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Journal articles on the topic 'Universal service'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Raiche, Holly. "From Universal Service to Universal Communications." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2015): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v3n4.33.

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The policy of universal service must change. The 1975 world of a government-owned monopoly provider obligated to provide fixed line voice telephony has been replaced by the twenty-first century reality of Australians using fixed, mobile and text communications over a range of communications equipment and services provided by competitive providers. A new universal service must reflect those changed realities, and with it, the changed environment of a national broadband network, with competitive providers offering service and equipment choice.

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2

Raiche, Holly. "From Universal Service to Universal Communications." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2015): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v3n4.33.

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The policy of universal service must change. The 1975 world of a government-owned monopoly provider obligated to provide fixed line voice telephony has been replaced by the twenty-first century reality of Australians using fixed, mobile and text communications over a range of communications equipment and services provided by competitive providers. A new universal service must reflect those changed realities, and with it, the changed environment of a national broadband network, with competitive providers offering service and equipment choice.

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3

Sutherland, Ewan. "Universal Service." Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 6 (1995): 597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc1995653.

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4

Hills, Jill. "Universal service." Telecommunications Policy 13, no. 2 (June 1989): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(89)90038-4.

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5

Gjika, Jonida. "Universal Servicein Albania." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i4.p211-215.

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Approximation of national legislation in the sector of electronic communications services as well as in the sector of postal services by the acquis communautaire of the EU and harmonization with the policy sector and mid-term strategies for the development of networks and electronic communications services and postal services constitute the first steps and important for inclusion and consideration of universal service in the two respective sectors, the electronic communications and postal services. The next important stage is their implementation in practice for defining the elements of universal service in both sectors, to assess their national circumstances, to identify the social groups and different categories of who should be the beneficiaries of universal service respective by sector considering a set of principles concerning the necessity of their endurance by all users in financial terms,regardless of their geographic location, have access to the services offered and in this regard, the need to be cost-oriented evaluating and monitoring their principles for the fees to be the same for the same services and the obligation for the provider / providers of universal service that the respective services together with their charging and non-discriminatory, in order not to harm its competitiveness and development of the postal sector.

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6

Rapp, Lucien. "Public service or universal service?" Telecommunications Policy 20, no. 6 (July 1996): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(96)81167-0.

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7

Macher, Jeffrey T., John W. Mayo, Olga Ukhaneva, and Glenn A. Woroch. "From universal service to universal connectivity." Journal of Regulatory Economics 52, no. 1 (July 8, 2017): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11149-017-9336-8.

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8

Clegg, Alicia M. "Universal service obligations." Telecommunications Policy 19, no. 6 (August 1995): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(95)97901-j.

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9

De Ridder, John. "Universal Service and Competition." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 9, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n3.437.

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The author is advising the Cook Islands on how to introduce mobile competition, drawing on the experience of Australia. In both countries the impact of infrastructure competition on mandated geographically uniform pricing is being (or proposed to be) addressed with a levy. The different approaches to measuring costs and setting the levy are contrasted. The paper proposes that a universal service levy has to be coupled with consistent access pricing to have efficient competition consistent with universal service policy. Interconnection between networks is free but the pricing of resold wholesale services should be consistent with the aims of the levy; to ensure universal service and efficient competition.

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10

Rogelj, Aljaž, and Boštjan Brezovnik. "Universal Health Services." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 11, no. 3 (August 10, 2013): 687–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/11.3.687-708(2013).

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All EU nationals have the right to health services that are affordable for everyone under the same conditions. Sector-specific regulations provide that health services are services of general interest that must be implemented through a national legal framework. The state must design the universal health services in a way that respects the principle of public health service affordability for all citizens. In the study, we focused on understanding the legal framework which serves as foundation the regulating universal health services in Slovenia, sector-specific regulations and other acts, and tried to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Slovenian legal framework. Our efforts have been directed towards studying the legislative framework of the European Union and defining the legal guidelines that establish the legal framework for universal health service creation.

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11

Eason, Ros. "Universal Service and Telecommunications Competition." Media International Australia 96, no. 1 (August 2000): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0009600112.

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In reforming the regulation of Australian telecommunications over the last decade, successive governments have stressed that traditional community service goals would not be sacrificed. One of the most critical has been the Universal Service Obligation, which aims to make basic services accessible throughout Australia. This article explores the tensions inherent in the marriage between an ostensibly egalitarian social policy and a competitive market model, and criticises the increasing politicisation of decisions about universal service. It examines the treatment of universal service in the report of the National Bandwidth Inquiry, which, the author argues, implies an unravelling of the national project represented by the current universal service regime. She questions the extent to which Australians are likely to tolerate such an outcome.

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12

Xavier, Patrick. "From universal service to universal network access?" info 10, no. 5/6 (August 15, 2008): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636690810904689.

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13

Held, Gilbert. "Are universal service fees a universal ripoff?" International Journal of Network Management 10, no. 4 (2000): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1190(200007/08)10:4<173::aid-nem363>3.0.co;2-6.

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14

Peha, Jon M. "Tradable universal service obligations." Telecommunications Policy 23, no. 5 (June 1999): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-5961(99)00019-1.

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15

Gabel, David. "Broadband and universal service." Telecommunications Policy 31, no. 6-7 (July 2007): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2007.05.002.

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16

Moorhead, Simon. "Revisiting the Universal Service Obligation Scheme." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 9, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 194–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n3.451.

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In this Journal’s tradition of revisiting past papers which have relevance to today’s events, this article reminds us of the value of the paper “Better telecommunications services for all Australians.” (2015) by Reg Coutts. This paper makes five interrelated recommendations to replace the current Universal Service Obligation (USO) policy in Australia, given the NBN rollout and customer preference for mobile services anywhere anytime. Some of its recommendations were arguably taken up by the Productivity Commission’s Public Inquiry into the USO in 2016-17, and implemented by the Australian Government in the form of a new Universal Service Guarantee.

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17

Falch, Morten, and Anders Henten. "Universal Service in a DigitalWorld:TheDemise of Postal Services." Nordic and Baltic Journal of Information and Communications Technologies 2018, no. 1 (2018): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13052/nbjict1902-097x.2018.011.

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18

Jung, Nak-won, and Sung-Wook Kim. "High-speed internet service as Universal service." Journal of Digital Convergence 15, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2017.15.2.11.

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19

Cseres, K. "Universal Service and Consumer Protection:." European Competition and Regulatory Law Review 1, no. 4 (2018): 288–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/core/2017/4/5.

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20

Bel, Germà, and Joan Calzada. "Privatization and Universal Service Obligations." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 165, no. 4 (2009): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/093245609789919685.

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21

Gregory, Mark A. "Universal Service in the Spotlight." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2015): ii—v. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v3n4.39.

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In the December issue papers cover a range of telecommunications related issues both locally and internationally, including Universal Service, legacy telecommunications equipment and a timely review of the progress of the rollout of Ultra-Fast Broadband in New Zealand. A theme in this issue focuses on Universal Service and provides discussion on what a revised Universal Service should constitute and how this revised Universal Service should be delivered. As the digital transformation of government and community service delivery progresses there is a need to consider how new and upgraded telecommunications infrastructure can be best utilised to provide Universal Service. Another theme in this issue considers how telecommunications and service providers are working to ensure that legacy telecommunications equipment is identified, upgraded where necessary and connected to the National Broadband Network or replaced. Readers will also find an interesting update on the provision of reliable telecommunications to Antarctica and how Ericsson is celebrating the milestone of being a significant contributor to Australian telecommunications over the past 125 years.

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22

Rosston, Gregory L., and Bradley S. Wimmer. "The ‘state’ of universal service." Information Economics and Policy 12, no. 3 (September 2000): 261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6245(00)00011-1.

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23

Choné, Philippe, Laurent Flochel, and Anne Perrot. "Universal service obligations and competition." Information Economics and Policy 12, no. 3 (September 2000): 249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6245(00)00014-7.

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24

Sugaya, Minoru. "Advanced universal service in Japan." Telecommunications Policy 21, no. 2 (March 1997): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-5961(96)00077-8.

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25

Kim, Jae-Young. "Universal service and Internet commercialization." Telecommunications Policy 22, no. 4-5 (May 1998): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-5961(98)00021-4.

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26

Milne, Claire. "Stages of universal service policy." Telecommunications Policy 22, no. 9 (October 1998): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-5961(98)00045-7.

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27

Madden, Gary. "Economic welfare and universal service." Telecommunications Policy 34, no. 1-2 (February 2010): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2009.11.001.

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28

Alleman, James, Paul Rappoport, and Aniruddha Banerjee. "Universal service: A new definition?" Telecommunications Policy 34, no. 1-2 (February 2010): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2009.11.009.

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29

van Eijk, Nico, and Joost Poort. "Universal service and disabled people." Telecommunications Policy 36, no. 2 (March 2012): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2011.11.022.

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30

Cremer, H., F. Gasmi, A. Grimaud, and J. J. Laffont. "Universal Service: An economic perspective." Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics 72, no. 1 (March 2001): 5–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8292.00158.

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31

Weller, Dennis. "Auctions for universal service obligations." Telecommunications Policy 23, no. 9 (October 1999): 645–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-5961(99)00048-8.

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32

Lantz, Keith A., Judy L. Edighoffer, and Bruce L. Hitson. "Towards a universal directory service." ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 20, no. 2 (April 1986): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/12481.12483.

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33

Wirzenius, Arno. "Telecommunications universal service in Finland." info 10, no. 5/6 (August 15, 2008): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636690810904751.

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34

Berne, Michel. "Telecommunications universal service in France." info 10, no. 5/6 (August 15, 2008): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14636690810904760.

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35

Barr, Trevor. "Broadband: Towards a universal service." Telecommunications Journal of Australia 57, no. 2/3 (December 2007): 31.1–31.5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/tja07031.

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36

EINHORN, MICHAEL. "Universal Service: Realities and Reforms." Industrial and Corporate Change 4, no. 4 (1995): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icc/4.4.721.

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37

Sawhney, Harmeet. "Universal Service Expansion: Two Perspectives." Information Society 19, no. 4 (September 2003): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01972240309484.

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38

Dordick, Herbert S. "The origins of universal service." Telecommunications Policy 14, no. 3 (June 1990): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(90)90042-p.

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39

Mueller, Milton. "Universal service in telephone history." Telecommunications Policy 17, no. 5 (July 1993): 352–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(93)90050-d.

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40

Blackman, Colin R. "Universal service: obligation or opportunity?" Telecommunications Policy 19, no. 3 (April 1995): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(94)00020-s.

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41

Gautier, Axel, and Xavier Wauthy. "Competitively neutral universal service obligations." Information Economics and Policy 24, no. 3-4 (December 2012): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2012.04.001.

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42

Pateiro Rodríguez, Carlos, Mauro Rodríguez García, José Manuel Barreiro Viñán, and Carlos Pateiro López. "Universal service and disability in services of general economic interest in Spain." Ciencia Económica 5, no. 9 (May 30, 2017): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fe.24484962e.2016.v5n9.a2.

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43

Samarajiva, Rohan, and Gayani Hurulle. "Metrics to improve universal-service fund disbursements." Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 21, no. 2 (March 8, 2019): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-07-2018-0035.

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PurposeMany governments wishing to provide telecommunication services to those who are unconnected have chosen the Universal Service Fund (USF) as the principal policy instrument. However, there is evidence that monies directly or indirectly collected from users of telecommunication services are lying unspent in these funds. The purpose of this paper is to propose metrics for measuring the disbursement efficacy of funds across time and across countries as an essential element of improving the performance of the universal service funds. Design/methodology/approachThis paper proposes two metrics, the total disbursement rate (TDR) and the year-on-year disbursement rate (YDR), which can be used to assess the disbursement efficacy of universal service programs. It illustrates the value of the metrics by applying them to the USFs of India, Malaysia and Pakistan. FindingsA move to push out funds has been observed in India in recent years. Pakistan had not reached the same momentum up to mid-2014. An improvement in Malaysia’s disbursement efficacy was observed until 2013, with nearly all of the funds collected in the previous year being disbursed. A significant proportion of the funds collected are lying unspent in the three USFs, nevertheless. Originality/valueThe proposed metrics are robust, objective and parsimonious indicators that allow comparison over time and across countries. They will enable productive, evidence-based conversations that will hold fund administrators accountable and will inform the design and implementation of more effective policy mechanisms.

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44

Gregory, Mark A. "The Rationale for Universal Access to Digital Services." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 3, no. 4 (December 20, 2015): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v3n4.45.

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The regulated telecommunication markets found in many countries often include the social principle that telecommunications infrastructure should be reasonably available to all at fair and affordable rates. In Australia, this concept of universal service aims to ensure that all people, wherever they reside or carry on business, should have reasonable access, on an equitable basis, to standard telephone services and payphones. The hallmark of the universal service regime has been the reasonable availability of public payphones and the subsidised installation of telecommunications infrastructure at premises nationwide to provide standard telephone services. With the advent and ongoing evolution of broadband technologies a new need has arisen and that is for everyone to have reasonable access, on an equitable basis, to specified digital services, including egovernment services. This paper presents a position and identifies future research necessary to support the transition from the universal service regime to a universal access regime that enshrines the principle of ensuring that federal, state and local egovernment and other specified digital services are reasonably accessible to all, on an equitable basis, wherever they work or live.

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45

Gregory, Mark A. "The Rationale for Universal Access to Digital Services." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 3, no. 4 (December 20, 2015): 166–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v3n4.45.

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The regulated telecommunication markets found in many countries often include the social principle that telecommunications infrastructure should be reasonably available to all at fair and affordable rates. In Australia, this concept of universal service aims to ensure that all people, wherever they reside or carry on business, should have reasonable access, on an equitable basis, to standard telephone services and payphones. The hallmark of the universal service regime has been the reasonable availability of public payphones and the subsidised installation of telecommunications infrastructure at premises nationwide to provide standard telephone services. With the advent and ongoing evolution of broadband technologies a new need has arisen and that is for everyone to have reasonable access, on an equitable basis, to specified digital services, including egovernment services. This paper presents a position and identifies future research necessary to support the transition from the universal service regime to a universal access regime that enshrines the principle of ensuring that federal, state and local egovernment and other specified digital services are reasonably accessible to all, on an equitable basis, wherever they work or live.

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46

Bertot, John, Elsa Estevez, and Tomasz Janowski. "Universal and contextualized public services: Digital public service innovation framework." Government Information Quarterly 33, no. 2 (April 2016): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.05.004.

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47

Nagy, Csongor István. "The Metamorphoses of Universal Service in the European Telecommunications and Energy Sector: A Trans-Sectoral Perspective." German Law Journal 14, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 1731–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200002480.

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Universal service has a pivotal role in market liberalization and competition on both sides of the Atlantic. It is central to the European thinking on markets and public service and is an inevitable element of market liberalization and sectoral competition rules. The universal service aims at preserving the public service in a competitive environment. The paper analyzes this cornerstone of the European thinking from a comparative and trans-sectoral perspective, demonstrating that the concept of universal services should be fundamentally re-conceptualized in EU electronic communications and energy regulation.

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48

Batura, Olga. "Universal service in the EU information society policy." info 16, no. 6 (September 2, 2014): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/info-06-2014-0025.

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Purpose – This study aims to, in the light of the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) objective to provide “broadband for all”, investigate how the DAE can make use of universal service as a regulatory instrument created specifically to ensure a minimum of available and affordable electronic communications services within a competitive market. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses systematic and comparative legal analyses of the European Union (EU)’s universal service rules and contrasts them with Information Society policy measures. Findings – There are strong commonalities between the DAE and universal service on the level of objectives. However, due to heavy reliance on the measures stimulating supply-side, there are discrepancies in the mechanisms of their achievement. At the same time, an effective use of universal service instrument by the DAE is not reasonable. In its current form, universal service does not correspond to the substantive requirements of the Information Society policy and needs to be reformed. The paper calls for additional empirical and theoretical research on the role and form of universal service in the Information Society and outlines main issues for further research. Originality/value – The paper uses the perspective of the EU Information Society policy to undertake a legal analysis of the current universal service regulation. Against this backdrop, it points out obsolescence of individual elements of the scope and logical deficiencies of the review mechanism.

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49

Mostarac, Katarina, Zvonko Kavran, and Estera Rakić. "Accessibility of Universal Postal Service According to Access Points Density Criteria: Case Study of Bjelovar-Bilogora County, Croatia." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 31, no. 2 (April 16, 2019): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v31i2.3019.

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Universal service providers have an obligation to provide a minimum required set of postal services – known as universal service obligation. To ensure universal service obligation, regulatory measures (criteria) which service providers must fulfil are often set up. In this paper, a geographical analysis of these criteria is conducted using current regulatory framework in the Republic of Croatia as an example. Based on the framework of the gravity model, accessibility of postal service is presented. The goal of the proposed research is to investigate the application of the gravity model for determining postal service accessibility, with special emphasis on rural areas. To our knowledge, this method has not been used in previous studies to determine accessibility of postal services. The results of the applied model could be used in future planning of access density criteria with various transportation modes.

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50

Thomas, Rachel. "Contact-ability framework for the delivery of universal services." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2015): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v3n4.30.

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The Universal Service Obligation (USO) ensures access to voice communication services to all Australians. The obligation has changed very little in comparison to the telecommunications market and consumers’ use of services. This presents a number of gaps and risks for consumers as safeguards do not exist for the communications services that are used today, such as data and mobile services. However, updating the obligation to include these services alone will likely fail consumers. Furthermore, focusing on distributing resources does not take into consideration the resulting outcome for consumers; how they utilise the opportunities that they have or the barriers that they may face. This paper outlines the imperative for action in this area and argues for a new framework based on a principal of contact-ability. This new framework will have four key areas; availability, affordability, accessibility and service standards. A further two additional areas; online service delivery and literacy and empowerment, are also needed to fully ensure contact-ability is achieved.

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