of the composites. It is found that SPF/PE showed the higher value of water absorption and thickness swelling which are 1.57%, and 1.56% followed by SPB/PE (1.35%, 1.11%), ijuk/PE (0.65%, 0.76%) and SPT/PE (0.39%, 0.50%). Generally, this investigation is valuable for researchers in order to evaluate the potential and some possible application of sugar palm residues as a new natural composites product.

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13

Zhang, Wei, and Jin Zhong Xie. "Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Resistance Indices of Sympodial Bamboo Seedlings." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 4241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4241.

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An indoor low temperature experiment was conducted to study the variations of membrane permeability, malondialdehyde, soluble protein and soluble sugar contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities and membrane lipid fatty acid content in leaves and roots of sympodial bamboo seedlings (Dendrocalamus latiflorus)under different levels of cold stress. Results showed that after low temperature pretreatment (8 °C) for 15 days, the soluble protein, soluble sugar contents and POD activities in leaves as well as soluble sugar contents and POD activities in roots were increased obviously. After cold-hardening (-2 °C) for 72 h, the soluble protein, soluble sugar contents and SOD, POD activities in leaves and SOD, POD activities and ratio of membrane lipid unsaturated fatty acid in roots with pretreatment were obviously higher than those without pretreatment. Membrane permeability in leaves with pretreatment was obviously lower than that without pretreatment. But the level of membrane lipid peroxidation in leaves with pretreatment was significantly greater than that before cold-hardening. While the level of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation in roots with pretreatment had no significant change after cold-hardening. Overall, leaves had higher soluble protein, soluble sugar contents and POD activities to avoid low temperature injuries while roots had higher SOD, POD activities and unsaturated fatty acid to avoid membrane lipid peroxidation and membrane injuries.

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14

Sekova, Varvara Yu, Daria I. Dergacheva, Elena P. Isakova, Natalya N. Gessler, Vera M. Tereshina, and Yulia I. Deryabina. "Soluble Sugar and Lipid Readjustments in the Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast at Various Temperatures and pH." Metabolites 9, no. 12 (December 17, 2019): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9120307.

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Microorganisms cope with a wide range of environmental challenges using different mechanisms. Their ability to prosper at extreme ambient pH and high temperatures has been well reported, but the adaptation mechanism often remains unrevealed. In this study, we addressed the dynamics of lipid and sugar profiles upon different cultivation conditions. The results showed that the cells grown at various pH and optimal temperature contained mannitol as the major cytosol sugar alcohol. The elevated temperature of 38 °C led to a two- to three-fold increase in total cytosol sugars with concurrent substitution of mannitol for trehalose. Lipid composition in the cells at optimal temperature changed insignificantly at any pH tested. The increase in the temperature caused some drop in the storage and membrane lipid levels, remarkable changes in their composition, and the degree of unsaturated fatty acids. It was shown that the fatty acid composition of some membrane phospholipids varied considerably at changing pH and temperature values. The data showed a pivotal role and flexibility of the sugar and lipid composition of Y. lipolytica W29 in adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditions.

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15

Maciejewski, Sylwester, Irma Panfil, Czesław Bełżecki, and Marek Chmielewski. "An approach to carbapenems from α,β-unsaturated sugar lactones." Tetrahedron 48, no. 47 (November 1992): 10363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(01)88341-1.

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16

Haraguchi, Kazuhiro, Hiromichi Tanaka, Hideaki Maeda, Yoshiharu Itoh, Shigeru Saito, and Tadashi Miyasaka. "Selenoxide elimination for the synthesis of unsaturated-sugar uracil nucleosides." Journal of Organic Chemistry 56, no. 18 (August 1991): 5401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00018a038.

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17

Torrea Goñi, D., A. García Sotro, and C. Ancín Azpilicueta. "Influencia de la clarificación por sedimentación en el contenido de ácidos grasos en mostos garnacha y Viura y su evolución durante la fermentación / Influence of clarification by sedimentation on the content of fatty acids in garnacha and Viura musts and their changes during the fermentation." Food Science and Technology International 5, no. 6 (December 1999): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108201329900500604.

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The influence of static sedimentation of garnacha and Viura musts on the concentration of fatty acids and their changes during fermentation is evaluated. A non-sedimented must was used as a control sample. The sedimentation of garnacha must reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids (mainly stearic acid), although it did not totally eliminate any single one. During the first half of the fermen tation (up to 50% of sugar consumption) the medium-chain fatty acids excreted their highest concen tration in the sample being clarified. The long-chain fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, were consumed in both samples, although the saturated acids showed a higher rate of consumption in the contrul sample (57%) than in the sedimented sample (10%). The polyunsaturated fatty acids were consumed at a high rate in both samples. During the second half of the fermentation (from 50% sugar consumption until the end of the fermentation) the consumption of long-chain fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, was similar in the control sample and in the sedimented sample. The clarification of the Viura must reduced all the above unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic (84%). In the first half of the fermentation, the consumption of long-chain fatty acids, both saturated and unsaturated, was greater in the control sample than in the sedimented sample; the same oc curred during the second half of the fermentation.

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18

Haraguchi, Kazuhiro, Yoshiharu Itoh, and Hiromichi Tanaka. "Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation at the Sugar Portion of Nucleosides: Synthetic Potential of Unsaturated-sugar Nucleosides." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 61, no. 10 (2003): 974–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.61.974.

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19

Zhang, Yan Ping, Hui Yun Zhou, Ling Juan Jiang, and Zhong Dong Wang. "Material Basis of Germination of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge Seeds." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2705.

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This study was carried out to find material basis of which effect germination rate ofSalvia miltiorrhizaBge seeds in different years and in different areas. The results can be used in quality identification and advising storage conditions. Routine method were used to study the basic qualities, such as physical purity, weight of 100 seeds, seed moisture and germination. GC-MS were used to detect fatty acids and UV spectrophotometer was used to detect reducing sugar. The germination and viability of new seeds were much higher than that of aged. Weight of 100 seeds, seed moisture, fatty acids of same origin new seeds were higher than that of aged. However there was no correlation between different areas. Content of reducing sugar of same origin new seeds were higher than that of aged, also there were no correlation between different areas. Unsaturated fatty acids content of the new seeds was 80.90% which was much higher than that of aged. Linoleic acid was the main Unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acid content was 19.10% which was much lower than that of aged. Palmitic acid was the main saturated fatty acids. Data showed that unsaturated acids were auto oxidized to saturated acids in the process of storage. Germination rate was decreased as storage time prolonged.

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20

Kühne, Benjamin, Herbert Vogel, Reinhard Meusinger, Sebastian Kunz, and Markwart Kunz. "Mechanistic study on –C–O– and –C–C– hydrogenolysis over Cu catalysts: identification of reaction pathways and key intermediates." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 3 (2018): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy02426f.

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Sugar alcohols are found to adsorb over Cu catalysts via two vicinal OH-groups, forming a chelate complex with selective –C–O– bond cleavage of adjacent free OH-groups. Different side reactions via unsaturated intermediates on the catalyst surface yield C1 to C5 polyols.

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21

Chmielewski, Marek, Irma Panfil, and Czeslaw Belzecki. "Synthesis of b-Lactams from a,b-Unsaturated Sugar d-Lactones." HETEROCYCLES 24, no. 6 (1986): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/r-1986-06-1609.

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22

Wang, Yuan-Yuan, De-Cai Xiong, Qin Li, Yuan Wang, and Xin-Shan Ye. "Syntheses of novel acarviosin analogs with anhydro or unsaturated sugar moieties." Tetrahedron 68, no. 46 (November 2012): 9355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2012.09.037.

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23

Windstam, Sofia, and Eric B. Nelson. "Temporal Release of Fatty Acids and Sugars in the Spermosphere: Impacts on Enterobacter cloacae-Induced Biological Control." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, no. 14 (May 30, 2008): 4292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00264-08.

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ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the temporal release of fatty acids and sugars from corn and cucumber seeds during the early stages of seed germination in order to establish whether sugars found in exudate can prevent exudate fatty acid degradation by Enterobacter cloacae. Both saturated (long-chain saturated fatty acids [LCSFA]) and unsaturated (long-chain unsaturated fatty acids [LCUFA]) fatty acids were detected in corn and cucumber seed exudates within 15 min after seed sowing. LCSFA and LCUFA were released at a rate of 26.1 and 6.44 ng/min/seed by corn and cucumber seeds, respectively. The unsaturated portion of the total fatty acid pool from both plant species contained primarily oleic and linoleic acids, and these fatty acids were released at a combined rate of 6.6 and 0.67 ng/min/seed from corn and cucumber, respectively. In the absence of seed exudate sugars, E. cloacae degraded linoleic acid at rates of 29 to 39 ng/min, exceeding the rate of total fatty acid release from seeds. Sugars constituted a significant percentage of corn seed exudate, accounting for 41% of the total dry seed weight. Only 5% of cucumber seed exudate was comprised of sugars. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose were the most abundant sugars present in seed exudate from both plant species. Corn seeds released a total of 137 μg/seed of these three sugars within 30 min of sowing, whereas cucumber seeds released 0.83 μg/seed within the same time frame. Levels of glucose, fructose, and sucrose found in corn seed exudate (90 to 342 μg) reduced the rate of linoleic acid degradation by E. cloacae to 7.5 to 8.8 ng/min in the presence of either sugar, leaving sufficient concentrations of linoleic acid to activate Pythium ultimum sporangia Our results demonstrate that elevated levels of sugars in the corn spermosphere can prevent the degradation of LCUFA by E. cloacae, leading to its failure to suppress P. ultimum sporangial activation, germination, and subsequent disease development.

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24

M.M., Campo, Nute G.R., Wood J.D., Elmore S.J., Mottram D.S., and Enser M. "Modelling the odour of cooked meat in vitro using different fatty acids." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200008401.

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The odour/flavour of beef from animals raised on cereal concentrates differs from that of forage fed animals and this is thought to be caused, at least in part, by differences in fatty acid composition (cereals, high in linoleic acid, C18:2; grass, high in linolenic acid, C18:3). During cooking, the thermal oxidation of fatty acids produces aroma volatiles and intermediates (Mottram, 1991) that modify the Maillard reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars. In this study, we have investigated the reactions that naturally occur in the muscle during cooking by heating together a sugar (ribose), a sulphur amino acid (cysteine) and several unsaturated fatty acids to evaluate the organoleptic contribution of fatty acids to meat aroma development.

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25

Radha Krishna, Palakodety. "Diversely Substituted Sugar-Linked α,β-Unsaturated γ-Lactones from Sugar-Derived Baylis−Hillman Adducts via a RCM." Journal of Combinatorial Chemistry 9, no. 1 (January 2007): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cc060076c.

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26

Shibata, Toshiyuki, Reona Fujii, Yoshihiko Nishioka, Hideo Miyake, Tetsushi Mori, and Reiji Tanaka. "A Simple Analysis Method for 4-Deoxy-l-erythro-5-hexoseulose Uronic Acid by HPLC-ELSD with Column for Anion Analysis." Natural Product Communications 14, no. 5 (May 2019): 1934578X1985099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x19850990.

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4-Deoxy-l- erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEH) is a rare deoxy sugar produced from alginate by the action of an exotype alginate lyase. A simple and rapid method for analyzing DEH using high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) was developed in this study. For chromatography, an isocratic elution of ammonium formate buffer including formic acid and a column for anion chromatography were used. In the developed method, DEH was detected at a retention time of 3.038 minutes and limits of detection (signal-noise ratio = 3) and quantification (signal-noise ratio = 10) were 37.5 and 124.9 µg/mL as a sodium DEH, respectively. In addition, separation and detection of alginate unsaturated oligosaccharides were also tested using the method. Within an analysis time of 10 minutes, it was possible to separate and detect unsaturated disaccharide, unsaturated trisaccharide, and unsaturated tetrasaccharide prepared using poly(β-d-mannuronate) lyase and sodium alginate of high mannuronate type. The HPLC-ELSD method established in this study will be applicable for quantitative analysis of DEH and measurement of exotype alginate lyase activity.

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27

Bøjstrup, Marie, Mette Fanefjord, and Inge Lundt. "Aminocyclopentanols as sugar mimics. Synthesis from unsaturated bicyclic lactones by Overman rearrangement." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 5, no. 19 (2007): 3164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b710232a.

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28

Mohd Nurazzi, N., A. Khalina, S. Mohd Sapuan, and M. Rahmah. "Development of sugar palm yarn/glass fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composites." Materials Research Express 5, no. 4 (April 20, 2018): 045308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aabc27.

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29

Chmielewski, Marek, and Sylwester Maciejewski. "An approach to β-lactams from α,β-unsaturated sugar δ-lactones." Carbohydrate Research 157 (December 1986): c1—c3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(86)85077-7.

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30

Ishak, M. R., Z. Leman, S. M. Sapuan, M. Z. A. Rahman, and U. M. K. Anwar. "Impregnation modification of sugar palm fibres with phenol formaldehyde and unsaturated polyester." Fibers and Polymers 14, no. 2 (February 2013): 250–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-013-0250-0.

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31

Wang, Feng. "Unsaturated Didehydrodeoxycytidine Drugs. 1. Impact of CC Positions in the Sugar Ring." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 111, no. 32 (August 2007): 9628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp072014y.

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32

Sapuan, S. M., H. Y. Lok, M. R. Ishak, and S. Misri. "Mechanical properties of hybrid glass/sugar palm fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 31, no. 10 (October 2013): 1394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-013-1342-4.

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33

MACIEJEWSKI, S., I. PANFIL, C. BELZECKI, and M. CHMIELEWSKI. "ChemInform Abstract: An Approach to Carbapenems from α,β-Unsaturated Sugar Lactones." ChemInform 24, no. 11 (August 20, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199311289.

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34

HARAGUCHI, K., H. TANAKA, H. MAEDA, Y. ITOH, S. SAITO, and T. MIYASAKA. "ChemInform Abstract: Selenoxide Elimination for the Synthesis of Unsaturated Sugar Uracil Nucleosides." ChemInform 23, no. 11 (August 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199211258.

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35

Gloeden, E., R. C. A. Cunha, M. J. B. Fraccaroli, and R. W. Cleary. "The Behaviour of Vinasse Constituents in the Unsaturated and Saturated Zones in the Botucatu Aquifer Recharge Area." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 11 (December 1, 1991): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0347.

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Vinasse has been widely replacing chemical fertilizers in sugar cane plantations as a source of nutrients, mainly potassium. Despite its value as a fertilizer, which has already been shown, there are very few publications about the mobility of its constituents as well as their effect on groundwater quality. In a sugar cane plantation located on the Botucatu aquifer recharge area, a research project has been developed to determine the dynamics of the constituents of vinasse through the unsaturated and saturated zones, aiming at defining the agronomic rate of vinasse irrigation in order to preserve the groundwater quality. Geological and hydrogeological surveys were carried out utilizing data from geophysical methods (electromagnetism and electroresistivity), boring and piezometers. The area wasdivided into three plots where vinasse was applied at rates of 150 and 300 m3/hectare. A monitoring net was installed after the hydrogeological characterization of the site, consisting of monitoring wells, multilevel piezometers, tensiometers, suction and pan lysimeters, which allow the evaluation of the water flow and solute transportation through the unsaturated and saturated zones. This paper shows the preliminary results of the monitoring and the methodology used.

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Frei, Sibylle, Andrei Istrate, and Christian J. Leumann. "6’-Fluoro[4.3.0]bicyclo nucleic acid: synthesis, biophysical properties and molecular dynamics simulations." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 14 (December 20, 2018): 3088–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.14.288.

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Here we report on the synthesis, biophysical properties and molecular modeling of oligonucleotides containing unsaturated 6’-fluoro[4.3.0]bicyclo nucleotides (6’F-bc4,3-DNA). Two 6’F-bc4,3 phosphoramidite building blocks (T and C) were synthesized starting from a previously described [3.3.0]bicyclic sugar. The conversion of this sugar to a gem-difluorinated tricyclic intermediate via difluorocarbene addition followed either by a NIS-mediated or Vorbrüggen nucleosidation yielded in both cases the β-tricyclic nucleoside as major anomer. Subsequent desilylation and cyclopropane ring opening of these tricyclic intermediates afforded the unsaturated 6’F-bc4,3 nucleosides. The successful incorporation of the corresponding phosphoramidite building blocks into oligonucleotides was achieved with tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidation agent. Thermal melting experiments of the modified duplexes disclosed a destabilizing effect versus DNA and RNA complements, but with a lesser degree of destabilization versus complementary DNA (ΔT m/mod = −1.5 to −3.7 °C). Molecular dynamics simulation on the nucleoside and oligonucleotide level revealed the preference of the C1’-exo/C2’-endo alignment of the furanose ring. Moreover, the simulation of duplexes with complementary RNA disclosed a DNA/RNA-type duplex structure suggesting that this modification might be a substrate for RNase H.

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Forchielli, Maria Luisa, Lucia Diani, Flavio Labriola, Giulia Bolasco, Alessandro Rocca, Nunzio Cosimo Salfi, Arianna Leone, et al. "Gluten Deprivation: What Nutritional Changes Are Found During the First Year in Newly Diagnosed Coeliac Children?" Nutrients 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010060.

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Aim: A gluten-free diet (GFD) can expose children to excessive calories and fat intake. The study is intended to verify whether and how food intake, laboratory parameters, and growth are modified by a year of GFD. Methods: In 79 CD (coeliac disease) children (mean age 7.9 ± 3.8 years, 52 females, 27 males) diagnosed over 24 months, 24-h food diaries, food-frequency patterns, anthropometric and laboratory parameters (mainly blood sugar, insulin, lipid profile, and homocysteine) were prospectively collected before and during the first year of GFD. Nutrient intakes were compared over time and with recommendations. They were also used as regressors to explain the levels and changes of metabolic and growth variables. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Average macronutrient intake did not change during the year. Caloric intake remained below 90% (p ≤ 0.0001) and protein intake above 200% (p ≤ 0.0001) of recommendations. Lipid intake was stable at 34% of overall energy intake. Unsaturated fats increased (less omega-6 and more omega-3 with a ratio improvement from 13.3 ± 5.5 to 8.8 ± 3.1) and so did fibers, while folate decreased. The children who experienced a containment in their caloric intake during the year, presented a slower catch-up growth. Some differences were found across gender and age groups. In particular, adolescents consumed less calories, and females more omega-3. Fiber and simple sugar intakes emerged as implicated in lipid profile shift: fibers negatively with triglycerides (TG) (p = 0.033), simple sugars negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.056) and positively with TG (p = 0.004). Waist-to-height ratio was positively associated with homocysteine (p = 0.018) and Homeostasis Model Assessment (p = 0.001), negatively with fibers (p = 0.004). Conclusion: In the short run, GFD is nutritionally very similar to any diet with gluten, with some improvements in unsaturated fats and fiber intake. Along with simple sugars containment, this may offer CD patients the opportunity for a fresh start. Caloric intakes may shift and should be monitored, especially in adolescents.

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Chmielewski, Marek, and Irma Panfil. "Synthesis of Pyrazolidin-3-ones from a,b-Unsaturated Sugar Lactones and Hydrazine." HETEROCYCLES 36, no. 10 (1993): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-93-6396.

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Gallos, John K., and Alexandros E. Koumbis. "Domino Knoevenagel hetero Diels-Alder reactions of sugar derived δ,ε-unsaturated aldehydes." Arkivoc 2003, no. 6 (May 8, 2003): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0004.616.

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Leman, Zulkiflle, S. M. Sapuan, and S. Suppiah. "Sugar Palm Fibre-Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composite Interface Characterisation by Pull-Out Test." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 1034–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.1034.

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Polymer composites using natural fibres as the reinforcing agents have found their use in many applications. However, they do suffer from a few limitations, due to the hydrophilicity of the natural fibres which results in low compatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrices. This paper aims to determine the best sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibre surface treatment to improve the fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion. Fibre surface modifications were carried out by water retting process where the fibres were immersed in sea water, pond water and sewage water for the period of 30 days. The test samples were fabricated by placing a single fibre in an unsaturated polyester resin. Single-fibre pull-out tests showed that freshwater-treated fibres possessed the highest interfacial shear strength, followed by untreated fibres, sewage water-treated fibres, and sea water-treated fibres. Further surface analyses of the samples were performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) system.

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B. Pedersen, Erik, Zbigniew Kaluza, and Marek Chmielewski. "Synthesis of Anomalously Coupled Nucleosides by Addition of Purines to Unsaturated Sugar Aldehydes." HETEROCYCLES 27, no. 6 (1988): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3987/com-88-4499.

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Balasubramanian, K. K., N. G. Ramesh, Animesh Pramanik, and Jayaraman Chandrasekhar. "Aromatic Claisen rearrangements in carbohydrates: stereocontrol of rearrangement rates in unsaturated sugar substrates." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, no. 7 (1994): 1399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p29940001399.

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Areces, Pilar, Joaquín Plumet, Esther Carrasco, and Alicia Mancha. "Tandem β-Elimination-Morita-Baylis-Hillman Reaction in α,β-Unsaturated Sugar Aldehydes." Synthesis, no. 6 (2006): 946–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-926366.

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Csávás, Magdolna, Dániel Eszenyi, Erika Mező, László Lázár, Nóra Debreczeni, Marietta Tóth, László Somsák, and Anikó Borbás. "Stereoselective Synthesis of Carbon-Sulfur-Bridged Glycomimetics by Photoinitiated Thiol-Ene Coupling Reactions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020573.

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Oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates are abundant in all living organisms, taking part in a multitude of biological processes. The application of natural O-glycosides in biological studies and drug development is limited by their sensitivity to enzymatic hydrolysis. This issue made it necessary to design hydrolytically stable carbohydrate mimetics, where sulfur, carbon, or longer interglycosidic connections comprising two or three atoms replace the glycosidic oxygen. However, the formation of the interglycosidic linkages between the sugar residues in high diastereoslectivity poses a major challenge. Here, we report on stereoselective synthesis of carbon-sulfur-bridged disaccharide mimetics by the free radical addition of carbohydrate thiols onto the exo-cyclic double bond of unsaturated sugars. A systematic study on UV-light initiated radical mediated hydrothiolation reactions of enoses bearing an exocyclic double bond at C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and C6 positions of the pyranosyl ring with various sugar thiols was performed. The effect of temperature and structural variations of the alkenes and thiols on the efficacy and stereoselectivity of the reactions was systematically studied and optimized. The reactions proceeded with high efficacy and, in most cases, with complete diastereoselectivity producing a broad array of disaccharide mimetics coupling through an equatorially oriented methylensulfide bridge.

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Gonçalves, José Francisco de C., Andreia V. Fernandes, Antonio Fernando M. Oliveira, Lílian F. Rodrigues, and Ricardo A. Marenco. "Primary metabolism components of seeds from Brazilian Amazon tree species." Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 14, no. 2 (August 2002): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-04202002000200009.

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The contents of the main components of the primary metabolism (soluble sugars, starch, proteins, oils, fatty acids) and minerals (P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu) were characterized in seeds of five Brazilian Amazon tree species (Andira parviflora, Bertholletia excelsa, Helicostylis tomentosa, Hymenaea parviflora, and Parkia pendula). Soluble sugar contents were high in P. pendula seeds (14 %), whereas starch predominated in A. parviflora seeds (58.7 %). A. parviflora and H. parviflora seeds were rich in proteins (35.1 % and 32.4 %, respectively). The oil contents ranged from 1.4 % in A. parviflora to 70.7 % in B. excelsa. Only B. excelsa and P. pendula seeds may be considered oilseeds, with 70.7 % and 28.4 % oil, respectively. The fatty acid compositions showed high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic and linoleic acids, regardless of the species. B. excelsa and P. pendula also showed high amounts of P, Mg, K and Zn.

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Milincic, Danijel, Aleksandar Kostic, Bojana Spirovic-Trifunovic, Zivoslav Tesic, Tomislav Tosti, Aleksandra Dramicanin, Miroljub Barac, and Mirjana Pesic. "Grape seed flour of different grape pomaces: Fatty acid profile, soluble sugar profile and nutritional value." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 85, no. 3 (2020): 305–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc190713117m.

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The aim of this study was to determine fatty acid and soluble sugar profiles of the grape seed flour originated from non-fermented dried pomace of international and autochthonous grape varieties in order to estimate their potential nutritional value. The grape seed flours were obtained from the grapes harvested in technological maturity. It has been shown that grape seed flours contained significant quantities of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), especially linoleic fatty acids, whose content ranged from 61.15 - 83.47 %. Oleic acid mostly contributed to the content of monounsaturated fatty acids, while the stearic acid was the most abundant saturated fatty acid (SFA). Among polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly ?-6 FAs, were the most represented. The tested grape seed flours had the high UFA/SFA ratio (3.63- 11.09), low atherogenicity (0.04-0.13) and thrombogenicity (0.16-0.47) indices. Fifteen different sugars were found in analysed samples with the total concentration ranging from 40588 to 91319 mg/kg seed with fructose and glucose as the most abundant. Principal component analysis based on the content of FAs and soluble sugars revealed unique composition of the seed flour of Prokupac variety. These findings indicate that the tested grape seed flours is a good source of nutritionally valuable FAs and sugars that can play an important role in the formulation of a new functional food products.

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Mohd Nurazzi, N., A. Khalina, S. M. Sapuan, A. M. Dayang Laila, and M. Rahmah. "Curing behaviour of unsaturated polyester resin and interfacial shear stress of sugar palm fibre." JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 2650–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.11.2.2017.8.0242.

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Rabiczko, Joanna, and Marek Chmielewski. "New Route to Bicyclic Pyrazolidinones and Hydroxypyrrolidines from α,β-Unsaturated Sugar δ-Lactones." Journal of Organic Chemistry 64, no. 4 (February 1999): 1347–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo981491x.

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Nurazzi, N. Mohd, A. Khalina, S. M. Sapuan, R. A. Ilyas, S. Ayu Rafiqah, and Z. M. Hanafee. "Thermal properties of treated sugar palm yarn/glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composites." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9, no. 2 (March 2020): 1606–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.11.086.

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Pelyvás, István, Thisbe Lindhorst, and Joachim Thiem. "En route to thromboxane compounds from carbohydrates, I. Synthesis of the unsaturated sugar precursors." Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1990, no. 8 (August 13, 1990): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1990199001143.

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