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Journal articles on the topic 'Unorganized workers'
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1
Panda, Mandakini. "WOMEN WORKERS IN THE UNORGANISED SECTOR: A HUMAN RIGHT PERSPECTIVE." SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR HUMANITY SCIENCE AND ENGLISH LANGUAGE 10, no. 50 (April 1, 2022): 12369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21922/srjhsel.v10i50.10161.
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Human rights are recognized as inalienable rights to be realized by all human beings. Therefore it is necessary to understand how the unorganized workers generally, and women workers in particular, who are regarded as most vulnerable section of India's human resources, realize their human rights. Unorganised Sectors in India are contributing immensely towards economic growth, however the same is not recognised due to lack of statistical information and lack of proper mechanisms to collect the same. Equally a huge number of people are depended on workers working in unorganised sectors, but the same is also not recognised. The ILO report on "More and Better Job for Women — An Action Guide" states that more than 45% women all over the world in the age group of 15 to 64 are contributing to the economy in a significant way'. The unorganized sector is too vast to remain within the confines of any conceptual definition. Hence, descriptive means are used to identify the unorganized sector. Its main feature can be identified through the sector and process where unorganized labour is used. Despite existence of labour laws, the workers in this sector do not get social security and other benefits for various reasons and there is hardly any trade union or constitutional mechanism to fight for them. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the human rights of women workers of the unorganized sector.
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Prajakta Subhash Bhadgaonkar. "Mental health and anxiety among unorganized sector labour." International Journal of Science and Research Archive 8, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.8.1.0040.
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Background: National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) in 2009–10, the total employment in the country was of 46.5 crore comprising around 2.8 crore in the organised and the remaining 43.7 crore workers in the unorganised sector. Out of these workers in the unorganised sector, there are 24.6 crore workers employed in agricultural sector, about 4.4 crore in construction work and remaining in manufacturing and service. The unorganized labour is overwhelming in terms of its number range and therefore they are omnipresent throughout India. As the unorganized sector suffers from cycles of excessive seasonality of employment, majority of the unorganized workers does not have stable durable avenues of employment. Even those who appear to be visibly employed are not gainfully and substantially employed, indicating the existence of disguised unemployment. Though unorganized sectors contribute substantially to the country’s growth, the status of labour force remains unchanged. In developing and over populated countries like India persons working in unorganized sector are at high risk of job insecurities. As per the India labour Market Update, July 2016, the Construction sector has been the main creator of job. Objectives: to study the mental health of labour in unorganized sector and anxiety among them. Methods: This study is conducted at construction sites in City of Pune, Maharashtra, India. This study included 110 randomly selected construction site labours (62 males and 48 females). For data collection researcher used Sinhas’s Comprehensive Anxiety Inventory (SCAT) and Mental Health Checklist (MHC) by Kumar (1992). Results: The findings of the study suggest that there lies significant difference in anxiety and mental health of male and female labour as well. It was further concluded that there lies a high correlation between anxiety and mental health of labour in unorganized sector. Conclusions: The study shows that the work in organized sector contribute moderate to high level of anxiety amongst the labour. There must be a management policy with reference to mental as well as physical health of these workers. It should take into consideration the issues concerned with in time assessment and treatment as well as rehabilitation. Work stress can be prevented by the techniques of human engineering, by designing the work environment effectively. The work environment and working conditions has to be developed in a very sensitive and responsive management system.
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Pandey, Mukesh Kumar, and Pooja Gupta*. "Problems of Unorganized Workers." Humanities and Development 17, no. 2 (December 8, 2022): 126–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.61410/had.v17i2.84.
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Despite their significant contribution to the economy, only 6 % of unorganized workers avail any type of social security support. The growth of real wages of casual workers has also been relatively slow in the post-reform period. The workers of the unorganized sectors are the worst affected in the event of any kind of crisis. The fundamental socio-economic rights of domestic migrant workers were adversely affected during the lockdown, but the state response was not up to the expectation. Despite expansion in policy and programmes, India`s wage and social security system is quite vulnerable to unorganized workers. The people of our country know how to arrange the means of subsistence on their own, but if they get adequate government sponsored social assistance easily at the right time, then the difficulties related to their life will be greatly reduced.
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Aggarwal, Himani, Hima Gupta, and Jhumur Sengupta. "Conditions of Unorganized Manufacturing Industries with Special Reference to MSMEs: A Field Study in Uttar Pradesh." Global Business Review 18, no. 6 (August 8, 2017): 1597–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713048.
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The study sets out to compare the three types of unorganized manufacturing units in India. These three enterprises are: own account manufacturing enterprises (OAMEs), it is the one which runs without any hired worker employed on a fairly regular basis and is engaged in manufacturing and/or repairing activities (with family labour only); non-directory manufacturing establishments (NDMEs), it is an establishment employing less than six workers (household and hired workers taken together) and is engaged in manufacturing activities; and directory manufacturing establishments (DMEs), it is the one which has employed six or more workers (household and hired workers taken together) and is engaged in manufacturing activities. The parameters for comparison are number of units, number of workers, wages, input, output and gross value added (GVA). The field survey of 500 unorganized manufacturing units has been conducted based on seven major manufacturing industries. Target respondents are the owners of the unorganized manufacturing units in Ghaziabad and Noida. An attempt is also made to measure the effect of labour market in unorganized manufacturing sector on its performance. Most of the studies on unorganized sector are based on the secondary data collected from National Sample Survey Organization. But this study is based on primary data collected with a help of structured questionnaire. The findings of the study help in determining the condition of these enterprises and lay down the idea which enterprise is relatively ahead and which is back with regard to various parameters. Independent sample t-test and multiple regression have also been conducted.
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S, Prof Rajesh. "Health Care Facilities for Unorganised Sectors - Beedi, Cine, and Non-Coal Mine Workers: A Comprehensive Sociological Overview." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 13, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30357.
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This paper provides an in-depth review of healthcare facilities for unorganized sector workers in general and particularly in India. It also looks into the systemic lapse ealier in all governments across the globe and a serious and administrative, logistical support now being provided to the unorganised workers in India, particularly focusing on beedi workers, cine industry employees, and non-coal mine workers. Based on a systematic review of existing literature and analysis of dispensary-wise patient data from February 2024, sourced from the Directorate General of Labour Welfare, the study illuminates the disparities in healthcare access and quality across different states. The data includes a detailed breakdown of patient visits across 206 dispensaries, highlighting the heavier reliance on static (on-site) healthcare services compared to mobile services, with notable variations among states such as Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. This quantitative analysis is graphically represented through charts that depict the distribution of healthcare services and the socio-economic factors influencing healthcare utilization in these sectors. Through critical evaluation of literature the review explores the necessity for more inclusive health insurance schemes and enhanced private sector involvement to mitigate the healthcare challenges faced by these workers. The findings suggest a significant gap in the provision and utilization of healthcare, influenced by logistical, financial, and informational barriers. Recommendations include the implementation of targeted health interventions, expansion of mobile health units, and the development of comprehensive health insurance models that cater specifically to the needs of the unorganized sectors. The study contributes to the broader goal of achieving health equity and improving socio-economic outcomes for these essential yet vulnerable segments of the workforce. Keywords: Unorganized sectors, healthcare accessibility, data analysis, health disparities, beedi workers, cine workers, non-coal mine workers, India, health policy, empirical research.
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M L, Hefsiba Joseph. "Role of Artificial Intelligence in Transforming Work Engagement on Unorganised Sector." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 12 (December 31, 2023): 2129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.57811.
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Abstract: Technological advancement made a tremendous change among the workers. In India majority of the workers were in unorganized or in the informal sector. While considering our traditional economic system, these workers were considered as the margin of the economy. But artificial intelligence (AI) have the possibility to take these workers to the mainstream of the economy. Even these changes happen but still some of the people were also under the disparity to access these technologies effectively. If they use artificial intelligence (AI) at its full potential these workers can increase their productivity to a great extent. Work engagement means a person’s emotional attachment to his work; because he believes that his action can make changes in the current scenario. A highly engaged worker is considered an asset to the organization. By utilizing the possibilities of AI the workers in the unorganized sector can also create new trends of jobs. Even though these changes happened, some of the workers were struggling to adapt to these changes. This study mainly focused on how these issues can be solved through work engagement, how to increase the number of workers, and how to get them into the mainstream of the economy. The study primarily focused on the relationship between work engagement and the adoption of AI technology in the unorganized sector.
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Ashifa, K. M., and M. Sharmila Devi. "WELFARE AND SAFETY INDICATORS FOR WOMEN WASTE PICKERS IN RAJAPALYAM MUNICIPALITY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 9(SE) (September 30, 2017): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i9(se).2017.2253.
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In India substantial people working in unorganized sectors as unorganized workers; transitional nature of the Indian economy, disparity in education, skill and training are some of the major factors abetting such a large concentration of workers in an area most vulnerable to exogenous economic vicissitudes. Women working in the unorganized sector deserve a separate mention as they are much marginalized (Khan, 2013). The present study is focused on women workers in unorganized sector especially the waste picking workers of Rajapalayam municipality. They are working in unprotected are in grave danger of contacting countless diseases through their daily and close contact with human waste. Some of these diseases, in addition to TB, include: campylobacter infection, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and hand, and foot and mouth disease, hepatitis. According to Factories Act 1948 under section 21 to 50, the organization has to provide welfare and safety measures to protect its workers. The study tried to analyses the implementation of these welfare and safety measures among women pickers in study area. And it found that level of implementation of these measures is relatively poor. The study suggested to conduct weekly health check -up, recreation activities, counselling services, motivation trainings and awareness campaigns. Government intervention with the support of non- profit organization is to be very essential improve the quality of work life of women in unorganized sector, evidenced by the present study.
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Singh, Preeti. "WORKING CONDITION OF UNORGANIZED WORKERS IN INDIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 1020–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/10719.
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Gayathri, Dr R. "Social Status of Women Working in Unorganised Sector and It Impact on Living Condition." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46684.
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Abstract: Unorganised sector has a significant place' in the labour market of most developing economies. Pre dominance of poverty among women is associated with a concentration of women in the informal sectors like handlooms, handicrafts, weaving, fisheries, construction, agriculture and domestic help, putting them outside the traditional covers. Women in unorganised sector have to work up to their old age for their better survival. Women has to work to support their family in spite of the Marital status. Working and living condition are inseparable for the women working in the unorganised sector. Improvements in working condition are very much required for the women workers of the unorganized sector. The present study is broadly based on a primary survey of about 200 individuals/ women working in the unorganised sector, at Pollachi Taluk.
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K., Vidyarani. "An Analysis of the Growth of the Unorganised Enterprises in Kerala." SEDME (Small Enterprises Development, Management & Extension Journal): A worldwide window on MSME Studies 48, no. 4 (December 2021): 394–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09708464221078066.
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This article examines the structure and growth of the unorganised enterprises in Kerala. We analyse the growth of the sector by different industry category in terms of different indicators such as number of units, employment, gross value added (GVA). The article also explores the employment elasticity and the labour productivity of the unorganised enterprises in Kerala. And finally, it also touches upon the relief packages offered by the government to revive the unorganized enterprises during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis, based on the NSSO survey on unincorporated non-agricultural enterprises in India, carried out for the period 2010–2011 to 2015–2016 reveals that the unorganised enterprises have been increasing considerably in terms of number of enterprises, number of workers engaged, and in GVA in Kerala.
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Chakraborty, Apurba. "Unorganised Labour Migration in India with Special Reference to Changing Pattern of Socio-Economic Conditions in Colonial Epoch." International Journal of Advances in Management and Economics 8, no. 5 (August 30, 2019): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31270/ijame/v08/i05/2019/7.
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Unorganised labours in India are classified in different clusters. Historian, social scientists and economists mainly have followed that the majority portion of the Unorganised working people are migrating permanently or temporarily inter-state, inter-district, within districts during a specific time of the year searching better opportunities. Various Acts for the benefit of workers of the organized sectors has been introduced time to time by the Government but unfortunately large populations of the working community who are belonging to the unorganized sectors have not come to the focus in true sense light of the Acts in the context of socio-economic conditions. Keywords: Informal Sector Migrated Labour, Marginal Labour, Bonded Labour, Social Security Act, Landless Labour, Seasonal Labour.
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MITRA, ARUP, and AVIRAL PANDEY. "UNORGANIZED SECTOR IN INDIA: EMPLOYMENT ELASTICITY AND WAGE-PRODUCTIVITY NEXUS." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 18, no. 04 (December 2013): 1350028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946713500283.
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In India the formal, or organized, sector is not able to generate employment opportunities for the unskilled or semi-skilled workers on a large scale, forcing them to get residually absorbed in the unorganized sector. At the same time, the unorganized sector is believed to have work consignments from the organized sector and this ancillarization process is contributing to employment creation. In the backdrop of these views the present study, using the unit level data of the National Sample Survey (NSS, 2010-11), makes an attempt to estimate the employment elasticity and wage-productivity nexus in the unorganized sector. Although the employment function estimated in the paper suggests employment can be raised through wage reduction, it can affect the wellbeing of the workers because the wage rate in the unorganized sector is already very low. Further, subcontracting or ancillarization does not seem to be contributing to employment generation in unorganized manufacturing or trade related activities. However, in the services sector it shows a positive impact. The equation representing determinants of wages shows units with assets are better-off compared to those that do not have them. This has an important policy implication, suggesting that through asset creation, government may bring in improvements in livelihood of the unorganized sector enterprises.
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Kumar, Ranjith, and Ramya M. "Social Security for Women Workers in Unorganized Sector: A Study." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-2 (February 28, 2019): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd20302.
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Robinson, Ian. "What Explains Unorganized Workers' Growing Demand for Unions?" Labor Studies Journal 33, no. 3 (January 11, 2008): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x07303859.
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Tailby, Stephanie, and Anna Pollert. "Non-unionized young workers and organizing the unorganized." Economic and Industrial Democracy 32, no. 3 (April 6, 2011): 499–522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x10388532.
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Vaishnav, Lokesh, Abhay Mudey, and Vatsala Gupta. "Organizing the Unorganized: A Long Road Home for India’s Road-Makers." Central India Journal of Medical Research 3, no. 01 (April 19, 2024): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.58999/cijmr.v3i01.152.
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A team from the Department of Community Medicine observed and photographed the dwelling of a road construction worker’s family residing in a temporary house near a construction site (1). This photographic panel sheds light on the plight of the unorganized sector of migrant workers in India. Working for the bare minimum wages with the uncertainty of stable employment, they suffer from various issues,
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Kumar, J. Suresh, and D. Shobana. "Evaluating the Implementation and Outcomes of the PMSYM Pension Scheme for Unorganized Sector Workers in India." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v12i1.6841.
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The Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PMSYM) pension scheme was introduced in India with the objective of providing financial security to unorganized sector workers during their retirement years. This study aims to evaluate the implementation and outcomes of the PMSYM scheme, focusing on its effectiveness in reaching and benefiting the target population. The quantitative analysis examines the extent of coverage, enrollment rates, and demographic characteristics of PMSYM beneficiaries. It also assesses the financial sustainability and administrative efficiency of the scheme. Additionally, the study investigates the impact of PMSYM on the income security and overall well-being of unorganized sector workers by analyzing the socioeconomic status of beneficiaries before and after enrollment. The qualitative component of the research explores the experiences and perceptions of PMSYM beneficiaries, shedding light on factors influencing enrollment decisions, challenges faced in accessing the scheme, and the perceived adequacy of pension benefits. The findings of this study contribute to the ongoing discourse on social security measures in India, specifically targeting the unorganized sector. By critically evaluating the PMSYM scheme, the research aims to provide actionable insights for policymakers, suggesting improvements in the scheme’s design, outreach strategies, and overall effectiveness. Ultimately, this evaluation seeks to inform evidence-based policy decisions that enhance the well-being of unorganized sector workers and strengthen the social security landscape in India.
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Tripathy, Tridibesh, and Anjali Tripathy. "Situation of Brick Klins in eastern UP - A case study of three Brick Klins." Cross Current International Journal of Medical and Biosciences 2, no. 8 (August 20, 2020): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36344/ccijmb.2020.v02i08.002.
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The article is regarding the development of a project proposal of Purvanchal Gramin Seva Samiti (PGSS), Gorakhpur - a Diocesan partner of Catholic Relief Services (CRS), State Office, Lucknow on interventions in brick kilns of eastern UP. The Ministry of Labour, Government of India has categorized the unorganized labour force under four groups viz. occupation, nature of employment, especially distressed categories & service categories. Workers in brick klins come under the terms of occupation category under the unorganized sector in India (GoI, 2008). The unorganized sector plays a significant role in the economy in terms of employment opportunities & poverty alleviation. The sector has a crucial role in our economy in terms of employment & its contribution to the ‘National Domestic Product (NDP), savings & capital formation. (Vikkraman, P, Basakaran, S, May, 2009). The case study brings out the reality of the workers of brick klins, their vulnerability, social insecurity, potential health risks, migration issues & the hazardous atmosphere that they thrive in their day-to-day lives. Thus, one can gauge the importance of the enactment of various acts related to the unorganized sector, social welfare schemes for this sector & the role of Non-Government Organizations for the welfare of the sector.
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Sangamithra, A., and T. Athira. "Work-Based Health Problems of Unorganized Women Workers in Coimbatore." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 8, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v8i3.3532.
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Female workers have to perform a double role in their workplace with harsh and unsafe working conditions, and also they have to manage their home. However, this female sector of our society is deprived when compared to the male sector. In the unorganized sector alone, 96 percent of women are working, and they are working in a very risky and harsh working conditions. There is no proper wage, sanitation, ventilation, and medical facilities, and facing exploitation too. Conversely, such livelihood is lower among those who are part of nuclear families, belonged to backward castes, have higher education, and earning higher monthly incomes. There should be adequate legislation and effective enforcement of the law to protect the unorganized women workers from hazardous and unhealthy working conditions. Occupational safety must be ensured by the employer, trade unions, and the government as well.
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Cho, Hyorae. "Civil Society Organizations’ Strategies for Interests Representation and Organizing of Unorganized Workers in Gyeongsangnam-do Province." Korean Association of Regional Sociology 23, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 83–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.35175/krs.2022.23.2.83.
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This study examines how civil society organizations(CSOs) in Gyeongsangnam-do Province have pursued the strategies for improving labor rights and organizing of unorganized workers, focusing on their relationship with labor unions, central and local governments.
Many civil society organizations(CSOs) in local community have focused on counseling services, research and campaigns for vulnerable workers. Many CSOs working for labor rights in local community have been established after institutionalization of labor union system and IMF economic crisis in the late 1990s.
They have tried to make the best use of ‘political opportunities’ of democratization and expansion of local self-government for solving the difficulties of vulnerable workers in local community. Whereas the CSOs have their roots in the union struggles have focused on expanding working class solidarity in cooperation with labor unions, the CSOs are based on local community have tried to empower and organize vulnerable workers by means of employment services which have been supported by central and local governments.
Organizing of vulnerable workers by CSOs has various forms including a new general union outside the established union system, a workers’ cooperative, a mutual aid organization, and an immigrant workers’ organization. Now, they are faced with some difficulties of reproduction of leadership and financial stability of CSOs. Also, they should keep a balance between members participation and vulnerable worker-centered business in their organizational objectives
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Remya B, Ms, and Dr Dhanya M. "SOCIO ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF WOMEN WORKERS IN UNORGANISED SECTOR: A STUDY OF SALES WOMEN IN TEXTILE SHOPS IN THIRUVANANTHAPURAM CORPORATION." International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 09, no. 04 (2024): 1102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2024.v09i04.015.
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The unorganized sector is a significant and influential component of many economies around the world. Unorganized sector provides income and employment opportunities to the people. A large number of women from weaker sections of the society are attracted to this sector. Despite its importance, the unorganized sector also faces challenges such as lack of legal protections for workers, vulnerability to exploitation, limited access to formal financial services, and barriers to growth and formalization. The socio-economic conditions of women in the textile shops can vary depending on factors such as geographic location, the specific segment of the textile shops, and local regulations. The present study focused on the socio-economic conditions of women in textile shops in Kerala.
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Singh, Dr Sukhwinder. "Women Workers In Unorganized Sector: A Study Of Patiala City." Journal of Women Empowerment and Studies, no. 21 (December 23, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jwes.21.14.20.
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The term 'unorganised' is frequently used in the Indian context to refer to the large number of women and men working in various occupations. Home-based work (e.g., rolling papads and beedis), self-employment (e.g., selling vegetables), employment in household enterprises, small units, on land as agricultural workers, labour on construction sites and domestic work. The present study was designed with objective to identify the problem that women face as unorganised labour and to bring to light the plight of female workers in India. For this purpose 100 women stone crushers between the age range of 15 and 50 were selected from Patiala district. A self designed interview schedule was used to collect data and it was found that majority of the women are working in pathetic conditions and have low work satisfaction. They are not even allowed to take their decisions and are not aware of any help groups for their rights.
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Mehta, Prayag. "Welfare of unorganized workers: The case of central welfare organization." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 10, no. 3 (July 1985): 279–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919850307.
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Statutory funds have been created in India to provide welfare facilities with a view to improve the quality of life of unorganized and scattered workers like those in.mica, iron ore, and manganese ore mines and the beedi industry. These funds are administered by country-wide welfare organizations with several zonal offices. The paper presents case studies of organization and management of sectoral programmes like health, water supply, housing, and education. These suggest a mis-match between the structure and administrative practices and the goals of the programme~ The welfare activities were also not in accordance with the national health policy. The study suggests the need for organizational changes, bureaucratic reorientation, training of personnel, and changes in the approach and content of the various welfare programmes.
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Adak, Pinaki, Rituparna Ghoshal, and Navneet Kumar. "Ocular morbidity patterns among metal workers from an unorganized sector: A cross-sectional study." Biomedicine 43, no. 6 (January 28, 2024): 1832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v43i6.3448.
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Introduction and Aim: The metal working process has many hazards that the metal workers are exposed to resulting in several health disorders and diseases. However, there is a lack of documented information regarding the prevalence of ophthalmic safety practices and the factors influencing them among metal workers in the Moradabad region or the study area. The aim of the present study is to assess ocular morbidity patterns among the metal workers from an unorganized sector. Methods: We conducted this study to find out the morbidity patterns among the metal workers working in Northwestern Uttar Pradesh, district Moradabad. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 metal workers using a pre-validated structured questionnaire. Results: All the metal workers working, without any formal eye health and safety training. Eye Injury was the most common problem at work. The age of the metal workers, duration of employment & welding hours per day were associated with ocular morbidities among the metal workers. In this study, among 100 metal workers, 18% of workers were suffering from an occupational eye injury. 98% metal workers population don’t have any personal protective eye device.86% of them feel this protective eye device is not so necessary. Conclusion: There is a need for occupational health safety awareness services for metal workers in Moradabad as well as in Uttar Pradesh. While further research may be required to make policy recommendations, the current study provides a baseline morbidity burden among these mental workers to look for interventions to promote health and safety at work for this neglected unorganized group.
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Babanov, Sergey Anatolievich. "The healthy/unhealthy worker effect as a phenomenon of occupational selection and the causation problem." Terapevt (General Physician), no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-12-2109-01.
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Today, the "healthy worker effect" is understood as organized (on the part of the employer) and/or unorganized (self-selection on the part of the worker, due to the functional capabilities and the state of workers’ health) professional selection of healthier workers in unfavorable working conditions, who remain in the profession. It represents one of the most important problems in epidemiological research in occupational medicine. The “healthy worker effect” and its intensity in various industries (in various professions) can indirectly characterize the harmful and unfavorable conditions. The “healthy worker effect” and its intensity determine the need for medical and social security, as well as rehabilitation measures, not only for people who remain in this production (in this profession), but also for people who left this production or specialty, to prevent the phenomenon of increased mortality among workers who left a given production or profession due to suspension from work based on the results of periodic medical examinations and self-selection, or due to intolerance to working conditions because of the state of health.
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Warsi, Rafia Rahman. "Health & marital adjustment of rural women workers in unorganized sector." Social ION 7, no. 2 (2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2456-7523.2018.00017.4.
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Kaur, Paramdeep, and Kanwaljit Kaur. "Work Profile of Women Workers Engaged in Unorganized Sector of Punjab." Studies on Home and Community Science 7, no. 2 (August 2013): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09737189.2013.11885401.
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Rathinasethupathi, R., Dr J. Sreerambabu, and D. Rajkumar. "Location Based Local Workers Finding Application for Android." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 939–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46322.
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Abstract: This project aims to select unorganized workers like electricians, mechanic, plumbers, painters, carpenters, etc near us through the android app. It is difficult for customers to find any service anytime anywhere in an emergency so we have developed an android app that helps customers to find the nearest plumbing, electrical, painting, etc jobs easily without any problem through this android app we can provide all services anytime anywhere. It also saves time by finding employees immediately and reducing unemployment.
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Sekhar, Lavanya, Ashwin Kumar N, Vidhya Venugopal, Santhanam R, and Priscilla Johnson. "Effect of Volatile Organic Compounds on the Neurobehavioral Functions of Painters in Chennai, Tamilnadu: A Cross Sectional Study." National Journal of Community Medicine 14, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55489/njcm.141020233308.
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Background: Paints are a major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) among painters. Limited information is available on neurobehavioral effect of long-term exposure to VOCs among painters working in unorganised industrial sectors such as construction site. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the neurobehavioral impact of long-term exposure to VOCs among construction painters. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among male painters in Chennai. VOC exposure index was calculated using questionnaire as well as personal exposure monitors. Neurobehavioral tests including hand dexterity, auditory (ART) and visual reaction time (VRT) were used to assess motor coordination, fine motor activity, focused attention, and psychomotor speed. Results: Prevalence of prolonged ART and VRT in painters was 69% and 73%, respectively and 65% exhibited reduced hand dexterity. Hand dexterity had mild negative correlation (r = -0.3, p = 0.01) with VOC exposure index and work experience (r = -0.3, p = 0.02), whereas VRT had mild positive correlation (r = 0.3, p = 0.01) with VOC exposure index. Independent t-test showed a significant decrease in motor coordination with higher VOC exposure index (≤ 18.5*103 ppm-hrs = 60.1 ±10.1, >18.5*103 ppm-hrs = 53.3 ±12.3, p=0.03) and increase in work experience (≤ 10 years = 58.8 ±11.6, >10years = 52.5 ±11.5, p=0.05). Conclusion: Neurobehavioral functions gradually decline with VOC exposure in painters working in unorganized sectors indicating a need to create awareness among the public and workers in unorganized sectors about the organic solvent-induced neurobehavioral changes.
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Rogers, Joel. "Divide and Conquer: The Legal Foundations of Postwar U.S. Labor Policy+." German Law Journal 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200016825.
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This paper provides an outline for a general theory of postwar U.S. labor law and regulation. It focuses on the structure and administration of the Labor Management Relations Act (LMRA), the centerpiece of U.S. labor policy over the past two generations. The central thesis of the analysis is that American labor law tends systematically to constrain and fragment worker organization, and is best understood as comprising a regulatory regime that both codifies and furthers the weakness of American labor. The organizing principle of this regulatory regime is the general denial of substantive generic entitlements for workers, and the general limitation of enforceable substantive worker claims to those claims arising from the guarantees of specific collective bargaining agreements negotiated within narrow contexts of union-employer dealings. As a consequence of this distinctive structure of interest articulation and satisfaction, unions rationally adopt highly particularistic bargaining strategies in their dealings with employers. As a consequence of such adoption, unions are divided within themselves, from one another, and from unorganized workers, with the result that workers overall are cumulatively weakened as a class.
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Ram, Naveen, Jitendra K. Lohani, and Rajnish Pande. "Health Security of Unorganised Construction Workers Through Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY) Special reference to the Haldwani Development Block." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 9, no. 4 (April 15, 2024): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n04.012.
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Purpose of the study – This study explores the Ayushman Bharat Scheme (PM-JAY) in the Haldwani Development Block of Uttarakhand, focusing on awareness, utilization, and impact among unorganized construction workers. It also assesses the scheme's accessibility in rural and urban areas within the study area. Design/methodology/approach – The present study is based on descriptive and analytical research design. The cross-sectional study was conducted within the rural and urban parts of the study area. The study is based on primary data and the data was collected through a close-ended interview schedule with the sample size of N = 384, which is determined through William Cochran’s methods for infinite population size. Statistical tool – Descriptive statistics has been used for summarizing the result of the study and in the inferential statistics Spearmen’s rank correlation, Chi-Square, one sample t-test and Likert Scale Analysis have been used. Conclusion - The study reveals that in the case of awareness, the schemes were successful but there is substantial gaps exist in the utilization of Ayushman Bharat Schemes (PM-JAY) among the unorganised construction workers. The researcher found a weak negative correlation coefficient between the level of education and awareness, enrollment and availing the benefits of the Ayushman Bharat schemes. Rural respondents have received more benefits than urban respondents. Enrolment in Ayushman Bharat leads to significant reductions in annual healthcare expenditure. This suggests that PM-JAY helps reduce out-of-pocket healthcare costs, making medical services more affordable to unorganised construction workers. On average, respondents reported a moderately positive perception regarding the shift of their healthcare utilization from informal to formal channels due to PM-JAY.
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Nandal, Santosh. "Women workers in unorganized sector: A study on construction industry in Haryana." International Journal of Development Issues 5, no. 2 (February 2006): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb045865.
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Berntsen, Lisa. "Reworking labour practices: on the agency of unorganized mobile migrant construction workers." Work, Employment and Society 30, no. 3 (January 14, 2016): 472–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017015617687.
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Bose, Aritra K., Dilip D. Kadam, and Anusha C. P. "An epidemiological study to evaluate morbidity patterns among wood workers belonging to unorganized sector." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 5 (April 27, 2019): 2246. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191852.
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Background: Wood workers are predisposed to many occupational diseases. Studying work place environment and its association with the morbidities would provide practical insights to promote the health and prevent disease in wood workers. Present study intends to study the epidemiological determinants of health and morbidity in wood workers.Methods: Quantitative method of research is used. All One hundred and five wood workers in the study area were recruited after taking informed consent. A semi-structured, pre-validated, questionnaire consisting of questions on sociodemographic profile, working pattern, morbidities experienced and working environment was prepared. Data was collected using one to one interview at their workplace. Environmental factors like iIllumination (In LUX) and noise level (in db) at the work place was measured using a Lux meter and sound level meter respectively. Association between different variables were analysed using Chi-square test or t-test wherever applicable.Results: Participants were all male belonging to economically productive age group. They were predominantly Muslims, belonging to lower socioeconomic status. Morbidities experienced by the wood workers were musculoskeletal pain (52%), skin problems (57%), eye problems (57.14%) and ear problems (32.38%). Inadequate illumination (<100 LUX) and noise levels more than 90 db were significantly associated with increased accidents and ear morbidities respectively.Conclusions: Poor working environment and non-compliance with the working standards prescribed by ILO (Indian Labour Organisation) are associated with morbidities among the workers. Environmental modification, use of protective devices, availability of basic minimum facilities for working and continuous monitoring of the workplaces by competent authority would help in decreasing the prevalence of morbidities among woodworkers.
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S, Sadhasivam. "Social Welfare in India." December 2023 2, no. 2 (December 2023): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/rrrj.2023.2.010.
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In spite of social issues like destitution, financial inequality, etc., developing countries like India strive to have unprecedented economic growth. India has two different social welfare sectors. One is formal or organized and another one is informal or unorganized sector. The organized sector is run directly by the government, state-owned businesses, and private companies. It offers their workers a fair amount of social protection through mandatory laws covering certain things. The unorganized sector is covered by a defective network of social welfare and benefits offered by the national government of a federation and the relevant state governments. This article describes the constitutional position of welfare in India along with an outline of its historical development. With regard to the unorganized sector of the economy, it offers a summary of some major promotions and safety-oriented welfare programs and policies, including those that deal with problems like unemployment, health, education, and poverty. Further, it discusses the history and evolution of central and respective state governments in social welfare, the goals and nature of social welfare, and social welfare schemes.
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van den Broek, Diane, and Tony Dundon. "(Still) Up to No Good: Reconfiguring Worker Resistance and Misbehaviour in an Increasingly Unorganized World." Articles 67, no. 1 (March 5, 2012): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008197ar.
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Summary The way worker resistance and misbehaviour have been analyzed has undergone significant transformation over the past few decades. While researchers have observed the quantitative decline of formal or organized forms of industrial relations conflict, others have highlighted the emergence of informal and individualized (mis)behaviours. There have been a range of reasons advanced to explain both the decline in industrial disputes and in the lineal approaches to analyze workplace conflict. This article cautions the increasing tendency to analyze resistance and misbehaviour in an institutional vacuum. Drawing on longitudinal research across multiple organizational settings in Australia and Britain, the article identifies the longevity of institutional and structural factors to explain workplace behaviours, particularly among weakly organized workers. The evidence presented in this paper emphasizes the need to analyze employee resistance within its institutional context. The range of behaviours identified here in many non- or anti-union settings were shaped by the changing structural and institutional workplace regime: by sector, size, structure or managerial strategy (among others). By recognizing the importance of context and place, we argue that what is often portrayed as types of misbehaviour substitute for more assertive forms of resistance by workers who are vulnerable in the labour market or denied access to traditional collective structures of representation.
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Singh, Snigdha, Sonali Kar, Alpana Mishra, and Dipti Pattnaik. "Hygiene practices and awareness regarding Milk borne diseases (MBD) among dairy workers in unorganized urban settings of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India." Indian Journal of Community Health 33, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2021.v33i03.011.
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Background: Dairy work is thought to be predominantly a rural occupation. However, due to preferences we see a lot of urban residents consume fresh milk and hence, few people even in the urban areas take up cattle rearing as a cost effective profession. In the midst of much talked re-emerging diseases, caused by close habitation of animals and man, it would be very relevant to see living conditions of these populations and their hygiene practices in a space compromised scenario. In urban settings, they stay in close proximity and due to socioeconomic conditions, dairy workers in do not have appropriate amenities to tend on the cattle,clean or even scope for proper waste disposal. This in nutshell, leads to a disease enabling environment and the study aims at reviewing these living conditions. Besides, an assessment of health conditions of the dairy workers, their awareness regarding the milk borne diseases(MBD) was done. The findings helped generate recommendations for improvement of the profession and ultimately the quality of the milk. Objectives:1) Assess the hygiene practices during the stages of milk collection, storage and transport of milk among the sampled dairy workers from urban unorganized settings of Bhubaneswar. 2) Assess awareness of these workers regarding milk borne diseases. Methodology: This cross?sectional survey was part of a larger study and was conducted in unorganized sector of dairy workers in Bhubaneswar. 60 dairy households were surveyed and from each household, 2 members actively involved in dairy work were selected.The study tool was a semi structured, mixed questionnaire. The questionnaire had 3 sections; A was regarding household information(General sociodemographic details and Housing conditions for 60 HHs); B was to elicit the hygiene status of dairy workers(n=120) during each step of their work, their milk handling details during milk collection, storage and transportation; C had questions to assess the awareness of dairy worker regarding MBD. Results: Hygiene practices were very dismal at all points like milking,storage and transportation. Only 5.0% dairy households practised cleaning udder twice- prior to and after milking. Only 35% households kept the milk storage containers covered. 44.2% workers agreed that “MBD” is a community health problem. On general examination, pallor and icterus was found among workers. This strongly brings out that this group not only have the potential to be infected by zoonotic diseases, but can also transmit it to through the milk they are selling. A felt need is assessed for these workers in terms of creating standards of hygiene practices of cattle and milk handling and also impart them training on improving their occupational practices.
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Mohsin, Abdul. "Gendering Economy: Women Artisans in Srinagar’s Unorganised Handicraft Sector." Journal for Peace and Justice Studies 31, no. 1 (2022): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/peacejustice20223115.
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Based on a qualitative method, this study narrates the condition and status of women workers engaged in the unorganized handicraft sector in Srinagar. The city, considered Kashmir’s economic hub and business capital, is known for handicrafts and tourism. In this study, 20 women involved in the Kashmiri handicrafts sector were interviewed face to face. The study recruited participants using purposive and snowball sampling methods. After a thorough review of the collected data, it was thematically interpreted. A descriptive phenomenology analysis of the dataset identified three themes: (i) role of conflict in the region, (ii) urge for economic independence, and (iii) social prejudice. This study argues that even though the work environment in the unorganized sector is exploitative and oppressive for women, there is an element of liberation for women in the social sphere.
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Thachil, Dr Preemy P. "Welfare Schemes for Migrant Workers in Kerala." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 06, no. 10 (2022): 463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2022.61024.
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Kerala has been a front- runner among the states in India, introducing social security schemes for different vulnerable sections of the society. These schemes, executed mainly through different welfare boards, and have been successful in extending social security to a limited extent to the majority of the vulnerable groups especially migrants. In India, social security is enumerated in the Directive Principles of State Policy and is one of the subjects in the Concurrent List in the Constitution of India, which is federal in nature. One of the major priorities of the state government is extending the coverage of social security net to workers in the unorganized sector (Government of Kerala, 2009). This paper examines key actions by the government to promote the social security of the migrant workers
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Kannan, K. Vinoth. "IJCM_319A: A Cross-sectional study on prevalence of work-related skin diseases among construction workers in Chengalpattu district." Indian Journal of Community Medicine 49, Suppl 1 (April 2024): S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_abstract319.
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Background: A variety of activities in construction site such as mason, painting, welding, cement mixing, concrete mixing, may eventually lead to exposures that can subject the construction workers as most vulnerable group to develop occupational skin diseases. Objective: To determine the prevalence of occupational skin diseases among construction workers in Chengalpattu district. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 301 construction workers in construction sites at Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu state over a period of two months (October 2022 to November 2022). Data collection was done using a interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire and statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS 21 version and p value of <0.05. Results: Among the respondents 40.9% (123) construction workers found to be suffering from skin diseases like pruritis (14%), dryskin(13%), fissures (6.3%), blisters (5.6%), redness (2%), Among them highest prevalence of occupational skin disease was seen in cement mixing worker (13%) and mason (13%)followed by mason helper (12%) and concrete worker (3%). Work related skin diseases were found to be associated with nature of work (p <0.05). Conclusion: The health problems among construction workers are one of the areas of public health concern in the country which is usually unnoticed as they are being under unorganized sectors. Thus, proper wearing of Personal protective equipment, providing a supportive workplace environment and reinforcement messages will have a favourable impact on the work productivity as well as ensuring a good health for those workers.
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Sivaprakash, P., and S. Kanchana. "A Study on Statutory Provisions for Construction Safety in India." Archives of Civil Engineering 64, no. 1 (June 6, 2018): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2018-0011.
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Abstract There are about 8.5 million workers employed in the construction sector in India. Construction workers constitute a major portion of the unorganized labour and are characterized by their casual nature of employment, temporary relationship with the employer, prolonged and uncertain working hours, lack of safety and health measures, and inadequacy of basic amenities and welfare facilities. There are many legislation clauses providing safeguards for contract workers in India. Construction safety has been made legally enforceable after the enactment of The Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act in 1996 and the Central Rules in 1998. This paper details various statutory provisions for construction safety in India with specific reference to the BOCW Act, Central Rules, and State Rules.
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Kumar, Ashok, Praveena ., Pradeep K. Tiwari, and Rashmi R. Barik. "Adherence to COVID-19 appropriate behaviour among small scale workers in unorganized sector in Rajasthan by applying health belief model and generalized social beliefs." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211936.
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Background: People’s adherence to COVID-19 appropriate behavior (CAB) is important to prevent and manage coronavirus disease-19. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of adherence to CAB in small-scale workers in the unorganized sector by applying health belief model (HBM) and generalized social beliefs.Methods: This community-based, cross-sectional study was done in Central Rajasthan from January 2021 to March 2021. A pre-tested, structured, interviewer-administered tool was used to collect data from 384 participants. Data were collected on five constructs of HBM and two social axioms.Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 36.89 (10.84) years. About 58% of participants were male. Adherence to all CAB measures was 15%, it was not found to be associated with age, gender, education level, residence and occupation. The most common practiced CAB measure was face cover (57.8%) followed by handwashing (43.75%). Adherence was found associated with all five HBM constructs and two social axioms.Conclusions: The adherence to CAB was low among small-scale workers in the unorganized sector. It is pivotal to consider the community’s perceived susceptibility, severity, benefit, barrier, cue to action, cynicism and reward for application to improve the adherence towards CAB.
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Anjum, M., and N. Khan. "SPATIAL ANALYSIS ON HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG UNORGANIZED INDUSTRIAL WORKERS IN AMBEDKARNAGAR DISTRICT, INDIA." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 10, no. 3 (January 1, 2017): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2017-10-3-87-98.
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Prethesa Mercy, S., and C. Selva Smiley. "A Study on Working Conditions of Women Beedi Workers at Aralvoimozhi Town Panchayat of Kanniyakumari District." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v8i2.1812.
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In the unorganized sector, beedi manufacturing provides employment opportunities, particularly for the women in Aralvoimozhi of Tamil Nadu. Since beedi work is undertaken at home without basic facilities, all the household members, including children, are exposed to the hazards of inhaling tobacco smell. The most common problem experienced by them was backache, eyesore, rickets, thyroid and tuberculosis, and throat infection.
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Katara, Aditi, and Pragya Sharma. "The Lifeworld of Women Domestic Workers: Some Case Studies." Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities 3, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/ijrah.3.1.10.
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In the informal sector of metropolitan India, the participation of women domestic workers is steadily increasing. Women participate in domestic work to protect family interests and solve economic crises. Employers compel maximum work from domestic workers with the bare minimum of hospitality. If we consider domestic work on a global scale, it is a solution to the problem of women in the economic system. Domestic work is unorganized, unrewarding, and unrecognized for domestic workers. Women are migrating to domestic work in greater numbers every day, but there is a crucial need to consider their living conditions. Normally, most of the migrant population lives in slums. Migrants in domestic work and women are now a predominant research area for social sciences. This research aims to examine the lifeworld of women domestic workers.
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Mehrotra, Manisha A., and Prashant Kumar Pandey. "Gender Budgeting and its Outcome on Women Labour Force Participation in Unorganized sector." Archives of Business Research 10, no. 9 (October 5, 2022): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.109.13033.
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Unorganized sector always plays a vital role in terms of providing employment opportunities to a large segment of the workforce in India. Near about 92% of the total employment in the Indian economy during the period 1999-2000 was accounted for by the unorganized/informal sector (NSSO 55th Round 1999-2000). In most states the share of informal workers is approximately the same as the national average. Female work participation has always been low at 26.97% compared to 52% of men (World Bank Report, March 2018). The problem is that women have always been at work; only the definitions of work and work plan have never been defined or realistic to include their contribution to the economy and the society. In order to deal with gender disparity and bring efficacy in women labour force participation, Gender Budgeting was started in India in 2004. However, the outcomes show that their condition has improved in formal sector but in informal sector the working conditions has not much improved. The aim of this paper is to evaluate some of the new initiatives taken by Government of India in Public Economics in reference to Gender budgeting. It relates to government expenditure in welfare measures for the upliftment of women labour force participation in organized sector. The researchers tried to find out the outcomes of gender budgeting by critically evaluating the changing pattern of Indian working women in the unorganized sector and find out the condition of health, safety and well- being of working women in unorganized sector of India.
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S. D. Khaled, Amgad, Khaled (M.K) Ismail Alshaketheep, Mosab I. Tabash, Mohammad Azmi Khan, and Mohammad Ahmad Al-Omari. "Impact of COVID-19 on unorganized Indian retail markets." Innovative Marketing 17, no. 3 (August 27, 2021): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(3).2021.08.
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As informal workers struggle to survive the current crisis, there is reason to believe that more strain would also be exerted on the already fragile sector in the post-crisis era. The implications of the COVID-19 outbreak for the informal economy will continue. Faced with a long crisis, the global economy would likely shrink demand for informal goods and services. The primary goal of this paper is to study consumer behavior during the pandemic, investigate government-implemented Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the unorganized retail sector, and determine if consumers prefer to have goods delivered to their homes rather than visit retail stores. This paper collected information from a number of Indian customers who made unorganized retail transactions in New Delhi and NCR Region. The sample was taken from 700 citizens of New Delhi, India. The study found that product variety, digital payment, scheduling, free delivery and lower speed have a significant effect on customer behavior. In addition, SOPs do not influence consumer behavior. The main reasons for choosing a specific channel are simple availability, security, less hassle, and compliance with all laws. The pandemic led to a renewed trust in the local Kirana shop, with new clients visiting metro and non-metro shops locally. The system in Kirana has changed from physical sales to digital aviation because of the pandemic.
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Kaur, Amarjeet. "Prostitution is Not Work: A Trade Unionist’s Perspective." ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 2, no. 2 (December 2017): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632717737439.
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As Secretary of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC), the oldest trade union federation in India and one of the five largest, the author argues that prostitution is a continuum of abuse of women, who are already bereft of their rights as workers, and whose choices are limited due to their marginalization as females in the patriarchal and feudal society of India. Women experience various types of exploitation in the regular industries, and are vulnerable to their labour being exploited because of their unequal education and unequal access to resources. The author locates instances of such exploitation, in both the organized and unorganized sector. She explains why her trade union has rejected the the use of the term ‘sex-worker’, for prostitution.
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Chen, Feng. "Trade Unions and the Quadripartite Interactions in Strike Settlement in China." China Quarterly 201 (March 2010): 104–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741009991093.
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AbstractAlthough the Chinese government has claimed to be pursuing tripartism for labour relations, the non-judicial resolution of interest conflict in enterprises is largely a process of quadripartite interaction. In addition to the government and employers, the trade unions and workers are separate players: labour strikes in China are always launched by unorganized workers rather than by trade unions, whose task is to defuse the situation. Such a quadripartite process is dominated by the government, with the trade union playing a mediating role, not only between workers and the government but also between workers and employers. The process involves certain explicit and implicit rules, as well as distinct dynamics. This research examines the institutional and social basis of quadripartite interaction and how it led to the settlement of strikes. It demonstrates that although it can effectively defuse workers' collective action, a quadripartite process of conflict resolution reflects a low degree of institutionalization of industrial relations in China.
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Fatima Qasim and Dr. Sneh P. Daniel. "Analysis of understanding level of government welfare schemes (Among beedi workers of unorganized sector)." Research Ambition: An International Multidisciplinary e-Journal 6, no. I (May 30, 2021): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/ambition/v6n1.05.
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Beedi fabricating is perhaps the biggest business in India utilizing a huge number of laborers, lion’s share of them beingladies and kids. It falls under the class of sloppy area and thusly draws in numerous shades of malice like helpless workingconditions, absence of execution of government rules and guidelines, work of kid work, low wages, sporadic business, etc.The government has arranged and carried out numerous government assistance plans for these laborers that incorporate health advantages, protection, lodging, schooling, diversion, maternity, and so on for their upliftment. Nonetheless, the degree of attention to these plans is very low and execution is negligible because of the low degree of training among these specialists. The current investigation dives into the segment profile of these specialists alongside their degree of mindfulness in regard to government assistance plans. The information was gathered from Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh from 347 respondents. The information was investigated utilizing proportions of focal inclination, chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The definite investigation of information uncovered that these specialists are having low pay and instruction-level, generally utilizing ladies from the moderately aged gatherings. These laborers are tolerably mindful about the plans and lower age-bunch laborers are more mindful about government assistance programs than their senior partners. The investigation proposes approaches to ad-lib the everyday environments of these laborers and plans to make mindfulness about the government assistance program of the public authority.