Academic literature on the topic 'University of London. Moral Sciences Board'

It is with regret that we record the death after illness of Dr John Jenkins (died February 2003). John was a reader in computer science at Middlesex University having previously been on the faculties of Ciyu University and Imperial College, London. He was a long-term member of the Journal of Information Technology's international advisory board and is particularly remembered for his support for the Journal of Information Technology in its early years before it had become established as a major international journal. He will be missed.

Background: Moral distress is one of intensive care unit nurses’ major problems, which may happen due to various reasons, and has several consequences. Due to various moral distress outcomes in intensive care unit nurses, and their impact on nurses’ personal and professional practice, recognizing moral distress is very important. Research objective: The aim of this study was to determine correlation between moral distress with burnout and anticipated turnover in intensive care unit nurses. Research design: This study is a descriptive-correlation research. Participants and research context: A total of 159 intensive care unit nurses were selected from medical sciences universities in Iran. Data collection instruments included “demographic questionnaire,” “ICU Nurses’ Moral Distress Scale,” “Copenhagen Burnout Inventory” and “Hinshaw and Atwood Turnover Scale.” Data analysis was done by using SPSS19. Ethical considerations: Informed consent from samples and research approval was obtained from Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences University Research Ethics Board in Tehran. Findings: The findings showed intensive care unit nurses’ moral distress and anticipated turnover was high, but burnout was moderate. The results revealed that there was a positive statistical correlation between intensive care unit nurses’ age, their work experience and the fraction of nurses’ number to number of intensive care unit beds with their moral distress and burnout. However, there were no correlation between gender, marriage status, educational degree and work shift and moral distress. Discussion: Some of the findings of this research are consistent with other studies and some of them are inconsistent. Conclusion: Similarly, moral distress with burnout and anticipated turnover did not have statistical correlation. However, a positive correlation was found between burnout and anticipated turnover. The results showed that increase in the recruitment of young nurses, and nursing personnel, and diminishing intensive care unit nurses’ moral distress, burnout and their turnover intention are essential.

Background: Moral distress is a very common experience in the nursing profession, and it is one of the main reasons for job dissatisfaction, burnout, and quitting among nurses. For instance, morally difficult situations in taking care of child patients who are severely ill may lead to moral distress for nurses. However, most of the studies about moral distress have been conducted on nurses of special wards and adult medical centers with much focus on developed countries. Subsequently, little has been researched on this topic among nurses in other nations such as Iran, and most certainly, there has been hardly any such research involving Iranian pediatric nurses. Aim/objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate moral distress among nurses in selected pediatric hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Research design: This cross-sectional study was conducted on eligible nurses who were selected through proportional stratified sampling and who completed demographic characteristics and the pediatric version of Moral Distress Scale-Revised questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Participants and research context: In total, 195 pediatric nurses working at three selected children’s specialized university hospitals in Tehran participated in this study. Ethical considerations: This study was evaluated and approved by the institutional review board of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Findings: The mean and standard deviation of total score of moral distress was 106.41 ± 61.64 within a range of 10–257. Also, the difference between the mean score of moral distress of the group who had not quitted their position and those who have quit in the past was statistically significant (p = 0.043). The situation that was associated with the highest moral distress was “observing medical students performing painful procedures on patients just to gain some skill.” Total score of moral distress was significantly higher among male nurses (p = 0.014), while nurses with a master’s degree experienced just a higher intensity of moral distress compared to those who had a bachelor’s degree (p = 0.006). Conclusion: Since many pediatric nurses clearly face moral distress while taking care of children, it is necessary to consider measures for preventing or decreasing situations that would lead to this distress.

In the third of three interviews in this issue, we speak to Dr Fawaz Siddiqi. Dr Siddiqi is an Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery and Orthopaedics at Western University. He is the president of the Professional Service Organization and sits on the Medical Advisory Committee as well as the London Health Sciences Centre Board of Directors. He is also the course chair for the Healthcare Systems course at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry.

In 1881 two women who were to become part of the history of Victorian feminism met: Constance Maynard (1849–1935), graduate of one of the first cohorts of women to enter Girton College and founder in 1882 of Westfield College for Women, and Bessie Rayner Parkes Belloc (1829–1925), friend of Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon and the “Langham Place” group of feminists, and former editor of the feminist English Women's Journal. In 1873 Maynard became the first woman in England to receive a degree in “moral sciences,” from Girton, and subsequently worked for six years as a headmistress and schoolmistress at two groundbreaking girls' schools, Cheltenham Ladies' College and the new St. Leonard's School in Scotland. When she met Belloc, she was living in London with her brother, taking art classes at the Slade School, and beginning discussions that would lead to the foundation of Westfield College, formed as an explicitly Evangelical-identified parallel to ecumenical Girton and also as the first college to prepare women for the examinations and degrees offered by the University of London.

The following paper reports on the progress of a large collaborative project in the UK to investigate novel strategies for the implementation of GNSS within all phases of marine navigation. The project is funded by the UK Government (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) under the leadership of the IESSG at the University of Nottingham. The project receives the support from a prestigious team of collaborators which include the UK Ministry of Defence Hydrographic Office, Trinity House Lighthouse Service, Northern Lighthouse Board, Commissioners for Irish Lights and the Port of London Authority. This consortium is of strategic importance, as their operations encompass the provision of aids to navigation for all phases of marine transport within the UK and elsewhere.

The author, a Leverhulme Fellow of the University of Cambridge , England, is the Chairman of the Department of Political Science and the Co-ordinator of the Centre for the Study of Geopolitics, Panjab University, Chandigarh. His research interest is the theory and practices of geopolitics, with special reference to polar regions, the Indian Ocean and South Asia. He is the author of Polar Regions: A Political Geography (Wiley, 1996) and co-editor of the forthcoming Rethinking Boundaries: Geopolitics, Identities and Sustainability (Delhi, Manohar). He has contributed articles to several refereed journals including Third World Quarterly, Journal of Social and Economic Geography, and Environment and Planning D: Society and Space. More recently, he has been a Fellow at Columbia University Institute for Scholars, Reid Hall, and Maison des Sciences de l'Homme, Paris, under the International Programme of Advanced Studies (IPAS), researching on the role of "excessive" geopolitics in the partition of British India. Dr Chaturvedi serves on the international editorial board of Geopolitics, a journal published by Frank Cass, London.

This Theme Issue is dedicated to the topic ‘Mechanics: from nano to macro’ and marks the 75th birthday of Dr J. Michael T. Thompson, Fellow of the Royal Society, whose current affiliations are as follows: (i) Honorary Fellow, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge; (ii) Emeritus Professor of Nonlinear Dynamics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London; and (iii) Professor of Theoretical and Applied Dynamics (Distinguished Sixth Century Chair, part-time), University of Aberdeen. He also serves as Chairman of the Board of Directors at ES-Consult (consulting engineers) in Copenhagen, Denmark. The pertinent question that arises from the very start is: should we first salute Michael and then describe the Theme Issue, or vice versa? Indeed, according to Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), the last thing one discovers in composing a work is what to put first. I would like to take the liberty of deviating from the tradition of the Philosophical Transactions and start with the tribute to Michael; after all he is the prime cause of this Theme Issue.

For the last two years a large collaborative project has been taking place at the University of Nottingham to investigate novel strategies for the implementation of GNSS within all phases of marine navigation in UK waters. The project, which was recently completed, was funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. The project also received financial support from a prestigious team of collaborators that included the UK Ministry of Defence Hydrographic Office, Trinity House Lighthouse Service, Northern Lighthouse Board, Commissioners for Irish Lights and the Port of London Authority. The first phase of this project was reported in the Journal in May 1999 (Ashkenazi et al., 1999); this paper presents an update of the progress of the project over the last year.

Abstract Sir Richard Southwood, FRS, Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University and Linacre Professor of Zoology; is one of Britain’s foremost environmentalists. After nine years as a Lecturer in Zoology at Imperial College London and three as Reader in Insect Ecology at the University of London, Sir Richard was in 1967 appointed University Professor of Zoology and Applied Entomology while also heading that Department at Imperial College and directing the Field Station of the College. In 1974 he became Chairman of the Division of Life Sciences at Imperial College and in the same year was appointed to membership of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (RCEP); he was Chairman of the Commission from 1981 to 1986. Meanwhile, in 1979, Sir Richard had moved to Oxford on his appointment to the Linacre Professorship of Zoology and his election to a Fellowship at Merton College. He has been a member of the National Radiological Protection Board since 1980 and its Chairman since 1985. He was installed as Vice-Chancellor of the University in October, 1989. He is the author of numerous books and papers on insects and ecology. Sir Richard’s acceptance of Linacre’s invitation to deliver the inaugural Linacre Lecture gave the series the most auspicious possible start.

INTRODUCTION 855,000 Rohingya refugees live in overcrowded camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh where MSF operates Goyalmara Hospital, the only dedicated pediatric and neonatal hospital serving the camps. Palliative care services have been prioritized due to the medical complexity of patients. While palliative care is increasingly recognized as an important component of humanitarian interventions, little is known about the experience of and impact on staff delivering end-of-life care. METHODS This focused ethnography was conducted between March--August 2021 at Goyalmara Hospital. Data collection involved participant-observation, individual interviews with national (17) and international staff (five), focus group discussions with national staff (five), and analysis of protocols and other documents. A coding scheme was developed using transcript narrative summaries to identify key concepts and constant comparison techniques between and within data sources. Data were coded using NVivo 11. ETHICS This study was approved by the MSF Ethics Review Board (ERB) and by the ERB of Bangladesh University of Health Sciences. RESULTS Moral experiences of staff were influenced by perceived duty of ensuring every effort was made on behalf of patients; ambiguity around the concepts of palliative and end-of-life care, and the perception of palliative care as withdrawal of treatment when “we have nothing to do”. Staff reported coping with frequent deaths by reassuring themselves that they had done their best, yet expressed frustration that MSF could not or would not refer patients for higher-level treatment that they believed was available, and over the lack of transparency of such policies. A perception that further referral for Bangladeshi children was possible in contrast to Rohingya led to a troubling acceptance by staff of discriminatory care pathways. The absence of home-based palliative care, communication barriers, and inconsistent access to morphine, contributed to a sense of powerlessness. Palliative care decision-making was led by expatriate doctors. Although nurses felt more engaged compared with previous roles, several doctors felt uncomfortable with decisions and unable to contradict expatriates. Revolving expatriates with different decision-making approaches undermined national staff confidence. Protocols were seen by all to promote consistency and were utilised by national staff to justify decisions when there was disagreement with expatriates. Non-medical staff were observed to play an important role in sharing difficult news with families but they reported feeling unprepared for this responsibility. CONCLUSION Ensuring clarity and transparency of referral policies and ceiling of-care criteria is needed to support staff coping mechanisms and to ensure that palliative care is not perceived as a substitute for life-saving care. Non-medical staff require adequate training and support if they are involved with communicating end-of-life decisions to families. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None declared.