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Jung, Seohyun. "Average-case Completeness Results Using Universal Computational Models." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case160752432028902.
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Oliver, Guillen Jose Fco. "Aspects of universal extra dimensional models and their latticized versions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9882.
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The first part of the thesis deals with models with universal dimensions, models in which all the Standard Model particles propagate in the extra dimension. These models have theinteresting property that at low energies there are no tree-level effects of the extra dimensions. Therefore, as long as the new particles are heavy enough, the first effects of the extra dimensions will appear at one loop, and will be suppressed. As a consequence, new particles related with the extra dimensions can be relatively light ( or, equivalently, the extra dimensions relatively large ). It is therefore very important to determine how light those particles could be, and analyze if they can be produced at the present or immediate future experimental facilities.The thesis analyzes the one-loop contributions of one universal extra dimension to the decay of the Z in the b-quark anti-b channel , which displays strong dependences on the top-quark mass and is well determined from experiment. This process provides the best limit on the mass of the lightest new particle (together with the one obtained from the rhoparameter). However, it is only about 300 GeV (95 \% CL) making the new particles accessible to experimental facilities such as the Large Hadron Collider.In the second part, the thesis studies the question of power corrections to gauge couplings in models with extra dimensions. This is a very important question because if those corrections could be controlled it might be possible to test Grand Unification models atenergies accessible at experiment. The question is also involved because the non-renormalizability of gauge theories in more than four dimensions. Using a full continuum effective field theory approach, based on dimensional regularization, the thesis concludes that power corrections can be computed reliably only if the more complete theorythat generates them is known.Finally the thesis presents the latticized versions of two models with extra dimensions (universal extra dimension and with only Higgs and gauge bosons propagating in the extra dimension) and studies their relevant phenomenology.The topics studied in this thesis require a good knowledge of the language and techniques of the effective field theories as well as the calculational abilities to compute electroweak corrections. In addition thorough understanding of the theoretical structure of the standard model is needed, as well as the phenomenological details of the top and b-quark physics.La primera parte de la tesis está relacionada con modelos con dimensiones extra universales (todas las partículas se propagan en la dimensión extra). En estos modelos, a bajas energías, los primeros efectos aparecen al nivel de un loop. Como consecuencia, nuevas partículas relacionadas con las dimensiones extra pueden ser relativamente ligeras. En esta parte se analiza quan ligeras pueden ser y si pueden ser producidas en las actuales o inmediatamente futuras instalaciones experimentales. La tesis estudia las contribuciones a la desintegración del Z en quarks b, la cual muestra una fuerte dependencia con la masa del top y experimentalmente está bien medida . Este proceso proporciona el mejor límite en la masa de las nuevas partículas, junto con elobtenido del parámetro rho. De todos modos, solo es 300 GeV (95 % CL), lo que hace accesibles las nuevas partículas a las futuras instalaciones experimentales.En la segunda parte, se estudian las correcciones a las constantes gauge en forma de potencias en modelos con dimensiones extra. Lo cual es muy importante porque si estas correcciones pudiesen ser controladas podría ser posible comprobar modelos de Gran Unificación a bajas energías. Usando teorías efectivas, se concluye en la tesis que estas correcciones pueden ser calculadas sin ambigüedad solo cuando se conoce, aunque sea parcialmente, la teoría más completa que genera la teoría extra dimensional.Finalmente la tesis presenta las versiones latizadas de dos modelos diferentes con dimensiones extra y estudia su fenomenología.
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Levi, Emanuele. "Universal properties of the entanglement entropy in quantum integrable models." Thesis, City University London, 2013. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/3041/.
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This thesis is a review of the works and ideas I have been developing in my doctoral studies, and it is mainly based on Castro-Alvaredo & Levi [2011]; Castro-Alvaredo et al. [2011]; Levi [2012]; Levi et al. [2013]. The specific aims of these works were to explore the methods developed in Calabrese & Cardy [2004]; Cardy et al. [2008] with the purpose of quantifying entanglement in a quantum field theory, and have a deeper understanding of their predicting power on lattice systems. The first chapter is meant to be a review of quantum entanglement in many-body physics, and the methods we use to establish the link to QFT. In the second chapter, after a small introduction on conformal field theory, we collect the results of Calabrese & Cardy [2004], focusing in particular on the replica trick and the twist field. The third chapter is devoted to adapting these tools to massive QFT, as performed in Cardy et al. [2008]. In particular we focus on the form factor program for the twist field, by means of which we are able to outline the behavior of entanglement entropy in massive theories in a non perturbative way. We expand on the results found in Castro-Alvaredo & Levi [2011], where higher particle form factors were studied for the roaming trajectory model, and the SU(3)2-homogenous sine-Gordon model. We then carry out a numerical study of the Δ-function of the twist field for these two models. In the fourth chapter we focus on the connection between the Δ-function of the twist field and Zamolodchikov c-function, as performed in Castro-Alvaredo et al. [2011]. In addressing this issue we perform a thorough study of the two point function of the twist field and the trace of the stress-energy tensor. This allows us to introduce a class of composite twist fields, which were the main topic of Levi [2012]. In the fifth and last chapter we group the most common methods used to study the entanglement entropy of quantum spin chains. We start with the XY chain analysis, which is performed with a combination of analytical and numerical methods based on free fermion techniques. We then perform a numerical study of the XXZ chain by means of the density matrix renormalization group approach. Eventually we present the results obtained for these two models in Levi et al. [2013].
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Dai, Shibin. "Universal bounds on coarsening rates for some models of phase transitions." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2376.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.Thesis research directed by: Mathematics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Hohman, Jessica A. "Achieving Universal Health Care in the United States Using International Models." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1146785935.
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Hammond, Terry Richard. "Feasible Models of Universal Health Insurance in Oregon According to Stakeholder Views." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/500.
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This study collects the views of 38 health policy leaders, answering one open-ended question in a 1-hour interview: What state-level reforms do you believe are necessary to implement a feasible model of universal health insurance in Oregon? Interviewees represented seven groups: state officials, insurers, purchasers, hospitals, physicians, public interest, and experts. About 370 coded arguments in the interview transcripts were condensed into 95 categorical topics. A code outline was constructed to present a dialogue among stakeholders in one comprehensive narrative. Topical sections include the cost imperative, politics, model systems, insurance, purchasing, delivery system, practice management, and finance. Summary results show the prevalence of group attention to each topic, group affinities, and proximity correlations of different arguments mentioned by individuals. The most common arguments related to problems of low-value care and delivery system reform. There was a generally felt imperative to control costs. Regarding universal health insurance, stakeholders were split between two main alternatives. One model, favored mostly by insurer and purchaser groups, supported the state-sponsored individual mandate. This plan, embodied in the current Oregon Action Plan to implement universal health insurance, involved managed competition for insurers and clinical governance over professional practice. A separate set of arguments, favored mostly by expert and physician groups, emphasized the need for a unified public system, or utility model, possibly with centralized funds and regional global budgets. The ability of the individual mandate plan to control costs or manage quality appears doubtful, which strengthens opposition. The utility model is more likely to work at cost control and governance, but it disrupts the status quo and its details are vague, which strengthens opposition. Neither model is endorsed by a majority of the stakeholders, and political success for either one alone is not promising. Possibly, a close analysis of the two models could find a way to combine them and generate unified support.
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Akinepally, Pratima Rao. "Investigating Performance of Different Models at Short Text Topic Modelling." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288531.
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The key objective of this project was to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the performance of a sentence embedding model, Universal Sentence Encoder (USE), and a word embedding model, word2vec, at the task of topic modelling. The first step in the process was data collection. The data used for the project was podcast descriptions available at Spotify, and the topics associated with them. Following this, the data was used to generate description vectors and topic vectors using the embedding models, which were then used to assign topics to descriptions. The results from this study led to the conclusion that embedding models are well suited to this task, and that overall the USE outperforms the word2vec models.Det huvudsakliga syftet med det i denna uppsats rapporterade projektet är att kvantitativt och kvalitativt utvärdera och jämföra hur väl Universal Sentence Encoder USE, ett semantiskt vektorrum för meningar, och word2vec, ett semantiskt vektorrum för ord, fungerar för att modellera ämnesinnehåll i text. Projektet har som träningsdata använt skriftliga sammanfattningar och ämnesetiketter för podd-episoder som gjorts tillgängliga av Spotify. De skriftliga sammanfattningarna har använts för att generera både vektorer för de enskilda podd-episoderna och för de ämnen de behandlar. De båda ansatsernas vektorer har sedan utvärderats genom att de använts för att tilldela ämnen till beskrivningar ur en testmängd. Resultaten har sedan jämförts och leder både till den allmänna slutsatsen att semantiska vektorrum är väl lämpade för den här sortens uppgifter, och att USE totalt sett överträffar word2vec-modellerna.
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Madureira, Carla Raquel Castro da Rocha. "New generation networks and the telecommunications universal service in Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14096.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia EletrónicaThis thesis addresses the issue of Universal Service for telecommunications in the context of the access networks of next generation. This work aims to contribute to the redefinition of the concept of universal telecommunications service focusing primarily on extending it to broadband services as economic and social development factor and taking into account the degree of dependence that currently, modern societies have for the different communication and information services. Complementarily it also intended to meet some of the challenges set out in the European 2020 agenda. Universal Service is defined here as access to a telecommunications network (with obligations in terms of type and quality of service for the operator), by of all citizens at any country's geographical location, with uniform and accessible price. The approach adopted is the State as a mentor for social equity, respectful of the liberalized market dynamics but also knowledgeable of the requirements of modern telecommunications services and its relationship with the different technologies available. The possibility of subsidizing is assumed. The Universal Service´s provision is subject to open to all operators, which are assumed to possess other profitability businesses, than the Universal Service, using technologies similar to those prescribed for the respective Universal Service provision contest. Although the work has components of economic and financial analysis, the approach is the engineering point of view, looking for help to identify technical and organizational solutions which offer prospects for the dissemination and adoption of next generation network solutions. As a point of departure the work gives an overview on the state of the art access networks , trying to identify which of the differences between this reality and possible scenarios for next-generation network with potential access to the generality of the people . The case of the Portuguese reality will be given special attention, taking into account their specific characteristics in terms of geography, demography, economics and market dynamics. The main results of this work are: • Identification of possible scenarios for the evolution of existing networks, in particular in areas with deficit coverage. • Identification of possible operating models and business to the materialization of the above scenarios developed and its economic analysis in an attempt to determine the critical factors associated with sustainability and / or need for subsidies. • Contribution to the regulatory framework of new generation networks from the point of view of the constraints of technology and the specifics of the Universal Service.
Esta tese aborda a questão do serviço universal de telecomunicações no contexto das redes de acesso de nova geração. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para a redefinição do conceito de Serviço Universal de Telecomunicações concentrando-se principalmente em estendê-lo a serviços de banda larga como factor de desenvolvimento económico e social e tendo em conta o grau de dependência que, actualmente, as sociedades modernas têm em relação aos diferentes serviços de comunicação e informação. De forma complementar pretende-se também ir ao encontro de alguns dos desafios enunciados na Agenda Europeia 2020. Serviço Universal é aqui definido como o acesso a uma rede de telecomunicações (com obrigações em termos de tipo e qualidade de serviço para o operador), por parte de todos os cidadãos, em qualquer localização geográfica do país, a preços uniformes e acessíveis. A perspectiva adoptada é a Estatal como mentor da equidade social, respeitador das dinâmicas de mercado liberalizado mas também conhecedor dos requisitos dos modernos serviços de telecomunicações e da sua relação com as diferentes tecnologias disponíveis. A possibilidade de subsidiação é assumida. A prestação de Serviço Universal é sujeita a concurso aberto a todos os operadores, que se assume possuírem outros negócios, que não apenas o Serviço Universal, com rentabilidade e usando tecnologias semelhantes às preconizadas para a respectiva prestação de Serviço Universal. Embora o trabalho desenvolvido tenha componentes de análise económico-financeira, a abordagem utilizada é a de engenharia, procurando contribuir para a identificação de soluções técnicas e organizacionais que possam oferecer perspectivas sustentáveis para a disseminação e adopção das soluções redes de nova geração. Como ponto de partida o trabalho apresenta uma visão geral sobre o estado da arte das redes de acesso, procurando identificar quais os diferenciais existentes entre essa realidade e a de possíveis cenários de rede de próxima geração com potencial de acesso para a generalidade dos cidadãos. O caso da realidade Portuguesa será objecto de uma atenção especial, tendo em consideração as suas especificidades em termos de geografia, demografia, economia e dinâmicas do mercado. Os principais resultados deste trabalho são os seguintes: • Identificação de possíveis cenários para a evolução das redes actuais, nomeadamente em áreas com deficit de cobertura de rede. • Identificação de possíveis modelos de operação e negócio para a materialização dos cenários acima desenvolvidos e respectiva análise económica, como tentativa de determinar os factores críticos associados à sua sustentabilidade e /ou necessidade de subsidiação. • Contributo para o quadro regulatório das Redes de Nova Geração sob o ponto de vista dos constrangimentos das tecnologias e das especificidades do Serviço Universal.
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Ilisei, Iustina-Narcisa. "A machine learning approach to the identification of translational language : an inquiry into translationese learning models." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/299371.
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In the world of Descriptive Translation Studies, translationese refers to the specific traits that characterise the language used in translations. While translationese has been often investigated to illustrate that translational language is different from non-translational language, scholars have also proposed a set of hypotheses which may characterise such di erences. In the quest for the validation of these hypotheses, embracing corpus-based techniques had a well-known impact in the domain, leading to several advances in the past twenty years. Despite extensive research, however, there are no universally recognised characteristics of translational language, nor universally recognised patterns likely to occur within translational language. This thesis addresses these issues, with a less used approach in the eld of Descriptive Translation Studies, by investigating the nature of translational language from a machine learning perspective. While the main focus is on analysing translationese, this thesis investigates two related sub-hypotheses: simplication and explicitation. To this end, a multilingual learning framework is designed and implemented for the identification of translational language. The framework is modelled as a categorisation task, the learning techniques having the major goal to automatically learn to distinguish between translated and non-translated texts. The second and third major goals of this research are the retrieval of the recurring patterns that are revealed in the process of solving the task of categorisation, as well as the ranking of the most in uential characteristics used to accomplish the learning task. These aims are ful lled by implementing a system that adopts the machine learning methodology proposed in this research. The learning framework proves to be an adaptable multilingual framework for the investigation of the nature of translational language, its adaptability being illustrated in this thesis by applying it to the investigation of two languages: Spanish and Romanian. In this thesis, di erent research scenarios and learning models are experimented with in order to assess to what extent translated texts can be diff erentiated from non-translated texts in certain contexts. The findings show that machine learning algorithms, aggregating a large set of potentially discriminative characteristics for translational language, are able to diff erentiate translated texts from non-translated ones with high scores. The evaluation experiments report performance values such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure on two datasets. The present research is situated at the con uence of three areas, more precisely: Descriptive Translation Studies, Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing, justifying the need to combine these elds for the investigation of translationese and translational hypotheses.
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Spies, Andreas [Verfasser], and Gisela [Akademischer Betreuer] Anton. "The ANTARES neutrino telescope and constraints for non-universal supersymmetric models from recent experimental results / Andreas Spies. Gutachter: Gisela Anton." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2014. http://d-nb.info/1075742196/34.
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Mathews, Kai Monet. "Transformative Models in K-12 Education| The Impact of a Blended Universal Design for Learning Intervention. An Experimental Mixed Methods Study." Thesis, University of San Diego, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10128128.
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Accountability measures, by way of standardized curriculum and assessments, have played a large part in the attempt to ensure that students from all backgrounds receive equal access to quality education. However, the inherent disadvantage of a standardized system is the implied assumption that all students come in with the same knowledge, learn at the same pace, and learn the same way. In the wake of an increasingly diverse K-12 population, educational researchers, learning theorists, and practitioners agree that the concept of the average student is, in fact, a myth. Students come to school with different needs, norms, interests, cultural behavior, knowledge, motivations, and skill sets. In order for education to properly address the issue of equity, the issue of learner variance must first be attended to.
In 2010, the U.S. Department of Education released its educational plan encouraging teachers to address student variance through more inclusive learning environments. The report highlighted Blended Learning (BL) and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) as promising practices in enabling, motivating, and inspiring all students to achieve regardless of background, language, or disability. Research suggests that the combination of these two approaches could lead to transformative teaching practices that dramatically impact student learning. However, the efficacy of such a model has yet to be tested.
This study tested the efficacy of a Blended Universal Design for Learning (BUDL) model in improving student outcomes. An experimental design was used to explore the impact of a two-week BUDL intervention in an accelerated 7 th grade math class. The effect on student achievement, engagement, and perception was measured. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Though results from the study were statistically insignificant, possible positive associations between a BUDL intervention and student achievement, engagement, and perception emerged. Considerations for clinical significance, suggestions for improvement on the BUDL model, and implications for future research are discussed.
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Slack, Sean Edward. "Essays on categorical and universal welfare provision : design, optimal taxation and enforcement issues." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15659.
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Part I comprises three chapters (2-4) that analyse the optimal combination of a universal benefit (B≥0) and categorical benefit (C≥0) for an economy where individuals differ in both their ability to work and, if able to work, their productivity. C is ex-ante conditioned on applicants being unable to work, and ex-post conditioned on recipients not working. In Chapter 2 the benefit budget is fixed but the test awarding C makes Type I and Type II errors. Type I errors guarantee B > 0 at the optimum to ensure all unable individuals have positive consumption. The analysis with Type II errors depends on the enforcement of the ex-post condition. Under No Enforcement C > 0 at the optimum conditional on the awards test having some discriminatory power; whilst maximum welfare falls with both error propensities. Under Full Enforcement C > 0 at the optimum always; and whilst maximum welfare falls with the Type I error propensity it may increase with the Type II error propensity. Chapters 3 and 4 generalise the analysis to a linear-income tax framework. In Chapter 3 categorical status is perfectly observable. Optimal linear and piecewise-linear tax expressions are written more generally to capture cases where it is suboptimal to finance categorical transfers to eliminate inequality in the average social marginal value of income. Chapter 4 then derives the optimal linear income tax for the case with classification errors and Full Enforcement. Both equity and efficiency considerations capture the incentives an increase in the tax rate generates for able individuals to apply for C. Part II (Chapter 5) focuses on the decisions of individuals to work when receiving C, given a risk of being detected and fined proportional to C. Under CARA preferences the risk premium associated with the variance in benefit income is convex-increasing in C, thus giving C a role in enforcement.
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Edwards, David Craig. "Theoretical considerations in the use of scalar-tensor theories of gravity in inflationary models." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31404.
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The inflationary paradigm is one which was designed to answer questions that arose from classical Hot Big Bang cosmology. The period of rapid expansion in the early Universe provides a mechanism to solve the flatness, horizon and relic problems. More importantly, since the theory was first introduced it has been realised that it also provides a mechanism to generate the initial perturbations from which structure in the Universe can grow. In the zoo of potential inflationary models there is a dominant class: slow-roll inflation. The idea that the energy density of the inflationary field is dominated by its potential highly simplifies the calculations required to predict observable quantities. This simplification relies on all the information required to know the subsequent dynamics of the field to be encoded in the space Φ-Φ̇; it must be an effective phase space. I show that Φ-Φ̇ can be considered to be such a space for the most general scalar-tensor theory which gives second-order equations of motion: Horndeski theory. There are theoretical issues associated with this reduction that are illuminated through specific examples in which they occur. A theoretical issue with inflation is that there is an overabundance of models, with some capable of predicting any value of the possible observables. The second block of work in this thesis looks at a particular set of models that make the same observational prediction. These 'attractor' models utilise a non-minimal coupling between the inflationary fields and gravity and are studied in depth, both in the case of one and several fields. Firstly, I examine the Universal Attractors, a single field subset of these models. I show, in detail, the observational prediction such a model makes in the case of a strong non-minimal coupling and then examine the constraints it would be possible to put on such a coupling if a confirmed detection of primordial gravitational waves was made. Despite the discussion existing in the literature there is a small deviation of the Universal Attractor models from the predictions of the Starobinsky model. Furthermore, the coupling, ξ is found to be constrained so that |ξ| < 1 in the case where there a level of detectable primordial tensor modes. While the attractor models have an effective one-field description in reality there are several other fields that are assumed to be fixed during the inflationary phase. This claim requires careful examination as the field-space of the models generally is not flat. This curvature can cause a destabilising effect with certain parameters and so I investigate how susceptible the α-attractors and related models are to the destabilisation. A key result of this chapter is to highlight how important it is to not rely on the slow-roll approximation when assessing the effect of the instability, as the region where the effect begins to become large corresponds with the region where slow-roll begins to break down. Assuming the slow-roll approximation is valid leads to an over-estimation of the effect that the instability mechanism has. Despite this, some of the models considered are seen to experience the instability for certain ranges of model parameters. Making the assumption that any occurrence of the instability will, at the very least, move the observational prediction of the model outside the currently constrained range allows a constraint on the model parameter in question which directly translates to a theoretical lower bound on the tensor-scalar ratio, r > 0.0005.
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Jirawattanapisal, Thidaporn. "Delivering ART service in Thailand : predicting future workforce requirements and deployment patterns enabling and sustaining universal access through different models of care." Thesis, Queen Margaret University, 2014. https://eresearch.qmu.ac.uk/handle/20.500.12289/7465.
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Thailand introduced universal access to Anti-retroviral treatment (ART) service in 2003. This became the main factor increasing demands for services with increasing numbers of People living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), (PLHIV) and those people living longer. Since 2011, two other factors altered the ART service provision: changes in enrolment criteria to allow PLHIV with high CD4 count (a blood test that establishes the stage of immunosuppression), access to the ART service, and decentralisation changes allowing easier access to ART at peripheral levels. This study therefore examined how service providers at all levels of care deliver ART services, and developed a tool to estimate future requirements for those providers. The case study uses mixed methods including both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Two stages of data collection were conducted; fieldwork to collect data on activities and flow of ART services, and time required for each type of service provider. These become the input data for a second stage to project staffing requirements based on Markov and Monte Carlo analysis to 2025. Three models of ART services were found, across all levels of facility in the public sector operating in high HIV/AIDS prevalence settings,: community-based, doctor-led and mixed-comprehensive. All models adapted their ART services from the national guidelines by applying HR strategies: task shifting, skill mix and community-based approach, to maintain/increase accessibility and quality of care. The estimation of time required to provide ART service of providers was estimated. 60 full time equivalent (FTE) providers (doctors, nurses, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and non-healthcare providers) in 2012, projected to almost double in 2015. This study found negligible gaps (0.02-0.05%) between needs and availability of healthcare providers to deliver ART service. The HR strategies investigated, were sufficiently widespread to be worth recommending for wide application in human resource planning. Moreover, the tool developed to estimate the requirements for healthcare providers from this study could further support forward towards planning for HIV/AIDS services in Thailand and possibly elsewhere.
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Thompson, Andrew Robert. "Heterotrophic Protists as Useful Models for Studying Microbial Food Webs in a Model Soil Ecosystem and the Universality of Complex Unicellular Life." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8575.
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Heterotrophic protists, consisting largely of the Cercozoa, Amoebozoa, Ciliophora, Discoba and some Stramenopiles, are a poorly characterized component of life on Earth. They play an important ecological role in soil communities and provide key insights into the nature of one of life’s most enigmatic evolutionary transitions: the development of the complex unicell. Soil ecosystems are crucial to the functioning of global biogeochemical cycles (e.g. carbon and nitrogen) but are at risk of drastic change from anthropogenic climate change. Heterotrophic protists are the primary regulators of bacterial diversity in soils and as such play integral roles in biogeochemical cycling, nutrient mobilization, and trophic cascades in food webs under stress. Understanding the nature of these changes requires examining the rates, diversity, and resiliency of interactions that occur between soil organisms. However, soils are the most taxonomically diverse ecosystems on Earth and disentangling the complexities of dynamic and varied biotic interactions in them requires a unique model system. The McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, one of the harshest terrestrial environments on Earth, serve as a model soil ecosystem owing to their highly reduced biological diversity. Exploring the functioning of heterotrophic protists in these valleys provides a way to test the applicability of this model system to other soil food webs. However, very little is known about their taxonomic diversity, which is a strong predictor of function. Therefore, I reviewed the Antarctic literature to compile a checklist of all known terrestrial heterotrophic protists in Antarctica. I found significant geographical, methodological, and taxonomic biases and outlined how to address these in future research programs. I also conducted a molecular survey of whole soil communities using 18 shotgun metagenomes representing major landscape features of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The results revealed the dominance of Cercozoa and point to an Antarctic heterotrophic protist soil community that is taxonomically diverse and reflects the structure and composition of communities at lower latitudes. To investigate whether biotic interactions or abiotic factors were a larger driver for Antarctic heterotrophic protists, I conducted variation partitioning using environmental data (e.g. moisture, pH and electrical conductivity). Biotic variables were more significant and accounted for more of the variation than environmental variables. Taken together, it is clear that heterotrophic protists play key ecological roles in this ecosystem. Deeper insights into the ecology of these organisms in the McMurdo Dry Valleys also have implications for the search for complex unicellular life in our universe. I discuss the theoretical underpinnings of searching for these forms of life outside of Earth, conclude that they are likely to occur, and postulate how future missions could practically search for complex unicells.
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Giansante, Moacir. "Aplicação de modelos de engenharia para a identificação dos custos de universalização nas telecomunicações." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259758.
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Orientadores: Raul Vinhas Ribeiro, Maria Silvina MedranoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: Este estudo apresenta uma metodologia para calcular os custos decorrentes de projetos de universalização de serviços de telecomunicações, conforme estabelece a legislação brasileira, denominados como custos líquidos em outras legislações. Tal conceito é baseado na obtenção dos custos evitáveis e para seu cálculo, os custos atribuídos ao cumprimento das obrigações devem ser alocados de forma a guardar relação com a atividade que o gerou bem como com a quantidade de serviços/produtos produzidos. A metodologia também deve ser capaz de capturar economias de escala e de escopo decorrentes de compartilhamento de recursos e de otimização das capacidades instaladas. Por isso, propõe-se um modelo que combine os conceitos de custos incrementais e de custos prospectivos de longo prazo de forma flexível e que permita a análise de diferentes projetos de universalização
Abstract: This study presents a methodology to calculate the net costs resulting from telecommunications universal services, in accordance with Brazilian legislation. Such a concept is based on the estimation of the avoidable costs due to universal obligations. In order to proceed with the calculations, the costs attributed to these obligations should be allocated to guard relation with the activity that generated them as well as with the quantity of service/productsproduced. ,The methodology also should be capable of capture scale and scope economies due to shared resources or capacities optimization. Theproposed model combines the concepts of incremental costs andforward-looking costs in aflexible manner to enable the analysis of different projects regarding universal service
Mestrado
Automação
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Zhou, Hong. "Integration of Analytical Models for Estimating Sediment Supply and Evaluation of Channel Stability." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1456273575.
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Colombino, Jason C. "Can Educators Be Both Good and Successful?: The Relationship Between Socially Just (Good) and Successful Teaching." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107425.
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Thesis advisor: David ScanlonThere is limited research on the relationship between socially just teaching practices and student achievement. While successful teaching is often defined through test scores, good teaching encompasses the moral elements of teaching (Fenstermacher & Richardson, 2005). This study, building on the work of Mitescu, Cochran-Smith, Pedulla, Cannady, and Jong (2011), is a secondary analysis examining the relationship between socially just teaching practices and student achievement. A subsample of 4th and 5th grade English/language arts (ELA) teachers (n=107) and students (n=2587) was taken from the Measures of Effective Teaching Longitudinal Database (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 2013). Classroom videos were coded using the Teaching for Social Justice Observation Scale (TSJOS) of the Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol-Plus (RTOP+) (Mitescu et al.) to measure socially just teaching practices. Unadjusted linear regression analyses indicated a positive significant correlation between teachers’ mean TSJOS score and the class averages on standardized state ELA exams and the class average on an assessment of higher-order thinking skills. This relationship was also found when the same analysis was conducted on 4th grade classrooms as well as 5th grade classrooms. A hierarchical multiple linear regression found a positive significant relationship between TSJOS scores and student achievement after accounting for location, teacher, and student predictor variables. The relationship between socially just teaching practices and student achievement for subgroups of students is discussed. The study analyzed the significance and magnitude of the relationship between socially just teaching practices after two widely used classroom observation protocols, the Framework for Teaching (FfT) and the Protocol for Language Arts Observation Scale (PLATO), were entered into the model. Teacher mean TSJOS scores were found to explain a significant and unique proportion of the variation in state assessment scores after accounting for average FfT ELA observation scores and teacher average PLATO observation scores, separately. This study adds to the literature on the connection between socially just teaching practices and student achievement, in that it provides compelling evidence that socially just teaching practices are not only related to the good, or moral, side of teaching, but also have a positive and significant relationship with increased student achievement for all students
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
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Cox, Christopher 1967. "Watershed master planning for St. Lucia using geographic information systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27303.
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A method for estimating long-term average annual soil loss under different land management scenarios from the Marquis and Soufriere watersheds on St. Lucia is presented. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used, and a GIS was employed to generate the required input parameters. Model execution and results were also generated within the GIS. Modelling soil loss for the different land management scenarios was based upon a land capability classification and associated conservation treatments. Soil losses under current agricultural land-use patterns were analyzed and compared to potential soil losses under conservation treatments following the criteria specified in the land capability classification. The model predicted substantial declines in soil loss where conservation treatments were assigned, as compared to soil loss under current land-use patterns. It was found that predicted soil losses from the Soufriere watershed were four times that predicted for the Marquis watershed for all the land management scenarios modelled. Of the input parameters in the model, slope steepness was most highly correlated to predicted soil loss. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will be used in the development of a decision support system for agricultural and forestry land planning on St. Lucia.
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Barabucci, Gioele <1982>. "A universal delta model." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5761/.
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This thesis presents a universal model of documents and deltas. This model formalize what it means to find differences between documents and to shows a single shared formalization that can be used by any algorithm to describe the differences found between any kind of comparable documents.
The main scientific contribution of this thesis is a universal delta model that can be used to represent the changes found by an algorithm. The main part of this model are the formal definition of changes (the pieces of information that records that something has changed), operations (the definitions of the kind of change that happened) and deltas (coherent summaries of what has changed between two documents). The fundamental mechanism tha makes the universal delta model a very expressive tool is the use of encapsulation relations between changes. In the universal delta model, changes are not always simple records of what has changed, they can also be combined into more complex changes that reflects the detection of more meaningful modifications.
In addition to the main entities (i.e., changes, operations and deltas), the model describes and defines also documents and the concept of equivalence between documents. As a corollary to the model, there is also an extensible catalog of possible operations that algorithms can detect, used to create a common library of operations, and an UML serialization of the model, useful as a reference when implementing APIs that deal with deltas.
The universal delta model presented in this thesis acts as the formal groundwork upon which algorithm can be based and libraries can be implemented. It removes the need to recreate a new delta model and terminology whenever a new algorithm is devised. It also alleviates the problems that toolmakers have when adapting their software to new diff algorithms.
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Falk, Matthew Gregory. "Incorporating uncertainty in environmental models informed by imagery." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/33235/1/Matthew_Falk_Thesis.pdf.
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In this thesis, the issue of incorporating uncertainty for environmental modelling informed by imagery is explored by considering uncertainty in deterministic modelling, measurement uncertainty and uncertainty in image composition. Incorporating uncertainty in deterministic modelling is extended for use with imagery using the Bayesian melding approach. In the application presented, slope steepness is shown to be the main contributor to total uncertainty in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. A spatial sampling procedure is also proposed to assist in implementing Bayesian melding given the increased data size with models informed by imagery. Measurement error models are another approach to incorporating uncertainty when data is informed by imagery. These models for measurement uncertainty, considered in a Bayesian conditional independence framework, are applied to ecological data generated from imagery. The models are shown to be appropriate and useful in certain situations. Measurement uncertainty is also considered in the context of change detection when two images are not co-registered. An approach for detecting change in two successive images is proposed that is not affected by registration. The procedure uses the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test on homogeneous segments of an image to detect change, with the homogeneous segments determined using a Bayesian mixture model of pixel values. Using the mixture model to segment an image also allows for uncertainty in the composition of an image. This thesis concludes by comparing several different Bayesian image segmentation approaches that allow for uncertainty regarding the allocation of pixels to different ground components. Each segmentation approach is applied to a data set of chlorophyll values and shown to have different benefits and drawbacks depending on the aims of the analysis.
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Albertazzi, Ugo. "Essays in banking." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209878.
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Cette thèse contient trois études sur le fonctionnement des banques.Le premier Chapitre analyse empiriquement comment la capacité d’offrir des emprunts à long terme est influencée par la dimension des intermédiaires financiers.
Le deuxième Chapitre analyse, avec un model théorique caractérisé par la présence de soft-budget constraint, ratchet effect et short-termism, comment la pression compétitive influence la capacité des banque de financer le firmes ayant des projets de bonne qualité.
Le troisième Chapitre examine, avec un model théorique du type moral hazard common agency, le conflits d'intérêts des banques universelles.
Financial intermediaries are recognized to promote the efficiency of resource allocation by mitigating problems of incentives, asymmetric information and contract incompleteness. The role played by financial intermediaries is considered so crucial that these institutions have received all over the world the greatest attention of regulators.
Across and within banking sectors it is possible to observe a wide variety of intermediaries. Banks may differ in their size, market power and degree of specialization. This variety raises interesting questions about the features of a well functioning banking sector. These questions have inspired an important body of economic literature which, however, is still inconclusive in many aspects. This dissertation includes three studies intending to contribute in this direction.
Chapter 1 will empirically study the willingness of smaller and larger lenders to grant long-term loans which, as credit to SME's, constitute an opaque segment of the credit market. Chapter 2 analyzes, with a theoretical model, the effects of competition on the efficiency of the banking sector when this is characterized by dynamic commitment issues which brings to excessive refinancing of bad quality investments (so called soft-budget constraint) or excessive termination of good ones (ratchet effect and short-termism). Chapter 3 presents a model to investigate to what extent the distortions posed by conflicts of interest in universal banks can be addressed through the provision of appropriate incentive schemes by the different categories of clients.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Hällgren, Tomas. "Phenomenological studies of dimensional deconstruction." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Physics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-567.
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In this thesis, two applications of dimensional deconstruction are studied. The first application is a model for neutrino oscillations in the presence of a large decon- structed extra dimension. In the second application, Kaluza{Klein dark matter from a latticized universal extra dimension is studied. The goal of these projects have been twofold. First, to see whether it is possible to reproduce the relevant features of the higher-dimensional continuum theory, and second, to examine the effect of the latticization in experiments. In addition, an introduction to the the- ory of dimensional deconstruction as well as to the theory of continuous extra dimensions is given. Furthermore, the various higher-dimensional models, such as Arkani-Hamed{Dvali{Dimopolous (ADD) models and models with universal extra dimensions, that have been intensively studied in recent years, are discussed.
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Dechant, Pierre-Philippe. "Models of the early universe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609618.
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Rohr, Alexander. "A universal realizability model for sequential functional computation." Phd thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://elib.tu-darmstadt.de/diss/000351.
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Shafieian, Mehdi. "Toward a Universal Constitutive Model for Brain Tissue." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/204511.
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Mechanical EngineeringPh.D.
Several efforts have been made in the past half century to characterize the behavior of brain tissue under different modes of loading and deformation rates; however each developed model has been associated with limitations. This dissertation aims at addressing the non-linear and rate dependent behavior of brain tissue specially in high strain rates (above 100 s-1) that represents the loading conditions occurring in blast induced neurotrauma (BINT) and development of a universal constitutive model for brain tissue that describes the tissue mechanical behavior from medium to high loading rates.. In order to evaluate the nature of nonlinearity of brain tissue, bovine brain samples (n=30) were tested under shear stress-relaxation loading with medium strain rate of 10 s-1 at strain levels ranging from 2% to 40% and the isochronous stress strain curves at 0,1 s and 10 s after the peak force formed. This approach enabled verification of the applicability of the quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) theory to brain tissue and derivation of its elastic function based on the physics of the material rather than relying solely on curve fitting. The results confirmed that the QLV theory is an acceptable approximation for engineering shear strain levels below 40% that is beyond the level of axonal injury and the shape of the instantaneous elastic response was determined to be a 5th order odd polynomial with instantaneous linear shear modulus of 3.48±0.18 kPa. To investigate the rate dependent behavior of brain tissue at high strain rates, a novel experimental setup was developed and bovine brain samples (n=25) were tested at strain rates of 90, 120, 500, 600 and 800 s-1 and the resulting deformation and shear force were recorded. The stress-strain relationships showed significant rate dependency at high rates and was characterized using a QLV model with a 739 s-1 decay rate and validated with finite element analysis. The results showed the brain instantaneous elastic response can be modeled with a 3rd order odd polynomial and the instantaneous linear shear modulus was 19.2±1.1 kPa. A universal constitutive model was developed by combining the models developed for medium and high rate deformations and based on the QLV theory, in which the relaxation function has 5 time constants for 5 orders of magnitude in time (from 1 ms to 10 s) and therefore, is capable of predicting the brain tissue behavior in a wide range of deformation rates. Although the universal model presented in this study was developed based on only shear tests and the material parameters could not be found uniquely, by comparing the results of this study with previously available data in the literature under tension unique material parameters were determined for a 5 parameter generalized Rivlin elastic function (C10=3.208±0.602 kPa, C01=4.191±1.074 kPa, C11=79.898±18.974 kPa, C20=-37.093±7.273 kPa, C02=-37.712±5.678 kPa). The universal constitutive model for brain tissue presented in this dissertation is capable of characterizing the brain tissue behavior under large deformation in a wide range of strain rates and can be used in computational modeling of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) to predict injuries that result from falls and sports to automotive accidents and BINT.
Temple University--Theses
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Chang, Tzy-hey H. "A universal relation data model with semantic constructs." Thesis, Boston University, 1988. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/38016.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
This thesis describes a modularized universal relation data model, called URMSC (Universal Relation Data Model with Semantic Constructs). This model incorporates concepts from the semantic data model, such as the notions of entities, aggregation abstractions and generalization/specialization abstractions, into the universal relation data model. These semantic constructs allow us to reduce multiple paths among relation and allow us to loosen some of the constraints that the URM imposes. Consequently, a larger class of queries can be interpreted unambiguously. Modules are defined by aggregation hierarchies. Each module must satisfy the local unique name and attr£bute correlat£on assumptions. The former requires the uniqueness of attribute names on each individual module instead of the entire database scheme, to reduce the number of attribute renamings. The latter is used to disambiguate a query interpretation when there are duplicate attribute names in a database. In a universal relation system, data retrieval queries are expressed by mentioning only the attribute names of interest and their values. We extend this idea to the notion of database update. By taking advantage of the semantic constructs of the model, we provide criteria that guarantee unambiguous interpretation of update requests.
2031-01-01
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Batista, Ronaldo Carlotto. "Soluções atratoras e isocurvatura em modelos de energia escura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-08052014-142702/.
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Recentes observações astrofísicas, em especial de supernovas tipo Ia e das anisotropias da radiação cósmica de fundo, indicam que recentemente na história do universo um tipo desconhecido de energia passou a dominar sua evolução induzindo uma expansão acelerada. Esta componente misteriosa ficou conhecida como energia escura. Nosso objetivo é o estudo da energia escura, através de modelos com constante cosmológica, campo escalar canônico e com o campo de Born-Infeld. Para os modelos com campo escalar, usando potenciais tipo lei de potência, estudamos soluções atratoras para a evolução homogênea. Também estudamos, na aproximação de largas escalas, soluções atratoras para as perturbações dos campos escalares. Mostramos que, para modelos de energia escura com campo escalar canônico, as soluções atratoras a nível perturbativo não geram modos de isocurvatura. Para o campo de Born-Infeld, fazemos uma análise de estabilidade de suas soluções atratoras a nível perturbativo, determinamos em que circunstâncias elas podem gerar modos de isocurvatura. Para os modelos de energia escura mais realistas, estes modos tendem a ser pequenos.Recent astrophysical observations, specially supernova type Ia and cosmic microwave back ground anisotropies, indicate that recently in the history of the universe, some unknown type of energy is dominating its evolution and inducing an accelerated expansion. This mysterious component has been named dark energy. Our aim is to study dark energy, by using cosmological constant, canonical scalar field and Born-Infeld scalar field models. In the models with scalar field, using power law potentials, we study attractor solutions for the homogeneous evolution. We also study, in the large scale approximation, attractor solutions for the scalar field perturbations. We show that, for models with canonical sca lar field , the attractor solutions for its perturbations do not generate isocurvature modes. For the Born-Infeld scalar field, we analyze the stability of its attractor solutions in the perturbative levei, and we determine in which case they can generate isocurvature modes. For the more realistic dark energy models, these modes tend to be small.
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Skordis, Constantinos. "The accelerating universe : models and consequences /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Mimoso, Jose Pedro. "Cosmological models of the early universe." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358557.
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Belkasmi, Mohammed. "Contributions à la théorie des modèles positive." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00733592.
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La première étude systématique de la théorie des modèles positive était faite par Ben Yaacov qui a proposé une approche uniforme aux travaux précurseurs accomplis indépendamment par Robinson, Shelah, Hrushovski et Pillay avec un souci croissant d'incorporer les techniques modernes de la théorie des modèles dans le contexte des logiques réduites. Ben Yaacov et Poizat dans leur travail intitulé fondements de la logique positive ont défini un nouveau cadre pour la théorie des modèles positive, qui détermine le contexte de cette thèse. Dans le premier chapitre nous rappelons les outils de la théorie des modèle positive et nous développons des notions et des outils qui nous seront utiles dans le reste des chapitres. Parmi ceux-ci, il convient de souligner les extensions universelles. Elles caractérisent les bases d'amalgamation dans le deuxième chapitre, et sont cruciales dans la construction des domaines universels positifs. Dans le deuxième chapitre nous étudions la notion d'amalgamation qui s'avère centrale dans la théorie des modèles positive. Elle nous permettra d'étudier la conservation de la séparation topologique entre les extensions élémentaires positives, et de caractériser les théories de Robinson et l'élimination des quanteurs dans certaines classes des structures. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous continuons l'étude de la stabilité positive déjà entamée par Ben Yaacov, et nous en proposons une nouvelle caractérisation par une notion d'ordre propre à la théorie des modèles positive.
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Uski, V., B. Mehlig, R. A. Romer, and M. Schreiber. "Smoothed universal correlations in the two-dimensional Anderson model." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 1998. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-199801066.
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We report on calculations of smoothed spectral correlations in the twodimensional
Anderson model for weak disorder. As pointed out in (M. Wilkinson,
J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 21, 1173 (1988)), an analysis of the smoothing
dependence of the correlation functions provides a sensitive means of establishing
consistency with random matrix theory. We use a semiclassical approach
to describe these fluctuations and offer a detailed comparison between
numerical and analytical calculations for an exhaustive set of two-point correlation
functions. We consider parametric correlation functions with an external
Aharonov-Bohm flux as a parameter and discuss two cases, namely
broken time-reversal invariance and partial breaking of time-reversal invariance.
Three types of correlation functions are considered: density-of-states,
velocity and matrix element correlation functions. For the values of smoothing
parameter close to the mean level spacing the semiclassical expressions
and the numerical results agree quite well in the whole range of the magnetic
flux.
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Chen, Nuo. "A Model of Universal Manual Design for Technical Products." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259195.
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Unlike consumer technologies and electronics that have advanced and become more affordable and intuitive to use, the supplied user manuals are still using the old-fashioned book-like design. There are people who do not read the manuals, even when they are in trouble, because these book-like manuals might be too complicated or difficult to understand. There are also people who are unable to use the manuals because of reading disabilities or illiteracy. These problems can be solved with an universal design for manuals (UDM) on digital platforms. Universal design is a design approach with the goal to provide the same accessibility and usability to all people. However, there was no such published design on the market.The purpose of this research was to investigate requirements for the UDM, and create a model of it. The goal was to propose a model of UDM (MUDM) that describes how a manual can be designed on digital platforms, that is universally accessible and usable.The research method was qualitative with exploratory nature. By studying the relevant literature, scientific papers and existing manuals with high level of usability, a list of the requirements for UDM was compiled and analyzed. Based on the findings from the studies, a model of UDM was created which describes an implementation of the manual as a mobile application on smartphones.The model consists of two diagrams, a flow-chart diagram which describes the navigation and the structure of the application, and a package diagram which covers interaction methods, layouts, components, and information presentation methods. The model covers all the found requirements for UDM, which implies that the model includes methods to achieve all these requirements.Till skillnad från ständigt utvecklande konsumentteknik och konsumentelektronik som har blivit billigare och mer intuitiva att använda, de medföljande manualerna använder fortfarande den gamla bokliknande design. Det finns människor som inte läser manual när de har funderingar eller frågor, eftersom manualen kanske är för komplicerad eller svårbegriplig. Det finns också människor som inte kan använda manualen, på grund av lässvårigheter eller analfabetism. Sådana problem kan lösas med en universell design för manual (UDM) på digitala plattformer. Universell design är en design strategi som syftar på att göra produkten lika tillgänglig och användbar för alla. Dock fanns det ingen sådan design på marknaden.Denna forskning syftade på att undersöka vad det är som krävs för UDM och sedan utveckla en model för det. Målet var att förslå en model för UDM (MUDM) som beskriver hur manual kan designas på digitala plattformer, för att uppnå universell tillgänglighet och användbarhet.Forskningsmetoden var kvalitativ och utforskande. Genom att studera relevanta litteratur, forskningsrapporter och existerande manualer med hög nivå av användbarhet, en lista med kraven för UDM skapades och analyserades. Därefter skapades en model av UDM baserat på upptäckterna från studierna.Modellen beskriver en implementering av manual som mobilapplikation på smartphones. Modellen består av två diagram, ett flödesdiagram och ett paketdiagram. Diagrammen omfattar interaktionsmetoder, layouter, komponenter, navigeringen och metoder för informationspresentation. Modellen täcker också all kraven för UDM, vilket vill säga den innehåller metoder för att uppfylla samtliga kraven.
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Sánchez, Lamelas Francisco Javier. "Universal Media Measurement: Desarrollo de un nuevo modelo para la mediación universal y homogénea de los medios publicitarios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669742.
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La irrupció dels mitjans digitals ha suposat un canvi de paradigma en les estratègies de màrqueting de les empreses, que compten avui amb la possibilitat (o necessitat) de combinar diferents mitjans, plataformes i canals en la seva labor de comunicació. No obstant això, no existeix en l'actualitat un sistema que ajudi a dur a terme una comparació fiable del valor de cada impacte provinent de cadascun dels diferents mitjans, dificultant als professionals del màrqueting el prendre decisions informades sobre la millor combinació possible de mitjans per a les seves campanyes. En la present tesi doctoral es pretén donar resposta a aquesta problemàtica, proposant-se per a això un model de mesurament de mitjans que, mitjançant l'avaluació de la qualitat dels impactes en funció de les característiques de cadascun dels mitjans i del sector en el qual s'emmarquin,. El nostre model, fa comparables impactes que, a priori, no ho són, avaluant a més la qualitat global de tot l'esforç publicitari de la marca o empresa que correspongui.La irrupción de los medios digitales ha supuesto un cambio de paradigma en las estrategias de marketing de las empresas, que cuentan hoy con la posibilidad (o necesidad) de combinar diferentes medios, plataformas y canales en su labor de comunicación. Sin embargo, no existe en la actualidad un sistema que permita llevar a cabo una comparación fiable del valor de cada impacto proveniente de cada uno de los distintos medios, dificultando a los profesionales del marketing el tomar decisiones informadas sobre la mejor combinación posible de medios para sus campañas. En la presente tesis se pretende dar respuesta a dicha problemática, proponiéndose para ello un modelo de medición de medios que, mediante la evaluación de la calidad de los impactos en función de las características de cada uno de los medios y del sector en el que se enmarquen, hace comparables impactos que, a priori, no lo son, evaluando además la calidad global de todo el esfuerzo publicitario de la marca o empresa que corresponda.
The irruption of digital media has meant a paradigm shift in the marketing strategies of companies, who now have the possibility (or need) to combine different media, platforms and channels in their communication effort. However, there is currently no system that allows for a reliable comparison of the value of each impact from each of the different media, making it difficult for marketers to make informed decisions about the best possible combination of media for their campaigns. This thesis aims to give a possible solution to this problem. A measurement model is proposed evaluates the quality of the impacts based on the characteristics of each of the media and the sector in which it is used. This makes it possible to compare impacts thatmay not seem comparable at first sight. Moreover, the model can also be used to evaluate the overall quality of all the advertising effort of the brand or company.
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Bachar, Idriss Saleh. "Approches d'évaluation de l'accès universel et stratégies d’optimisation : Application au cas de l' Afrique centrale." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0098/document.
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Cette thèse aborde de façon systémique l’analyse de la situation des TICs en Afrique Centrale, elle identifie les problématiques liées à l’accès universel et étudie les politiques d’harmonisation des TICs. Cette analyse conduit alors à proposer une cartographie cible intégrée permettant de réduire la fracture numérique. Non seulement les différentes technologies optiques et radio large bande sont mises à contribution mais décrites en vue de relater les notions de base permettant d’appréhender les avantages et inconvénients de chaque technologie. Ceci a permis par la suite de proposer une démarche méthodologique de modélisation de l’indicateur d’accès au service universel couplée à une stratégie d’optimisation révélant, d’une part le gap technologique à combler et d’autre part, prédisant le niveau d’accès technologique à atteindre en fonction des politiques d’investissement du Fonds de Service Universel. Aussi, outre la proposition de cette démarche de modélisation cette thèse apporte une autre contribution en développant un modèle d’architecture réseau basé sur les technologies radio et en proposant une méthodologie consistant à intégrer les différents paramètres impliqués dans le choix des technologies à déployer en vue de l’accès au service universel. De plus, elle se projette dans l’évolution future de la technologie en offrant une ouverture sur les technologies hybridesThis thesis deals systematically with the analysis of the situation of ICTs in Central Africa, it identifies the problems related to universal access and studies ICTs harmonization policies. This analysis then enables the proposal of an integrated target mapping to reduce the digital divide. Not only the different optical and radio broadband technologies are used but described to relate the basic concepts allowing to apprehend the advantages and disadvantages of each technology. This allowed us to propose a methodological approach to modeling the universal access and service indicator coupled with an optimization strategy revealing, on the one hand, the technological gap to be filled and on the other hand, predicting the access level based on technologies to achieve in accordance with the investment policies of the Universal Service Fund. Besides the proposal of this modeling approach, other contributions of this thesis is developing a network model architecture based on radio technologies and proposing a methodology consisting of integrating the various parameters involved in the choice of technologies to be deployed for access and universal service. In addition, it is projected into the future evolution of solutions that leads to hybrid technologies
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Groussin, Mathieu. "Résurrection du passé à l’aide de modèles hétérogènes d’évolution des séquences protéiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10201/document.
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La reconstruction et la résurrection moléculaire de protéines ancestrales est au coeur de cette thèse. Alors que les données moléculaires fossiles sont quasi inexistantes, il est possible d'estimer quelles étaient les séquences ancestrales les plus probables le long d'un arbre phylogénétique décrivant les relations de parentés entre séquences actuelles. Avoir accès à ces séquences ancestrales permet alors de tester de nombreuses hypothèses biologiques, de la fonction des protéines ancestrales à l'adaptation des organismes à leur environnement. Cependant, ces inférences probabilistes de séquences ancestrales sont dépendantes de modèles de substitution fournissant les probabilités de changements entre acides aminés. Ces dernières années ont vu le développement de nouveaux modèles de substitutions d'acides aminés, permettant de mieux prendre en compte les phénomènes biologiques agissant sur l'évolution des séquences protéiques. Classiquement, les modèles supposent que le processus évolutif est à la fois le même pour tous les sites d'un alignement protéique et qu'il est resté constant au cours du temps lors de l'évolution des lignées. On parle alors de modèle homogène en temps et en sites. Les modèles récents, dits hétérogènes, ont alors permis de lever ces contraintes en permettant aux sites et/ou aux lignées d'évoluer selon différents processus. Durant cette thèse, de nouveaux modèles hétérogènes en temps et sites ont été développés en Maximum de Vraisemblance. Il a notamment été montré qu'ils permettent d'améliorer considérablement l'ajustement aux données et donc de mieux prendre en compte les phénomènes régissant l'évolution des séquences protéiques afin d'estimer de meilleurs séquences ancestrales. A l'aide de ces modèles et de reconstruction ou résurrection de protéines ancestrales en laboratoire, il a été montré que l'adaptation à la température est un déterminant majeur de la variation des taux évolutifs entre lignées d'Archées. De même, en appliquant ces modèles hétérogènes le long de l'arbre universel du vivant, il a été possible de mieux comprendre la nature du signal évolutif informant de manière non-parcimonieuse un ancêtre universel vivant à plus basse température que ses deux descendants, à savoir les ancêtres bactériens et archéens. Enfin, il a été montré que l'utilisation de tels modèles pouvait permettre d'améliorer la fonctionnalité des protéines ancestrales ressuscitées en laboratoire, ouvrant la voie à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes évolutifs agissant sur les séquences biologiquesThe molecular reconstruction and resurrection of ancestral proteins is the major issue tackled in this thesis manuscript. While fossil molecular data are almost nonexistent, phylogenetic methods allow to estimate what were the most likely ancestral protein sequences along a phylogenetic tree describing the relationships between extant sequences. With these ancestral sequences, several biological hypotheses can be tested, from the evolution of protein function to the inference of ancient environments in which the ancestors were adatapted. These probabilistic estimations of ancestral sequences depend on substitution models giving the different probabilities of substitution between all pairs of amino acids. Classicaly, substitution models assume in a simplistic way that the evolutionary process remains homogeneous (constant) among sites of the multiple sequence alignment or between lineages. During the last decade, several methodological improvements were realised, with the description of substitution models allowing to account for the heterogeneity of the process among sites and in time. During my thesis, I developed new heterogeneous substitution models in Maximum Likelihood that were proved to better fit the data than any other homogeneous or heterogeneous models. I also demonstrated their better performance regarding the accuracy of ancestral sequence reconstruction. With the use of these models to reconstruct or resurrect ancestral proteins, my coworkers and I showed the adapation to temperature is a major determinant of evolutionary rates in Archaea. Furthermore, we also deciphed the nature of the phylogenetic signal informing substitution models to infer a non-parsimonious scenario for the adaptation to temperature during early Life on Earth, with a non-hyperthermophilic last universal common ancestor living at lower temperatures than its two descendants. Finally, we showed that the use of heterogeneous models allow to improve the functionality of resurrected proteins, opening the way to a better understanding of evolutionary mechanisms acting on biological sequences
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Berndsen, Aaron. "String theoretic models of the early universe." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18674.
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This thesis comprises several manuscripts, each exploring aspects of the dynamics of the early Universe. The foundations of the work presented lies in the realm of cosmology, but draws heavily on string theory as a source of guidance. The thesis commences with a motivation for the research and provides an introduction to the contemporary views of Cosmology: following a historical perspective of cosmology, we motivate the inflationary paradigm of Big Bang Cosmology, and introduce several world-views promoted by string theory. The string-motivated models will address shortcomings of cosmologies based on General Relativity and the Standard Model, and will provide a comprehensive, coherent description of the early Universe that is expected to transition to our observed Universe. Two possibilities presented here include String Gas Cosmology (SGC) and the Brane World scenario. We provide an introduction to these two constructions, and subsequently report on the possibility of simultaneously stabilizing the dilaton and moduli fields in SGC stabilization models, a mechanism to solve the overshoot problem of racetrack inflation, and explore the possibility of long-lived relics in warped reheating.Cette th\èse explore la physique du jeune univers. Nous utilisons la th\'eorie des cordes pour nous aider \à comprendre l'\'epoque pr\'ec\'edant la nucl\'eosynth\èse. Deux manuscrits sont present\'es: un concernant la cosmologie de gaz de cordes (string gas cosmology, SGC), et un concernant le sc\'enario d'un univers membrane (brane world, BW). Nous pla\cons des contraintes sur la stabilization du moduli et du dilaton dans la construction SGC. Puis, nous \'etudions l\'epoque du r\'echauffement de l'univers dans la construction BW, et nous pla\c{c}ons des contraintes sur les param\ètres fundamentaux de la th\'eorie des cordes.
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Allen, Laura. "Cosmological perturbations : constraining models of the universe." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439040.
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Parsons, Paul. "Scalar-field models of the early universe." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390077.
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Nguyen, Mai. "Empirical Evaluation of a Universal Requirements Engineering Process Maturity Model." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4011.
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Context. Software products are usually developed for either a specific customer (bespoke) or a broader market (market-driven). Due to their characteristics, bespoke and market-driven development face different problems, especially in the requirements engineering areas. Moreover, many of these problems are caused by an inadequate requirements engineering process. Hence, in order to improve the process and subsequently the software quality, the maturity of the RE process must be evaluated. Although there are many process assessment initiatives done in bespoke development, there is a need for models covering both approaches. Uni-REPM, which can assess the RE process maturity in all environments, is such a model. Objectives. This study presents an academic and industrial evaluation of the Uni-REPM model before transferring it to industry. Methods. The first validation was conducted in the form of interviews with seven academic experts in which the model was scrutinized for its correctness and completeness. Subsequently, the model and the assessment method were applied and validated in 4 industrial organizations locating in Denmark, Spain and Singapore. Results. Based on the feedback obtained in the validation, refinements were made to the model to improve its quality. In addition, the evaluation result analysis of each industrial project is useful in indentifying weak areas in the process and suggesting possible improvement practices. Conclusions. The study shows that Uni-REPM is a quick, simple and cost-effective solution to assess the maturity level of the Requirements Engineering process of projects. Moreover, the assessment method using checklist is highly usable and applicable in various international development environments.
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Belli, Giacomo. "Thermodynamics and scattering in 2D for 4D theories." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23212/.
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Considering classical open string solutions with a null polygonal contour at the boundary of AdS3, the geometric problem of minimal surfaces related to gluon scattering amplitudes at strong coupling is developed and solved in a set of TBA-like integral equations. Their form resembles that of a TBA system whose free energy yields the dynamic contribution to the area. The corresponding set of functional relations, the so called Y-system, is derived and extensively analyzed in the cases of octagon and decagon together with the set of integral equations. Useful rewrites of the latter establish the connection with a particular class of HSG models and allow us to identify their Y-system (related to a universal TBA) with the one derived in AdS3 when the algebra level k is set to 2. A useful insight that clarifies how to properly reduce to the An series is offered. Thanks to a well defined change of reference frame, whose mathematical structure has been studied in detail, the dynamic part of the remainder function coincides with the extremum of the Yang-Yang functional for the modified TBA equations. Explicit examples have been treated in terms of Y-functions and pseudo-energies, extrapolating useful links with several works concerning null WLs, Hitchin systems and integrable perturbations of CFTs corresponding to Gk-parafermions.
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Humphreys, Neil Paul. "Obervational analysis of the inhomogeneous universe." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310380.
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Gavrilovich, Misha. "Model theory of the universal covering spaces of complex algebraic varieties." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711602.
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Choi, Wai-fung. "Reheating the universe in brane world cosmological models." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39376795.
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Choi, Wai-fung, and 蔡偉峰. "Reheating the universe in brane world cosmological models." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39376795.
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Bleninger, Tobias. "Coupled 3D hydrodynamic models for submarine outfalls environmental hydraulic design and control of multiport diffusers." Karlsruhe Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2006. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2007/238/.
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Bleninger, Tobias. "Coupled 3D hydrodynamic models for submarine outfalls environmental hydraulic design and control of multiport diffusers /." Karlsruhe : Universitätsverlag, 2007. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2007/238/.
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Schön, Astrid. "Modellierung von turbulenten Kohlenwasserstoff-Sauerstoff-Diffusionsflammen und deren Beeinflussung durch reaktionstechnische Parameter." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2005. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2006/126/.
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Gockel, Tilo. "Interaktive 3D-Modellerfassung mittels One-Shot-Musterprojektion und schneller Registrierung." Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2005. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2006/153/.
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Guimaraes, Luiz Galliza. "Estudo de comportamento crítico não universal em modelo de ising com defeitos." Universidade de São Paulo, 1986. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/54/54131/tde-17062015-194451/.
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Nós estudamos análogos quânticos unidimensionais de modelos de Ising em duas dimensões com defeito linear do tipo linha e escada. A abordagem foi a do Grupo de Renormalização Fenomenológico mas argumentos de invariância conforme tiveram que ser utilizados para relacionar o expoente crítico nH* (da função de correlação temporal do spin no defeito) a uma razão de diferenças de energia para cadeias finitas. Para diaginalizar os Hamiltonianos utilizamos o método da tridiagonalização de Lanczos. Os resultados obtidos estão em absoluta concordância com a fórmula de Peschel e Schotte obtida pelo método da bosonizaçãoWe study quantum analogs of two-dimensional Ising models with a linear defect. Conformal invariance and scaling arguments are used to relate the expoent nH* to a finite chain mass-gap ratio. Close agreement is found with the pertinent exact results