Academic literature on the topic 'Unorthodox health behaviours'

You Don't Get Me: Public Responses to Mood and Behaviour Monitoring Wearable Technology Wearable technology that can monitor mood, behaviour and relationships can be beneficial for researchers who are looking for a unique, unorthodox approach to gathering opinions on mental health, relationships and the way we feel. Professor Rebecca Pearson, being very interested in community feedback, wants to explain how parenting interventions can prevent some mental disorders by observing how members of the public can give a precise view of what could be more effective ways to address the other questions about mental health. She explains that a vital part of her research is being understood, as being understood has a lot to do with acceptance and being accepted. Often, those with mental disorders do not feel understood because other people cannot comprehend why they act in a certain way. This research paves the way to understanding how we can efficiently monitor our behaviours and moods to better understand one another, and ourselves.

Abstract Introduction Open electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) systems are customizable by consumers and often allow for potential “unorthodox” use of the product; that is, use not as intended by the manufacturer. Little is known about the types and prevalence of unorthodox uses and how these practices are transmitted via popular social media. Methods Monthly searches of YouTube were conducted from June through November 2016 using the following search terms: “e-cigarettes,” “vaping,” and “e-juice.” After collecting static and dynamic data on the 150 videos identified, two coders independently coded videos for general information, unorthodox use behaviors, health claims, and production quality and characteristics for orthodox and unorthodox use. Intercoder reliability was high (Cohen’s κ 0.81, p < .001). Results One hundred fifty videos were included in the study with a total of 115 551 563 views. We identified nine categories of unorthodox uses of e-cigarettes. Unorthodox use was three times as prevalent as orthodox use. Seventy-seven percent of the unorthodox use videos included recreational e-cigarette use, 57% included modification of mechanical parts and components, and 44.6% included unorthodox substance application (dripping). There were more than twice as many social media links in videos depicting unorthodox compared to orthodox use, but the level of engagement was lower for unorthodox use. Conclusions E-cigarette unorthodox use on YouTube is more prevalent than orthodox use, suggesting the need to further investigate the prevalence of unorthodox use among e-cigarette users and the influence of social media on consumer uptake of unorthodox and orthodox uses of e-cigarettes. Implications The US Food and Drug Administration has regulatory authority over e-cigarettes, parts and components. Many e-cigarettes currently marketed are open systems. Closed systems may allow less manipulation and may influence the safety of these products. This study provides valuable information on ways that open system e-cigarettes are used and it can inform safety tests that can be conducted by the US Food and Drug Administration to determine whether or not these products should remain on the market. In addition, our definitions of unorthodox use can be incorporated into the Population Assessment of Tobacco on Health Study to better understand the prevalence of these behaviors.

The death of Peter Crowcroft, a native Australian and one of the founders of the Australian Mammal Society, on 10 August 1996 marks the end of a remarkable career. Peter was a mammologist, ecologist, ethologist, and above all a scholar. His unorthodox professional life spanned three continents, and encompassed full doses of research, administration, public service, and education. To all of these endeavours he brought competence, ingenuity, selflessness, vigour, and humor. His was a life about which there can be few regrets, except that it ended too soon. Bone marrow cancer caused an unexpected and precipitous decline in his health only a few months before his death.

Introduction This study investigates the oral health-seeking behaviour of households and its influence on demand for dental caries treatment services in Enugu state Nigeria. Methods A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study was used to explore the oral health seeking pattern of 378 urban and 348 rural household respondents in Enugu state Nigeria. The study explored dental caries treatment-seeking, oral health behavior of respondents using the three dynamics of the Andersen and Newman health utilization model; predisposing, enabling and need factors. Findings Recommendations from community members (48.9%), severity of disease (22.1%), and cost of treatment (19.4%) all influenced where oral healthcare was first sought. Gender and type of occupation, influenced positive oral health-seeking behavior (p<0.05). The least poor socioeconomic status (SES) group, sought dental treatment in the private dental clinics, while the very poor and most poor SES groups used traditional healers, home treatment and patent medicine dealers more. Dental fillings and extractions were generally the most accessed treatment options for dental caries. The tendency for all the SES groups (especially the least poor), to choose tooth extraction more as a treatment option for dental caries was influenced by the oral health awareness level of respondents and the cost of dental fillings. (p<0.05). Conclusion The findings suggest that interventions to create increased oral health awareness targeted at education on preventive strategies, appropriate time and place to seek oral health care and dental caries treatment, as well devising and implementing health financing options such as dental insurance would enable individuals to seek appropriate treatment for dental caries on time. In addition, it will reduce the proportion of people visiting unorthodox healthcare providers for their oral health problems or choosing cheaper but inappropriate treatment options.

ABSTRACTStan Wood was an exceptional fossil collector who, over a collecting career of more than 40 years, provided British palaeontology with an abundance and variety of new Carboniferous fossils, the like of which had not been collected since Victorian times. So, what made him a great collector? Here, with the help of Stan's family, his friends and colleagues, we try to provide the answer. There is no single factor that stands out, but a complex mixture of innate and learned behaviours that together produced a unique talent. Although he acquired an Open University degree in geology, Stan was largely self-taught as a collector and, in doing so, became an accomplished and confident field geologist. He was naturally curious, persistent and very observant, with a photographic memory. He was tough, very strong and enjoyed hard physical work. He was congenial, unorthodox and a calculated risk taker. He asked questions, tested ideas and had a healthy disregard for authority. He was systematic, kept detailed records and shared his discoveries. He not only loved collecting fossils but, in the process, discovered in himself the essential qualities of a true scientist.

Infantile colic is a self-limiting condition that occurs in infants. It is a common disturbance occurring in the first three months of life but is generally harmless. The exact aetiology is unknown, but it is associated with a vicious cycle of the infant crying and swallowing of air. Mothers use a number of methods to relieve their infants from this condition. However, there is limited evidence that support the use of complementary and alternative treatments (such as herbal supplements, and a manipulative approach) or behavioural interventions. The impetus of this paper is thus to explore local or alternative methods of the management of infantile colic. A scoping review of existing literature was done to assess all research on local practices of infantile colic management by nurses and doctors in developed countries and work carried out in Africa. This was done to identify what has been done and to identify any gaps in research. The majority of the studies reviewed revealed positive effects of unorthodox or local methods in managing infantile colic although some cause complications for the infants. There are very few published articles on this subject and methods used. The researchers, therefore, recommend more controlled trials to test the effectiveness of the different local substances used to manage infantile colic.

There are many people who choose alternative or unorthodox healthcare options that are not based on the best available evidence for efficacy and effectiveness. There has been a rejection of vaccination by sections of the population leading to suboptimal rates of vaccination, and increased rates of infectious diseases such as measles. Complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) are also increasingly popular, despite the scarcity of clinical evidence for the efficacy and safety of many of these therapies. The goal of this thesis is to explore unorthodox worldviews that predict vaccine scepticism and use of CAM in order to inform the future development of persuasive strategies to encourage participation in vaccination programs, and evidence-based healthcare. In this thesis the underpinnings of vaccine scepticism and CAM use have been explored through the different traditions of individual differences (inclusive of personality, attitudes, and beliefs), socio-demographics, and emotional reactions. Four studies were undertaken to achieve this goal including (1) the development of a standardised measure of CAM utilisation using data from an archived population survey of Australian adults; (2) an investigation of explanatory factors, including personality (openness to experience), cognitive style, and a range of unorthodox beliefs, for the relationship between CAM use and vaccination scepticism, using an archived population survey of Australian adults; (3) an examination of associations between geographic or area-level socio-demographic factors and uptake of vaccination among 5-year old children throughout Australia, using a public health focused ecological methodology, and (4) conducting an online priming experiment, to assess whether increasing the salience of concepts of contamination and purity will produce changes in reactions to a range of health interventions, including vaccination and CAM. Following are the key findings. The first study developed a brief, summative questionnaire measure of CAM utilisation called the R-I-CAM-Q, to address a gap in previous research which was lacking a psychometrically sound, and quantitative measure of CAM utilisation. The main findings of the second study, a cross-sectional survey, were that positive attitudes to CAMs, rather than use of CAMs, best predict vaccination attitudes; and that negative attitudes to vaccination and positive attitudes to CAMs both correlate with the presumed antecedents of magical beliefs about health. The geographic/area-based study revealed that communities with lower rates of vaccination had relatively less disadvantage, and had relatively greater education and occupational status, suggesting that privilege puts people at risk. The priming experiment showed no experimental effect of priming for contamination or purity/naturalness. Nevertheless, higher levels of sensitivity to disgust were associated with lower ratings of the effectiveness of MMR vaccination, tetanus injection, antibiotics, and surgery. These studies identify the psychological, social, cultural, and emotional characteristics of those who have unorthodox health beliefs and behaviours. Knowledge that can directly inform the future development of tailored and persuasive health promotion strategies and campaigns which encourage evidence-based healthcare choices, particularly uptake of vaccination.

This chapter focuses on how Elizabeth Stuart became the poor widow that she had always pretended to be. Her behaviour became less antagonistic, and it was not long before friend and enemy alike began to take advantage of the newly conciliatory exiled queen. Archbishop Laud, a man who might reasonably be placed in both camps, saw an opportunity to assert control over the religious proclivities of English expatriates in the United Provinces. Laud was particularly concerned with English Puritan practices in the United Provinces because their relentless unorthodoxy undermined his authority in a very visible manner, and did so very close to home. Laud reasoned that if he could gain control over Elizabeth's chaplain, he could influence the religious practices of a few hundred men and women in The Hague, and perhaps bring them back into the Anglican Church. As Archbishop of Canterbury, Laud was able to promote people out of harm's way, and so in 1638 he removed Elizabeth's chaplain of twelve years, Doctor Griffin Higgs, by making him Dean of Lichfield. Laud no doubt rejoiced at the thought that he had managed to influence Elizabeth's courtly personnel and thereby the services at the English Church at The Hague.