Relevant bibliographies by topics / Universal service

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Universal service'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Universal service"

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Raiche, Holly. "From Universal Service to Universal Communications." Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2015): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/ajtde.v3n4.33.

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The policy of universal service must change. The 1975 world of a government-owned monopoly provider obligated to provide fixed line voice telephony has been replaced by the twenty-first century reality of Australians using fixed, mobile and text communications over a range of communications equipment and services provided by competitive providers. A new universal service must reflect those changed realities, and with it, the changed environment of a national broadband network, with competitive providers offering service and equipment choice.
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Raiche, Holly. "From Universal Service to Universal Communications." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 3, no. 4 (December 29, 2015): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v3n4.33.

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The policy of universal service must change. The 1975 world of a government-owned monopoly provider obligated to provide fixed line voice telephony has been replaced by the twenty-first century reality of Australians using fixed, mobile and text communications over a range of communications equipment and services provided by competitive providers. A new universal service must reflect those changed realities, and with it, the changed environment of a national broadband network, with competitive providers offering service and equipment choice.
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Sutherland, Ewan. "Universal Service." Proceedings of the International Association for Business and Society 6 (1995): 597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/iabsproc1995653.

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Hills, Jill. "Universal service." Telecommunications Policy 13, no. 2 (June 1989): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(89)90038-4.

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Gjika, Jonida. "Universal Servicein Albania." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 4 (April 30, 2016): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i4.p211-215.

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Approximation of national legislation in the sector of electronic communications services as well as in the sector of postal services by the acquis communautaire of the EU and harmonization with the policy sector and mid-term strategies for the development of networks and electronic communications services and postal services constitute the first steps and important for inclusion and consideration of universal service in the two respective sectors, the electronic communications and postal services. The next important stage is their implementation in practice for defining the elements of universal service in both sectors, to assess their national circumstances, to identify the social groups and different categories of who should be the beneficiaries of universal service respective by sector considering a set of principles concerning the necessity of their endurance by all users in financial terms,regardless of their geographic location, have access to the services offered and in this regard, the need to be cost-oriented evaluating and monitoring their principles for the fees to be the same for the same services and the obligation for the provider / providers of universal service that the respective services together with their charging and non-discriminatory, in order not to harm its competitiveness and development of the postal sector.
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Rapp, Lucien. "Public service or universal service?" Telecommunications Policy 20, no. 6 (July 1996): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(96)81167-0.

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Macher, Jeffrey T., John W. Mayo, Olga Ukhaneva, and Glenn A. Woroch. "From universal service to universal connectivity." Journal of Regulatory Economics 52, no. 1 (July 8, 2017): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11149-017-9336-8.

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Clegg, Alicia M. "Universal service obligations." Telecommunications Policy 19, no. 6 (August 1995): 509–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-5961(95)97901-j.

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De Ridder, John. "Universal Service and Competition." Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 9, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n3.437.

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The author is advising the Cook Islands on how to introduce mobile competition, drawing on the experience of Australia. In both countries the impact of infrastructure competition on mandated geographically uniform pricing is being (or proposed to be) addressed with a levy. The different approaches to measuring costs and setting the levy are contrasted. The paper proposes that a universal service levy has to be coupled with consistent access pricing to have efficient competition consistent with universal service policy. Interconnection between networks is free but the pricing of resold wholesale services should be consistent with the aims of the levy; to ensure universal service and efficient competition.
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Rogelj, Aljaž, and Boštjan Brezovnik. "Universal Health Services." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 11, no. 3 (August 10, 2013): 687–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/11.3.687-708(2013).

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All EU nationals have the right to health services that are affordable for everyone under the same conditions. Sector-specific regulations provide that health services are services of general interest that must be implemented through a national legal framework. The state must design the universal health services in a way that respects the principle of public health service affordability for all citizens. In the study, we focused on understanding the legal framework which serves as foundation the regulating universal health services in Slovenia, sector-specific regulations and other acts, and tried to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Slovenian legal framework. Our efforts have been directed towards studying the legislative framework of the European Union and defining the legal guidelines that establish the legal framework for universal health service creation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Universal service"

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Hernández-Mendible, Víctor Rafael. "The reengineering of public service: the universal service of telecommunications." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116001.

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This paper tries to explain how the regulation of the telecommunications’ activity abandoned the traditional system of State’s public service and evolved to the establishment of a new legal framework that encourages competition among all the economic agents operating in the sector, who must provide all telecommunications services, and, in case that delivery of basic services to all users cannot be done within the framework of the competition, then exceptionally the State as guarantor must impose obligations to ensure the user’s satisfaction in their communication needs.
El presente trabajo trata de explicar cómo la regulación de la actividad de las telecomunicaciones abandonó el tradicional régimen de servicio público de titularidad estatal, dando paso al establecimiento del nuevo marco jurídico que fomenta la libre competencia entre los agentes económicos que operan en el sector. Dichos agentes deben prestar todos los servicios de telecomunicaciones; sin embargo, en caso de que la prestación de los servicios básicos a todos los usuarios no pueda realizarse en el marco de la concurrencia, entonces, excepcionalmente, el Estado, como garante, deberá acudir a la técnica de la imposición de obligaciones de servicio universal, para asegurar la satisfacción de los usuarios en sus necesidades comunicacionales.
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Ma, Chaoying. "Designing a universal name service." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259461.

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Eustis, Joanne D. "Agenda-Setting: The Universal Service Case." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26954.

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The goal of this dissertation is to test the agenda-setting theories of John Kingdon and Frank Baumgartner/Bryan Jones in terms of applicability. Universal service policy and the 1996 Telecommunications Act serve as the test case. Case study methodology guides the dissertation and employs a variety of methods including the quantitative and qualitative techniques used by John Kingdon and by Frank Baumgartner/Bryan Jones. These methods involve content analysis and the coding of media articles, an analysis of congressional hearings and government reports, and a review of scholarly literature on topics related to the policy-making in general, and telecommunications policy development, in particular. Universal service was selected for legislative action because it was bound up with telecommunications legislation, which required revision. Although some policy-makers preferred a market solution (that is the elimination of subsidized telecommunication services), universal service remained part of the telecommunications policy revision. Reasons include a new issue definition accompanied by a compelling image (information superhighway), the support of rural senators, and presidential leadership. With regard to fundamental differences between the Kingdon and Baumgartner/Jones' theories Kingdon's premise regarding the impact of cyclical events and systematic indicators has more applicability than Baumgartner and Jones' punctuated equilibria model of policy change. In addition, unlike Kingdon's research results, which indicate the media have a minor role in agenda-setting, Baumgartner and Jones' media attention indicators of policy change demonstrated a similar pattern to the universal service media indicators. The influence of interest groups is another point of difference. The universal case as with Baumgartner and Jones' research results that interest groups were major actors in setting the policy agenda. The contribution of this dissertation is to suggest elements of a new integrated model for the study of agenda-setting that incorporates aspects of the work of Kingdon and Baumgartner/Jones.
Ph. D.
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Sharp, Jayson. "A logging service as a universal subscriber." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18223.

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Master of Science
Department of Computing and Information Sciences
Eugene Vasserman
As medical systems expand to allow for the increase the number of devices, new ways to protect patient safety have be developed. The Integrated Clinical Environment, ICE, standard sets up a set of standards that define what an integrated hospital system is. Within the specification is a direct call for a forensic logger that can be used to review patient and system data. The MDCF is one implementation of the ICE standard, but it lacked a key component the ICE standard requires, a logger. Many loggers exist in industry, with varying rates of success and usefulness. A medically sound logger has to be able to completely retell exactly what happened during an event, including patient, device, and system information, so that the right medical professional can provide the best care. Several loggers have been built for MDCF, but few were practical due to the invasiveness of the service. A universal subscriber, a service that is able to connect to all publishing data streams, logging service was built for the MDCF which has the ability to record all information that passes over the MDCF messaging service. This implementation was then stress tested with varying numbers of devices and amounts of data. A reviewing tool was also built that allows for replay of device data that is similar to the original device UI. Future work will include looking into storing system information such as state changes within MDCF and system health. There is also a push to further integrate the forensic reviewer into the core MDCF UI.
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Cairampoma, Arroyo Alberto, and Vega Paul Villegas. "Universal access to potable water. The Peruvian experience." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116167.

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The present article aims to review the development of universal access to potable water in Peru, for this, firstly it analyses the regulations applicable to potable water and sanitation, the main actors of the activity and universal access policy. Subsequently, it explains how the access of all users to potable water in urban and rural areas, respectively is planned.
En el presente artículo se da cuenta del desarrollo del acceso universal al agua potable en el Perú. Para conseguir ello, previamente, se analiza el régimen jurídico del agua potable y saneamiento, los principales actores de la actividad y la política de acceso universal. Esto permite, posteriormente, explicar cómo es que se ha previsto conseguir el acceso de todos los usuarios al agua potable en los sectores urbanos y rurales, respectivamente.
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Kar, Gourab. "Universal design of behind-the-counter workspaces." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39476.

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This design thesis is part of CATEA's RERC workplace accommodations grant, and it adopts a human centered design methodology to research, develop, test and evaluate designs of behind-the-counter workspaces that maximize independence and participation of employees and increase their employment possibilities. Preliminary research shows that current designs of behind-the-counter workspaces do not accommodate needs of intended employees including the seated and standing users. According to the research, factors like task design and lack of ease of use have contributed to job loss and reduced employment. Through participatory research techniques and ergonomic studies, this project identified accessibility and usability needs and outlined basic and extended design guidelines for behind-the-counter workstations that would address these needs. Results from observational research, usability studies and user interviews were analysed to create design specifications for a range of workstations. The resulting workstation designs incorporate universal design guidelines and aim to expand employment opportunities for people with disabilities and older adults.
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Bourk, Michael J., and n/a. "Universal service and people with disabilities : an anlysis of telecommunications policy making from 1975-1997." University of Canberra. Communication, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060608.160344.

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This thesis analyses the development of telecommunications universal service in relation to people with disabilities and national policy making in Australia from 1975 to the end of 1997. The history of public policy development in telecommunications universal service obligations is analysed to gain an understanding of how different political, scientific, social symbolic and material contexts have influenced policy. It is argued that social symbolic and material contexts mutually constitute telecommunications policy. Social symbolic influences, such as charity and 'rights' discourses of disability, have framed telecommunications policy toward people with disabilities. Material contexts, including changing technological, economic and legislative environments, have created favourable conditions for either charity or 'rights' models of disability, and have dominated related policy arenas at various times. The study demonstrates that policy arenas influenced by certain discourses, may also lead to changes within the material environments. The influence of community interest groups is also analysed to investigate their effect on telecommunications policy. Associated with interest group influence on telecommunications policy is a joint consultative process initiated by Telstra and consumer groups in 1988. The value of the consultative process to people with disabilities is evaluated. A key focus of this study is the consideration given by policy makers to the interests of people with a disability in the continuing debate on access and equity issues in relation to telecommunications services for all Australians. A turning-point in telecommunications policy for people with disabilities occurred in 1995, when various people with a disability made a successful complaint against Telstra to the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC). The outcome forced a major change of policy in telecommunications service delivery and benefited many who have disabilities. The HREOC inquiry is a useful case study which indicates the significance of the mutually constitutive effect on policy stemming from the dynamic interaction of social symbolic environments and material conditions. The research revealed that policy in this area may be described as a pluralist, non-linear process. Government and Telstra policy makers have found telecommunications policy a problematic area to reconcile with universal service obligations.
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Risner, Jeffrey K. "The Evolution of Universal Telephone Service: History, Issues, and Alternatives." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1194282333.

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Risner, Jeffrey Keith. "The evolution of universal telephone service history, issues, and alternatives /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1194282333.

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Madureira, Carla Raquel Castro da Rocha. "New generation networks and the telecommunications universal service in Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14096.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Eletrónica
This thesis addresses the issue of Universal Service for telecommunications in the context of the access networks of next generation. This work aims to contribute to the redefinition of the concept of universal telecommunications service focusing primarily on extending it to broadband services as economic and social development factor and taking into account the degree of dependence that currently, modern societies have for the different communication and information services. Complementarily it also intended to meet some of the challenges set out in the European 2020 agenda. Universal Service is defined here as access to a telecommunications network (with obligations in terms of type and quality of service for the operator), by of all citizens at any country's geographical location, with uniform and accessible price. The approach adopted is the State as a mentor for social equity, respectful of the liberalized market dynamics but also knowledgeable of the requirements of modern telecommunications services and its relationship with the different technologies available. The possibility of subsidizing is assumed. The Universal Service´s provision is subject to open to all operators, which are assumed to possess other profitability businesses, than the Universal Service, using technologies similar to those prescribed for the respective Universal Service provision contest. Although the work has components of economic and financial analysis, the approach is the engineering point of view, looking for help to identify technical and organizational solutions which offer prospects for the dissemination and adoption of next generation network solutions. As a point of departure the work gives an overview on the state of the art access networks , trying to identify which of the differences between this reality and possible scenarios for next-generation network with potential access to the generality of the people . The case of the Portuguese reality will be given special attention, taking into account their specific characteristics in terms of geography, demography, economics and market dynamics. The main results of this work are: • Identification of possible scenarios for the evolution of existing networks, in particular in areas with deficit coverage. • Identification of possible operating models and business to the materialization of the above scenarios developed and its economic analysis in an attempt to determine the critical factors associated with sustainability and / or need for subsidies. • Contribution to the regulatory framework of new generation networks from the point of view of the constraints of technology and the specifics of the Universal Service.
Esta tese aborda a questão do serviço universal de telecomunicações no contexto das redes de acesso de nova geração. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para a redefinição do conceito de Serviço Universal de Telecomunicações concentrando-se principalmente em estendê-lo a serviços de banda larga como factor de desenvolvimento económico e social e tendo em conta o grau de dependência que, actualmente, as sociedades modernas têm em relação aos diferentes serviços de comunicação e informação. De forma complementar pretende-se também ir ao encontro de alguns dos desafios enunciados na Agenda Europeia 2020. Serviço Universal é aqui definido como o acesso a uma rede de telecomunicações (com obrigações em termos de tipo e qualidade de serviço para o operador), por parte de todos os cidadãos, em qualquer localização geográfica do país, a preços uniformes e acessíveis. A perspectiva adoptada é a Estatal como mentor da equidade social, respeitador das dinâmicas de mercado liberalizado mas também conhecedor dos requisitos dos modernos serviços de telecomunicações e da sua relação com as diferentes tecnologias disponíveis. A possibilidade de subsidiação é assumida. A prestação de Serviço Universal é sujeita a concurso aberto a todos os operadores, que se assume possuírem outros negócios, que não apenas o Serviço Universal, com rentabilidade e usando tecnologias semelhantes às preconizadas para a respectiva prestação de Serviço Universal. Embora o trabalho desenvolvido tenha componentes de análise económico-financeira, a abordagem utilizada é a de engenharia, procurando contribuir para a identificação de soluções técnicas e organizacionais que possam oferecer perspectivas sustentáveis para a disseminação e adopção das soluções redes de nova geração. Como ponto de partida o trabalho apresenta uma visão geral sobre o estado da arte das redes de acesso, procurando identificar quais os diferenciais existentes entre essa realidade e a de possíveis cenários de rede de próxima geração com potencial de acesso para a generalidade dos cidadãos. O caso da realidade Portuguesa será objecto de uma atenção especial, tendo em consideração as suas especificidades em termos de geografia, demografia, economia e dinâmicas do mercado. Os principais resultados deste trabalho são os seguintes: • Identificação de possíveis cenários para a evolução das redes actuais, nomeadamente em áreas com deficit de cobertura de rede. • Identificação de possíveis modelos de operação e negócio para a materialização dos cenários acima desenvolvidos e respectiva análise económica, como tentativa de determinar os factores críticos associados à sua sustentabilidade e /ou necessidade de subsidiação. • Contributo para o quadro regulatório das Redes de Nova Geração sob o ponto de vista dos constrangimentos das tecnologias e das especificidades do Serviço Universal.
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Books on the topic "Universal service"

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Naab, Bryan. Universal Service Fund, Public Service Commission. Madison, WI: Legislative Audit Bureau, 2013.

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Naab, Bryan. Universal Service Fund, Public Service Commission: An audit. Madison, WI: State of Wisconsin, Legislative Audit Bureau, 1998.

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Allsen, Diann. An audit, Universal Service Fund, Public Service Commission. Madison, WI: Wisconsin Legislative Audit Bureau, 2008.

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Naab, Bryan. Universal Service Fund, Public Service Commission: An audit. Madison, WI: State of Wisconsin, Legislative Audit Bureau, 2009.

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Florida. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Regulated Industries. Intrastate access charges and universal service. [Tallahassee, Fla.]: The Senate, 1997.

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Laffont, Jean-Jacques. Universal service obligations in developing countries. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2004.

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Batura, Olga. Universal Service in WTO and EU law. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-081-7.

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Xavier, Patrick. Universal service obligations in a competitive telecommunications environment. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1995.

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Longstaff, P. H. Telecommunications competition and universal service: The essential tradeoff. Cambridge, Mass: Program on Information Resources Policy, Harvard University, Center for Information Policy Research, 1996.

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Redmond, Sakeenah. Janitorial service training guide: The universal way to clean. United States?: CreateSpace, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Universal service"

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Tardiff, Timothy J. "Universal Service." In Markets, Pricing, and Deregulation of Utilities, 201–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0877-9_10.

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Weik, Martin H. "universal service." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1865. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_20471.

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Knieps, Günter. "Universal Service." In Springer Texts in Business and Economics, 121–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11695-2_7.

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Lewis, Charley. "Universal Service Obligations." In Regulating Telecommunications in South Africa, 127–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43527-1_4.

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Spiegel, Menahem. "Universal Service Obligation." In Expanding Competition in Regulated Industries, 83–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3192-7_5.

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Rowsell, Chris. "Origins of “Universal Service”." In The Future of the Postal Sector in a Digital World, 29–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24454-9_3.

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Lewis, Charley. "The Universal Service Fund." In Regulating Telecommunications in South Africa, 171–216. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43527-1_5.

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Panzar, John C. "Funding Universal Service Obligations." In Future Directions in Postal Reform, 101–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1671-2_6.

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Kim, NamUk, HyunHo Yun, Yonggyu Lee, and Minho Kang. "A QoS Based Service Reservation: Supporting Multiple Service in Optical Access Networks." In Universal Multiservice Networks, 81–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30197-4_9.

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Rawnsley, David, and Nomi Lazar. "Managing the Universal Service Obligation." In Emerging Competition in Postal and Delivery Services, 181–93. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5122-2_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Universal service"

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Hwang, Yun-Young, Il-Jin Oh, Hyung-Jun Im, Kyu-Chul Lee, Kangchan Lee, and Seungyun Lee. "Universal Service Discovery Protocol." In 2007 International Conference on Convergence Information Technology (ICCIT 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccit.2007.4420608.

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Hwang, Yun-Young, Il-Jin Oh, Hyung-Jun Im, Kyu-Chul Lee, Kangchan Lee, and Seungyun Lee. "Universal Service Discovery Protocol." In 2007 International Conference on Convergence Information Technology (ICCIT 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccit.2007.264.

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Akahoshi, Yuhei, Koji Zettsu, Yutaka Kidawara, and Katsumi Tanaka. "A relation-based services management mechanism for service computing." In 2010 4th International Universal Communication Symposium (IUCS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iucs.2010.5666771.

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Khan, Shahzada Alamgir, and Kashif Azim Janjua. "Universal Service: Are Subsidies Beneficial?" In 2007 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2007.1590.

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Simon, L., Ajay Mallya, Ajay Bansal, Gopal Gupta, and T. D. Hite. "A Universal Service Description Language." In IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS'05). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icws.2005.20.

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Lantz, Keith A., Judy L. Edighoffer, and Bruce L. Hitson. "Towards a universal directory service." In the fourth annual ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/323596.323619.

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Eberhart, A. "Towards Universal Web Service Clients." In EuroWeb 2002 Conference. BCS Learning & Development, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/ew2002.7.

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Lewis, Patricia Figliola. "The FCC's universal service rules (abstract)." In the ethics and social impact component. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/276755.276766.

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Bansal, A., S. Kona, L. Simon, A. Mallya, G. Gupta, and T. D. Hite. "A universal service-semantics description language." In Third European Conference on Web Services (ECOWS'05). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecows.2005.4.

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Bachar, Idriss Saleh, Ahmed Dooguy Kora, Roger Marcelin Faye, and Christelle Aupetit-Berthelemot. "Radio access model for universal service." In 2016 18th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icact.2016.7423459.

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Reports on the topic "Universal service"

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Crizer, Scott. Universal National Service. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada413492.

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Brown II, Otis L. Universal National Service Policy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada449299.

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Beatty, Christina, and Larissa Povey. Universal Credit in Rotherham: A transition to full service. Sheffield Hallam University, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/cresr.2018.7738236449.

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Herman, John A. Implementing Universal National Service in Order to Comply with Clausewitz's Remarkable Trinity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401017.

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Greenstein, Shane. Universal Service in the Digital Age: The Commercialization and Geography of U.S. Internet Access. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6453.

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García Zaballos, Antonio, Pau Puig Gabarró, and Enrique Iglesias Rodriguez. Digital Infrastructure in Trinidad and Tobago: Analysis, Challenges, and Action Plan. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003997.

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This document presents an analysis of the state of digital connectivity in Trinidad and Tobago and an action plan to close the existing gap between the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean and those of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. There is also a large gap within the country between urban, densely populated regions and rural, remote, or difficult-to-access regions. Among the impediments to closing the gap are: lack of investment in infrastructure in the most remote areas; limited bandwidth of citizens, institutions and companies that are far from this infrastructure; and lack of competition among internet companies. The government is making efforts in the areas of a universal service fund, spectrum management, and the formulation of the national ICT plan to improve access conditions in the country. Finally, the document estimates the investment gap in the region and in Trinidad and Tobago specifically.
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Abuya, Timothy, Mardieh Dennis, Dennis Matanda, Francis Obare, and Ben Bellows. Impacts of removing user fees for maternal health services on universal health coverage in Kenya. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/pw3ie91.

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Wallace, Ina F. Universal Screening of Young Children for Developmental Disorders: Unpacking the Controversies. RTI Press, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0048.1802.

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In the past decade, American and Canadian pediatric societies have recommended that pediatric care clinicians follow a schedule of routine surveillance and screening for young children to detect conditions such as developmental delay, speech and language delays and disorders, and autism spectrum disorder. The goal of these recommendations is to ensure that children with these developmental issues receive appropriate referrals for evaluation and intervention. However, in 2015 and 2016, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care issued recommendations that did not support universal screening for these conditions. This occasional paper is designed to help make sense of the discrepancy between Task Force recommendations and those of the pediatric community in light of research and practice. To clarify the issues, this paper reviews the distinction between screening and surveillance; the benefits of screening and early identification; how the USPSTF makes its recommendations; and what the implications of not supporting screening are for research, clinical practice, and families.
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Maroñas, Cecilia, Nicolás Rezzano, and Marcello Basani. El saneamiento urbano en Montevideo: 40 años de logros y lecciones aprendidas hacia un servicio adecuado y universal. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003281.

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Un elemento clave para evitar repetir los errores y avanzar hacia un futuro mejor consiste en aprender de la propia experiencia. En ese sentido, todos lo acontecido durante los casi 40 años de arduo trabajo en el desarrollo del sistema de saneamiento y drenaje de Montevideo contiene conocimientos prácticos muy valiosos. Extraer lecciones de tales vivencias permite aprovechar el camino transitado y mejorar el desempeño de los futuros proyectos que se desarrollen en la región. Esto es así, en gran medida, porque la ejecución ininterrumpida de las distintas etapas del Plan de Saneamiento Urbano de Montevideo lo han convertido en un caso de éxito sin precedentes a nivel latinoamericano. En este trabajo se identifican cuatro grandes grupos de lecciones aprendidas, vinculados con: (i) aspectos de carácter institucional, (ii) aspectos relativos al sistema financiero-comercial, (iii) aspectos relacionados con la ejecución de los proyectos que formaron y forman parte del PSU, y (iv) aspectos de carácter social y comunicacional.
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Robinson, Andy. Monitoring and Evaluation for Rural Sanitation and Hygiene: Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.027.

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The monitoring and evaluation (M&E) Guidelines and Framework presented in this document (and in the accompanying M&E Indicator Framework) aim to encourage stakeholders in the rural sanitation and hygiene sector to take a more comprehensive, comparable and people focused approach to monitoring and evaluation. Many M&E frameworks currently reflect the interests and ambitions of particular implementing agencies – that is, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) interventions focused on open-defecation free (ODF) outcomes in triggered communities; market-based sanitation interventions focused on the number of products sold and whether sanitation businesses were profitable; and sanitation finance interventions reporting the number of facilities built using financial support. Few M&E frameworks have been designed to examine the overall sanitation and hygiene situation – to assess how interventions have affected sanitation and hygiene outcomes across an entire area (rather than just in specific target communities); to look at who (from the overall population) benefitted from the intervention, and who did not; to report on the level and quality of service used; or examine whether public health has improved. Since 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have extended and deepened the international monitoring requirements for sanitation and hygiene. The 2030 SDG sanitation target 6.2 includes requirements to: • Achieve access to adequate sanitation and hygiene for all • Achieve access to equitable sanitation and hygiene for all • End open defecation • Pay special attention to the needs of women and girls • Pay special attention to those in vulnerable situations The 2030 SDG sanitation target calls for universal use of basic sanitation services, and for the elimination of open defecation, both of which require M&E systems that cover entire administration areas (i.e. every person and community within a district) and which are able to identify people and groups that lack services, or continue unsafe practices. Fortunately, the SDG requirements are well aligned with the sector trend towards system strengthening, in recognition that governments are responsible both for the provision of sustainable services and for monitoring the achievement of sustained outcomes. This document provides guidelines on the monitoring and evaluation of rural sanitation and hygiene, and presents an M&E framework that outlines core elements and features for reporting on progress towards the 2030 SDG sanitation target (and related national goals and targets for rural sanitation and hygiene), while also encouraging learning and accountability. Given wide variations in the ambition, capacity and resources available for monitoring and evaluation, it is apparent that not all of the M&E processes and indicators described will be appropriate for all stakeholders. The intention is to provide guidelines and details on useful and progressive approaches to monitoring rural sanitation and hygiene, from which a range of rural sanitation and hygiene duty bearers and practitioners – including governments, implementation agencies, development partners and service providers – can select and use those most appropriate to their needs. Eventually, it is hoped that all of the more progressive M&E elements and features will become standard, and be incorporated in all sector monitoring systems.
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