Academic literature on the topic 'University extension Australia'
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Journal articles on the topic "University extension Australia"
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Nuzhat, Mariam. "주요 국가의 유아교사 자격기준 및 대학의 유아교사교육과정 비교연구: 미국, 영국, 캐나다, 호주를 중심으로." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 11 (June 15, 2022): 895–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.11.895.
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Objectives The major purpose for this study is to explore the national criteria for early childhood teachers’ eligibility in USA, England, Canada, and Australia along with comparing and analyzing the existing curriculum of Columbia University, Harvard University, University of Illinois at Chicago, Cambridge University, University of Toronto, Australian college of teachers’ aides and children.
Methods The study thoroughly analyzed the curriculum based on core course, method course and elective courses, duration of teaching practicum, type of course, way of course conduction: online or offline, inclusion of courses on special child and option of bilingual extension.
Results National criteria for early childhood teachers’ eligibility in these countries are found to be distinctive. The curriculums of the selected universities also differ from one another in terms of duration, degree type and courses.
Conclusions The study provides implications for early childhood educators training in Korea providing recommendation for instructors and practitioners on choosing courses for generating a well fitted curriculum for better teachers training.
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Cantliffe, Daniel J. "THE FUTURE OF EXTENSION." HortScience 31, no. 5 (September 1996): 743a—743. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.5.743a.
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Extension gained strength from its inception in the early 1900s until the early 1980s. Then things changed—trends led to the notion that extension should get out of social programs and let producers pay their own way. These were the Reagan/Thatcher years. England, New Zealand, Australia, and Canada largely dismantled their extension services. This was supposedly due to financial reasons. They let the private sector take up whatever was released. In the U.S. during the 1980s the Extension Service came under similar attacks and some erosion of the services took place in various states. This has led to a reorganization of the extension service at the federal level, bringing the ARS and Extension Service closer together. I believe that this is the future for Extension—to bind and to build with research to improve and promote continued transfer of new technology. I see this as very difficult for the private sector to do. The ARS and university researchers have to be intimately involved with extension personnel. Program development must be two-fold and must begin to cross state lines both at the state and county levels. Extension workers are doing many of the research jobs of the 1960s and 1970s. For example, our Florida county agents are now doing demonstration and applied research studies that the experiment station personnel did up until 1980. For survival, county operations will need further combining and refining. The basis of the future lies in accountability of extension programs to the public and continued public relationships to express the good job that extension does for all Americans.
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BROWN, NICHOLAS. "BORN MODERN: ANTIPODEAN VARIATIONS ON A THEME." Historical Journal 48, no. 4 (December 2005): 1139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004954.
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Making peoples: a history of the New Zealanders from Polynesian settlement to the end of the nineteenth century. By James Belich. London: Penguin, 2001. Pp. 497. ISBN 0-14-100639-0. £9.99.Paradise reforged: a history of the New Zealanders from the 1880s to the year 2000. By James Belich. London: Allen Lane, 2002. Pp. 606. ISBN 0-7139-9172-0. £25.00.The Enlightenment and the origins of European Australia. By John Gascoigne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xviii+233. ISBN 0-521-80343-80. £45.00.Australian ways of death: a social and cultural history, 1840–1918. By Pat Jalland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002. Pp. vi+378. ISBN 0-19-550754-1. £15.99.White flour, white power: from rations to citizenship in central Australia. By Tim Rowse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xiii+255. ISBN 0-521-62457-6. £40.00.The five books covered here might seem a random sample: antipodean oddments from the edge of a review editor's desk. Their subject matter – from ‘ways of death’ in Australia to rationing policies for indigenous Australians – is diverse, as are their approaches: a scholarly assessment of the influence of Enlightenment ideas in the Australian colonies through to a massive two-volume general history of New Zealand to 2000. Yet even in this eclectic mix there are common themes, reflecting current interests and models in the writing of history in both countries. For some time, Australia and New Zealand have been productively positioned in relation to European social change as ‘born modern’ experiments, or at least as colonies which forced or anticipated aspects of the modernity shaping metropolitan centres. There have been several phases of historiography advancing this thesis, each reflecting a desire on the part of historians ‘down under’ to relate their account to wider dynamics, or to incorporate models that redress or refute the ‘isolation’ of their history by exploring categories extending beyond the national chronicle. More recently, historians of post-colonialism have returned the interest. They have traced in the extension of colonialism many of the crucial factors shaping core elements of nineteenth-century European nationalism, even the concept of Europe itself. In complex patterns of interdependence within ‘empire’, these historians have also identified several themes of ‘modernity’: reflexive approaches to ‘self’ and identity; discursive matrices of liberal government; the application and testing of the Enlightenment project of ‘reason’ and the ‘disenchantment’ of scientific knowledge and classification.
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Bell, Alan W. "Animal science Down Under: a history of research, development and extension in support of Australia’s livestock industries." Animal Production Science 60, no. 2 (2020): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19161.
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This account of the development and achievements of the animal sciences in Australia is prefaced by a brief history of the livestock industries from 1788 to the present. During the 19th century, progress in industry development was due more to the experience and ingenuity of producers than to the application of scientific principles; the end of the century also saw the establishment of departments of agriculture and agricultural colleges in all Australian colonies (later states). Between the two world wars, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research was established, including well supported Divisions of Animal Nutrition and Animal Health, and there was significant growth in research and extension capability in the state departments. However, the research capacity of the recently established university Faculties of Agriculture and Veterinary Science was limited by lack of funding and opportunity to offer postgraduate research training. The three decades after 1945 were marked by strong political support for agricultural research, development and extension, visionary scientific leadership, and major growth in research institutions and achievements, partly driven by increased university funding and enrolment of postgraduate students. State-supported extension services for livestock producers peaked during the 1970s. The final decades of the 20th century featured uncertain commodity markets and changing public attitudes to livestock production. There were also important Federal Government initiatives to stabilise industry and government funding of agricultural research, development and extension via the Research and Development Corporations, and to promote efficient use of these resources through creation of the Cooperative Research Centres program. These initiatives led to some outstanding research outcomes for most of the livestock sectors, which continued during the early decades of the 21st century, including the advent of genomic selection for genetic improvement of production and health traits, and greatly increased attention to public interest issues, particularly animal welfare and environmental protection. The new century has also seen development and application of the ‘One Health’ concept to protect livestock, humans and the environment from exotic infectious diseases, and an accelerating trend towards privatisation of extension services. Finally, industry challenges and opportunities are briefly discussed, emphasising those amenable to research, development and extension solutions.
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Davies, Gloria, and Gaby Ramia. "Governance Reform towards “Serving Migrant Workers”: The Local Implementation of Central Government Regulations." China Quarterly 193 (March 2008): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741008000088.
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AbstractUsing data from three provinces as part of a joint study by Monash University in Australia and China's Institute of Labour Science, an affiliate body of the national Ministry of Labour and Social Security, this article examines the extension of social rights and social security coverage to intra-national migrants in China as a public governance issue. More specifically, it analyses how central government regulations on improving the situation of migrant workers are being interpreted and implemented by local governments. In this regard, it offers a unique case study of difficulties encountered in the local implementation of policy directives issued by the central government.
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Forbes, Allan. "A Historical Perspective on WRESAT, the First Satellite Launched from Australian Soil." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v6n1.144.
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Just over fifty years ago, on 29 November 1967 at 2:19 pm (local time), a small scientific satellite named the Weapons Research Establishment SATellite (WRESAT) was launched from Woomera, South Australia. It had been designed and constructed by engineers, scientists and technicians from the Weapons Research Establishment, Salisbury, South Australia; it had a payload of scientific instruments put together by the Physics Department at Adelaide University; and it was sent into orbit at the sharp end of a modified Redstone rocket, a gift from the United States. All of this was achieved in less than 12 months; and it made Australia the third country in the world to launch a satellite into space from its own territory, after the USSR and the USA. This paper is the author's personal account of his part in the project, where he was involved first with the satellite's telemetry system and then with a temporary extension to Oodnadatta of Woomera's flight safety system. The paper goes on to describe events following the successful launch, and the celebration of the 50th anniversary in 2017. Finally, there is a discussion of the politics and technologies behind WRESAT.
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Forbes, Allan. "A Historical Perspective on WRESAT, the First Satellite Launched from Australian Soil." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 118–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v6n1.144.
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Just over fifty years ago, on 29 November 1967 at 2:19 pm (local time), a small scientific satellite named the Weapons Research Establishment SATellite (WRESAT) was launched from Woomera, South Australia. It had been designed and constructed by engineers, scientists and technicians from the Weapons Research Establishment, Salisbury, South Australia; it had a payload of scientific instruments put together by the Physics Department at Adelaide University; and it was sent into orbit at the sharp end of a modified Redstone rocket, a gift from the United States. All of this was achieved in less than 12 months; and it made Australia the third country in the world to launch a satellite into space from its own territory, after the USSR and the USA. This paper is the author's personal account of his part in the project, where he was involved first with the satellite's telemetry system and then with a temporary extension to Oodnadatta of Woomera's flight safety system. The paper goes on to describe events following the successful launch, and the celebration of the 50th anniversary in 2017. Finally, there is a discussion of the politics and technologies behind WRESAT.
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Larkin, Kevin, Leonie Rowan, Barbara Garrick, and Catherine Beavis. "Student Perspectives on First Year Experience Initiatives Designed for Pre-service Teacher in their First Weeks of University Study." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.13.1.7.
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Universities throughout Australia are increasingly investing significant amounts of time and money in efforts to improve the quality of first year students’ experiences and, by extension, increase retention, performance and student satisfaction. This paper reports upon a pilot research project conducted at a Queensland university that investigates student understandings of, and reactions to, a range of initiatives put in place to enhance their “first year experience”. The research showed that students had mixed reactions to the initiatives put in place to support them and that staff played a vital role in terms of how students responded to various forms of institutional support. In analysing the results the paper demonstrates the need for ongoing research into how a diverse cohort of students make sense of the first year experience they are offered.
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Dowling, Chris W., and Simon D. Speirs. "An extension perspective—increasing the adoption of more reliable soil test interpretation." Crop and Pasture Science 64, no. 5 (2013): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp13216.
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Scientists readily suggest that research and development is not complete until findings and conclusions are reported in the peer-reviewed literature. The authors suggest that industry-specific relevant research and development is actually not complete until the key outputs are extended to primary stakeholder groups. In the case of ‘Making Better Fertiliser Decisions for Cropping Systems in Australia’ (BFDC), this meant training key members of the grains and fertiliser industries, where nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur recommendations are derived from soil tests and provided to farmers. The BFDC project applied a two-part cascading approach to extension and training to reach the grains and fertiliser industries. The train-the-trainer program (Level 1) was undertaken and targeted at influential and experience persons such as technical leaders and those who influenced crop-nutrition decision support systems (DSS) within interested organisations. Level 2 activities targeted individuals within organisations who had direct discussion with farmers about soil testing, and their training was facilitated by a Level 1 trained colleague. Development of extension plans, training course structure, and training resources was conducted in parallel with the development of the BFDC National Database and BFDC Interrogator from the commencement of the project. In so doing, it was agreed that controlled access to the information should be established to maintain a consistent standard of use and to provide a platform for gathering feedback to guide future developments (e.g. of the BFDC Interrogator or prioritising future experimental investment). The BFDC extension approach targeted 100 individuals from the Level 1 audience and 30 individuals from the Level 2 audience through seven train-the-trainer level workshops conducted across Australia. As a result of reaching this audience, it was expected that the cumulative effect of the cascading extension strategy and input of BFDC Interrogator critical nutrient concentrations in commercial soil analysis interpretation software would indirectly and directly influence the crop nutrient management decisions of up to 5000 Australian grain farmers in the year after the commencement of training activities. Exit survey results, conducted as part of the BFDC train-the-trainer workshops, were aggregated across all Level 1 workshops. These survey results showed that the most significant benefit of the training was the usefulness of the BFDC Interrogator training manual and the additional teaching aids supplied. The importance and significance to the industry of the collation of data through BFDC was also highlighted as a benefit. Reflecting industry knowledge gaps (e.g. crop × nutrient × geographic region interactions), the lowest ranking survey results focused on the ability of the BFDC National Database to provide usable critical soil test criteria for several situations. Yet despite this reported shortcoming, participants recognised the significance of the structure, tools, skills, and knowledge gained through the training workshop and the importance of the established critical levels. While face-to-face training enables robust discussion, the ‘time-poor’ nature of roles for agricultural professionals appeared to limit the uptake of training opportunities. Therefore, training materials are being developed into an online course focused particularly on university requirements and the development of agricultural professionals.
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Bhatti, M. Ishaq. "Human Capital Need in Islamic Finance Education: A Case of Australia." International Journal of Learning and Development 2, no. 6 (November 24, 2012): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v2i6.2753.
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The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate training requirement for human capital needed in the emerging field of Islamic Finance (IF) industry in Australisian region. It proposes the structure of the curriculum which can build bridges among multi-culture/faith communities based on sound understanding of finance and Shariah in the western democratic societies where Muslims are in minorities. It presents a case study of La Trobe University’s pioneering Master of Islamic Banking and Finance (MIBF) degree structure and an online six week’s e-learning short course on Islamic Finance Professional Development (IFPD) jointly with Ethica Institute in UAE. The course is then linked with various components of the professional bodies, like Masters’ in professional accounting (MPA), financial analysis (MFA), and MBA (restricted to electives only), CFA, GARP and then extension to PhD level education in IF. The paper addresses various aspects of IF education such as the significance of knowledge, curriculum design, procedures in acquiring support from within the University academic community, challenges in marketing the course and the needed research backing. It also reviews some illustrating statistics to support the need for the course in Australasian region and highlight statistical finding of our MIBF alumni. The paper closes with final remarks and recommendations to industry and policy makers.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "University extension Australia"
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Teixeira, Sérgio Rustichelli. "Getting the priorities right : stakeholder involvement for a holistic view of research and extension priorities in the Australian and Brazilian dairy industries /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18331.pdf.
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Leask, Betty. "Discursive constructions of internationalisation at an Australian University: implications for professional practice." 2005. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/28306.
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The portfolio explores the construction, representation and interpretation of internationalisation at the University of South Australia (UniSA) within the broader concept of internationalisation in higher education. The research is situated within a postmodern, postcolonial world and is influenced significantly by the work of Foucault ([1972] 2003), Fairclough (1989; 1992), Said (1995 [1978]) and Cherryholmes (1988). The portfolio consists of three related research reports and a meta-analysis which both connects these individual reports and conducts further analysis of the issues and themes arising from the research. The literature reviewed in Research Report 1 describes a range of approaches to internationalisation and issues associated with its definition and implementation in universities. It is concluded that internationalisation in higher education is part of a network of constantly developing and changing discourses all of which both influence and are influenced by political, social and economic contexts and agendas. The nature of the discourse of internationalisation at UniSA and the power/knowledge relations which are embedded within and support it are the focus of the second research report which consists of a critical discourse analysis of a corpus of documents related to internationalisation and Graduate Quality #7 at UniSA. Five discourses of internationalisation at UniSA are identified and the roles associated with the primary subjects of the discourse (academic staff, Australian students and international students) are described. Significant shifts in the discursive construction of internationalisation at UniSA over time are also identified, including the tendency for the economic discourse to be viewed as dominant and the associated ideology to be naturalised. The third research report consists of ‘snapshots’ of the experience of internationalisation in different places and from different perspectives. It strives for a deeper understanding of the complexity of internationalisation at UniSA through exploration of the construction of Graduate Quality #7 (that students of UniSA will develop international perspectives as professionals and citizens) in two different cultural and educational contexts ���������������� Adelaide and Hong Kong. The research highlights the need to embed and integrate intercultural learning into the culture of UniSA – to assist all staff and all students to move into uncomfortable intercultural spaces; to learn from and with each other within those spaces; to challenge their stereotypes and prejudices and to move on from them. The three reports are drawn together in the meta-analysis which concludes that although there are signs of ideological struggle within the discourse of internationalisation, the constructions of internationalisation and its subjects and actors at UniSA and beyond are consistent with a construction of internationalisation as a neo-colonialist activity. It suggests a modified approach to internationalisation – one that challenges the stereotypes and hegemonies currently associated with it. This has implications for the focus of professional development and student services to support internationalisation at UniSA and other Australian universities.
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Reid, Ian C. "Auditing the entrepreneurial university : a study of the role of quality assurance and online education in Australian Higher Education, 2002-2005." 2007. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/43053.
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At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Australian Universities Quality Agency (AUQA) began to audit Australian universities. At the same time, universities were increasingly using online technologies for teaching and learning. Little is known about how these two significant changes in teaching and learning might be acting and interacting at a time of increasing focus by universities on the educational marketplace. This thesis investigates the AUQA audits carried out in 2002 of three Australian universities which had different locations in the Australian higher education marketplace and had different approaches to the use of online technologies. I use Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to analyse a range of artefacts produced between 2002 and 2005 by and about the universities. I analyse the first three editions of the AUQA manual, the universities' web sites before and after their audit, the submissions of those universities to AUQA, and the audit reports by AUQA on them. I explore the role that representations of the "online university" discourse play in constructions of a "quality university" discourse within these texts. I discovered a number of shifts in emphasis in the texts over time. Notions of the "online university", while prevalent in the texts produced early in the time frame of the study, were absent from later texts. Also, texts produced early in the study represented the three universities as very different institutions. However texts examined towards the end of the study represented the universities to be more similar in nature. Given the diverse nature of the institutions' market locations, I found that quality assurance processes work to reduce the representation of institutional diversity. There was evidence that the "online university" discourse came to be used more as a marketing tool and less as a marker of quality education over the time period of the study. I argue that AUQA's audits do not support institutions? various market positionings as described by Marginson and Considine (2000), but rather provide the imprimatur of "brand Australia" by producing representations of each institution that are safe and amenable to the audit process. The "online university" discourse speaks of new and borderless teaching strategies, while the "quality university" discourse speaks of containment and control of university activities. The bounding and limiting effect of the "quality university" discourse over the outward reaching "online university" discourse resulted in the three universities representing themselves in increasingly isomorphic ways. My analysis shows that over the time frame of the study, the surveillance of a national quality audit body, through self-audit by universities and the subsequent publication of reviews of universities by that body, produced more cautious representations of the universities and ironically, less direct influence by the audit body over universities? actions in the marketplace. The study suggests that the degree of influence which the ?online university? discourse and the "quality university" discourse have on the representations of universities is dependent largely on the degree to which they can impel universities within the market.Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2007
Books on the topic "University extension Australia"
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E, Glover J., Harris P. G, University of Western Australia. University Extension, and University of Western Australia. Dept. of Geology, eds. Kimberlite occurrence and origin: A basis for conceptual models in exploration : a seminar organized by the Department of Geology, University of Western Australia, in co-operation with University Extension, University of Western Australia : summary of presented papers. Perth: University Extension, University of Western Australia, 1985.
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Castro, Angela S. An Australian casebook of study centres in distance education. Victoria: Distance Education Unit, Deakin University, 1985.
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E, Glover J., Harris P. G, University of Western Australia. Dept. of Geology., and University of Western Australia. University Extension., eds. Kimberlite occurrence and origin: A basis for conceptual models in exploration : a seminar organized by the Department of Geology, University of Western Australia, in co-operation with University Extension, University of Western Australia : summary of presented papers. [Perth: University Extension, University of Western Australia, 1985.
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Court, Jane, Sue Hides, and John Webb-Ware, eds. Sheep Farming for Meat and Wool. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643101333.
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Sheep Farming for Meat and Wool contains practical, up-to-date information on sheep production and management for producers throughout temperate Australia. It is based on research and extension projects conducted over many years by the Department of Primary Industries and its predecessors and the University of Melbourne.
The book covers business management, pasture growth and management, nutrition and feed management, drought management, reproductive management, disease management, genetic improvement, animal welfare and working dog health. It also gives seasonal reminders for a spring lambing wool-producing flock, for autumn lambing Merino ewes joined to Border Leicester rams, and for winter lambing crossbred ewes joined to terminal sires. It will guide new and established farmers, students of agriculture and service providers with detailed information on the why and how of sheep production, and will assist farmer groups to initiate activities aimed at increasing their efficiency in specific areas of sheep production.
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Singh, Anushka. Sedition in Liberal Democracies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199481699.001.0001.
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Liberal democracies claim to give constitutional and legal protection of varying degrees to the right to free speech of which political speech and the right to dissent are extensions. Within the right to freedom of expression, however, some category of speeches do not enjoy protection as they are believed to be ‘injurious’ to society. One such unprotected form of political speech is sedition which is criminalized for the repercussions it may have on the authority of the government and the state. The cases registered in India in recent months under the law against sedition show that the law in its wide and diverse deployment was used against agitators in a community-based pro-reservation movement, a group of university students for their alleged ‘anti-national’ statements, anti-liquor activists, to name a few. Set against its contemporary use, this book has used sedition as a lens to probe the fate of political speech in liberal democracies. The work is done in a comparative framework keeping the Indian experience as its focus, bringing in inferences from England, USA, and Australia to intervene and contribute to the debates on the concept of sedition within liberal democracies at large. On the basis of an analytical enquiry into the judicial discourse around sedition, the text of the sedition laws, their political uses, their quotidian existence, and their entanglement with the counter-terror legislations, the book theorizes upon the life of the law within liberal democracies.
Book chapters on the topic "University extension Australia"
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Compton, Michael T., and Beth Broussard. "Understanding Mental Health First Aid for Psychosis." In The First Episode of Psychosis. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372496.003.0026.
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Throughout this guide, we have tried to explain all parts of a first episode of psychosis in a detailed way. But what happens if you know someone who may be experiencing an episode of psychosis and you have to act fast or help them get into treatment? This last chapter includes advice on how to provide mental health “first aid” to those who may be experiencing an episode of psychosis. These guidelines were developed by and reprinted here with permission from Professor Anthony Jorm and Ms. Betty Kitchener from the University of Melbourne and ORYGEN Research Centre in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. As a result of an extensive process, they are based on the agreement of a panel of patients, family members, and mental health professionals from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. For more information on their Mental Health First Aid program, please visit www.mhfa.com.au. The remainder of this chapter is organized around nine questions that are addressed to help people who may need to provide “first aid” to someone experiencing psychosis. The purpose of these guidelines is to help members of the public to provide first aid to someone who may be experiencing psychosis. The role of the first aider is to assist the person until he or she receives appropriate professional help or the crisis resolves. These guidelines are a general set of recommendations about how you can help someone who may be experiencing psychosis. Each individual is unique, and it is important to tailor your support to that person’s needs. So, these recommendations will not be appropriate for every person who may have psychosis. It is important to learn about the early warning signs of psychosis and the symptoms of psychosis so that you can recognize when someone may be developing psychosis. Although some of these signs may not be very dramatic on their own, when you consider them together, they may suggest that something is not quite right. It is important not to ignore or dismiss such warning signs or symptoms, even if they appear gradually and are unclear.
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"Endocrine Disrupters." In Environmental Toxicology, edited by Sigmund F. Zakrzewski. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148114.003.0011.
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The first indications that hormonal imbalance during pregnancy may result in abnormal development of the fetus goes back to the 1930s. In 1939 researchers at Northwestern University Medical School reported that when pregnant rats were given an extra dose of external estrogen, the offspring suffered structural defects in their sex organs, both females and males (1) For years, this phenomenon was considered by the scientific and medical community as specifically related to rodents and thus did not concern humans. Furthermore, it had been generally believed that human placenta represented a barrier impenetrable by chemicals to which a pregnant woman was exposed. The myth of the placental barrier was shattered by the thalidomide tragedy. Thalidomide was developed in 1957 and found extensive use in Europe and Australia as a prescription drug to be used in pregnancy as a tranquilizer and against nausea. Soon, however, it had to be withdrawn from the market because some babies of women who took thalidomide were born highly deformed, lacking whole limbs or having underdeveloped limbs. Not all babies of women taking thalidomide suffered deformities There was no relationship between the total dose of the drug and the effect. Rather the effect depended on timing—on the time during the pregnancy during which the drug was taken. The deformities occurred only when thalidomide was taken during the organ-forming period—between the fifth and eighth week. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was first synthesized as a synthetic estrogen-analog in 1943. In decades to follow it was widely prescribed to pregnant women for prevention of miscarriages. However, in 1952 an epidemiological study conducted at the University of Chicago indicated that there was no difference in the frequency of miscarriages between women who did not take DES and those that did take it. Despite this finding many physicians kept prescribing the drug through the 1960s. In 1971 two independent case-control epidemiological studies had shown that among girls born to women who took DES there was a high frequency of vaginal cancer occurring at unusually young age of 15 to 22 (2,3).
Conference papers on the topic "University extension Australia"
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Craig, Annemieke, Annegret Goold, Jo Coldwell, and Jamie Mustard. "Perceptions of Roles and Responsibilities in Online Learning: A Case Study." In InSITE 2008: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3205.
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The extensive introduction of online technologies to support teaching and learning is impacting how teachers teach and students learn. It is also affecting both teaching staff s and students’ perceptions of what each others’ roles are. The research reported here is part of a larger study that explored different aspects of teaching and learning in online environments. This study was undertaken within an Australian university and involved an institution-wide survey of students. The paper reports on students’ perceptions of their roles as online learners and the expectations they have of online teachers. The outcomes of the research suggest that different cohorts of students have different expectations. These expectations are informed by their mode of study and also by their perceptions of how staff engage with online teaching. Recommendations include proactive management of student expectations by staff, as well as a commitment by staff to meet those expectations.