Relevant bibliographies by topics / Universality of fact

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Universality of fact'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Universality of fact"

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Khotimah, Khusnul. "Islam dan Globalisasi: Sebuah Pandangan tentang Universalitas Islam." KOMUNIKA 3, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/kom.v3i1.2009.pp114-132.

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Globalization is a historical fact that has significant influence on society’s life system. This condition has to facewith wise reaction. Islam as religion that have universal and global order, certainly have role on solving globalization problem.Its clear from its universality, Islam can have significant role to shape global community. Islamic universalism can be seenfrom several manifestations, e/g: cosmopolitan cultural teaching, science development, holistic social order and completevalues. From this, Islam universality is able to face economic, education, culture, technology and other problems
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Altwicker, Tilmann. "Non-Universal Arguments under the European Convention on Human Rights." European Journal of International Law 31, no. 1 (February 2020): 101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chaa015.

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Abstract It is popular to view international human rights law as universal. In a normative sense, human rights universality refers to certain qualities of human rights norms. These qualities have long been under attack, most recently by what is called here human rights nationalism. The main point made in this article is that some of the criticism levelled against normative human rights universality can be accommodated through interpretation. To this end, non-universality of human rights is judicially created (argumentative non-universality). This article offers an analysis of argumentative non-universality in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It shows that the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) operationalizes argumentative non-universality through a conception of asymmetric protection, by using context as a difference-making fact and by allowing, in certain cases, for a decentralized interpretation of rights under the ECHR. As argued here, resorting to argumentative non-universality sometimes makes sense because non-universality takes seriously the fact that individual freedom is, to some extent, socially and politically conditioned. Furthermore, non-universality allows for reasonable interpretive pluralism, and it contributes to the institutional legitimacy of the ECtHR. In conclusion, the ECtHR is, rightly so, an ‘interpreter of universality’ (as quoted by Judge Pinto de Albuquerque) as it is an interpreter of the non-universality of convention rights.
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Czarnocka, Małgorzata. "How Is Science Universal?" Dialogue and Universalism 29, no. 2 (2019): 217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du201929230.

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I investigate the universality of science as perceived in epistemological conceptions and in sociology of science, as well as claims about the anti-universal character of science. In this, I distinguish two kinds of universality of science: epistemic and global cultural/social, and in the latter also the global universality of the basic level of science. I attempt to show that epistemology views science as universal in its basic aspects relating to knowledge, its object, subject and cognitive values as well as methods, which, according to the epistemological meta-theses, are necessary for scientific validity and autonomy. I also draw attention to the fact that sociologised, multiculturally-oriented approaches to science are wrong to hold it for irrevocably anti-universal and exclusively a part of Western culture. I suggest instead the perspective of basic-level global universalism, where science is seen to grow out of a cultural base common to all cultures, which provides the criteria for weak rationality, weak empiricism and methodology and determines the nomological character of cognition. Finally, I trace the evolution of universality from a property of science to a value, and ask about the meaning of this property-cum-value for the human world.
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Jung, Hwa Yol. "Transversality and the Philosophical Politics of Multiculturalism in the Age of Globalization." Research in Phenomenology 39, no. 3 (2009): 416–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/008555509x12472022364208.

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AbstractThis essay advances the concept of transversality by drawing philosophical insights from Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Calvin O. Schrag, and the Martinicuan francophone Edouard Glissant. By so doing, it begins with a critique of the notion of universality in modern Western philosophy. It targets Hegel—the modernist incarnate—in particular, who had a dark view of the non-Western world. His overarching Eurocentric universality is founded on the fallacious premise that what is particular in the West is universalized or universalizable, whereas what is particular in the non-West remains particular forever. As Glissant puts it succinctly, however, thinking about “One” is not thinking about “All” or “Many.” Eurocentric universality is outmoded and thus has no place in the globalization of the multicultural world. It simply ignores the reality of interlacing of multiple life-worlds. The concept of transversality, which is symbolized in the Maitreyan Middle Way, is proposed to replace universality, which tends to be nothing but the philosophical expression of a particular socio-cultural life-world. It not only reduces ethnocentric ignorance but also fosters a hybridity that in fact dissolves the binary opposition between particularism and universalism. In short, transversality is conceived of as a new paradigm in philosophical conceptualization or world philosophy. What is traditionally called “comparative philosophy” is not just a neglected branch of philosophy, but it is poised to transform radically the very conception of philosophy itself.
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Wimmer, Franz Martin. "Cultural Centrisms and Intercultural Polylogues in Philosophy." International Review of Information Ethics 7 (September 1, 2007): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/irie9.

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Figal, Günter. "The Universality of Technology and the Independence of Things." Research in Phenomenology 45, no. 3 (November 11, 2015): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691640-12341317.

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In the 1949 Bremen Lectures, Martin Heidegger characterizes the essence of technology as a universal, or total, condition of modern existence. This makes it appear as though nothing can exist in the world independent of the technological. The fact that technology attempts to do away with distance, however, means that technology’s very workings presuppose the existence of distance and nearness that oppose it. Things, insofar as they are, according to Heidegger, essentially near remain independent of technology. By describing the nearness and nearing of things, this article reinterprets the Heideggerian concepts of the fourfold and world-formation to critically challenge the universality of technology. The human experience of things in their spatiality—especially the human aesthetic enjoyment of and abiding with things—is an example of a facet of life where technology does not annihilate distance and nearness.
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Adler, Melissa. "Wikipedia and the Myth of Universality." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Informationsvidenskab og Kulturformidling 5, no. 1 (March 13, 2016): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntik.v5i1.25882.

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Introduction I write from the U.S., where the removal of "women writers" from the more general and inclusive "writers" category in 2013 drew national ire and debate (Filipacchi, 2013). The episode heightened visibility of the fact that Wikipedia entries are not only predominantly created and edited by men, but that the categories that organize the content are also gendered and hierarchical. Indeed, classification is arguably at the root of some of the most critical questions regarding Wikipedia's functions and limitations. The construction of categories for access to knowledge and information is inherently paradoxical-it is by way of categories that we organize and access information in any information retrieval system. But categories are by definition limiting and exclusionary, and they operate on the basis of membership and nonmembership: an inside and an outside. Membership and the terms by which we name those categories-especially with regard to humans and human subjectivities-are almost always political and contested.
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Anam, Syaiful. "The Universality of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Does it merely express Western Values?" Nation State Journal of International Studies 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24076/nsjis.2018v1i1.85.

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The debate over the universality of Universal Declaration of Human Rights remains taking place. Apart from the fact that the document remains popular and has been encouraged by many countries around the world. The debate revolves around values and cultural differences among countries claiming that Western values have been predominating the content of the declaration itself. This essay argues that the dispute towards the universality of UDHR would likely form a robust standard and values of internationally recognized human rights as long as a cross-cultural and cross-philosophical talk could be encouraged.
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Yaseen, Tabzeer. "Exploring the Universality of Feminine Subjugation." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 7, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v7.n2.p7.

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<div><p><em>History is witness to the fact that women have been the objects of suppression and subjugation in the world. This oppression has been institutionalized in nearly all the societies of the world. The end result of this process of institutionalization has been the absence of women from the corridors of power, her absence from the fields of knowledge production, her absence in the histories of their places. The objective of this paper is to analyze the near universality of this feminine absence in history. What are the factors that led to this situation and how did feminity end up being valued as ‘inferior’ in comparison to ‘masculine’ attributes. This led to her existence being limited and defined by her corporal self. The end result is that one half of the population of the world had to live a miserable life till feminism emerged on the scene. This paper also traces the emergence of feminism as a reaction to this universality of feminine subjugation. The methodology adopted has been textual and literary analysis.</em></p></div>
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Corbett, Ross J. "Locke's Biblical Critique." Review of Politics 74, no. 1 (2012): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670512000022.

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AbstractThe essay clarifies the relationship between Locke's political and his religious thought. To the extent that Locke's political thought is an outgrowth of a particular strand of Christianity, its claims to universality would be significantly diminished. Several plausible interpretations of his political thought rely on his religiosity. Others maintain that this religiosity was a façade. Close attention to Locke's analysis of the Hebrew text of Gen. 1:28 unambiguously points to a critique of the Bible on semantic grounds. Locke subtly argues that the wording of the Bible makes the interpretation of scripture by scripture alone impossible. The fact that Locke goes out of his way to critique the Bible refutes interpretations of Locke's thought that rely on his religiosity and reestablishes the universalist claims of his political thought.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Universality of fact"

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Karimzadeh, Meibodi Golnaz. "La subrogation réelle en droit patrimonial de la famille." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAA006.

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Le droit français connaît deux types de subrogations : la subrogation personnelle et la subrogation réelle. Bien qu’elle ait été l’objet d’importants travaux, la subrogation réelle reste bien moins connue que la subrogation personnelle. Le droit patrimonial de la famille constitue son domaine de prédilection. Elle est en effet prévue par de nombreux textes spéciaux du Code civil dans diverses institutions du droit patrimonial de la famille, et admise par la jurisprudence extensive de la Cour de cassation. Elle n’a cependant pas fait l’objet d’une théorie générale en raison de l'extrême diversité de ses applications ainsi que des limites imposées sous sa conception classique issue du droit romain. Or, la théorie de valeur d’affectation, apparue à la fin du XIXème siècle, a élargi son champ d’application et l’a ainsi libérée du cadre étroit fixé par le Code civil. Cette théorie lui a reconnu une véritable réalité juridique apte à être appréhendée sous un concept uniforme et soumise à un régime juridique cohérent
French law recognizes two types of subrogation : personal subrogation and real subrogation. Although it has been the subject of significant works, the real subrogation remains much less well known than personal subrogation. The patrimonial family law is the main field of the real subrogation. It is, in fact, provided by many special texts of the civil Code in various institutions of patrimonial family law, and accepted by the extensive case law of the Supreme Court. Though it lacks a general theory because of the extreme diversity of its applications as well as the limits imposed by its classical conception resulting from Roman law. However, the theory of value allocation, which appeared at the end of the 19th century, widened its field of application and thus released it from the narrow framework set by the civil Code. This theory recognized the real subrogation as a true legal reality capable of being understood under a uniform concept which is subjected to a coherent legal regime
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Denizot, Aude. "L'universalité de fait." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010257.

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Avec l'émergence du portefeuille et l'apparition de nouveaux fonds, l'universalité de fait, autrefois marginale, suscite un regain d'intérêt en jurisprudence comme en doctrine. Devenue familière pour beaucoup elle n'a pas cessé pour autant de décevoir de nombreux auteurs qui lui dénient toute utilité. Une fois distinguée d'autres ensembles comme l'universalité de droit, le bien composé ou encore l'ensemble principal/accessoire, cette notion se présente comme un bien nouveau, formé de plusieurs composants autonomes réunis par une communauté de destination juridique. Elle n'est pas, en revanche, une enveloppe opaque et flottante dont les éléments seraient systématiquement fongibles et réduits à leur seule valeur. Cette structure dualiste, combinant unité et pluralité, satisfait un besoin particulier: celui d'utiliser des biens ensemble. La reconnaissance de ce besoin par le droit justifie que soit préservé le regroupement opéré. Une approche spécifique permet de s'assurer avec pragmatisme que la règle de droit s'applique en harmonie avec l'ensemble, en évitant sa dissociation ou son dépérissement. Considérant successivement le tout, ses parties et leurs relations, ce raisonnement justifie la perpétuation de l'universalité au-delà des fluctuations de son contenu, sans faire du remplacement des composants un automatisme. Superposant un bien unique à des éléments qui demeurent autonomes, cette précieuse fédération est appelée à connaître un considérable développement, et son intelligence devient plus que jamais indispensable.
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Kleist, Linda [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Felsner, Stefan [Gutachter] Felsner, Stephen [Gutachter] Kobourov, and Ignaz [Gutachter] Rutter. "Planar graphs and face areas: Area-Universality / Linda Kleist ; Gutachter: Stefan Felsner, Stephen Kobourov, Ignaz Rutter ; Betreuer: Stefan Felsner." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1176623478/34.

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Gerlach, Martin. "Universality and variability in the statistics of data with fat-tailed distributions: the case of word frequencies in natural languages." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-199083.

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Natural language is a remarkable example of a complex dynamical system which combines variation and universal structure emerging from the interaction of millions of individuals. Understanding statistical properties of texts is not only crucial in applications of information retrieval and natural language processing, e.g. search engines, but also allow deeper insights into the organization of knowledge in the form of written text. In this thesis, we investigate the statistical and dynamical processes underlying the co-existence of universality and variability in word statistics. We combine a careful statistical analysis of large empirical databases on language usage with analytical and numerical studies of stochastic models. We find that the fat-tailed distribution of word frequencies is best described by a generalized Zipf’s law characterized by two scaling regimes, in which the values of the parameters are extremely robust with respect to time as well as the type and the size of the database under consideration depending only on the particular language. We provide an interpretation of the two regimes in terms of a distinction of words into a finite core vocabulary and a (virtually) infinite noncore vocabulary. Proposing a simple generative process of language usage, we can establish the connection to the problem of the vocabulary growth, i.e. how the number of different words scale with the database size, from which we obtain a unified perspective on different universal scaling laws simultaneously appearing in the statistics of natural language. On the one hand, our stochastic model accurately predicts the expected number of different items as measured in empirical data spanning hundreds of years and 9 orders of magnitude in size showing that the supposed vocabulary growth over time is mainly driven by database size and not by a change in vocabulary richness. On the other hand, analysis of the variation around the expected size of the vocabulary shows anomalous fluctuation scaling, i.e. the vocabulary is a nonself-averaging quantity, and therefore, fluctuations are much larger than expected. We derive how this results from topical variations in a collection of texts coming from different authors, disciplines, or times manifest in the form of correlations of frequencies of different words due to their semantic relation. We explore the consequences of topical variation in applications to language change and topic models emphasizing the difficulties (and presenting possible solutions) due to the fact that the statistics of word frequencies are characterized by a fat-tailed distribution. First, we propose an information-theoretic measure based on the Shannon-Gibbs entropy and suitable generalizations quantifying the similarity between different texts which allows us to determine how fast the vocabulary of a language changes over time. Second, we combine topic models from machine learning with concepts from community detection in complex networks in order to infer large-scale (mesoscopic) structures in a collection of texts. Finally, we study language change of individual words on historical time scales, i.e. how a linguistic innovation spreads through a community of speakers, providing a framework to quantitatively combine microscopic models of language change with empirical data that is only available on a macroscopic level (i.e. averaged over the population of speakers).
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Rosén, Håkan. "Utanförskapet har fått ett fast grepp över vårt land : En kritisk diskurs- och ideologianalys av Folkpartiet liberalernas integrationspolitik." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6592.

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I denna studie analyseras Folkpartiet liberalernas integrationspolitik utifrån deras motion Egenmakt, arbete och jämlikhet – Liberal integrationspolitik. Fokus ligger på hur de behandlar utanförskapet och de människor som anses leva i utanförskap. En brännpunkt när utanförskap diskuteras är etnicitet varför detta också ligger i denna undersöknings centrum. Vidare ligger intresset på hur deras liberala ståndpunkter i motionen kommer till uttryck.

I analysen av det empiriska materialet använder jag mig av kritisk diskursanalys för att metoden inte uppfattar sig själv som politiskt neutral och är politiskt engagerad i social förändring, vilket jag finner väsentligt i en undersökning av ett politiskt dokument som säger sig eftersträva lika rättigheter och lika möjligheter och som riktar sig till alla människor som lever i utanförskap. För att analysera de liberala ideologiska ståndpunkterna i motionen använder jag mig även av kritisk ideologianalys. Båda dessa metoder fokuserar på maktfrågor.

De teoretiska utgångspunkter som ligger till grund för studien är socialkonstruktionism och postkoloniala studier. Socialkonstruktionismen innebär ett förhållningssätt till exempelvis etniciteter och kulturer som sociala konstruktioner skapade i interaktion människor emellan och vidare att samhällets påverkan är avgörande i konstruktionen av dessa kategorier. Postkoloniala studier utgår från att kolonialismens historiska processer fortfarande präglar världen och ävenledes synen på människor med annan etnicitet eller kulturell bakgrund än den vita västerländska bakgrunden.

Det som jag anser visa sig tydligast, och som är den viktigaste slutsatsen i min undersökning, är Folkpartiet liberalernas ignorerande av det individualistiska perspektivet i diskussionerna kring utanförskap, kultur och etnicitet. Den individuella dynamiken och samhälleliga mångfalden som är fundamental i liberalismens ideologi får i folkpartiets naturalistiska kulturkonstruktioner inget utrymme.

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Fabre, Marie. "L’usufruit atypique : contribution à la notion de démembrement de la propriété." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020049.

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Face aux limites d’un modèle social fondé sur la propriété absolue, l’usufruit, défini comme un droit de jouissance temporaire sur la chose d’autrui, apparaît aujourd’hui comme un outil fondamentalement utile. C’est aussi un droit en pleine expansion, comme en témoigne la diversification croissante de ses applications. Le quasi-usufruit, l’usufruit successif, l’usufruit temporaire, conditionnel, éventuel mais aussi l’usufruit des créances, des droits sociaux, des droits de propriété intellectuelle ou des universalités de fait sont autant d’exemples d’un usufruit que l’on peut dire « atypique » en raison de ses particularismes de régime. Ce sont ces mécanismes que la présente étude se propose d’étudier. Plus précisément, il s’agit de déterminer si les usufruits spéciaux peuvent ou non se concilier avec le modèle classique de l’usufruit, autrement dit, si une définition et un régime communs demeurent possibles. La démarche suppose alors de trancher la controverse toujours vive de la définition de l’usufruit en un démembrement de la propriété, et, ce faisant, d’apporter des solutions aux insuffisances bien connues des règles classiques de l’usufruit, telles que l’absence de relations personnelles entre les parties, et de manière générale, leur séparation trop stricte dans l’exercice de l’usufruit. De ce point de vue, la réflexion sur les usufruits atypiques crée l’occasion de repenser l’institution entière, et apparaît comme la source d’un potentiel renouvellement
In the face of the limits of a social model organization based on absolute property rights, the right of usufruct (usufruit), which can be defined as a temporary right of use on another individual’s property, appears nowadays as fundamental tool. Usufruct is also a thriving tool, as evidenced by the growing diversification of its implementations. In this regard, the rise of atypical forms of usufruct – usufruct rights that differ substantially from the traditional form and regime of usufruct – is particularly striking. Quasi-usufruct (also known as irregular usufruct), successive usufruct, temporary, conditional or potential usufruct, as well as usufruct on debts, shares, and intellectual property rights are just examples of this booming phenomenon. They are the subject of this research. More precisely, this research seeks to determine whether such atypical rights of usufruct may be accommodated to the more traditional form of usufruct. In other word, the question is whether a characterization and legal regime common to both traditional and atypical forms of usufruct can be achieved. Therefore, this study aims at resolving past debates over the characterization of usufruct as a breaking-up of property rights and at providing remedies to the well-known insufficiencies in the traditional legal framework of usufruct rights, such as the absence of interpersonal relations between the parties, and more generally, their strict dissociation in the actual exercise of the usufruct right. In this perspective, this research on the atypical forms of usufruct is the occasion to fully rethink this legal institution, and opens the way for its prospective renewal
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Nallet, Antoine. "La notion d'universalité, étude de droit civil." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/login?url=https://www.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr/pvurl.php?r=http%3A%2F%2Fdallozbndpro-pvgpsla.dalloz-bibliotheque.fr%2Ffr%2Fpvpage2.asp%3Fpuc%3D5442%26nu%3D240%26selfsize%3D1.

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La notion d’universalité se présente sous l’angle d’une distinction entre l’universalité de droit et l’universalité de fait. Cette opposition, héritage de la tradition, a été, en droit moderne, coulée dans des objets juridiques nouveaux. L’universalité de droit, assimilée à la notion de patrimoine, s’identifie grâce à l’idée de corrélation actif/passif ; l’universalité de fait à l’idée de collection de biens qui se réifie. Devenue familière, cette distinction souffre de quelques paradoxes qui compliquent son insertion dans le droit civil. Contrairement à l’idée affirmée en doctrine, la corrélation actif/passif n’est pas le seul élément d’identité de l’universalité de droit. Comprise, en droit moderne, à partir de la théorie du patrimoine d’Aubry et Rau, elle se différencie également de l’idée de bien. Toutefois, le législateur contemporain, à travers les mécanismes de l’EIRL et de la Fiducie, a consacré l’idée d’une universalité cessible, donc objet de droit.La convergence des deux formes d’universalités vers l’idée de choses appropriées justifie de revenir sur la théorie des universalités et d’interroger le bienfondé de cette distinction. De cette analyse, il ressort que le siège réel de l’universalité correspond à l’idée d’ensemble de biens, qui se réifie. Ce résultat est rendu possible grâce à la communauté d’affectation déterminée par le propriétaire des biens. Il va, par ce fait, créer une interdépendance fonctionnelle entre les différents biens.La structure de l’universalité rend délicate l’appréhension de son régime. Toutefois, sa qualification de bien permet de constater qu’elle s’insère facilement dans la théorie générale des biens, même si quelques ajustements sont nécessaires du fait de son caractère universel. C’est tout un pan du droit des biens qui se trouve saisi par une conception monolithique de l’universalité
In French law, the issue of universitas is usually approached from the universitas juris versus universitas rerum perspective. Universitas juris is the totality of the rights and liabilities of a person regarding its asset; by contrast, universitas rerum is understood as a totality of objects treated in one or more respects as a whole in law. However, in modern law, this traditional dichotomy merged into new subject-matters.Indeed, through the mechanisms such as “Individual Enterprises of Limited Responsibility” and “Trust”, French legislation dedicated, as a new subject-matter, the concept of “transferable” universitas. As a consequence, contrary to the prevailing doctrine, the interrelationship between asset and liability appears not to be the only element of identification of universitas juris. Based on that observation, the commonly enforced distinction between universitas juris and universitas rerum raises legal paradoxes and reveals not to be fit to the modern french civil law.The convergence of the two forms of universitas emphasizes the relevance of the “theory of universitas” while questioning the merits of such dualism. It thus appears that the focal point of universitas must be located in the notion of “proprietary rights”. This is made possible through the upstream definition of a special-purpose asset by the owner, allowing a functional interdependence between different goods treated as an indivisible whole by the law.Concerning its regime, the universitas qualification as a “proprietary right” shows that it fits easily into “the general theory of property law”, even if some adjustments are necessary. It is an entire branch of property law grasped by a monolithic conception of universitas
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Lopez, Matthias. "Test expérimental de l'universalité de la transition d'Anderson avec des atomes froids: Indépendance de l'exposant critique $\nu$ face aux détails microscopiques." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764091.

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En physique du solide, l'étude des effets du désordre a mené à la découverte d'une transition de phase. A faible désordre le solide est conducteur. A fort désordre ce dernier devient isolant. Cette dernière porte le nom de "transition d'Anderson" ou encore de "transition métal-isolant". Elle peut être caractérisée par un exposant critique . Il est prédit théoriquement que sa valeur est universelle, autrement dit, qu'elle n'est pas dépendante des détails microscopiques caractérisant le désordre, mais seulement des symétries satisfaites par le hamiltonien. La réalisation expérimentale d'un tel système est délicate. Des effets de décohérence trop nombreux viennent fausser la mesure de l'exposant critique. Pour contourner ces difficultés, nous réalisons un rotateur frappé avec des atomes froids. La dynamique quantique de ce système est connue pour être la même que celle de l'électron dans un potentiel désordonné. Nous testons alors différents jeux de paramètres régissant le désordre microscopique, et montrons que l'exposant critique en est indépendant. Ainsi nous prouvons expérimentalement l'universalité de la transition, ainsi que son appartenance à une classe d'universalité : l'ensemble gaussien orthogonal. Nous détaillons par ailleurs un changement de taille dans le dispositif : la réalisation d'une onde stationnaire vertical et d'une détection vélocimétrique par temps de vol.
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Gerlach, Martin [Verfasser], Jan-Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Rost, Roland [Akademischer Betreuer] Ketzmerick, and Alvaro [Akademischer Betreuer] Corral. "Universality and variability in the statistics of data with fat-tailed distributions: the case of word frequencies in natural languages / Martin Gerlach. Betreuer: Jan-Michael Rost. Gutachter: Jan-Michael Rost ; Roland Ketzmerick ; Alvaro Corral." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1093412399/34.

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Gerlach, Martin. "Universality and variability in the statistics of data with fat-tailed distributions: the case of word frequencies in natural languages." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29281.

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Natural language is a remarkable example of a complex dynamical system which combines variation and universal structure emerging from the interaction of millions of individuals. Understanding statistical properties of texts is not only crucial in applications of information retrieval and natural language processing, e.g. search engines, but also allow deeper insights into the organization of knowledge in the form of written text. In this thesis, we investigate the statistical and dynamical processes underlying the co-existence of universality and variability in word statistics. We combine a careful statistical analysis of large empirical databases on language usage with analytical and numerical studies of stochastic models. We find that the fat-tailed distribution of word frequencies is best described by a generalized Zipf’s law characterized by two scaling regimes, in which the values of the parameters are extremely robust with respect to time as well as the type and the size of the database under consideration depending only on the particular language. We provide an interpretation of the two regimes in terms of a distinction of words into a finite core vocabulary and a (virtually) infinite noncore vocabulary. Proposing a simple generative process of language usage, we can establish the connection to the problem of the vocabulary growth, i.e. how the number of different words scale with the database size, from which we obtain a unified perspective on different universal scaling laws simultaneously appearing in the statistics of natural language. On the one hand, our stochastic model accurately predicts the expected number of different items as measured in empirical data spanning hundreds of years and 9 orders of magnitude in size showing that the supposed vocabulary growth over time is mainly driven by database size and not by a change in vocabulary richness. On the other hand, analysis of the variation around the expected size of the vocabulary shows anomalous fluctuation scaling, i.e. the vocabulary is a nonself-averaging quantity, and therefore, fluctuations are much larger than expected. We derive how this results from topical variations in a collection of texts coming from different authors, disciplines, or times manifest in the form of correlations of frequencies of different words due to their semantic relation. We explore the consequences of topical variation in applications to language change and topic models emphasizing the difficulties (and presenting possible solutions) due to the fact that the statistics of word frequencies are characterized by a fat-tailed distribution. First, we propose an information-theoretic measure based on the Shannon-Gibbs entropy and suitable generalizations quantifying the similarity between different texts which allows us to determine how fast the vocabulary of a language changes over time. Second, we combine topic models from machine learning with concepts from community detection in complex networks in order to infer large-scale (mesoscopic) structures in a collection of texts. Finally, we study language change of individual words on historical time scales, i.e. how a linguistic innovation spreads through a community of speakers, providing a framework to quantitatively combine microscopic models of language change with empirical data that is only available on a macroscopic level (i.e. averaged over the population of speakers).
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Books on the topic "Universality of fact"

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Borzyh, Stanislav. Universality of uniqueness. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1840173.

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The monograph is devoted to the uniqueness and universality of our being, earthly life, complexity, primarily multicellular organisms, intelligence and civilization. Despite the fact that all these phenomena are presented to us and in our person in the singular, their very existence indicates that, on the one hand, they obey the logic that runs through them all, and on the other hand, they observe certain universal rules for the implementation of something like this. That is, they are unique in their local representation, but they are constructed according to a template that applies to all such cases. The monograph consistently examines the multiplicity of hypostases of these realities and formulates the conclusion that, no matter how many of them there are, they must all fit into the mainstream of two principles — the embodied and the functional. Local conditions determine their final appearance, but the imperatives are the same for them all, and therefore these epithets do not contradict each other, but, on the contrary, are mutually complementary. It is intended both for specialists in the field of epistemology, ontology and philosophy of life, and for the general public interested in real issues.
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Levinson, Joseph David. The hidden face of Purim: Judaism's critique of religious universalism. Jerusalem: Joseph Levinson, 2011.

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Katholizität der Inkarnation: Christliches Leben und Denken zwischen Universalität und Konkretion "nach" dem II. Vaticanum = Catholicite de l'incarnation : vie et pensee chretiennes entre universalite et concretion (d')apres Vatican II. Münster: Aschendorff Verlag, 2016.

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Jean-Nöel, Bezançon, and Institut supérieur de pastorale catéchétique., eds. Enracinement et universalité: La catéchèse face aux nationalités, aux cultures et aux religions. Paris: Desclée, 1991.

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The Selma awakening: How the Civil Rights movement tested and changed Unitarian universalism. Boston: Skinner House Books, 2014.

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1939-, Sitter-Liver Beat, and Hiltbrunner Thomas, eds. Universality, from theory to practice: An intercultural and interdiscplinary debate about facts, possibilities, lies and myths : 25th Colloquium (2007) of the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences. Fribourg: Academic Press, 2009.

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Kanasaka, Kiyonori. Isabella Bird and Japan. Translated by Nicholas Pertwee. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781898823513.

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This book places Bird's visit to Japan in the context of her worldwide life of travel and gives an introduction to the woman herself. Supported by detailed maps, it also offers a highly illuminating view of Japan and its people in the early years of the 'New Japan' following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, as well as providing a valuable new critique on what is often considered as Bird's most important work. The central focus of the book is a detailed exploration of Bird's journeys and the careful planning that went into them with the support of the British Minister, Sir Harry Parkes, seen as the prime mover, who facilitated her extensive travels through his negotiations with the Japanese authorities. Furthermore, the author dismisses the widely-held notion that Bird ventured into the field on her own, revealing instead the crucial part played by Ito, her young servant-interpreter, without whose constant presence she would have achieved nothing. Written by Japan's leading scholar on Isabella Bird, the book also addresses the vexed question of the hitherto universally-held view that her travels in Japan in 1878 only involved the northern part of Honshu and Hokkaido. This mistaken impression, the author argues, derives from the fact that the abridged editions of Unbeaten Tracks in Japan that appeared after the 1880 two-volume original work entirely omit her visit to the Kansai, which took in Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe and the Ise Shrines. Bird herself tells us that she wrote her book in the form of letters to her sister Henrietta but here the author proposes the intriguing theory that these letters were never actually sent. Many well-known figures, Japanese and foreign, are introduced as having influenced Bird's journey indirectly, and this forms a fascinating sub-text.
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Leonard, Richard D. Call to Selma: Eighteen days of witness. Boston: Skinner House Books, 2002.

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Mercati, Flavio. Relativity Without Relativity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789475.003.0007.

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This chapter describes the program, dubbed ‘Relativity without Relativity’, of deriving all the fundamental accepted facts at the basis of modern field theory from relational principles. A best-matching action based on Jacobi’s principle is in fact sufficient to derive the universality of the light cone (Special Relativity), the correct form of Maxwell’s action and its gauge invariance, as well as the Yang–Mills theory. Faraday is credited with the introduction of the concept of field in physics. He found it extremely useful, in particular for the description of magnetic phenomena, to use the concept of lines of force (1830s).
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Banu, Roxana. Universalism Versus Uniformity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198819844.003.0008.

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This chapter focuses on the way in which relational internationalists referenced the transnational context of individual interests and how the pursuit of order and uniformity fits within the relational internationalist perspective. It is commonly assumed that all nineteenth-century individual-centered theories, especially Savigny’s, pled for an intransigent pursuit of order and uniformity. However, this chapter argues that this was rather the main motivation of state-centered theories focused on an analogy between PrIL and PublIL, and of individualistic theories focused on individual liberty. By emphasizing how their reconstruction of jus gentium and natural law was placed alongside their insistence on the particularity of each people, this chapter shows that the universalistic ideology of the relational internationalist authors referenced throughout this book is, in fact, considerably more fluid and more restrained than that of state-centric or individualistic authors. Furthermore, this chapter brings the relational internationalist perspective in conversation with twentieth-century German interest jurisprudence.
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Book chapters on the topic "Universality of fact"

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Besana, Bruno. "Alain Badiou’s Pasolini." In The Scandal of Self-Contradiction, 209–36. Vienna: Turia + Kant, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-06_12.

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In the following analysis, I wish to show how Alain Badiou’s work is crucial to understanding the exact sense of change as ‘inactuality’ or paradoxical actuality, and I wish to do so by scrutinizing his references to Pasolini. Badiou in fact investigates the concept of change through Pasolini’s depiction of the figure of Paul, arguing that it exposes a specific tension between universality and singularity, and between eternity and novelty, which constitutes the very dialectic of change.
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Haller, G. "Fast Diffusion and Universality Near Intersecting Resonances." In Hamiltonian Systems with Three or More Degrees of Freedom, 391–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4673-9_44.

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Anari, Nima, Vishesh Jain, Frederic Koehler, Huy Tuan Pham, and Thuy-Duong Vuong. "Universality of Spectral Independence with Applications to Fast Mixing in Spin Glasses." In Proceedings of the 2024 Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA), 5029–56. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977912.181.

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Iwao, Yasuhiro, and Kenta Izaki. "Universality and Diversity of a Fast, Electrical Block to Polyspermy During Fertilization in Animals." In Diversity and Commonality in Animals, 499–533. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56609-0_24.

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Gallego, Carlos. "Universality at the Margins: Cecile Pineda’s Face and the Horrific Truth of Non-Identity." In Chicana/o Subjectivity and the Politics of Identity, 177–204. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230370333_6.

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"1 .The Universality of Narration." In Fact and Fiction, 1–14. De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110349689-001.

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Gouaffo, Albert. "Décentrer la question des restitutions : l’exemple des biens culturels issus de contextes coloniaux en Afrique face aux micro-histoires régionales." In Minor Universality / Universalité mineure, 251–64. De Gruyter, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110798494-015.

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"The Black Screen." In Indefinite Visions, edited by Richard Misek. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474407120.003.0003.

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This chapter explores the various roles played by the black screen in contemporary moving images. Almost all screens at some point display full frame blackness, but this visual universality masks the many different technologies, techniques, and purposes that underpin black screens, as well as the many different meanings that can be gleaned from them. The black screen can be many things; as its context changes, the blackness slips between different significations and evocations. This chapter suggests in particular that the black screen owes much of its universality and affective power to the fact that it encompasses both surface and space.
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Muradian, Gaiane, and Gaiane Muradian. "William Saroyan: Ethnic and Family Identities in Universal Settings." In Translating Wor(l)ds. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-499-8/003.

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As a particular cultural production, migration literature, increasingly heralded as a new world literature, internationalised literature or world fiction – is a form of transnational writing, concerned mostly with cosmopolitan issues. The universalism of migration literature, however, is based on national or ethnic tradition. Moreover, it is manifested through original life experiences and attitudes that are typical of ethnic expressions of identities. The significant point that this paper emphasises is the fact that William Saroyan is an author who represents a dynamic Armenian-American cultural blend, moving both universal and ethnic literary expressions to new heights. His works demonstrate clearly both his universality and his adherence to national heritage – his ethnic and family identities are employed in his distinct western settings and tones.
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Smullyan, Raymond M. "Shepherdson Revisited." In Recursion Theory for Metamathematics. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195082326.003.0011.

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Theorems A and B of the last chapter were proved using previous results about generativity, Kleene pairs, complete effective inseparability, and double generativity. Yet the two theorems made no mention of these notions; they referred only to the notions of universality, double universality and semi-double universality. [These three notions, by the way, unlike the four notions mentioned above, were denned without reference to any indexing; they are what we would call index-free.] Is it not possible to give more direct proofs of Theorems A and B that do not require all the antecedent machinery of Chapters 4 and 5? We are about to show that it is possible; we will simply transfer Shepherdson’s arguments about first-order systems to recursion theory itself. We shall prove some “recursive function-theoretic” analogues of Shepherdson’s theorems which will provide new proofs of Theorems A and B (in fact, a strengthening of Theorem A will result).
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Conference papers on the topic "Universality of fact"

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Epple, Philipp, Michael Steppert, and Andreas Malcherek. "Wall Bounded Flows and a General Proof of the Validity of the Universal Logarithmic Law of the Wall." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-65733.

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Abstract The logarithmic law of the wall is usually derived for the flat plate assuming stationary, two-dimensional fully developed flow with no external pressure gradient. The Prandtl mixing length model for the turbulence is applied, which assumes homogeneous turbulence and two empirical constants, and the logarithmic wall law is derived. It is than stated in the textbooks that it is universally valid without a proof. As a justification experimental evidence is shown. First this proof will be shown in detail. Than a more general approach based on similarity considerations is made to show the universal validity of the logarithmic law of the wall. Starting from the Navier-Stokes equation a general non dimensional form of this equation is derived showing its dependency from four non-dimensional numbers, the Strouhal, Euler, Reynolds and the Froude number. Then wall bounded laminar flows are analyzed by dimensional analysis. The laminar boundary length and time scales are derived and used to non-dimensionalize the Navier-Stokes equation. With this specific non-dimensionalization for the laminar boundary layer a more specific non dimensional Navier-Stokes equation is derived. Then the high Reynolds limit is taken with considerations of orders of magnitude and the boundary layer equations are derived. Finally, for turbulent near wall flows a dimensional analysis is made and the corresponding near wall non-dimensional velocities and coordinates y+ and u+ are derived from the Buckingham-Π theorem. Using these variables to non-dimensionalize the Navier-Stokes equations in the near wall turbulent region the third author Malcherek showed that the so derived non-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations do not depend on any non-dimensional number and has a unique solution. Hence, the logarithmic law of the wall must be universally valid, without any simplification, any turbulence model, empirical constant or further assumptions. In such a way the students do not have to believe anymore in the universality of the logarithmic law of the wall based on empirical evidence only, now this fact has been proven by the third author Malcherek and the larger context has been elaborated by all authors for an advanced teaching of wall bounded flows.
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Li, J., Yangpeng Song, and Ye Liu. "Development of Post-Processing System for Three Types of Five-Axis Machine Tools Based on Solid Model." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2665.

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Although machine control data can be obtained by means of converting cutter location (CL) data comprised of the tool tip coordinate and the tool axis orientation vector in the workpiece coordinate frame with postprocessor, it’s uncertain whether they can be used for 5-axis machining. Owing to the fact that most postprocessors focus on the method to derive solutions for the equations of NC data by the form-shaping function matrix and the inverse kinematics model without taking the manufacturing scene into consideration, this study has presented a new post-processing system to generate and optimize NC data more effectively by correcting and selecting optimum solution intelligently for machining based on the solid model of machine tool in simulation environment. In general, the post-processing system consists of user interface layer, data access layer and data processing layer to give expression to the characteristics of universality, practicality and adaptability. User interface layer is mainly about loading the machine model and setting the relevant parameters. Data access layer includes model library of generalized five-axis machine tool configurations, rules library of cutter location data and NC data. Data processing layer is the major research in the paper, which illustrates how to correct the inverse solutions set and select the optimization solution for actual machining. The visual interface for post-processing system written by C++ was successfully applied in the experiment on a five-axis machine tool with a C-axis behind a B-axis rotary table, which demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed post-processing methodology in the field of manufacturing.
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Cernian, Alexandra, and Adriana Olteanu. "ONTOLOGY BASED EMOTION DETECTION TRAINING TOOL." In eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-050.

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Humans are a complex, emotion-driven machinery. When we communicate, we use not only words, but we also communicate through our body. In fact, we communicate 7% through verbal communication (words), 38% through para-verbal communication (voice) and 55% through nonverbal communication (body language, facial expression). Each emotion is instantly reflected on our faces through micro expressions, which are very short changes mainly on the eyes, lips, nose, chin, eyebrows, and forehead lines. Psychologists have been preoccupied with the universality of emotions and have identified 7 basic human emotions: fear, anger, sadness, surprise, happiness, disgust and contempt. This paper presents the design and implementation of a training tool for facial expressions detection and interpretation. The application is based on an ontological representation of human emotions and micro expressions. Each emotion is associated with specific changes at facial level, visible for a few micro seconds in the eyes, chin, forehead, nose, eyebrows and mouth. The application is completed with a user interface, where users can test their competencies in detecting human emotions based on facial expressions. The user can upload a photo, analyze it and identify specific facial features and his interpretation regarding the emotions of the person in the photo. The application interrogates the ontology and extracts the emotion displayed and compares it against the user's answer, providing the user with feedback regarding his performance. The application can be integrated into e-learning systems and can help develop human interaction and emotion detection abilities through effective training. Emotion recognition training will lead to improved results in deception detection and has direct impact in fraud detection and security, forensics, psychology, as well as organizational and interpersonal communication processes.
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S, Sujana, Durga Bhavani Kinthadi, and JVR Ravindra. "Feature Level Fusion of Face and Fingerprint Biometric Traits for Universality." In 2023 International Conference on Advances in Electronics, Communication, Computing and Intelligent Information Systems (ICAECIS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaecis58353.2023.10170487.

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Zhang, B., Y. Li, W. N. Huang, X. F. Lv, and Z. X. Xie. "A Universally Fast Adaptive Optimization of an Image Quality." In 2nd International Conference on Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE 2013). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccsee.2013.233.

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Calderon, Alberto A., and Brian Maskew. "Transonic Hull: Theory, Validation, Breakthroughs and Applications to Ships." In SNAME 13th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/fast-2015-024.

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Froude laws are inductive therefore not universally applicable. The relation between Froude and Kelvin, and Froude and Wigley are made explicit. Transonic Hull (TH) has hydrodynamic characteristics not predictable by Froude’s laws. In Transonic Hydrofield (THF) Theory TH’s 3-D triangular shape induces a submerged current - subduction effect - that replaces and substantially precludes bow wave, reducing or eliminating wave making drag growth. TH’s ability to transverse waves without diminishing their energy eliminates slam. TH’s unprecedented breakthroughs with large magnitude are: substantially no bow or stern wave; full displacement regime and near zero pitch independent of speed; linear drag-speed function with greatly reduced wave making (residual) drag; accelerations in a sea that decrease with increasing speed; no slam at any speed and sea conditions. CFD studies of TH-900 vs. Fastship and TH-4022 vs. Axe Bow 4103 shows reduction of drag from 20% to 37% with gains of weight/drag from 33% to 59%. Gains originate from much smaller residual drag. Pre-feasibility studies demonstrate that TH’s triangular waterplanes houses same contents and payloads as conventional vessels provided TH has larger length and beam. TH-1200 Strategic Lift with full payload and range has exceptional high L/D at high speed in Von-Karman-Gabrielli chart.
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Livne, Ariel, Gil Cohen, and Jay Fineberg. "Fast Fracture in Slow Motion." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59132.

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We present recent results of fracture experiments in polyacrylamide gels. Polyacrylamide gels are soft polymer materials in which the characteristic sound speeds are on the order of a few meters/sec — thereby slowing down fracture dynamics by 3 orders of magnitude. We first demonstrate the universality of rapid fracture dynamics, comparing dynamics observed in gels with those seen in “classic” brittle materials such as glass. Among the common features are the appearance and form of branching instabilities as well as characteristic attributes of the resulting fracture surface that provide evidence for crack front inertia when translational invariance along the front is broken. We then demonstrate a number wholly new aspects of the fracture process, whose study is only made possible by utilizing the “slow motion” inherent in the fracture of these materials. These include both a new oscillatory instability at about 90% of the Rayleigh wave speed and measurements of the nonlinear zone at the tip of dynamic cracks.
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Noble, Peter G. "Lessons to be Learned from the Study of Indigenous Craft." In SNAME 13th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/fast-2015-054.

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By looking backwards we can often discover solutions that will allow forward progress. We see in the bible the idea that history repeats itself: What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun. Ecclesiastes 1:9 But the author subscribes to the idea put forward by the American humorist, Mark Twain: History doesn’t repeat itself, but sometimes it rhymes. The design and construction of water-borne craft using “scientific” methods is a relatively recent development in the context of the whole history of that activity, and is by no means universally applied even today Many traditional craft in current service still rely on the process akin to natural selection, as proposed by Darwin, that is, it is not the strongest, most intelligent nor the fittest that survive but those that best adapt. And the evolutionary process continues today. From Bangkok water taxis with “long-tail” propulsion systems, and from Haitian fishing boats with high performance new sails to whaling umiaks in NW Alaska covered with tensioned membrane skins made from walrus hide and equipped with outboard motors, there can be value in studying the design, construction and operational approaches of these craft. Such consideration can lead to insights for the modern naval architect. A number of well-researched publications (Tapan Adney, 1964) and (Haddon, 1975) give a wealth of information on indigenous craft. Sturgeon Nose Canoe USN ZUMWALT Class Destroyer. Noble Lessons to be learned from the study of indigenous craft 2 Lessons such as optimizing weight/strength ratios, minimizing resistance, utilizing materials in clever ways, developing repairable structures etc., can all be learned from the study of indigenous craft. The sense of continuity with a living past obtained by the study of the work of previous generations of designers and builders, realizing that many current problems were their problems too, is both valuable and satisfying. That said, not all examples given in this paper can be directly linked to designers actively seeking out past developments. Some examples have occurred by coincidence, some by accident and some by unwitting “reinvention of the wheel”. Many “new” ideas, however, have been tried before and it is very often possible to test a new idea against past experience. This paper builds on previous ethno-technical study, (Noble 1994) describing the author’s experience in this field and uses a number of specific examples to illustrate the premise.
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Ma, Gang, Zhiliang Hao, Xuan Wu, and Xiaojie Wang. "An Electrical Impedance Tomography Drive Pattern for Fast and Accurate Gesture Recognition With Less Electrodes." In ASME 2019 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2019-5550.

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Abstract This paper presents an optimal Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) drive pattern for real-time gesture recognition, which can reduce the measurement time and realize a performance trade-off between the accuracy and the time response. This method is achieved by feature selection and model explanation. We designed eleven hand gestures to verify the proposed approach. Compared to the 8-electrode method, the optimal electrode drive pattern achieved a recognition accuracy of 97.5% with seven electrodes and the measurement time was reduced by 60%. To illustrate the universality of this method, we performed a contact detection experiment. By setting seven labels on the conductive panel and using optimal electrode drive pattern, the detection accuracy reached 100% with seven electrodes and the measurement time was reduced by 85%.
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Charitonidou, Marianna. "Mobility and Migration as Constituting Elements of Urban Society: Migration as a Gendered Process and How to Challenge Digital Universalism." In 2021 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2021.27.

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The paper aims to present an ensemble of new theoretical frameworks that would allow historiographies of architecture and urban design to take into consideration the question of migration as a gendered process. Unauthorised immigration has emerged as a generalised fact in all Western economies in the post-Second World War era. In such a context, mobility and migration are constituting elements of urban society. Taking as a starting point the fact that domesticity is a construction of the nineteenth century, the main objective of this paper is to shed light on how migration challenges the concepts of user, domesticity and citizenship. Migrant incorporation triggers processes of place-making which open up new social and conceptual spaces in the city. Over the last four decades, there is a changing paradigm in migration studies. This shift is related to the fact that migration studies are gradually paying more and more attention to the gender composition of the migration streams. This trend of studying conjointly gender and migration phenomena becomes more and more dominant. Special attention is paid to methods of gender and migration scholarship that draw on social sci¬ence approaches, treating gender as an institutional part of migration studies and establishing legitimacy for gender in migration studies. The paper reflects upon the implications of establishing methods based on the endeavour to merge migration studies, urban studies and gender studies for the perception of the concepts of placemaking, displacement and domesticity, on the one hand, and for how the mobility from city to city is understood within the contemporary transnational context, on the other hand. Particular emphasis is placed on the relationship between the migration processes and social sustainability. Additionally, the paper examines the role of new media technologies in rethinking the dynamics of migration. It also analyses how we could shape strategies of using urban scale digital twins and big data for decision-making in urban planning that are able to challenge digital universalism.
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Reports on the topic "Universality of fact"

1

Zilberman, Mark. Good and Evil from the Point of View of Physics. Intellectual Archive, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2763.

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The article analyzes the concepts of "good" and "evil" from the point of view of physics. Although the physical concept of “entropy” as a measure of disorder was the first candidate who could serve as the physical basis of these ethical concepts, in fact it is not suitable for this purpose. However, the “entropic potential of the event” Z (T, A) that describes the impact of the event A that occurred in the moment T0 in the system R to the entropy of this system at the future moment T (T > T0) is well suited for our analysis. The article describes methods for calculating the “entropic potential of the event” for certain real-life events and discuss several other related ideas, such as “time factor”, “averaging” and “universality”.
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2

Tillett, Will, and Oliver Jones. Improving Rural Sanitation in Challenging Contexts. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.020.

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Of the two billion people worldwide lacking access to at least basic sanitation, seven out of ten live in rural areas. Progress has been made on increasing rural sanitation and access levels are rising, but barriers remain in reaching the ‘last mile’ or some 10 to 20 per cent of the population who live in the most challenging contexts. The factors affecting the ability of households to construct and use toilets, as well as the challenges sanitation programmes face in reaching specific groups, are highly diverse. Applying one-size fits all approaches has been proven not to work; therefore, we need more nuanced, adapted, and targeted approaches to capture the universality element of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and ensure that no one is left behind. However, we recognise that challenges can be persistent and there are limited documented examples of how to overcome these challenges at scale. The Sanitation Learning Hub, UNICEF, and WaterAid commissioned this study to map rural sanitation approaches in challenging contexts and the guidance currently being used, drawing out emerging experiences and lessons. It involved key informant interviews (KIIs) with 44 interviewees, and consulting over 180 documented resources. This Learning Brief provides an overview of the study findings.
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3

Tillett, Will, and Oliver Jones. ‘Improving Rural Sanitation in Challenging Contexts’ Sanitation Learning Hub Learning Brief 8. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.006.

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Of the two billion people worldwide lacking access to at least basic sanitation, seven out of ten live in rural areas. Progress has been made on increasing rural sanitation and access levels are rising, but barriers remain in reaching the ‘last mile’ or some 10 to 20 per cent of the population who live in the most challenging contexts. The factors affecting the ability of households to construct and use toilets, as well as the challenges sanitation programmes face in reaching specific groups, are highly diverse. Applying one-size fits all approaches has been proven not to work; therefore, we need more nuanced, adapted, and targeted approaches to capture the universality element of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and ensure that no one is left behind. However, we recognise that challenges can be persistent and there are limited documented examples of how to overcome these challenges at scale. The Sanitation Learning Hub, UNICEF, and WaterAid commissioned this study to map rural sanitation approaches in challenging contexts and the guidance currently being used, drawing out emerging experiences and lessons. It involved key informant interviews (KIIs) with 44 interviewees, and consulting over 180 documented resources. This Learning Brief provides an overview of the study findings.
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4

Chand, Obindra Bahadur, Katie Moore, and Stephen Thompson. Key Considerations: Disability-Inclusive Humanitarian Action and Emergency Response in South and Southeast Asia and Beyond. Institute of Development Studies, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2023.019.

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In many settings, people with disabilities face multiple and complex layers of environmental, societal and structural barriers. These barriers can lead to them being disproportionately harmed, neglected and excluded during humanitarian and other emergency responses.1–3 This is especially evident in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Nepal and other South and Southeast Asian nations.4 Limited awareness of the needs of people with disabilities, entrenched social stigma, and inaccessible infrastructure can exacerbate the challenges they face in emergency situations. In addition, there has been little preparation and planning to make disaster and emergency planning disability inclusive.3,5,6 This brief explores disability in the context of humanitarian and public health emergencies in South and Southeast Asia. Its focus is on Nepal, but the principles are universally relevant and can be adapted for any context. It is intended for stakeholders in government, civil society and the humanitarian sector. It aims to support stakeholders to better understand how structural inequities, alongside social and cultural norms and practices, exacerbate the marginalisation and exclusion of people with disabilities in emergencies. This brief presents examples of good practice for disability-responsive humanitarian and emergency planning and intervention. It also provides key considerations for actors aiming to support greater inclusion of people with disabilities in response. This brief draws on evidence from academic and grey literature, and from open-source datasets. It was authored by Obindra Chand (HERD International, University of Essex), Katie Moore (Anthrologica) and Stephen Thompson (Institute of Development Studies (IDS)), supported by Tabitha Hrynick (IDS). This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Disability-Inclusive Humanitarian Action and Emergency Response in South and Southeast Asia and Beyond - Infographic. SSHAP, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2023.020.

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In many settings, people with disabilities face multiple and complex layers of environmental, societal and structural barriers. These barriers can lead to them being disproportionately harmed, neglected and excluded during humanitarian and other emergency responses.1–3 This is especially evident in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Nepal and other South and Southeast Asian nations.4 Limited awareness of the needs of people with disabilities, entrenched social stigma, and inaccessible infrastructure can exacerbate the challenges they face in emergency situations. In addition, there has been little preparation and planning to make disaster and emergency planning disability inclusive.3,5,6 This brief explores disability in the context of humanitarian and public health emergencies in South and Southeast Asia. Its focus is on Nepal, but the principles are universally relevant and can be adapted for any context. It is intended for stakeholders in government, civil society and the humanitarian sector. It aims to support stakeholders to better understand how structural inequities, alongside social and cultural norms and practices, exacerbate the marginalisation and exclusion of people with disabilities in emergencies. This brief presents examples of good practice for disability-responsive humanitarian and emergency planning and intervention. It also provides key considerations for actors aiming to support greater inclusion of people with disabilities in response. This brief draws on evidence from academic and grey literature, and from open-source datasets. It was authored by Obindra Chand (HERD International, University of Essex), Katie Moore (Anthrologica) and Stephen Thompson (Institute of Development Studies (IDS)), supported by Tabitha Hrynick (IDS). This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP. Please note: thisis an accompanying infographic summarising the key points from the related briefing.
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