Academic literature on the topic 'Universal Healthcare Coverage'
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Journal articles on the topic "Universal Healthcare Coverage"
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Osoro, Alfred A., Edwine B. Atitwa, and John K. Moturi. "Universal Health Coverage." World Journal of Social Science Research 7, no. 4 (September 18, 2020): p14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v7n4p14.
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Universal Health Coverage has attracted global attention as an ideal vehicle that will drive health care services to the individuals, families, and communities globally. Good health systems are capable of serving the needs of entire populations, including the availability of infrastructure, human resources, health technologies, and medicines. This study seeks to identify the barriers and challenges which have hindered the provision of basic health care to communities and suggest ways of addressing some of them. Literature search reviewed 40 materials which were more relevant. Results revealed that there have been disparities in the provision of healthcare. Challenges in service provision include; lack of political commitment, weak health system resulting from limited financial allocation and poor leadership, lack of adequate number of skilled human resources, equipment and supplies and poor infrastructures. For UHC to be successful, an effective and well-functioning Primary Health Care (PHC) system is essential. Thus health systems can be strengthened through financial allocation; training of skilled and well-motivated healthcare workers. Also provision of right equipment and supplies, equity in resource distribution, improvement of infrastructures to meet the needs of the people is fundamental.
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Jaiswal, Nishant. "Harmonizing Healthcare Accreditation Standards with WHO's Universal Health Coverage Goals." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13, no. 6 (June 5, 2024): 1054–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr24613220037.
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Ruth Owino. "Towards Universal Health Coverage." Kabarak Journal of Research & Innovation 11, no. 3 (December 26, 2021): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.58216/kjri.v11i3.78.
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This paper explores the universal health coverage (UHC) in Kenya through the lens of its potential to progressively realize the constitutional promise of the right to the highest attainable standard of health. The health sector in Kenya has experienced tremendous changes since the government piloted the UHC program in four counties that led to the abolition of all fees, more than 200 community health units launched, 7700 community health volunteers with over 700 health workers recruited (MOH, 2020). Still, the government is in the process of scaling up UHC, reforming the national hospital insurance fund (NHIF) to establish a mandatory universal health coverage scheme. This paper sought to examine the framing of UHC; assess the healthcare system between 2017 -2020; investigate the challenges faced in the implementation of UHC in Kenya. The researcher utilized documents analysis to collect the relevant data using a coding schedule. A purposive search was undertaken to identify key policy documents and relevant documents. 18 documents were sampled. The findings reveal that Kenya’s healthcare facilities index stands at 59%, with a density of 2.2 per 10,000 population, the workforce density is at 15.6/10,000. Four counties including Tharaka Nithi (33.8), Nyeri (31.0), Uasin Gishu (28.2), and Nairobi (26.3) have achieved well above the WHO target. Several strategies and programs such as Afya Care, abolished maternity fees for mothers delivering at public facilities, and expansion of the National Health Insurance Fund, has been initiated to drive the UHC agenda. The Ministry of Health’s (MoH) budget also continues to rise, in 2018/19 the MoH received its largest allocation. Kenya, now more than ever, has an opportunity to accelerate progress towards equitable access to healthcare.
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Wankasi, Helen Idubamo. "COVID-19 Pandemic: An Inhibitor of Universal Health Coverage Programme: A ViewPoint." African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery 4, no. 5 (July 27, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-p2ax15ul.
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Ever since the re-emergence of Covid-19 as a pandemic, healthcare facilities (human and materials) have been overstressed, evidenced by the rate at which frontline healthcare workers fall sick and die in the course. In some healthcare institutions, the narrative has changed with regards to the number of days to access physicians for treatment, but selected and booked only on specific days and periods, except in extreme emergencies are able to access physicians un-booked. This is inconsistent with the intent of Universal Health Coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper, therefore, highlighted the objectives, covering a brief overview of COVID-19 and Universal Health Coverage; identified countries developed (Germany 1883) and emerging (South Africa/Nigeria) that have adopted Universal Health Coverage as well described how COVID-19 stands as an inhibitor to the achievement of Universal Health Coverage. At the tail end, recommendations are made on the way forward on the need for effective governance, manpower sourcing and general strengthening of the healthcare system.
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Muhammad Azam, Imtiaz Ali Soomro, Sobia Naseem Siddiqui, Zainullah, Munawar Shahzad, and Afshan Khalid. "Universal Healthcare: Evaluating the Feasibility and Impact of Implementing Universal Health Coverage Worldwide." Indus Journal of Bioscience Research 3, no. 1 (December 31, 2025): 717–26. https://doi.org/10.70749/ijbr.v3i1.582.
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Universal health coverage, widely considered a basic human right, is a health system that ensures all people have access to necessary medical services without any financial barriers. The global discussion on UHC has gained momentum as countries strive to enhance health outcomes, reduce health inequities, and promote general social well-being. The implementation of UHC across the globe would require careful assessment of some of the major factors, including economic costs, healthcare infrastructure, political commitment, and availability of healthcare professionals. For UHC to work, a holistic approach is necessary-one that deals with various health challenges, integrates existing healthcare systems, and makes sure that services remain affordable and accessible to all populations. There are many examples of successful models of UHC that exist in Sweden, Canada, and Japan, among others. Such models have minimized health disparities, increased access to essential healthcare, and improved the population health outcome. There is still resistance to UHC expansion due to political and resource-related constraints and lack of financial support. More recently, the addition of electronic health records and telemedicine has been seen as an essential enabler to expand healthcare access and improve quality-of-service delivery. Though challenges abound, it is apparent that UHC can be attained with concerted global effort, effective funding mechanisms, and strong political will at national and international levels. UHC in the long run can definitely be a factor to improve the health equity situation of the whole world. On the one hand, it could bridge the rich and poor nations with the service delivery of health without causing the individual financial burdens.
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Mudur, G. "India plans to move towards free universal healthcare coverage." BMJ 343, oct19 2 (October 19, 2011): d6774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d6774.
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Parry, J. "WHO outlines strategy for universal healthcare coverage for Asia." BMJ 339, sep29 3 (September 29, 2009): b3989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b3989.
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Lindberg, Clara, Tryphena Nareeba, Dan Kajungu, and Atsumi Hirose. "The Extent of Universal Health Coverage for Maternal Health Services in Eastern Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study." Maternal and Child Health Journal 26, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03357-3.
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Abstract Objective Monitoring essential health services coverage is important to inform resource allocation for the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal 3. The objective was to assess service, effective and financial coverages of maternal healthcare services and their equity, using health and demographic surveillance site data in eastern Uganda. Methods Between Nov 2018 and Feb 2019, 638 resident women giving birth in 2017 were surveyed. Among them, 386 were randomly sampled in a follow-up survey (Feb 2019) on pregnancy and delivery payments and contents of care. Service coverage (antenatal care visits, skilled birth attendance, institutional delivery and one postnatal visit), effective coverage (antenatal and postnatal care content) and financial coverage (out-of-pocket payments for antenatal and delivery care and health insurance coverage) were measured, stratified by socio-economic status, education level and place of residence. Results Coverage of skilled birth attendance and institutional delivery was both high (88%), while coverage of postnatal visit was low (51%). Effective antenatal care was lower than effective postnatal care (38% vs 76%). Financial coverage was low: 91% of women made out-of-pocket payments for delivery services. Equity analysis showed coverage of institutional delivery was higher for wealthier and peri-urban women and these women made higher out-of-pocket payments. In contrast, coverage of a postnatal visit was higher for rural women and poorest women. Conclusion Maternal health coverage in eastern Uganda is not universal and particularly low for postnatal visit, effective antenatal care and financial coverage. Analysing healthcare payments and quality by healthcare provider sector is potential future research.
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Johnson, Micah, and Abdul El-Sayed. "The Road to Universal Coverage: Where Are We Now?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 51, no. 2 (2023): 440–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2023.80.
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NoteThe following was written as a commentary on an article we published in our Spring 2023 issue, “’Comprehensive Healthcare for America’: Using the Insights of Behavioral Economics to Transform the U. S. Healthcare System,” by Paul C. Sorum, Christopher Stein, and Dale L. Moore. This commentary should have appeared alongside that article. We apologize to the authors and our readers for the error.
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Hajizadeh, Mohammad, and Sterling Edmonds. "Universal Pharmacare in Canada: A Prescription for Equity in Healthcare." International Journal of Health Policy and Management 9, no. 3 (October 28, 2019): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.93.
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Despite progressive universal drug coverage and pharmaceutical policies found in other countries, Canada remains the only developed nation with a publicly funded healthcare system that does not include universal coverage for prescription drugs. In the absence of a national pharmacare plan, a province may choose to cover a specific sub-population for certain drugs. Although different provinces have individually attempted to extend coverage to certain subpopulations within their jurisdictions, out-of-pocket expenses on drugs and pharmaceutical products (OPEDP) accounts for a large proportion of out-of-pocket health expenses (OPHE) that are catastrophic in nature. Pharmaceutical drug coverage is a major source of public scrutiny among politicians and policy-makers in Canada. In this editorial, we focus on social inequalities in the burden of OPEDP in Canada. Prescription drugs are inconsistently covered under patchworks of public insurance coverage, and this inconsistency represents a major source of inequity of healthcare financing. Residents of certain provinces, rural households and Canadians from poorer households are more likely to be affected by this inequity and suffer disproportionately higher proportions of catastrophic out-of-pocket expenses on drugs and pharmaceutical products (COPEDP). Universal pharmacare would reduce COPEDP and promote a more equitable healthcare system in Canada.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Universal Healthcare Coverage"
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Thanbancha, Pitak. "The political economy of Thailand's '30 Baht' universal healthcare coverage scheme, 2001-07." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2016. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23584/.
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Shortly after winning a landslide victory in 2001, the Thai Rak Thai Party introduced the 30 baht Healthcare System, also known as the Universal Healthcare (UC) Scheme. For the first time, this made modern health services available to every Thai citizen for a nominal fee of 30 baht (well under one US dollar). Unsurprisingly, there were immediate improvements in healthcare outcomes in Thailand, and the programme was one of a number that consolidated the hold of the Thai Rak Thai Party in Thai politics, a hold that it and its successor parties continue to have. This research argues that these political motivations had a significant impact on the programme's design, and on the problems that emerged with its financial viability. This dissertation examines the background of the UC System (the 30 baht Healthcare System), and assesses its efficiency in the management of resources, equity of access, and service quality, and the long term viability of the UC scheme in terms of financing and the continued participation of private sector service providers. It finds that secondary data is very hard to access and provides neither a comprehensive picture nor satisfactory answers to these questions. The research used a qualitative case study approach to shed light on important aspects of the performance of the scheme, without aiming at comprehensiveness given the limitations of time and resources. The researcher faced significant reluctance from hospitals to reveal internal management strategies and costs and the initial goal of six case study hospitals was reduced to two. Nevertheless, these two provide very useful insights into important aspects of the scheme. The first is B-Care, a private hospital that joined the scheme in its very early days but then opted out when the financial arrangements proved to be unviable. The second was Baanpaew Hospital, a public hospital. Public hospitals are obliged to participate in the scheme but Baanpaew was exceptional in that it devised changes in management and specialisation that enabled it to remain financially viable, unlike many other public hospitals which face ongoing financial problems. The two case studies therefore shed light on the financial stresses to which the scheme led, and the types of responses that may be required to ensure the survival of the scheme in the future.
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Mee-Udon, Farung. "The contribution of universal health insurance coverage scheme to villagers' wellbeing in northeast Thaila." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512326.
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Okungu, Vincent Okongo. "Towards universal health coverage: Exploring healthcare-related financial risk protection for the informal sector in Kenya." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20255.
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There is a global emphasis to move towards universal health coverage (UHC) with the goal of making health services more equitable and accessible for all, without the risk of financial catastrophe when paying for the services. A key element of UHC reforms is to move away from out-of-pocket payments for health services towards a greater emphasis on mandatory prepayment health financing. The main challenge for low- and middle-income countries is how to extend coverage for informal sector populations, which in most cases are disproportionately exposed to catastrophic and impoverishing healthcare costs. This study explored the nature of the informal sector in Kenya, the experience of members of the informal sector with the health system, their views on different prepayment mechanisms for health services and compares the resource requirements for UHC through a system that requires contributions from the informal sector and a system that is non-contributory.
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Nkosi, Mbhekeni Sabelo. "National Health Insurance (NHI) – towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) for all in South Africa: a philosophical analysis." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7703.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis study is a philosophical analysis of the National Health Insurance (NHI) policy and legislation, including the related NHI Fund, with a view to assessing its prospects in realising Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The NHI system is about ensuring universal access to quality healthcare for all. The rationale is to provide free healthcare for all at the point of care/service. This legislation has the potential to transform, on the one hand, the relationship between the public and private healthcare sectors and, on the other, the nature of public funding for healthcare. Part of the challenge with the NHI system is that it seeks to provide healthcare for all, but by seeking to integrate the private sector it runs the risk of commercializing healthcare. The study is philosophical in that it holds that ideas have consequences (and conversely actions have presuppositions with certain meanings). In part, it aims to show that an implementing mechanism of the NHI system as presently envisaged has socio-political and economic implications with fundamental contradictions within it; for it seeks to incorporate the private healthcare sector in offering free public healthcare services. This introduces a tension for private healthcare services operate with a neoliberal outlook and methodology which is at odds with a public approach that is based on a socialist outlook. The analysis may make explicit conceptual and ideological tensions that will have practical consequences for healthcare. Much of the commentary on the NHI system have focused on the practical consequences for healthcare; my intervention is to explore and critically assess the various philosophical assumptions that lie behind these practical concerns. Some of these practical consequences are related to the possibility that healthcare is likely to become commercialized and the public healthcare sector will remain in a crisis. This study argues for the provision of access to high quality healthcare facilities for all members of the South African population. Healthcare must be provided free at the point of care through UHC legislation or by the setting up of the NHI Fund as financing mechanism. The study provides reason for the decommercialization of healthcare services completely – that is for eliminating private healthcare from contracting with the NHI Fund. Essentially, it argues for the claim that healthcare should not be traded in the market system as a commodity and that the NHI system in its current incarnation seeks to do precisely that. I further argue that in theory and in practice the neoliberal and socialist assumptions underlying the NHI system in its present formulation do not fit together. On the contrary, rather than a two-tiered system incorporating the private and public healthcare sectors, the dissertation argues for a different way of conceptualizing the NHI system that privileges the latter.
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Makhloufi, Khaled. "Towards universal health coverage in Tunisia : theoretical analysis and empirical tests." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0025/document.
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La présente thèse explore, à travers quatre papiers, la possibilité d’étendre le régime d’assurance maladie sociale (SHI) vers la couverture santé universelle (CSU) et ce en présence d’obstacles structurels économiques.Les effets moyens de deux traitements, les deux assurances MHI et MAS, sur l’utilisation des soins de santé (consultations externes et hospitalisations) sont estimés. L’actuel régime d’assurance sociale en Tunisie (SHI), malgré l’amélioration de l’utilisation des soins de santé procurée aux groupes couverts, reste incapable d’atteindre une couverture effective de tous les membres de la population vis-à-vis des services de soins dont ils ont besoin. L’atteinte de cet objectif requière une stratégie qui cible les ‘‘arbres’’ et non la ‘‘forêt’’.Le chapitre deux contourne les principaux obstacles à l’extension de la couverture par l’assurance maladie et propose une approche originale permettant de cibler les travailleurs informels et les individus en chômage. Une étude transversale d’évaluation contingente (CV) a été menée en Tunisie se proposant d’estimer les volontés d’adhésion et les consentements à payer (WTP) pour deux régimes obligatoires présentés hypothétiquement à l’adhésion. Les résultats confirment l’hypothèse selon laquelle la proposition d’une affiliation volontaire à un régime d’assurance obligatoire serait acceptée par la majorité des non couverts et que les WTP révélés pour cette affiliation seraient substantiels. Enfin, dans le chapitre trois, on insiste sur l'’importance de prendre en compte les attitudes protestataires en évaluant la progression vers la CSUThis thesis explores, in a four paper format, the possibility of extending social health insurance (SHI) schemes towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in presence of structural economic obstacles.The average treatment effects of two insurance schemes, MHI and MAS, on the utilization of outpatient and inpatient healthcare are estimated. The current Tunisian SHI schemes, despite improving utilization of healthcare services, are nevertheless incapable of achieving effective coverage of the whole population for needed services. Attaining the latter goal requires a strategy that targets the “trees” not the “forest”.Chapter two gets around major challenges to extending health insurance coverage and proposes an original approach by targeting informal workers and unemployed. A cross-sectional Contingent valuation (CV) study was carried out in Tunisia dealing with willingness-to-join and pay for two mandatory health and pension insurance schemes.Results support the hypotheses that the proposition of a voluntary affiliation to mandatory insurance schemes can be accepted by the majority of non-covered and that the WTP stated are substantial.Finally in chapter three we focus on methodological aspects that influence the value of the WTP. Our empirical results show that the voluntary affiliation to the formal health insurance scheme could be a step towards achieving UHC in Tunisia. Overall, we highlight the importance of taking into account protest positions for the evaluation of progress towards UHC
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Nguyen, Mai Phuong. "Contribution of private healthcare to universal health coverage: an investigation of private over public health service utilisation in Vietnam." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/225903/1/Mai%20Phuong_Nguyen_Thesis.pdf.
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Achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is a desirable goal for all countries. Complementary public and private services are essential. This study examined factors that influence consumer choice for private and public health care services in Vietnam. Thirty senior healthcare professionals were interviewed and secondary data on over 35,000 episodes of healthcare gathered during national health surveys in households were analyzed. For Vietnam and similar low and middle-income countries to achieve UHC, it is necessary to overcome incomplete social health insurance coverage, variable quality of private and public health services, unregulated quality in advertising and inefficient competition between sectors.
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Pham, Tan Phu. "Differences in Access to Care and Healthcare Utilization Among Sexual Minorities: A Master's Thesis." eScholarship@UMMS, 2014. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/719.
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BACKGROUND: The barriers in accessing healthcare for gay, lesbian and bisexuals individuals are not well explored. These challenges as well as a lack of knowledge concerning this understudied group has prompted the Institute of Medicine to create a research agenda to build a foundational understanding of gay, lesbian and bisexual health and the barriers they encounter.1 the primary aim of this study will be to compare the differences in health care access and utilization between gay/lesbian, bisexual and heterosexual individuals using a large, nationally representative dataset of the U.S. population.
METHODS: Data from 2001 to 2012 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was pooled. Using logistic regression, we calculated the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of having health insurance, having a routine place and seeing a provider at least one in the past year.
RESULTS: We found that gay men were more likely to have health insurance coverage (ORadj:2.13 95%CI: 1.15,3.92), while bisexual men were at a small disadvantage in having health insurance coverage (ORadj:0.82 95%CI: 0.46,1.46). Bisexual men were more likely to have received health care in the past 12 months (ORadj:3.11 95%CI: 1.74,5.55). Lesbian women were less likely to have health insurance coverage (ORadj-lesbian:0.58 95%CI: 0.34,0.97).
CONCLUSION: This study contributed to the limited knowledge on understanding the health care access and utilization among gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals, which was classified as a high priority by the Institute of Medicine. Expanding health insurance coverage through the Affordable Care Act and Universal Partnership Coverage may reduce the disparities among gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals.
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Pham, Tan Phu. "Differences in Access to Care and Healthcare Utilization Among Sexual Minorities: A Master's Thesis." eScholarship@UMMS, 2006. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/719.
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BACKGROUND: The barriers in accessing healthcare for gay, lesbian and bisexuals individuals are not well explored. These challenges as well as a lack of knowledge concerning this understudied group has prompted the Institute of Medicine to create a research agenda to build a foundational understanding of gay, lesbian and bisexual health and the barriers they encounter.1 the primary aim of this study will be to compare the differences in health care access and utilization between gay/lesbian, bisexual and heterosexual individuals using a large, nationally representative dataset of the U.S. population.
METHODS: Data from 2001 to 2012 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was pooled. Using logistic regression, we calculated the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of having health insurance, having a routine place and seeing a provider at least one in the past year.
RESULTS: We found that gay men were more likely to have health insurance coverage (ORadj:2.13 95%CI: 1.15,3.92), while bisexual men were at a small disadvantage in having health insurance coverage (ORadj:0.82 95%CI: 0.46,1.46). Bisexual men were more likely to have received health care in the past 12 months (ORadj:3.11 95%CI: 1.74,5.55). Lesbian women were less likely to have health insurance coverage (ORadj-lesbian:0.58 95%CI: 0.34,0.97).
CONCLUSION: This study contributed to the limited knowledge on understanding the health care access and utilization among gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals, which was classified as a high priority by the Institute of Medicine. Expanding health insurance coverage through the Affordable Care Act and Universal Partnership Coverage may reduce the disparities among gay, lesbian and bisexual individuals.
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GENOVESE, ELEONORA. "Towards universal health coverage and health system equity. Estimating health outcomes and healthcare access in undocumented migrants. Key issues in maternal & perinatal health and the COVID-19 pandemic." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/392355.
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Le popolazioni migranti presentano uno stato di salute carente con esiti peggiori rispetto alla popolazione generale. Vulnerabilità e diseguaglianza sono esacerbate nei migranti irregolari, i più invisibili ai sistemi sanitari. Questa sfida di salute pubblica necessita di azione per la copertura sanitaria universale e l'equità del sistema sanitario.
Obiettivi: Stimare i bisogni di salute nei migranti irregolari nelle aree di salute materna & perinatale e di COVID-19; Testare metodologie di monitoraggio e valutazione sistematici.
Metodi: Questa ricerca si basa su tre studi retrospettivi (coorte e trasversali ) con fonti complementari per cogliere la complessità degli esiti di salute e dell’accesso alle cure nei migranti irregolari: i flussi sanitari amministrativi nazionali/regionali, i sistemi d’informazione delle strutture sanitarie del terzo settore, e le inchieste presso un campione di strutture sanitarie.
Coorte: I migranti irregolari che hanno avuto accesso a: (i) percorso nascita tramite Servizio Sanitario Nazionale/Regionale nella Regione Lombardia (Italia) dal 2016 al 2020; (ii) cure sanitarie attraverso una struttura del terzo settore a Milano (Italia) dal 24 febbraio al 24 maggio 2020; (iii) cure sanitarie tramite strutture selezionate in Svizzera (Regione di Ginevra), Stati Uniti (Città di Baltimora), Italia (Regione Lombardia), e Francia (Regione di Paris) da febbraio a maggio 2021.
Risultati: (i) Lo studio sulla salute materno-perinatale ha incluso 1595 donne migranti irregolari e i loro neonati. Il 57.37% delle donne ha avuto ≥4 visite ostetriche, 68.21% la prima entro la 12a settimana di gravidanza, 63.45% ≥2 ecografie di cui la prima entro la 12a sett. di gravidanza, e 6.21% esami di laboratorio completi. I parti cesarei totali sono stati il 26.89%, le rianimazioni neonatali in urgenza per asfissia alla nascita il 2.63%, l’allattamento materno entro 2 ore dalla nascita il 49.03%. L’80.56% delle gravidanze ha avuto decorso fisiologico ma 2.26% emorragia grave (>1000ml). Il 4.76% dei feti ha riportato difetto di accrescimento, 9.28% dei neonati è nato pre-termine, 17.24% risultato piccolo per età gestazionale, 7.2% nato sotto-peso (<2.5Kg), 1.44% riportato un punteggio Apgar sfavorevole, e 3.07% malformazioni. (ii) Lo studio sulla malattia da COVID-19 ha incluso 272 migranti irregolari. I fattori di rischio sono risultati frequenti, tra cui ipertensione, immunodepressione, precedente contatto stretto con caso di COVID-19. I sintomi sono risultati peggiori rispetto a pazienti con altre patologie respiratorie. (iii) Lo studio sulla propensione alla vaccinazione contro COVID-19 ha incluso 812 migranti irregolari. Il 14.1% ha dichiarato precedente infezione da SARS-CoV-2, 29.5% fattori di rischio, 26.2% paura di sviluppare malattia grave. L’accessibilità percepita alla vaccinazione anti COVID-19 è risultata elevata (86.4%), ma la propensione a vaccinarsi scarsa (41.1%) in correlazione con età, co-morbidità, e opinioni positive sulla vaccinazione. Queste sono risultate migliori per la vaccinazione in generale (77.3%) rispetto alla vaccinazione anti COVID-19 (56.5%). Le fonti di informazione sono risultate prevalentemente i media tradizionali e sociali.
Conclusioni: Gli esiti di salute e l’accesso alle cure nei migranti sono risultati carenti, indicando vulnerabilità e diseguaglianza rispetto alla popolazione generale. I fattori di rischio quali la fragilità socio-economica insieme alle barriere legali e linguistiche alle cure sanitarie necessitano interventi mirati: la promozione della salute a livello comunitario, la formazione del personale sanitario, la mediazione linguistico-culturale, e corsi di lingua funzionale. Inoltre, è necessario un sistema di monitoraggio continuo per raccogliere, integrare, e analizzare dati essenziali tramite i flussi sanitari amministrativi e le strutture del terzo settore, da complementare tramite inchieste per dati specifici.Migrant populations experience poor health, and their outcomes tend to be poorer in comparison with the general population. Vulnerability and inequality are further exacerbated in undocumented migrants, as the most invisible to healthcare systems. This a public health challenge requiring tailored action towards universal health coverage and health system equity. Objectives: To estimate health needs among undocumented migrants in the areas of maternal & perinatal health and COVID-19; and to test a combination of methodologies for systematic monitoring and evaluation. Methods: This research is based on three retrospective studies (cohort and cross-sectional) using a combination of diverse and complementary data sources to reflect the complex nature of health outcomes and healthcare access in undocumented migrants, including: national/regional health management information systems, third sector healthcare provider health information systems, and surveys at selected healthcare facilities. Cohort: Undocumented migrants having accessed: (i) maternity healthcare through National/Regional Health Services in Lombardy Region (Italy) from 2016 to 2020; (ii) healthcare through a third sector healthcare providers in Milan (Italy) from February 24th to May 24th, 2020; (iii) healthcare through participating healthcare providers in Switzerland (Geneva Canton), USA (Baltimore City), Italy (Lombardy Region), and France (Paris Region) from February to May 2021. Results: (i) The study on maternal and perinatal health included 1595 undocumented migrant women and their neonates. 57.37% women had ≥4 antenatal visits, 68.21% the first one within 12 weeks of gestation, 63.45% at least two ultrasound tests including one within 12 weeks of gestation, and 6.21% complete laboratory tests. Total cesarean sections were 26.89%. Emergency neonatal resuscitation for birth asphyxia was conducted in 2.63% births, and 49.03% neonates initiated breastfeeding within 2 hours from birth. 80.56% pregnancies were physiological though severe hemorrhage (>1000ml) occurred in 2.26% women. Intra-uterine growth retardation affected 4.76% fetuses, 9.28% neonates were pre-term, 17.24% small for gestational age, 7.2% had a low weight at birth (<2.5Kg), 1.44% poor Apgar score, and 3.07% malformations. (ii) The study on COVID-19 illness included 272 undocumented migrants. Risk factors were frequent and included hypertension, immune depression, and prior close contact with COVID-19 cases. Presenting symptoms were worse, compared with patients with other respiratory conditions. (iii) The study on COVID-19 vaccination demand included 812 undocumented migrants. Overall, 14.1% of participants reported prior COVID-19 infection, 29.5% risk factors, and 26.2% fear of developing severe COVID-19 infection. Self-perceived accessibility of COVID-19 vaccination was high (86.4%), yet demand was low (41.1%) correlating with age, co-morbidity, and views on vaccination which were better for vaccination in general (77.3%) than vaccination against COVID-19 (56.5%) Participants mainly searched for information about vaccination in the traditional and social media. Conclusions: Health outcomes and healthcare access were poor in undocumented migrants. Socio-economic and health outcomes showed vulnerability and inequality in comparison to general population. Known risk factors including fragile socio-economic conditions along with legal and linguistic barriers to healthcare need to be addressed through tailored interventions including outreach health promotion focusing, healthcare provider training, cultural mediation, translation, and functional language learning. Furthermore, a systematic monitoring and evaluation system is needed to routinely collect, integrate, and analyze data on key indicators from both National/Regional Health Services in combination with ad hoc surveys for specific data outside routine information systems.
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Davidian, Andreza. "Crafting Universal Health : bureaucratic Agency in the Evolution of Brazil’s Health System." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, École des hautes études en santé publique, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024HESP0003.
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Le système public de santé brésilien couvre plus de 150 millions de personnes sur le plus grand territoire d’Amérique du Sud, ce qui en fait l’un des plus grands systèmes universels au monde. La compréhension de ce processus peut fournir des enseignements précieux sur la manière de mettre en place un système de santé universel et décentralisé, notamment dans un pays autrefois considéré comme l’un des plus inégalitaires de la planète. Cette thèse examine le rôle des gestionnaires publics fédéraux, en particulier au sein du Ministère de la Santé, ainsi que celui des spécialistes de la santé publique, les sanitaristas, qui ont constamment œuvré au sein de l’État pour construire et consolider le Système Unique de Santé (SUS). La recherche adopte une étude de cas retraçant le parcours de l’universalisation de la santé depuis les années 1970, lorsque le processus de réforme a commencé à prendre de l’ampleur, jusqu’à la crise politique de 2016. L’approche théorique s’appuie sur les théories du changement institutionnel et sur un cadre analytique centré sur les acteurs dans l'analyse des politiques publiques, dans le contexte plus large des débats sur le développement de la protection sociale en Amérique latine. Cela remet en question (i) la vision sceptique selon laquelle des changements significatifs dans les régimes de politiques sociales sont improbables sans un large soutien politique populaire ou des mouvements sociaux de grande envergure, et (ii) l’hypothèse selon laquelle les bureaucrates progressistes sont impuissants dans des systèmes paralysés par l’inertie de l’État, le clientélisme enraciné et le patronage généralisé – caractéristiques souvent attribuées au Brésil. Cette recherche soutient au contraire que l’intervention stratégique des sanitaristas, tant avant qu’après la modification constitutionnelle de 1988, a été cruciale pour le développement de la capacité d’agir collective et de la capacité institutionnelle dans le secteur. Ces professionnels, loin d’être de simples bureaucrates, ont conçu des instruments de politique innovants pour améliorer le système, en mobilisant des ressources telles que l’expertise technique, les compétences managériales, le sens politique et des liens étroits avec la communauté de la santé publique. L’étude montre également comment les spécialistes de la santé publique se sont adaptés à des environnements politiques en mutation, en naviguant à travers la transition démocratique et trois cycles gouvernementaux distincts. En plus de contribuer à la conception de politiques qui ont façonné la décentralisation et le financement de la santé, les sanitaristas ont veillé à ce que les soins primaires demeurent l'épine dorsale du système de santé brésilien. Leurs compétences ont été essentielles pour relever les défis et soutenir l’agenda expansionniste de la réforme de la santé au fil des décennies. En soulignant leur influence sous différentes administrations, la recherche met également en lumière le rôle croissant du Ministère de la Santé dans les négociations politiques et les coalitions, notamment grâce à son contrôle sur des politiques qui touchent directement toutes les municipalités du paysThe Brazilian universal health system provides comprehensive healthcare services to over 150 million people across South America's largest territorial area, making it one of the largest in the world. Understanding how this was accomplished offers insight into the process through which a universal and decentralized health system was established in a country once labeled as the most unequal in the world. This dissertation examines the role of the federal bureaucracy within the Ministry of Health and the public health experts (sanitaristas) who have consistently operated within the state to build and consolidate the Unified Health System (SUS). To address this, the study conducts a case analysis tracing the trajectory of healthcare universalization from the 1970s – when the gradual reform process began to gain momentum – through the political crisis of 2016. Building on theories of institutional change and an agency-based framework for public policies, and set against the backdrop of discussions on welfare development in Latin America, this research challenges (i) skeptical views suggesting that significant changes in social policy regimes are unlikely without broad mass political support or large-scale social movements, and (ii) assumptions that progressive bureaucrats are powerless in systems undermined by state inertia, entrenched patronage, and pervasive clientelism, as seen in Brazil. Instead, it argues that the strategic intervention of the public health experts, both before and after the 1988 reform, was crucial in developing collective agency and institutional capacity within the sector. Far from being mere bureaucrats, they crafted innovative policy instruments to improve the system, leveraging resources such as technical expertise, managerial skill, political acumen, and strong ties to the public health community. The study also demonstrates how public health experts adapted to shifting political environments, navigating a democratic transition and three different governmental cycles. These professionals not only contributed to the design of policy instruments that shaped decentralization and health financing but also ensured that primary care remained the backbone of Brazil’s health system. Their capacities were essential for addressing challenges and sustaining the expansionist agenda of health reform over decades. By highlighting their influence across different administrations, the research also underscores the Ministry of Health's increasing importance in coalition negotiations, particularly given its oversight of policies that impact every municipality in the country
O sistema público de saúde brasileiro oferece cobertura a mais de 150 milhões de pessoas no maior território da América do Sul, o que o torna um dos maiores sistemas universais do mundo. A compreensão desse processo pode oferecer valiosos insights sobre como estabelecer um sistema de saúde universal e descentralizado, especialmente em um país outrora considerado um dos mais desiguais do planeta. Esta dissertação examina o papel da burocracia federal, especificamente no âmbito do Ministério da Saúde, e dos especialistas em saúde pública, os sanitaristas, que consistentemente atuaram dentro do Estado para construir e consolidar o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A pesquisa adota um estudo de caso que traça a trajetória da universalização da saúde desde os anos 1970 – quando o processo de reforma começou a ganhar força – até a crise política de 2016. A abordagem teórica está ancorada em teorias de mudança institucional e em um arcabouço analítico centrado na agência para análise das políticas públicas, situando-se no contexto mais amplo dos debates sobre o desenvolvimento do bem-estar social na América Latina. Esta pesquisa desafia (i) visões céticas sugerindo que mudanças significativas nos regimes de políticas sociais são improváveis sem amplo apoio político de massas ou movimentos sociais em grande escala, e (ii) suposições de que burocratas progressistas são impotentes em sistemas comprometidos pela inércia estatal, pelo clientelismo enraizado e pela patronagem generalizada –características frequentemente atribuídas ao caso brasileiro. Ao contrário, a pesquisa sustenta que a intervenção estratégica dos sanitaristas, tanto antes quanto depois da mudança constitucional promovida em 1988, foi crucial para o desenvolvimento da agência coletiva e da capacidade institucional dentro do setor. Estes profissionais, longe de serem meros burocratas, elaboraram instrumentos de política inovadores para aprimorar o sistema, dispondo de recursos como expertise técnica, habilidades gerenciais, astúcia política e fortes laços com a comunidade de saúde pública. O estudo também demonstra como os especialistas em saúde pública se adaptaram a ambientes políticos em transformação, navegando pela transição democrática e por três ciclos governamentais distintos. Além de contribuir para o desenho de políticas que moldaram a descentralização e o financiamento da saúde, os sanitaristas garantiram que a atenção primária permanecesse o alicerce do sistema de saúde brasileiro. Suas capacidades foram essenciais para enfrentar desafios e sustentar a agenda expansionista da reforma da saúde ao longo de décadas. Ao destacar sua influência nas diferentes gestões governamentais, a pesquisa sublinha o crescente papel do Ministério da Saúde nas negociações políticas e de coalizão, especialmente por meio do controle sobre políticas que afetam diretamente todos os municípios do país
Books on the topic "Universal Healthcare Coverage"
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Kotlikoff, Laurence J. The healthcare fix: Universal insurance for all Americans. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2007.
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Relman, Arnold S. A second opinion: Rescuing America's healthcare : a plan for universal coverage serving patients over profit. New York: PublicAffairs, 2010.
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Emanuel, Ezekiel J. Healthcare, guaranteed: A simple, secure solution for America. New York: PublicAffairs, 2008.
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author, Cashin Cheryl, Harris, Joseph, 1976 August 23- author, Ikegami Naoki 1949 author, Reich Michael 1950 author, and World Bank, eds. Universal health coverage for inclusive and sustainable development: A synthesis of 11 country case studies. Washington, D.C: The World Bank, 2014.
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Healthcare Coverage: Legislation, Outcomes and Universal Coverage. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2024.
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Hamner, James. Universal Healthcare Coverage in the United States. Univ of Tennessee Center for the, 1991.
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Marching Toward Coverage: How Women Can Lead the Fight for Universal Healthcare. Beacon Press, 2020.
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Butticè, Claudio. Universal Health Care. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216030775.
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This accessibly written book explains universal healthcare; the many forms it can take; and the issues, debates, and historical context underpinning the continued struggle for its implementation in the United States. Universal healthcare may be defined as any healthcare system that ensures at least basic coverage to most, if not all, citizens of a country. Although it may be implemented in many ways, universal healthcare has been widely accepted by international humanitarian organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) as the best way to ensure the universal human right to health. So why is the United States the only industrialized country without universal healthcare? What are the political, social, and economic factors that have prevented its successful introduction? Universal Healthcare explores what universal healthcare is, the many forms it can take—using examples from countries around the world—and the tumultuous history of attempts to implement a system of universal healthcare in the United States. Part II delves into the contentious issues and debates surrounding adoption of universal healthcare in the United States. Lastly, Part III provides a variety of useful materials, including case studies, a timeline of critical events, a glossary, and a directory of resources.
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Olsen, Jan Abel. What makes the market for healthcare different? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0003.
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The market for healthcare is different from ‘ordinary markets’ for two quite different reasons: first, there are inherent failures in the market for healthcare which create inefficiencies if left unregulated. Second, a large number of countries have a policy objective of equity in access to needed health services, in line with the World Health Organization’s ambition of universal health coverage. This chapter investigates the efficiency reasons for public regulations, explaining what makes healthcare different. The assumptions behind the perfect market model are compared with the real-world imperfect market for healthcare. Asymmetric information between the provider and the consumer calls for protection of healthcare users, through quality control and ethical codes of conduct. The chapter explains the agency relationship between doctors and patients. Another important market failure is that of externalities in healthcare consumption, which calls for various types of regulations.
Book chapters on the topic "Universal Healthcare Coverage"
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Legge, David G. "Universal health coverage." In The Routledge Handbook of the Political Economy of Health and Healthcare, 293–306. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003017110-27.
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Tashiro, Ai, and Ryo Kohsaka. "Universal Health Coverage: Healthcare System for Universal Health Coverage Under Partnerships." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71067-9_18-1.
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Tashiro, Ai, and Ryo Kohsaka. "Universal Health Coverage: Healthcare System for Universal Health Coverage Under Partnerships." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1319–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95963-4_18.
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Ng, Tommy K. C., and Ben Y. F. Fong. "Sustainable Healthcare Financing for Universal Health Coverage." In Systems Thinking and Sustainable Healthcare Delivery, 34–46. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003305637-3.
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Qadeer, Imrana. "Universal Health Coverage: The Trojan Horse of Neoliberal Policies." In Universalising Healthcare in India, 3–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5872-3_1.
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Mataria, Awad, Sameh El-Saharty, Mariam M. Hamza, and Hoda K. Hassan. "Transforming Health Financing Systems in the Arab World Toward Universal Health Coverage." In Handbook of Healthcare in the Arab World, 1723–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36811-1_155.
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Mataria, Awad, Sameh El-Saharty, Mariam M. Hamza, and Hoda K. Hassan. "Transforming Health Financing Systems in the Arab World Toward Universal Health Coverage." In Handbook of Healthcare in the Arab World, 1–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74365-3_155-1.
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Sugita, Yoneyuki. "Japan’s Epoch-Making Healthcare Reforms of 1942: Toward Universal Health Coverage." In Japan's Shifting Status in the World and the Development of Japan's Medical Insurance Systems, 127–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1660-9_5.
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Sirén, Sebastian. "The Politics of Universal Health Coverage: Mechanisms in the Process of Healthcare Reform in Bolivia." In Global Dynamics of Social Policy, 369–401. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91088-4_12.
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AbstractThis chapter explores the mechanisms shaping the progress towards universal health coverage in Bolivia. By investigating this process, unfolding in the context of a health care system characterised by fragmentation, segmentation and low coverage; increasingly challenged as democratisation and popular mobilisation brings the demands of previously excluded groups onto the political agenda; the study casts light on mechanisms that are also of broader relevance for the comparative literature on the politics of social protection in the Global South. The analyses highlight expert theorisation, class-based mobilisation, social movement–state interaction, alarmed middle classes, provider resistance and professional autonomy as the main mechanisms responsible for driving, impeding and shaping the progress towards universal social protection.
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Mohty, Razan, and Arafat Tfayli. "General Oncology Care in Lebanon." In Cancer in the Arab World, 115–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7945-2_8.
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AbstractLebanon is a relatively small country located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It includes one of the most developed healthcare systems and world-renowned healthcare workers in the region. Cancer cases are steadily increasing in Lebanon reaching 11,589 new cases in 2020. Preventions and screenings programs are conducted to decrease cancer incidence and aim for early cancer detection. Cancer treatment is provided in public and private hospitals and financial coverage is assured through the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) and third-party payers. All Lebanese cancer patients have access to treatment through universal cancer drug coverage by the MOPH. Recently, economic, financial, and political constraints have increased the burden on the healthcare system. Further improvements are needed to keep the healthcare system resilient enough to face these difficulties.
Conference papers on the topic "Universal Healthcare Coverage"
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Santoso, Irvan, Ida Sri Rejeki Siahaan, and Suharjito. "Privacy modelling of sensitive data in universal healthcare coverage in Indonesia." In 2016 11th International Conference on Knowledge, Information and Creativity Support Systems (KICSS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/kicss.2016.7951437.
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Prinja, Shankar, Pankaj Bahuguna, Deepak Balasubramaniam, Atul Sharma, and Rajesh Kumar. "ANALYSING INEQUALITY IN USE OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES: IMPLICATIONS FOR TARGETING WITHIN UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE REFORMS." In EPHP 2016, Bangalore, 8–9 July 2016, Third national conference on bringing Evidence into Public Health Policy Equitable India: All for Health and Wellbeing. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-ephpabstracts.32.
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Podder, Kanchon Kanti, Shaira Tabassum, Ludmila Emdad Khan, Khan Md Anwarus Salam, Rafiqul Islam Maruf, and Ashir Ahmed. "Design of a Sign Language Transformer to Enable the Participation of Persons with Disabilities in Remote Healthcare Systems for Ensuring Universal Healthcare Coverage." In 2021 IEEE Technology & Engineering Management Conference - Europe (TEMSCON-EUR). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temscon-eur52034.2021.9488605.
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Michell, Karen E., and Laetitia Rispel. "44 The quality and governance of occupational healthcare services in south africa: what lessons for universal health coverage?" In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.38.
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Marcoux, Sophie, Marie-France Raynault, Caroline Laverdière, and Daniel Sinnett. "Abstract D061: Long-term socioeconomic status of childhood leukemia survivors and their family in a universal healthcare coverage system: A PETALE study." In Abstracts: Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 20-23, 2019; San Francisco, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp19-d061.
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Ibrahim, Meram, Banan Mukhalalati, Majdoleen Al alawneh, and Ahmed Awaisu. "Qatar National Vision 2030." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0226.
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Introduction: The United Nations launched the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. One of these goals describes achieving a Universal Health Coverage by 2030. This signifies workforce planning in healthcare professions (United Nations, 2015). The International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) published reports about pharmacy workforce planning in several countries. However, data about Qatar was not included in these reports. In 2017, FIP developed a transformational roadmap of pharmaceutical workforce and education. One component of the roadmap is the Pharmaceutical Workforce Development Goals (PWDGs) (International Pharmaceutical Federation, 2016). This research aims to conduct a self-assessment of the pharmaceutical workforce and education in Qatar in relation to the FIP’s PWDGs. This will be followed by prioritization of the identified gaps and recommendation of measures to address them. Methods: Three rounds of conventional Delphi technique (Hasson et al., 2000) are conducted with expert panels in the College of Pharmacy at Qatar University and the Ministry of Public Health, utilizing the FIP’s self-assessment survey. Content analysis is used to analyse and prioritize the identified gaps. Results: The lack of competency framework (PWDG5), workforce data (PWDG12), and workforce policy formation (PWDG13) are the three major gaps in the provision of pharmaceutical workforce and pharmacy education in Qatar, influencing other PWDGs. These gaps need to be addressed by the formation of Qatari Pharmaceutical Association through which academic, practice, and policymaking sectors can work together in developing a health workforce intelligence system. Conclusion: The results indicated that PWDGs are interrelated and a gap in one goal can negatively influence others (Bruno et al., 2018). Results and recommendations of this research will facilitate the implementation of strategic plans across leading pharmacy sectors to meet health needs in Qatar and achieve the third pillar of the Qatar National Vision 2030 “A Healthy Population: Physically and Mentally” (General Secretariat for Development, 2008).
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Vujnović, Larisa, and Nevena Milošević. "Serbian Journal of Public Health as an interdisciplinary resource in meeting public health challenges: A thematic analysis." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges, 248. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24200v.
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Background: Major public health challenges of the 21st century: aging population, non-communicable diseases with the associated risk factors, mental health conditions, emerging and established communicable diseases, antimicrobial resistance, environmental crises, increasingly frequent public health emergencies, infodemics, vaccine mistrust and rapid development of technology call for accessible, vetted information and knowledge exchange among scientists, policy-makers and practitioners. Peer-reviewed journals offer reliable information and may be a key resource. Serbian Journal of Public Health was renewed in 2021 with this purpose as an open-access, peer-reviewed, bilingual scientific journal with public health scope. Methods and Objectives: To assess the role of Serbian Journal of Public Health (SerbJPH) in the described setting a qualitative study was conducted on 85 articles across 11 issues of Serb JPH published between December 2021 and June 2024, using a six-step thematic analysis of the titles, abstracts and keywords. Results: The study identified 12 main topics, highlighting the journal's multidisciplinarity. The most common identified public-health themes were: non-communicable disease control and detection, prevention and management of communicable diseases appearing in 32.9% and 25.8% of the articles, respectively. The most frequent sub-topic was COVID-19, found in 14.1% of the articles, with a peak in 2022. Other themes of note were: laboratory diagnostics (major sub-theme: genotyping), public health emergencies preparedness and management, vaccinology, universal health coverage (major sub-themes: quality of care and public health workforce), mental health, child and adolescent health, health information system and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Majority of articles referred to multiple topics, showing interdisciplinary approach not only within the journal as a whole but also within each study. Conclusions: Themes identified in SerbJPH correspond to current major public health challenges and hence are highly relevant. Offering peer-reviewed information that is highly accessible, both in the local language - Serbian and the lingua franca of science - English, as an open source model available digitally and in print, SerbJPH makes a platform for sharing experience and evidence-based knowledge among healthcare providers, policy makers, scientists and community organisations contributing to the overarching goal of improving health outcomes. Its interdisciplinary approach highlights the complexity of public health challenges requiring collaborative solutions.
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Bjegović-Mikanović, Vesna. "Transforming health systems: Challenges in times of change." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges, 26. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24004b.
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Background: Health system transformation refers to comprehensive changes aimed at improving the efficiency, quality, equity, and sustainability of healthcare delivery. This transformation can be driven by various factors and often encompasses technological advancements, policy and regulatory changes, economic aspects, innovation in service delivery, and global health challenges. Objectives and Methods: This narrative review aims to comprehend different health system transformation models, drivers of change, and associated outcomes. Its scope focuses on European countries and their diverse population profiles, health status, and environmental, economic, and political contexts. The review covers the building blocks of health systems (governance, service delivery, workforce, information systems, medical products, vaccines, technologies, and financing). It particularly looks at initiatives integrating bottom-up and top-down approaches to system changes. Results: Inspired by the recent policy brief of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies titled "Transforming Health Service Delivery: What Can Policy-Makers Do to Drive Change?", this review provides a summary of the evidence, identifying common themes, trends, gaps, and divergences in the literature. The intended changes in the health system models of various European countries often aim to address current challenges, improve efficiency, enhance patient outcomes, and ensure sustainability. The theoretical and practical approaches to health system transformations often fail to emphasize practical steps for achieving higher quality and efficiency of health service delivery, which would be more responsive to demands. Nevertheless, the main themes in the transformation of health systems underline the consumer-centric approach with acknowledgement of human rights and vulnerable groups, universal health coverage, and application of innovative and affordable technologies with "more resources in the right places". Actual literature underlines coordination across primary, secondary, and tertiary care to provide comprehensive services that address the full spectrum of patient needs while also respecting a community-based approach by leveraging health workers and local resources to deliver care, particularly in underserved areas. Conclusions: In an era of rapid technological advancements and shifting demographics, transforming health systems has become critical. Integrating digital health solutions, promoting preventive care, and addressing social determinants of health are essential for long-term success in times of change.
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Kilibarda, Biljana. "Global challenges and opportunities in health promotion." In Proceedings of the International Congress Public Health - Achievements and Challenges, 58–60. Institute of Public Health of Serbia "Dr Milan Jovanović Batut", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/batutphco24022k.
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Introduction Health promotion interventions at the community and population levels are among others, crucial for tackling non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and infectious diseases, enhancing mental health, and addressing the social determinants of health and health equity. As a key aspect of public health, it is not only aimed at developing individual skills and capabilities, but also to improvement of the political, social, environmental, and economic factors of importance for public and individual health. (1) To achieve long-term change, it is of great importance that health promotion is evidence-based, integrated, sustained, and adequately address the wide-ranging challenges. The Shanghai Declaration on Promoting Health in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development emphasizes the need to address health determinants, ensure good governance, improve health literacy, create healthy cities and environments, and foster social mobilization and equity. (2) Addressing the structural determinants of health demands changes in social policies and systems to reduce poverty, improve living and working conditions, ensure equitable access to resources and services, and address societal norms and values to combat discrimination while promoting social justice. Past and Current state of Health Promotion The roles of public health, health education, and health promotion have evolved significantly over time. In the 19th century, improvements in nutrition, and hygiene contributed to better health. The introduction of vaccines in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and antibiotics in the 1930s enabled effective control of infectious diseases. Increasing awareness of the effects of risk factors on health underscored the importance of disease prevention in reducing noncommunicable diseases. The 1974 Lalonde Report (3) and the 1986 Ottawa Charter (4) marked the start of a significant era in health promotion, leading to a focus on population health. The health promotion paradigm also changed over time. The preventive paradigm is risk-focused, aiming at preventing health issues within populations and communities. It facilitates early diagnosis and access to reliable health information. On the other hand, the health-promotion paradigm emphasizes societal factors, health determinants, and the empowerment of individuals and communities, advocating for access to rights and equity. As stated in Minsk declaration, a life-course approach, focusing on health across different stages of life stress the importance of a healthy start and individuals' needs throughout their daily lives and during pivotal moments. By targeting the root causes of ill health rather than just the symptoms, it encourages early investments that can deliver significant advantages for both public health and economic outcomes. (5) The changes and challenges that the world is increasingly facing highlight the need for evidence-based health promotion utilizing the best available research, practice, and evaluation data to design, implement, and assess health promotion interventions, ensuring they are effective, efficient, and tailored to population needs. Challenges and Opportunities While advancements in science and living standards have improved longevity and reduced infectious disease rates, challenges such as pandemics, obesity, malnutrition, antimicrobial resistance, and NCDs remain significant. Such challenges remain, among other, due to of unhealthy lifestyles, growing pollution, and a focus on reactive rather than preventive medicine. Health-related behaviors, such as inadequate vaccination and low cancer screening rates, are often rooted in human behavior and impose a heavy burden on health systems and individual well-being. To effectively address them, the cultural contexts in which they occur, and the engagement of those affected are needed as well as application of models, and methods from behavioral and cultural sciences. Challenges also include the effects of global disruptions like climate change, armed conflicts, irresponsible business practices, corruption, and unsustainable production on health. These events highlight the critical importance of strong health systems and further strengthening of health promotion focus on promoting overall well-being, not just treating diseases. One of the opportunities for health promotions is people's increased awareness of their rights and responsibilities. Citizen participation in social mobilization can be a powerful tool to shape sustainable development policies and shall play an important role in health promotion. Social movements are gaining momentum worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines social participation as the empowerment of individuals, communities, and civil society by ensuring inclusive involvement in decision-making across all stages of policy development and at every level of the health system. Building upon previous intergovernmental agreements at the Seventy-seventh World Health Assembly, Member States endorsed a resolution aimed at establishment, enhancing, and sustaining meaningful social participation in health-related decision-making processes. Another, still persisting challenge is achieving effective intersectoral action for health, as it demands political will, coordinated efforts, and structures to support cross-sectoral policy development and implementation. A 'Health in All Policies' (HiAP) approach promotes intersectoral collaboration across government and society, advocating for new working models, including effective intersectoral structures, participatory processes, and partnerships. However, HiAP has been fully implemented in only a few countries, and many countries lack the necessary intersectoral policy systems and structures. Sustainable financing is essential for health promotion, as consistent funding is needed to maintain efforts over time. According to a study by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), less than 3% of total healthcare expenditure is usually allocated to prevention and health promotion, with spending often decreasing significantly during economic recessions. (6) Future Directions in Health Promotion Global health concerns will change in the future, and health promotion will need to continuously adapt to the social and political changes such as globalization, emergencies, wars, economic crises, and periods of growth. Being strategically prepared for the future boosts the ability to navigate upcoming trends and uncertainties. To assess the megatrends, driving forces, and unpredictable factors that might profoundly impact people's well-being in future, in 2020, WHO team conducted strategic foresight that provides an analysis of health-promotion system capacity models and a horizon-scanning of global trends. The key findings on the future of health promotion suggest expanding the capacity of health-promotion and call for the paradigm shifts needed to progress the agenda on planetary health, One Health and well-being. Some practices are expected to endure, as they are vital for the sustainability of future systems, but current paradigms will evolve and shift significantly. Essentially, the future health model will blend elements of medical care, preventive measures, and health promotion, along with the planetary health paradigm. (7) To effectively implement comprehensive health promotion interventions, robust infrastructures are necessary to support delivery within the health system and across various sectors. This involves developing organizational capacity and structures with a clear mandate to support intersectoral health promotion at both national and local levels. In addition, mechanisms for cross-sectoral collaboration are essential and leadership and governance must broaden their thinking and adapt quickly to handle emergencies and uncertainties. Focus should be also on adopting a visionary approach, understanding people's willingness to act, and evaluating how much bureaucracy should be challenged. (8) Conclusion Despite achievements and developments, often there's a general lack of understanding about where health promotion fits within public health and the broader health system. The complexity of contemporary health threats, which disproportionately impact the most disadvantaged, underscores the need for immediate and transformative action to achieve measurable progress. Although understanding the past is crucial, relying on it alone is insufficient for effective decision-making in a in a rapidly changing world. Being strategically prepared for the future enhance the capability to manage emerging trends and uncertainties. It is crucial for governments to create responsive health policies and programs, ensuring broad stakeholder involvement and progress toward Universal Health Coverage (UHC) without leaving anyone behind.
Reports on the topic "Universal Healthcare Coverage"
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Mangrio, Elisabeth, Kyra Nieuwenhuijsen, Rahel Wahel Sebhatu, Michael Strange, and Slobodan Zdravkovic. Report #2 PHED commission on the future of healthcare post covid-19 : universal health coverage for a real future. Based on sessions conducted from March until June 2021. Malmö university, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178773305.
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This report summarises the Spring 2021 sessions of the PHED Commission on the Future of Healthcare Post Covid-19, which invited testimony from healthcare practitioners, civil servants, thinktanks, researchers, civil society, and other interested parties based on their experiences learnt during the pandemic. The evidence presented came from multiple geographies and levels, making it relevant both to Sweden and globally. It identifes several key recommendations for protecting and improving public health. These recommendations supplement and greatly expand upon those identifed in the report (‘Societal inequity makes us vulnerable to pandemics’) based on testimony from Fall/Autumn 2020, which can be accessed via: https://phed.uni.mau.se/. The wealth of experience summarized here goes well beyond the pandemic period, providing ideas and practical guidance for protecting and strengthening human health to be more resilient in the face of future crises.
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Pinto, Diana M., William D. Savedoff, and Sebastian Bauhoff. Social Determinants of Health: A Health-Centered Approach to Multi-Sectoral Action. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013155.
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The social determinants of health (SDH) are critical contextual factors, predominantly social, that directly and indirectly influence health outcomes by shaping individual behaviors and environmental health risks. SDH account for a significant portion of the burden of disease. Addressing these determinants through proven cost-effective interventions, such as reducing tobacco consumption, improving nutrition, and mitigating household air pollution, can prevent unnecessary illness and mortality. Moreover, tackling SDH enhances health equity, reduces the strain on healthcare systems, and accelerates progress toward Universal Health Coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. The paper highlights the importance of integrated, multisectoral strategies in addressing SDH, illustrating their effectiveness with examples from various domains, and underscores the need for further research to develop policies that simultaneously target multiple social and environmental factors