Academic literature on the topic 'Unregulated extractions'

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Journal articles on the topic "Unregulated extractions"

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Laghari, A. N., D. Vanham, and W. Rauch. "The Indus basin in the framework of current and future water resources management." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 2, 2012): 1063–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1063-2012.

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Abstract. The Indus basin is one of the regions in the world that is faced with major challenges for its water sector, due to population growth, rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, environmental degradation, unregulated utilization of the resources, inefficient water use and poverty, all aggravated by climate change. The Indus Basin is shared by 4 countries – Pakistan, India, Afghanistan and China. With a current population of 237 million people which is projected to increase to 319 million in 2025 and 383 million in 2050, already today water resources are abstracted almost entirely (more than 95% for irrigation). Climate change will result in increased water availability in the short term. However in the long term water availability will decrease. Some current aspects in the basin need to be re-evaluated. During the past decades water abstractions – and especially groundwater extractions – have augmented continuously to support a rice-wheat system where rice is grown during the kharif (wet, summer) season (as well as sugar cane, cotton, maize and other crops) and wheat during the rabi (dry, winter) season. However, the sustainability of this system in its current form is questionable. Additional water for domestic and industrial purposes is required for the future and should be made available by a reduction in irrigation requirements. This paper gives a comprehensive listing and description of available options for current and future sustainable water resources management (WRM) within the basin. Sustainable WRM practices include both water supply management and water demand management options. Water supply management options include: (1) reservoir management as the basin is characterised by a strong seasonal behaviour in water availability (monsoon and meltwater) and water demands; (2) water quality conservation and investment in wastewater infrastructure; (3) the use of alternative water resources like the recycling of wastewater and desalination; (4) land use planning and soil conservation as well as flood management, with a focus on the reduction of erosion and resulting sedimentation as well as the restoration of ecosystem services like wetlands and natural floodplains. Water demand management options include: (1) the management of conjunctive use of surface and groundwater; as well as (2) the rehabilitation and modernization of existing infrastructure. Other demand management options are: (3) the increase of water productivity for agriculture; (4) crop planning and diversification including the critical assessment of agricultural export, especially (basmati) rice; (5) economic instruments and (6) changing food demand patterns and limiting post-harvest losses.
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McKay, S. F., and A. J. King. "Potential ecological effects of water extraction in small, unregulated streams." River Research and Applications 22, no. 9 (2006): 1023–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.958.

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Khair, Syed Muhammad, Shahbaz Mushtaq, Kate Reardon-Smith, and Jenny Ostini. "Diverse drivers of unsustainable groundwater extraction behaviour operate in an unregulated water scarce region." Journal of Environmental Management 236 (April 2019): 340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.077.

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Uy, John Rhen, Neil Dominic Careo, Dominick Llarena, and John Raymond Barajas. "Optimization of furfural extraction from Theobrama cacao wastes using response surface methodology." MATEC Web of Conferences 268 (2019): 06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926806010.

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Cacao farming in the Philippines is continually expanding due to an influx of government support and funding. Although a comprehensive development program was implemented, the large volume of cacao biomass waste generated annually remains underutilized. In an attempt to provide a means of reusing this waste, we test the extent to which furfural can be extracted from cacao pod wastes. A box-behnken experimental design was used to obtain the optimal conditions in the acid-catalyzed extraction of crude furfural. Extraction time (min), hydrochloric acid concentration (M), and amount of sodium chloride (g) were found to have a significant influence on the extraction yield of crude furfural. Actual values of these independent variables were chosen on the basis of preliminary experimental results. Optimum conditions using ridge analysis were found to be: extraction time 35.0 min, hydrochloric acid concentration 5.0 M, and amount of sodium chloride 7.0 g. Furfural extraction was also performed at optimum conditions to assess the validity of the empirical model. In conclusion, the high furfural extraction yield obtained in our experiments presents an opportunity to harness these unregulated wastes in producing high quality products.
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Iancu, Vasile Ion, Jana Petre, Toma Galaon, Gabriel Valentin Serban, Marcela Niculescu, Florentina Laura Chiriac, Roxana Elena Scutariu, Stefania Gheorghe, and Gabriel Lucian Radu. "LIQUID PHASE CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS APPLIED TO DETERMINE EMERGING CONTAMINANTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES." Romanian Journal of Ecology & Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/rjeec.2020.102.

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Emerging contaminants are a heterogeneous group of chemicals that include daily personal care products and pharmaceuticals (PPCPs), flame retardants, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and nanoparticles (NPs) present in environment which are unregulated. In this review, we present the methods of analysis conducted by INCD-ECOIND regarding some classes of emerging contaminants (neonicotinoid pesticides, beta-blocker drugs) that are not regulated by the legislation, in different types of environmental samples (wastewater, surface water). The present review presents the selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods used for isolation of the targeted compounds from aqueous matrices and also the main instrumental parameters of the separation and detection process. After extraction, the compounds were subjected to liquid phase chromatographic separation with mass spectrometric detection (UHPLC-MS/MS). Finally, the methods were applied in the determination of compounds from different categories of water, carrying out studies on the efficiency of elimination of compounds in several municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In addition, the impact of the treatment plants on some receiving surface water used to obtain drinking water was studied.
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Shrestha, Shobha. "The contested common pool resource: Ground water use in urban Kathmandu, Nepal." Geographical Journal of Nepal 10 (May 31, 2017): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gjn.v10i0.17396.

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Groundwater has always played a critical role in meeting the water demands of traditionally water-short areas of urban Kathmandu. Studies show that ground water level is depleting and is under immense pressure due to over-extraction.The current study focuses on existing situation of ground water availability and use in urban Kathmandu, conflicts among households for ground water use and changing social setting and policy implementation.The study found that the traditional culture of using public well and sharing and optimizing groundwater resource is gradually fading due to scarcity of water. Private deep wells are being constructed inside house for household use altering traditional social setting of a public well and culture of sharing public resource is declining. There is no authority and policy to control and monitor the ground water extraction for private use. The increasing number of groundwater extraction, uncontrolled and unregulated use for private and commercial use has contested the use of common pool resource and traditional social setting.The Geographical Journal of Nepal Vol. 10: 153-166, 2017
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LOAYZA-CABEZAS, SOPHIA, DANTE ARTURO RODRIGUEZ-TREJO, ELIZABETH HERNÁNDEZ-ACOSTA, and JUAN ALMARÁZ SUÁREZ. "EFFECT OF LIGHT, TEMPERATURE AND SCARIFICATION ON THE GERMINATIVE CAPACITY AND INITIAL GROWTH OF Myroxylon balsamum (L.) HARMS." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 2 (June 2018): 415–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n218rc.

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ABSTRACT Myroxylon balsamum is a valuable tropical tree; besides the good quality of its timber it also provides valuable nontimber forest products: balsam and resin. High deforestation rates in the area of distribution and the unregulated extraction of its resin and wood have led M. balsamum to be endangered or threatened. Its regeneration through seeds has been poorly studied, and there are no reports of germination and plasticity under controlled conditions. We evaluated the effect of scarification (longitudinal cut of the fruit and embryo fully exposed) and environmental factors (different levels of light intensities and changing temperatures) on seed germination and the development of seedlings. From the aforementioned, M. balsamum seeds are orthodox and show physical dormancy. In view of these characteristics, M. balsamum can be managed efficiently to initiate conservation programs and restoration in degraded land.
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BIEDERMANN, REINHARD. "China’s Raw Materials Diplomacy and Governance Cycle: Toward Sustainable Mining and Resource Extraction?" Issues & Studies 54, no. 04 (December 2018): 1840009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s101325111840009x.

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China’s raw materials diplomacy and unregulated purchasing of minerals in Africa and Latin America, as well as its domestic raw materials export quota, have for years been eyed with suspicion by state and private actors. Industrialized countries want to uphold and extend free market access to raw materials, but also strengthen their political accountability and sustainability. However, critics argue that in contrast, China, the world’s largest metals and minerals trading power, has taken the opposite course, ignoring social and environmental standards, reinforcing authoritarian governments, and erecting trade barriers. China is faced with several interrelated challenges in its resource diplomacy and governance. This article claims that an identifiable, chronological connection and pattern has existed between China’s aid and investment diplomacy for resources since the late 1990s, free trade agreements since the 2000s, Beijing’s resource nationalism since the 2010s, and the reform process of national and privately organized transnational governance toward sustainability in the present day. Is China socializing with emerging transnational standards on mining and resource extraction in the developing world, and if so, why? This article argues that China’s raw materials governance, including corporate governance, has entered a phase of reform to pacify the external environment and to implement the Belt and Road Initiative. In theoretical terms, China’s raw materials governance will continue to emphasize neoliberal and neo-mercantilist goals, cushioned by globalist features.
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Zamora, Hector A., Christopher J. Eastoe, Benjamin T. Wilder, Jennifer C. McIntosh, Thomas Meixner, and Karl W. Flessa. "Groundwater Isotopes in the Sonoyta River Watershed, USA-Mexico: Implications for Recharge Sources and Management of the Quitobaquito Springs." Water 12, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 3307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123307.

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Groundwater resources in the southwestern United States are finite and riparian and wetland areas are vulnerable to aquifer overdraft and unregulated groundwater use. Environmental isotopes and water chemistry were used to distinguish water types, recharge mechanisms, and residence time along several reaches of the Sonoyta River and Quitobaquito Springs located near the U.S.-Mexico border. Areas located upgradient from the Sonoyta River, such as the Puerto Blanco Mountains and La Abra Plain, are supported by local recharge which corresponds to water from the largest 30% of rain events mainly occurring during winter. For Quitobaquito Springs, the δ18O and δ2H values are too low to be derived from local recharge. Stable isotope data and Cl/SO4 mass ratios indicate that the Sonoyta River supplied Quitobaquito Springs through flow along a suggested fault system. Based on these results, Quitobaquito Springs flow could be diminished by any activity resulting in increased groundwater extraction and lowering of water elevations in the Sonoyta River regional aquifer.
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Flanagan, Frances. "Symposium on work in the ‘gig’ economy: Introduction." Economic and Labour Relations Review 28, no. 3 (August 2, 2017): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304617724302.

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This introduction overviews four approaches to theoretical and empirical research on the ‘gig’ economy, framing them within the concept of the ‘fissuring of the workplace’. It outlines arguments that ‘gig’ or digital work is not a new phenomenon but a resurgence of older, unregulated labour extraction methods and outlines the need for a more nuanced way of measuring the dimensions of job insecurity and their corrosive effects. In foreshadowing potential policy approaches to addressing the regulatory deficit surrounding gig economy work, it argues for an eclectic approach to using and strengthening legislation designed to safeguard the rights of consumers and providers of services, including contractors, and regardless of employment status. Finally, it foreshadows a study of how a successful union movement respond to the gig economy – negotiation with a digital platform to bring advertised hourly pay rates into line with the minima set within the industrial relations system for employment in the relevant industries.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Unregulated extractions"

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Biskup, Michal. "Parní turbína pro malý jaderný zdroj." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443174.

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This master´s thesis deals with the design of a steam turbine for a small nuclear power plant with a power of 50 MWe. In the first part of the work is proposed thermal and mass balance. The turbine has seven unregulated steam extractions, which are divided: two are for high-pressure feedwater heater, four are for low-pressure condensate heater and one is for degassing. The next chapter deals with the calculation of the regulation stage which is designed like an A-wheel and here is also strength control. Then, a pre-design and a detailed design of the stage part with the reaction blading. The stage part is consisted of eight cones with a total number of 27 stages. In the following chapters, is calculated the compensating piston, seals system and bearings. In the end, is made the consumption diagram. Part of the work is a conceptual drawing of a steam turbine section. The resulting steam turbine has a power output 50,197 MW and an internal thermodynamic efficiency of 73,9 %.
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Filip, Patrik. "CFD simulace proudění páry v neregulovaném odběru parní turbíny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318771.

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Diploma thesis named CFD simulation of the steam flow in the unregulated extraction of the steam turbine is about an analysis of the balance piston impact on the area of the steam turbine, where the extraction is located. First part describes basic knowledge of the steam turbine in general. At the end of this chapter, there is a description of the solved steam turbine. Next chapter is about introduction to the CFD. Practical part deals with a construction of 3D models, meshing and setting of the boundary conditions in the program ANSYS CFX. The main part of this thesis summarizes the results of the CFD simulation and stipulates the temperature range on the extraction pipe. In conclusion, there is a recommendation how to determine design temperature of the extraction pipe influenced by the balance piston.
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Conference papers on the topic "Unregulated extractions"

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"Hydro-ecological modelling to establish sustainable extraction limits in unregulated catchments." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.i12.savadamuthu.

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