Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'University regulation'
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L'Huillier, Dominic. "Economic regulation of Queensland ports : market power and price regulation /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18085.pdf.
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Davis, Earl Hansford. "Essays on electricity regulation and restructuring." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202498657/.
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Isaacs, Sofie. "Stress-related Exhaustion and Emotion Regulation among University Students." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för psykologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-33974.
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Sasmono, R. Tedjo. "Transcriptional regulation of c-fms gene expression /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17479.pdf.
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Bagheri, Mansour. "Self-regulation and alcohol consumption : understanding university students' motivation for drinking." Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/selfregulation-and-alcohol-consumption-understanding-university-students-motivation-for-drinking(6101ee1e-0372-476f-8827-813549818533).html.
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This thesis examined self-regulation and motivational structure as two important psychological constructs related to alcohol consumption. Three studies were conducted for this thesis. Study One was designed to assess relationships among self-regulation, motivational structure, and alcohol use. Participants were student drinkers (N = 105, females = 77.7%, mean age = 19.82 years). They were asked to complete four questionnaires, including a brief demographic characteristics questionnaire, the Personal Concern Inventory, Alcohol Use Questionnaire, and Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire. The results partially supported one of the hypotheses of the study. Total SSRQ scores were negatively correlated with the amount of alcohol that students drank on atypical occasions, as was predicted. That is, as participants’ degree of self-regulation increased, the amount of alcohol that they consumed decreased. In Study Two, a manipulation technique was used to examine individuals’ self-regulation and to clarify whether a manipulation for changing their self-regulation caused their motivational structure to become more adaptive and thereby reduce their alcohol consumption. Participants were 80 students (males = 26.6 %, males, mean age = 21.19 years). The main purpose of Study Two was to examine the effects of a task that used Concept Identification Cards on participants’ self-regulation. The task aimed to enhance individuals’ self-regulation and clarify whether manipulations aimed at triggering changes in their motivational structure to become more adaptive would reduce their alcohol drinking. Two types of instruments were employed. The first type included those that were administered to identify changes in participants’ self-regulation, motivational structure, self-efficacy, procrastination and urges to drink. The second type included those that the experimenter used to manipulate self-regulation in the experimental group. The results partially supported one of the hypotheses of the study. Total SSRQ scores were negatively correlated with students ‘atypical drinking, as was predicted. That is, as participants’ degree of self-regulation increased, the amount of alcohol that they consumed decreased. However, the results only partially supported the fourth hypothesis of the study, viz. that motivational structure would partly mediate the relationship between self-regulation and amount of alcohol consumed. This outcome was not consistent with the results of previous studies. Study Three was designed to explore whether relationships among a withholding response, impulsivity, self-regulation, and memory capacity were related to one another and to drinking behaviour. The hypotheses tested in Study Three were as follows: (a) Participants who were heavy drinkers and low in self-regulation, high in impulsivity, and low in working memory capacity would perform more poorly than others on a Go/No Go task. (b) More errors would be made when the stimuli on Go/No Go trials were alcohol-related than when they were alcohol-unrelated. Participants were students (N = 108, male = 41.8%, males’ mean age = 19.86 years). Measures used in the study were a measure of (a) alcohol consumption, (b) impulsivity, and (c) self-regulation. In addition, two computerised tasks were used to measure participants’ behavioural impulsivity and memory capacity. The results of Study Three supported both of the hypotheses. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that self-regulation and related psychological constructs play an important role in university students’ alcohol consumption.
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Orcutt, Timothy Michael. "Dissecting the epigenetic regulation of V[beta] recombination." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07232007-100353/.
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V(D)J recombination in developing lymphocytes is essential for producing a diverse repertoire of antigen receptors (TCR and Ig). During recombination, the proteins encoded by the recombinase activating genes (RAG1 and RAG2) bind specific DNA sequences flanking individual V, D, and J coding segments within each antigen receptor gene, and introduce double strand DNA breaks at the coding sequence/targeting sequence boundaries. These double strand breaks are then repaired by ubiquitous DNA repair machinery to generate novel coding segment joints. The ability of each developing lymphocyte to independently assemble unique V(D)J joints results in the enormous diversity of antigen receptors expressed by our immune system. Despite a conserved enzymatic activity in both B and T lymphocytes, the assembly of T cell receptors (TCRs) and Immunoglobulins (Igs) in T and B cells respectively follows a highly orchestrated program in which the accessibility of individual targeting sequences varies during lymphocyte development. For example, when the TCRb locus is rearranged, it initially assembles joints between D and J elements. Only after DJ joining do upstream V sequences become accessible and rearrange with the preassembled DJ?s. We have previously shown that DJ rearrangement requires modification of the chromatin structure surrounding individual D and J segments via the coordinated actions of D-associated promoters and a single downstream enhancer. Like the D elements, each V element in TCRb is associated with a transcriptional promoter. But the role these V promoters play in V-to-DJ recombination remains unknown. Similarly, because enhancer deletion ablates D-to-J assembly, the potential role of enhancer activity in V recombination has not been directly tested. We hypothesize that V-to-DJ rearrangement requires both enhancer and promoter-dependent changes in the chromatin surrounding the V RAG binding site, as well as that surrounding the D 5? binding site. To test this hypothesis, I have constructed a panel of recombination substrates which harbor unrearranged or prerearranged DJ elements downstream from a single V element. These ?miniloci? were stably transfected into the chromatin of a recombinase-inducible T cell line, and the chromatin status, expression and recombination potential of each was assessed.
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Parmenter, Kathleen S. "Developmental regulation of axillary meristem initiation /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe.pdf.
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McShane, Michael K. "Strategic focus, liability issuance, and benefits of multi-jurisdictional regulation in the U.S. insurance industry /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=0&did=1417811501&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1220632536&clientId=22256.
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Piecewicz, Stephanie Marie. "Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan regulation of vasculogenesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63084.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-154).
Neovascularization is an essential process to repair ischemic tissues following myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetic complications, or transplant procedures. Blood vessels are generated by distinct vasculogenic and angiogenic processes. Although multiple proangiogenic factors have been identified, limited success has been achieved translating these as clinical therapeutics. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that vasculogenesis contributes to adult neovascularization in multiple settings. Harnessing the vasculogenic potential of embryonic stem cells is an emerging concept to generate neovasculature. The differentiation of embryonic stem cells into endothelium has been well documented, however most studies focus on genetic or chemokine regulation. Limited information exists which implicates the role of the extracellular microenvironment in stem cell differentiation. Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HSGAG) are a crucial part of the dynamic extracellular matrix and have been shown to regulate multiple signaling cascades, including vasculogenic specific growth factors VEGF and FGF. The goal of this thesis is to elucidate the role of HSGAG in vasculogenesis. An embryonic stem cell embryoid body model was used to establish the necessity of sulfated HSGAG for endothelial differentiation. We identified that the chemical composition of HSGAG sulfation patterns change with differentiation. Perturbation of HSGAG structure by chemical, enzymatic, or genetic modification effectively inhibited vasculogenesis. Genetic silencing of HSGAG modifying enzyme, N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1, translated to inhibition of HSGAG sulfation and resulted in impaired blood vessel development in zebrafish embryos. Interestingly, vessel formation in both embryonic stem cell and zebrafish models was restored by the addition of exogenous HSGAG, opening the door for engineering glyco-based microenvironments for controlling vascular development. To explore novel mechanisms of vasculogenesis modulated by HSGAG perturbation, we performed a global transcriptome analysis of N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 mutant zebrafish embryos. Several novel pathways were identified that regulate vascular differentiation, including Foxo3A and Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) pathways. We explored the role of IGFs in vasculogenesis specifically and determined for the first time that IGF1 and IGF2 promote mesoderm and endothelial differentiation, mediated through HIFl[alpha] stabilization, in embryonic stem cells. In summary, we've identified several mechanisms by which HSGAG regulate neovascularization, laying the groundwork for incorporating HSGAG in strategies for ischemic tissue regeneration.
by Stephanie Marie Piecewicz.
Ph.D.
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Marr, John W. "Student perceptions of speech regulation at Stanford University : a survey of seniors /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487843688959929.
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Evans, Timothy Martin. "Molecular events in hedgehog signalling : regulation by vesicular trafficking and sterols /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18704.pdf.
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Wang, Shu-Ching Mary. "Functional role and transcriptional regulation of the novel SOX18 gene /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18003.pdf.
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Hempel, Nadine. "Gene regulation of the human SULT1A sulfotransferases /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18151.pdf.
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Cho, Jaeyong. "HRPAP20 in Ovarian Cancer and Its Regulation of AP-2 in Breast Cancer." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1229809878.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Cincinnati, 2009.Advisors: Arthur Buckley PhD (Committee Chair), Giovanni Pauletti PhD (Committee Member), Karen Gregerson PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed April 25, 2009). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Weidenbach, Vanda Geraldine. "The influence of self-regulation on instrumental practice /." View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030911.123107/index.html.
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Schaub, Kristin. "Non-suicidal self-injury, attachment, emotion regulation and childhood trauma in university students." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18475.
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The current study examined risk factors associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), by comparing university students who self-injure with a control group on measures of attachment, emotion regulation, and childhood trauma. The sample consisted of 1400 university students (74% female; M = 19.76), who completed a screening questionnaire examining coping strategies. Those identified as self-injurers and who were willing to complete a follow-up (N = 55; 6 male, 49 female) along with a matched control group completed a follow-up study examining risk factors of NSSI. MANOVAs were employed and significant multivariate effects were found on attachment subscales (NSSI showing more negative attachment) and emotion regulation subscales (NSSI having fewer emotion regulation skills), but not for childhood trauma. Univariate effects were examined for attachment and emotion regulation revealing significant differences between groups on all subscales, with the exceptions of the "Secure" subscale for attachment and the "Emotional Awareness" subscale for emotion regulation.Cette étude examinera les risques d'être auto-blessant en comparant un groupe d'étudiant universitaire qui exerce cette pratique contre un groupe contrôle sous les paramètres de l'attachement, du contrôle de ses émotions et le traumatisme d'enfance. L'échantillon fut composé de 1400 étudiants universitaires (364 mâles, 1036 femelles; M = 19.76), qui ont rempli un questionnaire préliminaire dans le cadre d'un projet plus général qui vise les stratégies d'ajustement. Ceux qui furent identifiés en tant qu'auto-blessant et qui étaient intéressés à poursuivre cette étude (N = 55; 6 mâles, 49 femelles) ont reçu un suivi, avec un groupe contrôle, examinant les facteurs risques d'être auto-blessant. Trois MANOVA furent utilisés et plusieurs effets multivariables ont été trouvés pour l'attachement et le contrôle d'émotion mais aucune pour les traumatismes d'enfance. Des effets univariables furent examinés pour l'attachement et le contrôle d'émotion démontrant d'importantes différences d'un groupe à l'autre, avec l'exception des facteurs de sécurité pour l'attachement et des facteurs de consciences émotionnelles pour le contrôle d'émotion.
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Cloete, Anke. "Self–regulation, psychopathology and gender in a group of university students / Anke Cloete." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4639.
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Self–regulation is a psychological skill that helps individuals to flexibly plan, execute
and monitor their own behaviour. The key self–regulation processes include goal
establishment, planning, the striving towards a goal and the revision thereof. Although it is
clear that poor self–regulation is associated with psychopathology, the role gender plays is not
well understood. Some differences between men and women suggest that gender may be a
possible factor in self–regulation and the development of specific forms of psychopathology.
The aim of this study was therefore to determine the relationship between self–regulation,
psychopathology and gender amongst a group of university students.
Participants consisted of an availability sample of 384 (284 female and 100 male)
students at the NWU’s Potchefstroom Campus. Self–Regulation was measured with the
Shortened Self–Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) of Carey, Neal and Collins (2004). In this
study, the factor structure proposed by Potgieter and Botha (2009), based on a factor analysis
of the SSRQ in the South–African context, was used. Psychopathology was measured with the
General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) of Goldberg and Hiller (1979) as well as with a selfcompiled
Alcohol and Eating Risk Questionnaire (AERQ). Data were captured and analysed
using SAS.
The two gender groups did not differ clearly regarding either self–regulation or
psychopathology. This supports other studies that found no gender differences in specific selfregulation
contexts, but contradicts a number of studies which indicate gender differences
related to psychopathology. Interesting tendencies were noted regarding the association between self–regulation
and psychopathology, independently for male and female students. Decision making and
learning from mistakes, was found to be an important self–regulatory skill for both gender
groups in this study, but with practical significance for male students only. For male students,
differences in self–regulation were found regarding lower and higher risk for alcohol–related
problems in contrast to female students, where differences were found only regarding risk for
eating–related problems. It is more acceptable for males to misuse alcohol than it is for
females in many societies, and this might explain why self–regulation is important for men
regarding alcohol use. Current cultural values, attitudes, and practices and social norms, with
particular emphasis on the sexualisation and objectification of women and their bodies,
contribute to eating disorders and body image distress in females across their life span and
specifically in college women. Thus, self–regulation becomes more important for females, as
they are more vulnerable to eating–related problems.
It was concluded that there is an important relationship between self–regulation and
psychopathology, and in this study this relationship was found to be somehow different for
male and female students. The results of this study have great implications both for further
research and for clinical practice.Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Dickinson, Joanne L. "The regulation and function of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 /." [St Lucia, Qld.], 1995. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18712.pdf.
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Xia, Ninuo. "Non-coding RNA's role in epigenetic gene regulation." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=109&did=1871884811&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=7&retrieveGroup=0&VType=PQD&VInst=PROD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1270486124&clientId=48051.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-122). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
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Young, Sherman. "An evaluation of the implementation of online services content regulation in Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18119.pdf.
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Mack, Peter J. (Peter Joseph) 1980. "Biomechanical regulation of arteriogenesis : defining critical endothelial-dependent events." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45910.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-101).
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major health concern for Americans and people worldwide. Arteriogenesis, an adaptive remodeling process in which pre-existing collateral arterioles remodel to form large diameter conductance arteries, has received recent attention for its therapeutic potential in treating CHD, but the mechanisms regulating the process remain incompletely understood. In particular, little is known about how collateral flow, and the resulting effect of shear stress acting along the collateral vessel wall, regulates coronary collateralization. This Thesis combines a series of experimental systems to define the responses evoked in endothelial cells exposed to hemodynamic waveforms characteristic of coronary collateral vessels and the subsequent paracrine effects on smooth muscle cells. Initially, a lumped parameter model of the human coronary collateral circulation was used to simulate normal (NCC) and adaptive remodeling (ACC) coronary collateral shear stress waveforms. These waveforms were then applied to cultured human endothelial cells (EC) and the resulting differences in EC gene expression were assessed by genome-wide transcriptional profiling, identifying genes distinctly regulated by collateral flow, including genes important for endothelial-smooth muscle interactions. In particular, the transcription factor KLF2 was upregulated by the ACC waveform and several of its downstream targets displayed the expected modulation, including the downregulation of Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Moreover, delivery of endothelial conditioned medium generated throughout the collateral flow experiments to culture smooth muscle cells (SMC) resulted in the modulation of SMC genes related to vessel maturation and stabilization. In the second part of this Thesis, the effect of endothelial KLF2 expression on SMC migration was characterized using a 3D microfluidic assay capable of monitoring SMC migration in co-culture with EC. Using this 3D system, it was found that KLF2-expressing EC co-cultured with SMC significantly reduce SMC migration compared to control EC and that this reduction can be rescued by delivery of soluble CTGF.
(cont.) Collectively, these results demonstrate that the shear stress generated by collateral flow evokes distinct EC gene expression profiles and functional phenotypes that subsequently influence vascular events important for adaptive remodeling and provides experimental evidence supporting efforts directed at investigating endothelial KLF2 as a molecular target for therapeutic arteriogenesis.
by Pater J. Mack.
Ph.D.
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Walsh, Nicole Cherie. "The regulation and function of murine tartrate resistant acid phosphatase /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17572.pdf.
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Kaplan, Fred M. "Formation and regulation of the Notchic transcription complex." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc//view?acc_num=ucin1204685263.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisors: Anthony Capobianco PhD (Committee Chair), Carolyn Price PhD (Committee Member), Joanna Groden PhD (Committee Member), Jerry Lingrel PhD (Committee Member), Kenji Fukasawa PhD (Committee Member), Rhett Kovall PhD (Committee Member). Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed May 29, 2010). Keywords: Notch; multimer; phosphorylation. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Willadsen, Kai. "Robustness in Boolean models of genetic regulatory systems /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20061115.135112/index.html.
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Ji, Mikyoung Lee. "Superoxide Reductase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus: its Function, Regulation, and Biotechnological Applications." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04172007-095920/.
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The anaerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furious, possesses a system for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, which is different from the classical defense mechanisms present in aerobes. P. furiosus employs a novel enzyme system centered on the enzyme superoxide reductase (SOR), which reduces superoxide molecules to hydrogen peroxide without producing oxygen. Surprisingly, P. furiosus SOR, unlike many P. furiosus enzymes, was shown to function at low temperature (<25o C). A model for superoxide reduction by SOR was proposed where the electrons used by SOR to reduce superoxide are supplied by a small iron containing protein, rubredoxin (Rd), and Rd is reduced by the oxidoreductase, NAD(P)H-rubredoxin oxidoreductase (NROR). The first objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of the proposed superoxide reduction pathway by using the recombinant SOR, Rd and NROR enzymes in an in vitro assay as well as to demonstrate in vivo function via complementation studies in superoxide detoxification deficient Escherichia coli strains. The second objective was to investigate the transcriptional expression levels of genes that are involved in the SOR-centered superoxide reduction pathway in order to determine how these genes are expressed and regulated in response to various oxidative stresses. The third objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the biotechnological application of this superoxide detoxification system by expressing SOR in plant cells, which enhanced their survival at high temperature and from drought indicating that it functions successfully in vivo. The fourth objective of this study was the characterization of glutathione reductase (GR) from a psychrophile, Colwellia psychrerythraea, which is stable at low temperatures and protects cells from free radicals by serving as a reductant. The C. psychrerythraea GR gene was cloned into an E. coli-based recombinant expression system. Recombinant C. psychrerythrae GR was expressed and purified. The recombinant GR showed significant activity at low temperature (4C). The P. furiosus superoxide reduction system genes and GR from C. psychrerythraea can be engineered into plants (Arabidopsis) to aid in combating damage caused by oxidative stress when plants undergo rapid changes in temperature, high light or UV exposure, or drought conditions.
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Rutta, Acleus Stanislaus Malinzi Sansanee Chaiyaroj. "Cytokine response and genetic regulation in children and adults with cerebral malaria disease /." Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-AcleusS.pdf.
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Liu, Yudan. "Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area: role of L-type calcium channels in firing regulation /." Internet access available to MUN users only. Search for this title in:, 2009.
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Murray, Cathy Maureen. "Regulation of cholesterol ester transfer protein by dietary lipids /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,170168.
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Holly, Shareen. "Non-suicidal self-injury among university students: examining emotion regulation, self-control, and social learning." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103472.
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Due to reports of high rates of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents and young adults in the community, researchers have begun to examine the role of risk factor and social influence of NSSI on the initiation and maintenance of these behaviours among youth. Despite numerous reports of the social factors that surround youth who engage in NSSI, the need for a more comprehensive understanding about the learning mechanisms involved in NSSI engagement has arisen. The present study sought to examine differences between groups of self-injurers and non-self-injurers on the dimensions of emotion regulation and self-control, as well as the presence of social learning related to NSSI. Additionally, the present study directly examined the predictive power of each variable with regard to the likelihood of initial engagement in NSSI, as well as high frequency NSSI. A series of psychosocial measures were completed by first-year university students, and results were compared across groups of self-injurers and non-self-injurers. Results indicated that self-injurers differed from non-self-injurers in all three areas examined, reporting more difficulties in emotion regulation and lower levels of self-control in most areas. In addition, self-injurers reported a higher level of social learning in two of the three areas of social learning examined. For initial NSSI engagement, social learning was found to be the strongest predictor, with emotion regulation also predicting NSSI to a lesser extent. In contrast, emotion regulation was the only variable that significantly predicted a self-injurer's likelihood of engaging in high frequency NSSI. Neither social learning nor self-control played a role in the occurrence of frequent NSSI among self-injurers. It is possible that for some, the first episode of NSSI may be related to either social learning factors, emotion regulations difficulties, or both, whereas the same behaviour may continue at a high frequency for reasons more closely tied to its emotion regulatory benefits. This shift in functional reinforcement is explored in relation to recent publications in the field, and implications for researchers and service providers are discussed.L'automutilation non-suicidaire (AMNS) est un phénomène qui prend de plus en plus d'ampleur chez nos jeunes. Certains chercheurs ont donc entamé des études, afin d'identifier les facteurs de risques et les influences sociales qui initient et encouragent l'AMNS dans cette portion de la population. Malgré les nombreux facteurs sociaux qui peuvent influencer un jeune à s'initier à l'AMNS, plusieurs scientifiques ont débuté des recherches plus approfondies sur les mécanismes d'apprentissages liés à l'AMNS. Ces dernières ont tenté d'établir des différences entre les groupes de personnes auto-blessantes et ceux qui ne s'auto-blessent pas. En particulier, dans le domaine de la maitrise de soi-même et de la capacité à régulariser leurs émotions ainsi que tous les facteurs sociaux qui pourraient inciter une personne à entamer l'AMNS. De plus, cette étude s'est penchée sur l'influence de chacun de ces facteurs dans sa contribution à l'initiation à l'AMNS et sa contribution aux fréquences élevées de l'utilisation de l'AMNS. Une série de mesures psychosociales a été complétée auprès d'étudiants dans leur première année universitaire dont la moitié s'identifiait comme personne qui pratique l'AMNS ou qui l'avait déjà pratiqué. Les résultats démontrent que les personnes auto-blessantes différaient des personnes qui ne s'auto-blessaient pas dans les trois domaines examinés, témoignant des difficultés à régulariser leurs émotions et à avoir moins de maitrise sur soi-même dans la plupart des domaines examinés. De plus, les personnes auto-blessantes subissent plus intensément l'influence sociale dans deux des trois domaines étudiés. Pour prédire l'engendrement de l'AMNS, la capacité de régulariser ses émotions et l'apprentissage sociale sont les facteurs prépondérants. Par contre, la maitrise de soi-même ne semble pas contribuer de façon significative à ce qu'une personne se joigne au groupe d'AMNS. Finalement, la régularisation de ses émotions est le seul facteur ayant un lien probant avec la fréquence élevée d'AMNS. Ni la maitrise de soi-même ni l'apprentissage sociale n'influencent la fréquence de l'AMNS chez une personne auto-blessante. Il est possible que la première tentative d'AMNS soit reliée à la régularisation des émotions et aux facteurs d'apprentissage social, mais une personne qui continue cette pratique le fait plus particulièrement pour des raisons de renforcement automatique. Cette modification du système de renforcement fonctionnel est étudiée par rapport à des publications récentes sur le sujet, et les implications pour les chercheurs et les intervenants en milieu social seront discutées en conséquence.
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Khosa, Deep. "Processes of metacognitive regulation and knowledge co-construction in case-based collaborative learning at university." Thesis, Khosa, Deep (2014) Processes of metacognitive regulation and knowledge co-construction in case-based collaborative learning at university. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/22866/.
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Providing students with professionally relevant critical thinking and life-long learning skills is an important consideration for tertiary level education. Given that it can be argued that professional learning is predominantly collaborative in nature, this necessitates the development of skills that facilitate learning effectively with and from peers. The considerable benefits of collaborative learning are well established in the literature, with the cognitive gains well documented and substantiated. It is also recognised that groups of students simply cooperating to manage a group task is not as effective as engagement in productive collaborative processes to achieve learning outcomes. Group learning activities are often considered a challenge to implement in tertiary level education, as students may prefer and be accustomed to teaching styles that promote individual forms of learning, which may have led to previous academic success.
The research presented here was conducted with veterinary medical students engaged in collaborative clinical case-based learning, where they were required to apply complex medical knowledge to authentic clinical cases. Although effective collaborative learning and case-based learning have attracted much attention in the veterinary medical and broader education literature, little attention has been focused on the effectiveness of facilitating groups of students working on case-based learning, so that they may productively learn from each other. There has also been little research scrutinising the nature and significance of productive cognitive engagement and metacognitive regulation in collaborative learning activities that involve complex medical knowledge.
This research had three primary aims. The first was to investigate the effectiveness of a metacognitive intervention aimed at facilitating groups of students to engage in productive collaborative learning while working on clinical case records. The second was to investigate the extent to which differences in groups’ cognitive engagement and metacognitive regulation can contribute to explaining differences in group learning outcomes. The third aim was to explore students’ and their teacher’s perceptions and reflections on the use of a collaborative concept mapping task. These three aims were addressed in two interrelated studies (Study 1, Study 2 and a follow up to Study 2). The first aim was addressed in Study 1. In the context of a real-life collaborative clinical case-based learning assignment, a contextualised metacognitive intervention introduced students to strategies aimed at enhancing learning through meaning making in group interactions and high-level questioning. In a comparison of intervention and control cohorts, it was found to be possible to foster veterinary medical students’ engagement in effective learning from and with their peers. Results from self-reported questionnaire data showed that the intervention cohort found their case-based learning task less challenging than the control cohort. The intervention students were also observed spending more of their group meeting time on content-related discussions, a finding that was supported by students’ self-reported estimations of time spent discussing content versus organisational matters. The intervention cohort spent more time discussing content related matters, but there was minimal engagement in the most desired high-level content-related discussions. These findings prompted the question of how students actually engage in effective collaborative learning, addressing the second research aim.
The second aim was addressed in Study 2. In the context of the same collaborative case-based assignment, but with a new cohort of students, two tasks (informal group meeting and concept mapping) were host to the analysis of group learning interactions. The cognitive and metacognitive regulation processes of two groups with disparate learning outcomes were analysed using a fine-grained, theory-based, contextualised coding scheme. Results of these analyses revealed meaningful differences in interactive learning processes. The higher performing group showed evidence of spending more of their overall group efforts in co-constructing knowledge. In comparison, the lower performing group expended more effort simply co-producing the task. While no differences were found in the two groups’ amount of metacognitive regulation, statistically significant differences were found regarding their respective depth of engagement in metacognitive regulation, with the higher performing group directing more of their metacognitive regulatory efforts at high-level meaning making.
The third research aim, addressed in a follow-up to Study 2, was an empirical study analysing students’ and their teacher’s perceptions and reflections of the concept mapping task, but this time embedded in regular teaching (same clinical case-based assignment) and with a new cohort. Two major themes pertaining to learning from concept maps emerged from students’ reflections: the value of concept mapping for case knowledge understanding; and the use of concept mapping to assess the level and progress of group understanding. Their teacher’s reflections were consistent with the view that concept mapping is valuable in case-based learning to enhance students’ understanding of complex knowledge. The value of concept mapping to address some of the learning challenges experienced by students when tackling case-based assignments was also emphasised.
This research made two important contributions to the rapidly expanding research on productive collaborative learning and interpersonal regulation in collaborative learning. First, it provided evidence that it is possible to enhance the ways in which groups of students work together, increasing the amount of time spent on productive knowledge construction, rather than simply managing and organising the task. This addressed a gap in veterinary medical education research, and contributed to the higher education literature by examining the impact of an intervention that targeted groups of students rather than individual learners who typically have been the focus in the research to date. Second, it addressed the issue of how students engage in effective collaborative learning. A theory-based, contextualised coding scheme was developed, which was sensitive enough to scrutinise and analyse the dynamic and complex nature of interpersonal regulation, helping to explain groups’ differing learning outcomes. This contributed to the nascent but rapidly expanding body of research on interactive data analysis, and research involving interpersonal regulation and its association with learning outcomes.
Educational implications and future directions are discussed. These include the implications of investigating learning interactions in groups with successful learning outcomes, the use of concept mapping in teaching that involves complex medical knowledge, particularly in case-based learning, and the future development of innovative, analytic methodologies to examine collaborative regulation processes in real-life learning settings. Given the increasing use of collaborative learning activities from universities through to the workplace, investigating how to facilitate, and study the nature of productive collaborative learning is likely to dominate the research agenda in years to come.
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Frazer, David Michael. "The molecular basis of intestinal iron absorption and its regulation /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17396.pdf.
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Chang, Xiaoqing. "Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the regulation of cell cycle progression in the absense of xenobiotic ligands." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1179423103.
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Mortimore, Marianne. "The regulation of monocyte and macrophage iron metabolism in heriditary haemochromatosis / Marianne Mortimore." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17518.pdf.
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Li, Dongsheng. "The role of HCV core protein in the regulation of HCV replication /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18009.pdf.
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Bui, Thi Hien. "EFL undergraduate students' perspectives and experiences of the flipped classroom at a Vietnamese university." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2512.
Full textAbstract:
The flipped classroom has been increasingly used in higher education worldwide, and more recently in developing countries. The pedagogy involves a ‘flip’ of direct instruction being conducted online prior to class and learning activities demanding higher order thinking occurring in subsequent, face-to-face classrooms.
While the flipped classroom has been well-researched in Western countries such as the USA, the UK and Australia, little is known about the implementation of the flipped classroom in a developing country like Vietnam. Here, the flipped classroom poses challenges to teachers’ and students’ traditional perspectives of teaching and learning, and to levels of infrastructure and training. To date, no studies have examined the perspectives of, and learning experiences in the flipped classroom for Vietnamese English as Foreign Language (EFL) undergraduate students. This study was conducted to address this gap.
This study explored undergraduate students’ perspectives, and their learning experiences, in one case study university in Vietnam. The university had mandated the use of the flipped classroom in EFL courses in 2015 and the major aim of this study was to investigate how students were dealing with the pedagogy. Utilising symbolic interactionism as the theoretical perspective, the study employed two data collection methods, interviews, and observations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 EFL students and five EFL teachers; 30 observations of students’ learning activities occurred in both online learning and face-to-face classes. Data were thematically analysed to explore EFL students’ perspectives and learning experiences within a flipped classroom environment, and to triangulate these with the perspectives of the teachers responsible for carrying out the flipped classroom model.
The study revealed five important findings. First, students showed their preferences for surface learning over deep learning in the flipped classroom. Second, higher-achieving students were engaged in deeper learning, but lower-achieving students struggled to move beyond surface learning. Third, students revealed limited understandings of the demands of flipped classroom learning; what was required to engage effectively and its strategic goals in EFL education. Fourth, students expressed a range of beliefs about self-regulated and metacognitive strategies, but these revealed inconsistencies across the cohort. Fifth, there were a range of individual and contextual factors that affected students’ surface learning in the flipped classroom.
This study has several implications for Vietnamese higher education institutions wishing to adopt EFL flipped classroom learning. These include raising institutional awareness for preparing the management change agenda, focusing on students’ learning approaches and skills needed for the flipped classroom, and providing ongoing professional development and support for teachers and curriculum designers regarding theories underpinning the flipped classroom.
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Strom, Chrisitna Nelson. "Salinity Regulation of Prolactin Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis in the Euryhaline Teleost, the Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus)." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08062008-095001/.
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The euryhaline tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, has the ability to live in both freshwater (FW) and saltwater (SW) environments. Prolactin (PRL) is the most critical hormone to promoting life in FW, and without it tilapia loses the capacity to osmoregulate in hypotonic environments. Consistent with PRLâs actions in FW adaptation, pituitary PRL synthesis, content, secretion, and cell activity are all elevated in FW compared to SW acclimated tilapia We found that the PRL region of a FW tilapia pituitary has a 3-fold larger volume than the PRL region of a SW pituitary. It is unclear whether this increased tissue volume is due to larger cells (hypertrophy) or more cells (hyperplasia). Therefore, we evaluated if PRL cell proliferation and apoptosis might be sensitive to salinity and could account for the greater abundance of PRL in FW versus SW fish. Freshwater tilapia were transferred to either SW or sham transferred to FW and SW fish were moved to either FW or SW over a time course of 7 days. Pituitaries were sampled over the course of salinity challenge and triple stained for determination of lactotroph cell density (nuclei staining with Hoescht dye), proliferation (BrdU labeling) and apoptosis (TUNEL assay). Lactotrophs were identified by immunostaining using tilapia specific PRL antisera. Lactotroph cell densities were 40% lower in FW than SW fish and declined when fish were transferred from SW to FW (P < 0.001). The larger volume of the PRL cell region within the pituitary area combined with lower number of lactotrophs per unit area suggests that the cells are larger in FW than SW acclimated fish. There were negligible levels of apoptosis in lactotrophs and salinity was ineffective in regulating programmed cell death. By contrast, we found a dramatic effect of salinity on lactotroph cell proliferation. The pituitaries of FW tilapia show a higher rate of PRL cell proliferation than those of SW fish. During transfer from SW to FW proliferation increased by almost 20-fold compared with controls (P < 0.001). When fish were transferred from FW to SW, proliferation declined within 1 day to levels observed in sham transferred SW fish. The enhanced proliferation combined with increased volume of the pituitary PRL cell region, decline in lactotroph cell density, and presumed increase in cell volume, suggests that the tilapia lactotroph undergoes hypertrophy and hyperplasia in FW environments. Apoptosis appears to play little role in regulating lactotroph density under different salinities. Overall, these results suggest that the elevated production and content of PRL critical to life in FW is mediated, in part, through enhanced lactotroph proliferation and hypertrophy.
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McLauchlan, Timothy E. "Exploring parenting interventions to improve outcomes for children : the impact of emotion regulation and behaviour management /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19827.pdf.
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Weston, David J. "The molecular and ecophysiological roles of Rubisco activase and Rubisco activase likes in photosynthetic thermal regulation of Acer rubrum L. and Arabidopsis thaliana." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1171041406.
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Qin, Minhua. "Regulation of genes in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18501.pdf.
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Lambert, Richard Harlan. "Regulation of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase in the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/459231.
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Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus exhibiting either a budding yeast or hyphal phase. A shift from the yeast phase to the hyphal phase can generally be induced by increasing the temperature of incubation from 25°C to 37°C. This shift occurs over a four hour period as approximately 90% of the yeast cells form germ tubes during this time.Interestingly, the specific activity of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase increases during the shift in vegetative cell types and begins to decrease after the 4 hour period. Utilizing the protein synthesis inhibitor tricodermin, we have demonstrated that the increase in specific activity requires de novo protein synthesis.SAM synthetase was characterized (in vitro) by kinetic analysis and response to putative inhibitors. The yeast phase enzyme had an apparent Km of 0.17 mM for methionine, 0.14 mM for ATP and is inhibited by dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO), methionine sulfone and methionine sulfoxide. The hyphal phase enzyme has an apparent Km of 0.06 mM for methionine, 0.02 mM for ATP and its activity is enhanced by the three inhibitors. This preliminary data suggests the presence of isozymes in Candida albicans and the possibility of morphology predominant form.The in vivo studies revealed that the addition of methionine inhibited enzyme activity. In addition, 1 mg/ml cycloleucine (in the presence of methionine) induced the activity of this enzyme, indicating that SAM (along with methionine) is a co-effector of enzyme activity and/or synthesis.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
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Ball, Stephen William Damian. "Regulation of N-acetylglutamate levels through glutaminase activity : a potential mediator of urea synthesis /." Internet access available to MUN users only, 2003. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,169231.
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Dora, Ayse Gizem. "The Contribution Of Self-control, Emotion Regulation, Rumination, And Gender To Test Anxiety Of University Students." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614400/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between gender, self-control, emotion regulation, rumination and test anxiety. In other words, the study aimed at investigating how well each of the mentioned independent
variables contributes to explain variance of test anxiety. The participants (N=188) were reached by convenient sampling procedure. The sample consisted of preparatory students studying in a private university in Ankara. Data were collected by a demographic form and four scales as Test Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger, 1980), Self-Control Scale (Tangney,
Baumeister, &Boone, 2004), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross &
John, 2003), and Ruminative Response Scale (Treynor, Gonzalez, &
Nolen-Hoeksema, 2003). For this study, hierarchical multiple regression analysis was utilized to examine the data. The results revealed that gender, self-control, two emotion regulation strategies (cognitive reappraisal and suppression) and also brooding as a ruminative response significantly correlated to test anxiety of university students. Furthermore, self-control and cognitive reappraisal were found to be correlated with test anxiety stronger than the other independent variables. Reflection as another ruminative response was not found to be correlating with test anxiety within the suggested model. The findings obtained from the present study are discussed with regards to the related literature, and conclusions were drawn accordingly.
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Šćepanović, Danilo (Danilo R. ). "A model of sinoatrial node cell regulation by the autonomic nervous system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68457.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 243-260).
The primary function of the heart is to pump blood at a sufficient rate to ensure perfusion of all the organs. This vital task is achieved in large part by controlling the rate of cardiac contractions, which are initiated by cells in the sinoatrial node, the "pacemaker" of the heart. The oscillation rate of these spontaneously active cells is tightly regulated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system. Our understanding of sinoatrial node cell function has been greatly advanced by experimental and modeling efforts that quantitatively describe the numerous ionic currents responsible for the cell's spontaneous depolarization and generation of the action potential. Several models have also explored the effect of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity on specific ion channels and have reproduced the classic slowing and acceleration phenomena. However, a complete model of this interaction does not exist: current models lack the ability to simulate simultaneous sympathetic and parasympathetic activation or to reproduce heart rate dynamics in response to time-varying autonomic inputs. We addressed this need by constructing a bottom-up model of sinoatrial node cell regulation by the autonomic nervous system, with a focus on reproducing the full range of heart rates observed under simultaneous sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve stimulation, as well as the dynamic heart rate response to steps in sympathetic or parasympathetic stimulation rate. In constructing our model, we consolidate a large body of experimental data in a consistent mathematical framework. The model comprises 57 nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations based on first principles and the current mechanistic understanding of the component reactions, fits well all the experimental data used to build the model, and reproduces high-level features of the system that were not explicitly fit when building the model. The detailed nature of the model also allows numerous conclusions to be drawn about the mechanisms of heart rate control. A better understanding of these mechanisms in health and disease may enable the development of better diagnostics for cardiovascular disease and more targeted drug design. We also identified a number of limitations in the present model that can be refined through further experimental and numerical efforts.
by Danilo Šćepanović.
Ph.D.
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Wong, Chung Fai. "Regulation of squamous differentiation by the E2F family of transcription factors /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18332.pdf.
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Sheehy, Benedict. "Regulating the University: Examining the Regulatory Framework of Australian University." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/8954.
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The regulatory framework for the Australian university has brought about a radical transformation of the Australian university. The changes to the framework shifted the burden for resourcing from government to students and introduced a wide variety of competition based regulatory instruments. The Australian university has been successful in generating these resources, primarily from selling education to international students and has become a world-leader in the export of higher education. However, the other effects of the regulatory changes have been less positive. The thesis seeks to evaluate the regulatory change from the perspective of regulatory coherence. That is, rather than political or economic evaluations, the thesis examines the regulation from a legal, mechanical perspective.
The changes to the regulation reflect a broader societal shift from the welfare state to the regulatory state. For regulation to be successful it must be coherent within itself including taking adequate account of the extant institutions and social arrangements. This thesis provides a coherence analysis of the regulation. It is composed of eight chapters. After the introductory chapter, the thesis commences with a chapter reviewing regulatory theory and developing a theory of regulatory coherence. This theory is a new theory which facilitates a focus on the mechanical aspects of the regulation. The next chapter develops the analysis by examining the regulatory framework. This part of the thesis provides detailed analysis of the regulation, in particular, its instruments and accountability structures. It then turns in Chapter 4 to examine the policy-regulatory questions of public versus private providing a basis for evaluation of coherence. Next it turns in Chapters 5 and 6 to an examination of the institution of the university and its corporate organisational form. To capture the complexity of the university, the thesis takes an interdisciplinary view of the phenomenon. The penultimate chapter then provides an evaluation of the regulatory framework as against theory of regulatory coherence. The concluding chapter of the thesis reiterates the finding that fundamental incoherence impairs the well functioning of the institution and its organisations.Prof Stephen Bottomley
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Stead, Lori M. "Regulation of homocysteine metabolism /." 2004.
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Jacobs, René Lee. "Hormonal regulation of homocysteine metabolism /." 2002.
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"The cognitive cost of mood regulation." Tulane University, 1994.
Find full textAbstract:
An experiment tested the hypothesis that cognitive load had a direct effect on the ability to mood regulate. Two variables were manipulated to test this relationship: Cognitive load (high vs. low) and mood management (instruction vs. no instruction). After undergoing a negative mood induction, all subjects were randomly assigned to one of four conditions created by the cross of the between subjects variables. Subjects rated their mood both before and after the cognitive load and mood management manipulation. Although some marginal evidence indicated that subjects in low cognitive load conditions were able to mood regulate and subjects in high cognitive load conditions were not, a clear interpretation of this finding was prevented by an unexpected sampling break prior to the load manipulation. Hypotheses related to the mood management manipulation were not supported. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for further research on mood repairacase@tulane.edu
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"Growth regulation during mouse limb development." Tulane University, 1991.
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Mechanisms regulating the growth and pattern formation of the developing limb remain largely unknown. The approach which we have developed is based on using established cell lines as probes to monitor the embryonic environment. The attraction for using cell lines as probe for biological activity is twofold; (1) the tremendous number of murine cell line which have been developed of which very little is known regarding their biological activity during embryogenesis in vivo, (2) the relative ease with which cell line can be genetically manipulated through transfection and/or viral infection. In developing this approach we first developed a reliable means of labeling cells, and second we developed both in vivo and in vitro approaches designed at testing limb cells for their biological activity In our studies we have used 3T3 cells, an embryonic fibroblast cell line, to test for mitogenic and morphogenetic signals regulating limb development. We found that 3T3 cells appear sensitive to mitogenic signals which are being produced by limb cells both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, the growth of 3T3 cells directly correlates with the growth of limb cells, and that this correlation is maintained along the proximal-distal axis. 3T3 cells also appear to be responsive to signals which are involved in the recruitment of cells into a variety of limb mesodermal structures (i.e. connective tissues). The results from our studies indicate that continual cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions are occurring throughout limb development, thus limb development cannot be entirely explained by cell autonomy environment. Furthermore, it appears that the signals involved in the growth and morphological regulation of 3T3 cells are locally available, thus arguing against the presence of diffusible signals In this dissertation we have described an approach which utilizes 3T3 cells as probes for biological activity of the embryonic activity. We feel that combining both in vivo and in vitro approaches greatly enhances our chances of isolating developmentally important signals involved in the regulation of growth and patterning during limb developmentacase@tulane.edu
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Ellwein, Laura Marie. "Cardiovascular and respiratory regulation, modeling and parameter estimation." 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08172008-230815/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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