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Journal articles on the topic 'Unmarried mothers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Yoon, Hye in, and In duck Choi. "The Effects of Social Support and Perception of the Supporting Policy on the Self-Reliance among Unmarried Mothers." Korea Academy of Case Management 15, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.38019/kacm.15.1.183.

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The purpose of this study is to understand the effect of social support of unmarried mothers and the level of awareness of the unmarried mother support system on their will to become independent. To this end, data of 145 unmarried mothers in the 00 Unmarried Mothers Association were used for the final analysis. As a result of the analysis, among the sub-factors of social support, evaluation support and parenting and care among the sub-factors of the level of recognition of the unmarried mother support system showed a statistically significant positive (+) relationship with the will to become independent. Based on these research results, I would like to make the following suggestions. First, the related system should be supplemented with customized support that meets the needs and needs of unmarried mothers and fathers, and in addition, a strong support policy should be supported so that unmarried mothers can become economically independent by recognizing the qualifications for basic supply regardless of employment status or income. Second, it is necessary to strengthen the promotion of individual programs of the unmarried mother support system, improve the delivery system, and change social awareness. Third, since the subjective health status affects the will of unmarried mothers to become independent, it is required to prepare health support and mental health programs for unmarried mothers to raise awareness of the subjective health status. Based on the results of this study, I hope that practical and policy discussions to improve the will of unmarried mothers to become independent will be activated

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Prahastami, Kuni Kusuma, and Mulya Virgonita Iswindari Winta. "COPING STRATEGY ORANG TUA TUNGGAL TAK MENIKAH DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA." PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 6, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 1320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v6i2.4091.

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This research aims to understand and describe the issues or problems faced by unmarried single mothers and strategy coping. Unmarried single mother is a woman who has a child because of a pregnancy outside of a marriage that is legal under customary law or government law. Problems in unmarried single mothers can be divided into three aspects; social, economic and psychological aspects. The research questions posed in this study are what are the issues or problems faced by unmarried single mothers? Second, what is the effect of these issues or problems for unmarried single mothers? Third, how the coping strategies are applied by unmarried single mothers. This study involved two participants aged 27 and 28 years who are single unmarried mothers living in Yogyakarta. The data collection methods used were semi-structured interviews and observation, while the data analysis method used was in the form of analysis with a case study approach. The results showed that both participants had the ability to solve problems or coping strategies when in difficulty when becoming a single mother unmarried. The coping ability applied by both participants to face difficult situations and conditions is not much different because some of the problems faced are almost the same, as well as economic, social, and psychological problems that occur to both participants.

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Chobany, Mariah, and Debra Hull. "The Stigmas Associated With Teen Parenting: How Gender-Stereotypical Expectations Contribute." Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research 26, no. 1 (2021): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.jn26.1.21.

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One hundred three students from a small liberal arts college rated statements about potential stigma associated with unmarried teen parents. After reading a scenario describing an unmarried teen couple’s pregnancy and early parenting experiences, participants indicated their level of agreement with 11 statements for either the mother or the father. Multivariate analysis of variance comparisons of the items indicated that the focus of attention was on the mother, in both positive and negative ways. Compared to unmarried teen fathers, unmarried teen mothers were seen as more sexually promiscuous, and too young to be a parent. On the other hand, mothers were also rated significantly as spending more time with their child, and assumed as more responsible. Unmarried teen fathers were seen as significantly more ambitious, whereas respondents thought it was more important for mothers to continue their education. Results reinforce the idea that unmarried teen mothers are expected to bear a disproportionate amount of the burden of care for their child. Knowledge of these results could lead to greater sensitivity toward unmarried teen parents and lend to more helpful support, which could assist them, and their children, to succeed despite their circumstances.

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4

이정인 and 이인수. "Experiences of Unmarried Mothers." Family and Family Therapy 24, no. 2 (June 2016): 269–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21479/kaft.2016.24.2.269.

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5

Carp, E. Wayne. "Professional Social Workers, Adoption, and the Problem of Illegitimacy, 1915–1945." Journal of Policy History 6, no. 3 (July 1994): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600003912.

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Several years ago, Regina G. Kunzel presented a provocative examination of the Florence Crittenton maternity homes between 1915 and 1945. Her goal was to trace “the history of the transformation from evangelical to professional work with unmarried mothers.” Kunzel's thesis is that in the early twentieth century the control and treatment of unmarried mothers shifted dramatically: from evangelical women “who understood their work in terms of the ‘feminine’ virtues of piety and sympathy” to social work professionals “who claimed expertise based on training in the scientific method.” Evangelical women wanted to redeem “fallen women” in need of salvation—which they regarded as “a moral problem to be solved by sisterhood.” In contrast, social workers viewed unmarried mothers as “social units” requiring scientific treatment and “adjustment.” These differing viewpoints had practical consequences when it came to treating unwed mothers. Evangelical women were committed to keeping mother and illegitimate child together—a principle Kunzel describes as “the cornerstone of womanly benevolence in maternity homes.” In contrast—and this point is at the heart of Kunzel's thesis—social workers were militant proponents of separating mother and child because they believed that the majority of unmarried mothers “were unfit and would be better off giving their babies up for adoption.”

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6

Averett, Susan, and Yang Wang. "Effects of Higher EITC Payments on Children’s Health, Quality of Home Environment, and Noncognitive Skills." Public Finance Review 46, no. 4 (June 30, 2016): 519–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091142116654965.

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In 1993, the benefit levels of the earned income tax credit (EITC) were changed significantly based on the number of children in the household. Exploiting this policy change and employing a difference-in-differences plus mother fixed effects framework, we find significantly improved home environment quality for children of unmarried mothers, regardless of their race/ethnicity, and lowered probabilities of having accidents and improved mother-rated health for children of married white mothers. Children of unmarried black and Hispanic mothers also had better mother-rated health. Our results provide new evidence of positive spillover effects of the 1993 EITC expansion and therefore have important policy implications.

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7

Endres, Thomas G. "Rhetorical visions of unmarried mothers." Communication Quarterly 37, no. 2 (March 1989): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01463378909385534.

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8

Richardson, Valerie. "Decision Making by Unmarried Mothers." Irish Journal of Psychology 12, no. 2 (January 1991): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03033910.1991.10557836.

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9

Edin, Kathryn, and Maria Kefalas. "Unmarried with Children." Contexts 4, no. 2 (May 2005): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2005.4.2.16.

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Have poor, unmarried mothers given up on marriage, as middle-class observers often conclude? To the contrary, most of the time they are simply waiting for the right partner and situation to make it work.

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10

Luddy, Maria. "Unmarried Mothers in Ireland, 1880–1973." Women's History Review 20, no. 1 (February 2011): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09612025.2011.536393.

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11

Eremeeva, A. I., and G. V. Dovzhik. "Transforming the structure of unmarried women’s social perceptions of single motherhood through digital technologies." Digital Sociology 3, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2658-347x-2020-3-3-29-34.

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The transformation of the structure of social ideas about marriage and family relations in general and the structure of the modern family has been considered through digital technologies. The problem of the growing number of single mothers has been raised. Statistics for 20 years have been provided. The influence of several factors on the growth dynamics has been analysed. The influence of women`s emancipation, availability of remote work and the image of successful bloggers on changing the fields of social representations of modern unmarried women about single motherhood has been examined. One of the main reasons for changing the attitude of women to the image of single mother, namely the appearance of a new image-”solo-mom”, which is actively used in the digital environment, has been considered. Communities and groups in the social networks Vkontakte, Facebook, Instagram and Odnoklassniki, dedicated to supporting single mothers, have been studied. Blogs of single mothers who position themselves as “solo-mothers”, have been reviewed. The results of an empirical study aimed at identifying a factor that affects the change in the system of views and attitudes of unmarried women in the transition zone and the periphery have been presented. The responses of respondents received in 2014 and 2019 by the free Association experiment have been analysed. The respondents answers were divided into three categories: single mother status, status assessment, qualities of the single mother’s personality. The results of a comparative analysis of women’s social perceptions about single motherhood for the period from 2014 to 2019 have been presented. Based on the results obtained, conclusions about the change in perceptions of single mothers over the past 5 years, the emergence of a new image of a single woman with a child – “solo mom”, have been made.

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12

Bang, Kyung-Sook, Sungjae Kim, Sinyoung Choi, Gumhee Lee, Misook Kim, and Da-Ae Shin. "Effectiveness of a natural wellness group program using interactive real-time video for unmarried mothers: A quasi-experimental study." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 13, 2023): e0284340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284340.

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Background Unmarried mothers who raise their children alone in South Korea experience various difficulties in maintaining their health. Improving the health of unmarried mothers, who are socioeconomically vulnerable, is important not only for them but also for the healthy growth and development of their children. We aimed to implement a natural wellness group program using an interactive real-time video platform for unmarried mothers and to verify its effects. Methods This quasi-experimental study utilized a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. The participants were unmarried mothers raising children aged 0–6 years. The quantitative data collection occurred from August to November 2021. For the qualitative data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participants from the experimental group. The experimental group received eight 90-minute weekly online sessions, whereas the control group received no intervention. The outcome variables were physical and mental health, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and parenting stress. Results A total of 42 unmarried mothers (21 experimental, 21 control) participated. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant post-intervention differences in mental health, depression, and self-esteem in the experimental group. Moreover, a generalized estimating equation analysis revealed significant differences in self-esteem levels between the experimental and control groups. Four themes identified through qualitative analysis revealed that the natural wellness group program using interactive real-time video not only increased mothers’ vitality and relaxation but also improved depression and anxiety, and had a positive effect on parenting stress. Conclusions Natural wellness group programs using interactive real-time videos can help improve the psychological health of unmarried mothers with young children, a group that tends to be socially and psychologically marginalized.

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13

Sigle-Rushton, Wendy, and Sara McLanahan. "The Living Arrangements of New Unmarried Mothers." Demography 39, no. 3 (August 2002): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3088324.

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14

Garrett, Paul Michael. "‘Unmarried Mothers’ in the Republic of Ireland." Journal of Social Work 16, no. 6 (July 8, 2016): 708–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017316628447.

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15

Sigle-Rushton, Wendy, and Sara McLanahan. "The Living Arrangements of New Unmarried Mothers." Demography 39, no. 3 (2002): 415–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dem.2002.0032.

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16

Young, Robin L., and Eugene Declercq. "Implications of Subdividing Marital Status: Are Unmarried Mothers with Partners Different from Unmarried Mothers without Partners? An Exploratory Analysis." Maternal and Child Health Journal 14, no. 2 (February 7, 2009): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-009-0450-9.

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17

Sánchez Trigo, Clara. "The Playhouse Effect: John Webster, Deixis and Story-Telling in the Theatres of Jacobean London." Atlantis. Journal of the Spanish Association for Anglo-American Studies 46, no. 1 (June 28, 2024): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.28914/atlantis-2024-46.1.02.

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Unmarried mothers and children born out of wedlock are notoriously absent from the Carolean stage, which, on the other hand, saw an abundance of rakish gallants and prostitutes populating sexually charged plots. It is not a coincidence that the only two plays premiered between the 1660s and 1700 featuring an unmarried woman with a live child come up precisely with the arrival of William and Mary. This paper analyses the ways in which these plays—The Squire of Alsatia (1688) by Thomas Shadwell, and The Marriage-Hater Matched (1692) by Thomas Durfey—use the unmarried mother to convey a moral message that echoed William and Mary’s project of moral reform. However, these women are portrayed in radically different ways in both comedies. Although she takes a customary position of scorn in The Squire, the unmarried mother gets to be a good-hearted heroine that is eventually redeemed in The Marriage-Hater, a very challenging position for Durfey to portray which required of intra and extra textual devices to support her redemption without appearing to condone vice.

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18

Williams, Samantha. "Unmarried Mothers and the New Poor Law in Hertfordshire." Local Population Studies, no. 91 (December 31, 2013): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35488/lps91.2013.27.

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Under the old poor law mothers and fathers shared responsibility for their illegitimate children: fathers were expected to provide financial maintenance and mothers to care for and rear them. The new poor law sought to shift all responsibility on to mothers. This article focuses upon the impact of the new legislation upon poor women and their children and their interactions with poor law guardians. Using data drawn from applications to guardians and workhouse records for Hertford and Hatfield poor law unions this study analyses the welfare provision offered to unmarried mothers and their infants. The article considers all forms of assistance but with a particular focus on lying-in provision in the workhouse.

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19

Im, AeDuck. "A Study on Social Distance toward Unmarried Mothers." Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2016): 365–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2016.06.21.

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20

Farber, Naomi B. "The Significance of Aspirations among Unmarried Adolescent Mothers." Social Service Review 63, no. 4 (December 1989): 518–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/603725.

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21

Amini, Saeid B., Patrick M. Catalano, and Leon I. Mann. "Births to unmarried mothers: Trends and obstetric outcomes." Women's Health Issues 6, no. 5 (September 1996): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1049-3867(96)00030-8.

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22

Leerlooijer, Joanne N., Gerjo Kok, Joseph Weyusya, Arjan E. R. Bos, Robert A. C. Ruiter, Liesbeth E. Rijsdijk, Nathan Nshakira, and Leona K. Bartholomew. "Applying Intervention Mapping to develop a community-based intervention aimed at improved psychological and social well-being of unmarried teenage mothers in Uganda." Health Education Research 29, no. 4 (May 11, 2014): 598–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyu020.

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Abstract Out-of-wedlock pregnancy among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa is a major concern, because of its association with health, social, psychological, economic and demographic factors. This article describes the development of the Teenage Mothers Project, a community-based intervention to improve psychological and social well-being of unmarried teenage mothers in rural Uganda. We used Intervention Mapping (IM) for systematically developing a theory and evidence-based comprehensive health promotion programme. A planning group consisting of community leaders, teenage mothers, staff of a community-based organization and a health promotion professional was involved in the six steps of IM: needs assessment, programme objectives, methods and applications, intervention design, planning for adoption and implementation and planning for evaluation. The programme includes five intervention components: community awareness raising, teenage mother support groups, formal education and income generation, counselling, and advocacy. The intervention components are based on a variety of theoretical methods, including entertainment education, persuasive communication, mobilization of social networks and social action. In conclusion, IM facilitated the planning group to structure the iterative, bottom-up, participatory design of the project in a real-life setting and to use evidence and theory. The article provides suggestions for the planning of support interventions for unmarried teenage mothers.

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23

Greene, Sheila M., Marie-Therese Joy, J. K. Nugent, and P. O'Mahony. "Contraceptive practice of Irish married and single first-time mothers." Journal of Biosocial Science 21, no. 4 (October 1989): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018113.

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SummaryThis study surveys 100 married and 100 unmarried primiparous mothers, attending the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, with regard to their contraceptive practice, their planning of their pregnancy and the timing of their first antenatal visit. Nineteen per cent of the married women, but 64% of the unmarried women, had never used any contraceptive method. The contraceptive pill was the most popular method for both groups, but while three in five of the married women had at some time used the pill, only a little more than one in five of the unmarried women had ever used it. One quarter of the women who had used contraception reported that their pregnancy was the result of a failure in their contraceptive method. Eighty-nine per cent of the single group and 20% of the married had not planned their pregnancy. None of the married women, but almost a quarter of the single, delayed their first antenatal visit until after they were 20 weeks pregnant.

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24

Jeon, Jeonghwa, and Taewan Eom. "A Phenomenological Study on the Experience for Unmarried Mothers." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 10, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 1469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.10.6.109.

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25

Radey, Melissa, and Yolanda C. Padilla. "Kin Financial Support: Receipt and Provision Among Unmarried Mothers." Journal of Social Service Research 35, no. 4 (September 2009): 336–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01488370903110837.

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26

Houghton, Frank. "Flying solo: single/unmarried mothers and stigma in Ireland." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 21, no. 1 (March 2004): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700008181.

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27

Henriques, Jane, Jean Golding, and Peter Thomas. "Unmarried at delivery. I. The mothers and their care." Early Human Development 14, no. 3-4 (December 1986): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3782(86)90181-7.

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28

Evans, Tanya. "'Unfortunate Objects': London's Unmarried Mothers in the Eighteenth Century." Gender History 17, no. 1 (April 2005): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-5233.2005.00375.x.

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29

Daniels, Gerald Eric, Venoo Kakar, and Anoshua Chaudhuri. "Racial Differences in Transitions to Marriage for Unmarried Mothers." Journal of Family and Economic Issues 38, no. 3 (July 20, 2017): 370–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10834-017-9538-3.

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30

McDonnell, K., M. Fitzgerald, and T. Kinsella. "A community based study of unmarried & married mothers." Irish Journal of Medical Science 157, no. 3 (March 1988): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02950355.

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31

Henriques, J., J. Golding, and P. Thomas. "Unmarried at delivery. I. The mothers and their care." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 25, no. 6 (December 1987): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7292(87)90110-x.

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32

Mpimbi, Salim Juma, Mwajuma Mmbaga, Ziad El-Khatib, Minyahil Tadesse Boltena, and Samwel Marco Tukay. "Individual and Social Level Factors Influencing Repeated Pregnancy among Unmarried Adolescent Mothers in Katavi Region—Tanzania: A Qualitative Study." Children 9, no. 10 (October 5, 2022): 1523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children9101523.

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Adolescents’ pregnancy rates are still high in Tanzania, despite the efforts made by the national campaign. Within two years after the first pregnancy, adolescent mothers are more at risk of repeat conception. Repeated pregnancies are associated with increased maternal and perinatal outcomes. Katavi is a leading region in the country, with 45% adolescent pregnancy. Studies are scarce on factors influencing repeated pregnancy among unmarried adolescent mothers in the region. Therefore, this study explored the individual and social level factors influencing repeated pregnancy among unmarried adolescent mothers in the Katavi Region. An exploratory qualitative study, using key informant interviews (KIIs) was adopted for 16 participants. The study participants were unmarried adolescent mothers, aged 15–19 years, who were purposively sampled. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. QSR Nvivo version 14 was used to analyze these data. The study established the individual factors influencing repeated pregnancy, which were inadequate sexuality knowledge, individually perceived barriers to contraceptive use, and the guarantee for marriage. Furthermore, the social factors identified were the power of decision-making, peer pressure, and the parent–child relationship. Inadequate education on sexuality is observed as a crucial factor influencing repeated pregnancy. Parents as primary educators should be encouraged to talk with their children, especially adolescent girls about sexual education.

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33

Vosler, Nancy R., and John G. Robertson. "Nonmarital Co-parenting: Knowledge Building for Practice." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 79, no. 2 (April 1998): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.1812.

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The number of children born in the U.S. to nonmarried parents is increasing, and these children are at risk of deleterious outcomes. However, little is known about relationships between unmarried fathers and mothers. Based on a review of extant empirical research and on a multilevel social systems theoretical framework, a practice model is proposed that identifies 12 key factors for further knowledge-development: child well-being, mother's well-being, father's well-being, mother–child relationship, father–child relationship, mother–father relationship, maternal extended family relationships, paternal extended family relationships, neighborhood characteristics, mother's family background, father's family background, and public services and institutional structures. Implications for multilevel approaches to social work practice include needed interventions at both macro and micro levels that address poverty, housing and neighborhood stabilization, employment, child care, human capital development, health and mental health services, family and individual counseling, and parenting skills. Further research must focus on this specific population of “fragile families,” including development and evaluation of effective policies, programs, and services.

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Schamess, Gerald. "Parallel mother/infant/toddler groups: A developmentally oriented intervention programme for unmarried teenage mothers." Journal of Social Work Practice 2, no. 4 (May 1987): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02650538708414981.

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Huang, Chien-Chung, Esther Son, and Lih-Rong Wang. "Prevalence and Factors of Domestic Violence among Unmarried Mothers with a Young Child." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 91, no. 2 (April 2010): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3978.

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Using the first 3 waves of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, this article examines the prevalence and factors of domestic violence among unmarried mothers with a young child. The findings indicate that the prevalence of domestic violence for mothers increased substantially in the first 3 years after the child's birth. Findings from regression analyses show that mothers who lived with the father, either as a wife or cohabiting partner, had significantly lower odds of domestic violence in the study measures than mothers who did not live with the father. However, the odds of domestic violence were not significantly different between married and cohabiting mothers. Policy implications are discussed.

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Bryan, Kathryn. "Fantine in the Belle Époque: Representation of the Fille-Mère in L'Assiette au beurre (1902) and Marcelle Tinayre's La Rebelle (1905)." Modern Language Review 118, no. 4 (October 2023): 458–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mlr.2023.a907832.

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Abstract: This article reads depictions of the fille-mère as a vehicle for the expression of anxieties surrounding representation of marginal female figures and freedom of the press in the Belle Époque. It looks to two texts, exploring how these fictional unmarried mothers differ from Hugo's Fantine, the archetype of the fille-mère , earlier in the nineteenth century. After an overview of welfare support for unmarried mothers in the long nineteenth century, the author provides close and intermedial readings of a 1902 issue of L'Assiette au Beurre and Marcelle Tinayre's La Rebelle (1905), focusing on the limits of representation of these non-conforming women.

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Muralidharan, Arundati. "Constrained Choices? Menstrual Health and Hygiene Needs Among Adolescents in Mumbai Slums." Indian Journal of Gender Studies 26, no. 1-2 (February 2019): 12–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521518808104.

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Menstruation, an essential and healthy biological function, is cloaked in a culture of silence. Sociocultural norms at the family and community level play a pivotal role in shaping how young unmarried women understand and manage their monthly period. Less is known about how unmarried young women living in low-income urban areas in India seek help for their menstrual needs. This qualitative study seeks to understand how young unmarried women (aged 15–24) living in a slum settlement understand menstruation and perceive menstrual problems, and identifies factors that influence their help-seeking behaviour for menstrual needs and problems. It also proposes recommendations for national health programmes addressing menstrual health and hygiene. The findings echo previous research findings emphasising young unmarried women’s low levels of awareness and misconceptions about menstruation. These girls perceived menstrual problems as a key concern, as it significantly interfered with their daily routine and caused emotional distress. Young women’s ability and willingness to seek help to address menstrual needs is influenced by a culture of silence that surrounds menstruation, excessive scrutiny and blaming by the community, and restrictions on their mobility and interactions with peers. The findings underscore the role of mothers as gatekeepers who greatly influence young women’s perceptions of menstruation and menstrual problems and their ability to seek help. Existing interventions need to be expanded to address young women’s need for emotional and social support, and to involve significant gatekeepers such as mothers in promoting the health and well-being of young unmarried women in slum communities. Intervention strategies should be expanded to enhance the capacity of mothers to recognise, understand and address their teenage daughters’ needs for information, emotional support and access to essential clinical and social services.

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Merklinger-Gruchala, Anna, and Maria Kapiszewska. "The Effect of Prenatal Stress, Proxied by Marital and Paternity Status, on the Risk of Preterm Birth." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020273.

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Uncertainty and insecurity in the relationship between the mother and father of a child are responsible for heightened maternal stress, which can lead to preterm birth (PTB). Different intensities of prenatal stress (proxied by four levels of marital status linked with the presence or absence of paternal data on birth records) were defined as the Marital-Father Data index. We assessed the impact of those varying intensities of prenatal stress on PTB with respect to parity among a group of Polish mothers residing in Krakow (N = 87,916). We found a pattern across the adjusted risk ratios (RR) of preterm birth that ordered these estimates in an increasing trend towards higher risk, beginning with the group of married mothers with father data present (baseline), through the groups of legitimizing marriages—married after conception with father data present (RR = 1.1; 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) 1.0–1.2) and unmarried mothers with father data present (RR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.2–1.5) to the group of unmarried mothers with father data absent (RR = 1.9; 95% CI 1.7–2.2). The adjusted p for the linear trend between Marital-Father Data index and PTB was less than 0.001. The adjusted effect of perceived prenatal stress differed with respect to parity (confirmed by statistically significant interactions between Marital-Father Data index levels and parity), with a higher magnitude of this effect noted among multiparous versus primiparous women. Low paternal involvement and support during pregnancy may negatively affect PTB risk and this effect may differ in relation to parity status. More attention should be paid to maternal pregnancy stress, especially of multiparous mothers, to decrease the risk of unfavorable birth outcomes.

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39

Liang, ZiHan, ManQi Yang, and YanYu Zhai. "Changing Perceptions of Chinese People toward Unmarried Women Giving Birth along with Social DevelopmentAn Analysis and Improvement of the Social Status of Unmarried Women Giving Birth through a Questionnaire Survey." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 5, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/5/20220464.

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This thesis takes as a starting point the gradual reduction of the traditional Chinese patriarchal society that is deeply rooted in the minds of Chinese people in today's Chinese society. Discuss why do men still hold extreme views on unmarried women and discriminate against unmarried women in Chinese society. To explore the influence of Confucianism on male chauvinization in Chinese society. It is concluded that the attitudes of modern Chinese society toward unmarried women who give birth to children have changed, Some men are increasing their inclusiveness for unmarried mothers through social education for the new era. But the overall attitudes are still not optimistic, Unmarried women in China should have more development space and employment space in the future. In the future, social discrimination against unmarried women and against their children should be reduced. These should be improved as a direction for future efforts in order to realize women's true self-worth.

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40

Tomgorova, Galina Nikolaevna. "Perspectives about Family Roles in Intergenerational Relationship in Full and Incomplete Families." Общество: социология, психология, педагогика, no. 11 (November 27, 2020): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/spp.2020.11.14.

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The paper reveals the problem of intergenerational relationship in the context of transgenerational factors that affect the behavior patterns of women of three generations in the same family. When studying the role structure of a family, you can see the causes of role clashes between family members that affect the choice of a model for building intra-family relationships. Thus, studying the role of the child will help you understand what exactly is invested in this understanding and how the heavy role of the child, in incomplete extended families, the responsibilities of adult family members affects the relationship with a partner in adulthood. Moreover, It is not less significant to understand the role of a grandmother, who is also involved in the upbringing of the child, in the absence of the father, and how the roles are distributed in “grandmother–mother–daughter” triad. Based on the study of two groups of respondents- unmarried women whose mothers are not married, and unmarried women whose mothers are married, the features of social perceptions of the distribution of intra-family roles and their impact on intergenerational relationships among women, leading to undesirable female loneliness in adult life, were revealed.

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41

De Vos, Susan, and Kerry Richter. "Household Headship Among Unmarried Mothers in Six Latin American Countries." Comparative Sociology 29, no. 3 (January 1, 1988): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854288x00300.

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42

Luddy, Maria. "Moral rescue and unmarried mothers in Ireland in the 1920s." Women's Studies 30, no. 6 (November 2001): 797–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00497878.2001.9979416.

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43

Teitler, Julien O., and Nancy E. Reichman. "Mental Illness as a Barrier to Marriage Among Unmarried Mothers." Journal of Marriage and Family 70, no. 3 (August 2008): 772–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2008.00520.x.

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44

Becker, Dana, and Howard A. Liddle. "Family Therapy with Unmarried African American Mothers and Their Adolescents." Family Process 40, no. 4 (December 2001): 413–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.2001.4040100413.x.

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45

Smith, Matthew Lee, Alethea L. Chiappone, and Kelly L. Wilson. "Parenting and Child Rearing Attitudes of Unmarried Hispanic Teenage Mothers." Journal of Child and Family Studies 26, no. 2 (October 18, 2016): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0582-7.

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46

De vos, S., and K. Richter. "Household Headship Among Unmarried Mothers in Six Latin American Gountries." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 29, no. 3-4 (September 1, 1988): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002071528802900304.

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47

Lamb, Michael E., Arthur B. Elster, Laura J. Peters, James S. Kahn, and Jane Tavare. "Characteristics of married and unmarried adolescent mothers and their partners." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 15, no. 6 (December 1986): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02146090.

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Rosen, D., M. S. Spencer, R. M. Tolman, D. R. Williams, and J. S. Jackson. "Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Dependence among Unmarried Low-Income Mothers." Health & Social Work 28, no. 2 (May 1, 2003): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/28.2.157.

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Lee, NaYeon, Yu-Jin Jeong, and Hyun-Kyung You. "Qualitative Research on Benefit-Receiving Experiences Among Unmarried Single Mothers." Korean Journal of Human Ecology 32, no. 6 (December 31, 2023): 735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5934/kjhe.2023.32.6.735.

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Park, Hae-Kyung, and Moon Hee Ko. "The Experiences of 'Becoming a Mother' of the Juvenile Unmarried Mothers residing in Shelter Facilities." Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research 2 (May 31, 2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.48000/kaqrkr.2017.2.1.

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