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Journal articles on the topic 'UNIVERSAL FILTERs'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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1

Zemskov, Y., E. Koptseva, A. Pankratova, S. Borodulina, and S. Kalinov. "Universal prediction algorithm in maneuvering target tracking." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2176, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2176/1/012074.

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Abstract The paper considers the methods to increase the accuracy of trajectory processing of the results of radar measurements in automated air traffic management systems (AATMS). The recursive filters traditionally used in the secondary processing path of radar information of modern AATMS systems are briefly considered: alpha-beta filter, linear and extended Kalman filters, multi-model filter. Along with multi-model Kalman filters it is proposed to use a universal filter based on the universal prediction theorem, the accuracy of which is asymptotically no worse than any other filter in the class of continuous functions. The algorithm for the operation of a universal alpha-beta filter was developed. As a result of modeling, it was obtained that the mean square of the tracking error of the trajectory of a maneuvering target for the universal filter during the change of the motion model turned out to be lower than for traditional filters.

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2

Kisel, A. V. "Nyquist 1 universal filters." IEEE Transactions on Communications 48, no. 7 (July 2000): 1095–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.855516.

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3

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher. "Programmable Current-Mode Universal Active Filters Employing Current Conveyors." Active and Passive Electronic Components 21, no. 3 (1998): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/80984.

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Novel current-mode active filter circuits using current-conveyors are presented. The proposed circuits can realize all standard second-order filter functions. The circuits enjoy high output impedances and can, therefore, be easily cascaded to produce higher order filters. Moreover, the realized filter function can be easily programmed using at most a 13-bit digital number without changing the circuit topology.

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4

Afzal, Neelofer, and Devesh Singh. "Reconfigurable Mixed Mode Universal Filter." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/769198.

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This paper presents a novel mixed mode universal filter configuration capable of working in voltage and transimpedance mode. The proposed single filter configuration can be reconfigured digitally to realize all the five second order filter functions (types) at single output port. Other salient features of proposed configuration include independently programmable filter parameters, full cascadability, and low sensitivity figure. However, all these features are provided at the cost of quite large number of active elements. It needs three digitally programmable current feedback amplifiers and three digitally programmable current conveyors. Use of six active elements is justified by introducing three additional reduced hardware mixed mode universal filter configurations and its comparison with reported filters.

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5

Pandey, Neeta, and Sajal K. Paul. "VM and CM Universal Filters Based on Single DVCCTA." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/929507.

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A universal voltage-mode filter (VM) and a current-mode filter (CM) based on recently proposed active building block, namely, differential voltage current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DVCCTA) are proposed. Both the circuits use a single DVCCTA, two capacitors, and a single resistor. The filters enjoy low-sensitivity performance and low component spread and exhibit electronic tunability of filter parameters via bias currents of DVCCTA. SPICE simulation using 0.25 μm TSMC CMOS technology parameters is included to show the workability of the proposed circuits.

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6

KASIMIS, CHRISOSTOMOS, and COSTAS PSYCHALINOS. "SINH-DOMAIN UNIVERSAL BIQUAD FILTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 09 (August 25, 2014): 1450134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614501345.

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A family of current-mode universal biquad filters, realized using the concept of Sinh-Domain signal processing, is introduced in this paper. Both of them have the capability for operating in a low-voltage environment and, also, for orthogonal electronic adjustment between the resonance frequency and Q factor. Employing MOS transistors models from the AMS 0.35 μm process, the performance of the proposed topologies has been evaluated by exploiting the analog design environment of Cadence software.

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7

Horng, Jiun-Wei, and Zih-Yang Jhao. "Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter Using Single DVCC." ISRN Electronics 2013 (March 10, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/125746.

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A voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using a differential voltage current conveyor (DVCC), two capacitors, and two resistors is presented. The proposed circuit has four input terminals and three output terminals and can realize all the standard filter functions, which are lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch, and allpass filters, without changing the circuit topology. Three simultaneous output filter responses can be obtained from some derived filter types. The proposed circuit employs only one DVCC that simplifies the configuration.

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8

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, and Amir Alam Farooqui. "Universal Current-Conveyor-Based Current-Mode Filters with Single Input and Three Outputs." Active and Passive Electronic Components 20, no. 4 (1998): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1998/20543.

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Universal active current-mode filters with single input and three outputs are presented. The proposed filters avoid the use of external feedback in any part of the circuit and use grounded resistors and grounded capacitors. The proposed circuits can simultaneously realize lowpass, highpass, and bandpass filter functions.

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9

Sharroush, Sherif, and Yasser Abdalla. "A Real-Time Electronically Tunable All-MOS Universal Biquadratic Voltage-Mode Filter." Jordan Journal of Electrical Engineering 9, no. 2 (2023): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jjee.204-1671142029.

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— In this paper, an electronically tunable universal biquadratic voltage-mode filter that is based only on MOS transistors is proposed. Configuration of the proposed filter is simple and there is no need to use component matching. Since the proposed filter contains only MOS transistors, it is very suitable for implementation in system-on-chip (SoC) applications. The cutoff frequency of the lowpass (LP) and highpass (HP) filters as well as the center frequency and the bandwidth of the bandpass (BP) and bandstop (BS) filters can be controlled either in a continuous range or in a discrete manner by means of a digital control word. Besides, the filter type can be changed during the real time by an appropriate code. Operation of all the filtering functions are verified by simulation using the Berkeley predictive-technology models (BPTM) of the 130 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology with power-supply voltage, VDD, of 1.2 V. The proposed filter is analyzed quantitatively, and the effects of the total-harmonic distortion (THD), noise, process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations are also investigated. The average power consumption of the LP, HP, BP, BS, and allpass (AP) filters are found to be 30, 118, 74, 118, and 30 (all in µW). The price paid for all these advantages is more sensitivity to process variations for the lowpass filter.

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10

LEE, CHEN-NONG. "HIGH-ORDER MULTIPLE-MODE AND TRANSADMITTANCE-MODE OTA-C UNIVERSAL FILTERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 21, no. 05 (August 2012): 1250048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661250048x.

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This paper presents two new high-order OTA-C universal filters. The first proposed filter structure employs n + 3 operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) and n grounded capacitors, which can realize nth-order multiple-mode (including voltage, current, transadmittance, and transimpedance modes) universal filtering responses (lowpass, highpass, bandpass, bandreject, and allpass) from the same topology. Since the OTA has high input and output impedances, it is very suitable for transadmittance-mode circuit applications. Therefore, a new high-order transadmittance-mode OTA-C universal filter structure using the minimum components is introduced. The second proposed filter structure uses only n + 1 OTAs and n grounded capacitors, which are the minimum components necessary for realizing nth-order transadmittance-mode universal filtering responses (lowpass, highpass, bandpass, bandreject, and allpass) from the same topology. This represents the attractive feature from chip area and power consumption point of view. Moreover, the two new OTA-C universal filters still enjoy many important advantages: no need of extra inverting or double-type amplifiers for special input signals, using only n grounded capacitors, no need of any resistors, cascadably connecting the former voltage-mode stage and the latter current-mode stage, and low sensitivity performance. H-Spice simulations with TSMC 0.35 μm process and ±1.65 V supply voltages are included and confirm the theoretical predictions.

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11

Pwint Wai, May Phu, Amornchai Chaichana, Winai Jaikla, Surapong Siripongdee, and Peerawut Suwanjan. "One input voltage and three output voltage universal biquad filters with orthogonal tune of frequency and bandwidth." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 2962. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp2962-2973.

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This research paper contributes the one input three output voltage mode universal biquad filters with linear and electronic control of the natural frequency (<em>w<sub>0</sub></em>), using two commercially available ICs, LT1228s as active device with two grounded capacitors, five resistors. The presented universal biquad filters can simultaneously provide three voltage-mode filtering functions, low-pass (LP), high-pass (HP) and band-pass (BP) without changing the circuit architecture. Furthermore, the first presented biquad filter provides low impedance at HP, BP voltage output nodes and LP, BP output voltage nodes are low impedance for the second proposed filter which is easy cascade ability with other voltage mode circuits without the employment of buffer circuits. The quality factor (<em>Q</em>) of both proposed filters is orthogonally adjusted from the passband voltage gain and <em>w<sub>0</sub></em>. The proposed filters are simulated and experimented with commercially accessible ICs, LT1228. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate the filtering performances.

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12

Parvizi, Mostafa, Abouzar Taghizadeh, Hamid Mahmoodian, and Ziaadin Daei Kozehkanani. "A Low-Power Mixed-Mode SIMO Universal Gm–C Filter." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 10 (March 24, 2017): 1750164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661750164x.

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This paper describes a new single-input multiple-output (SIMO) mixed-mode universal biquad [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] filter. It can realize all kinds of filter responses including high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, band-stop and all-pass filters, simultaneously. Moreover, in this structure, all of these filters in all states of voltage mode, current mode, transresistance mode and transconductance mode are achieved by the same topology without any convertor. The proposed filter employs three operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) with four inputs and one output, three fully differential OTAs and two grounded capacitors. In other words, this filter is composed of six [Formula: see text] blocks and two grounded capacitors. The grounded capacitors are suitable for integrated circuit implementation. In order to reduce the power consumption, the OTAs are biased in subthreshold region. In addition, sensitivity analysis is included to show the low active and passive sensitivity performances of the filter. This filter is designed and simulated in HSPICE with 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m model CMOS technology parameters. The simulation results show that the filter consumes only 75[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W and operates at 1.5[Formula: see text]MHz with [Formula: see text]0.5[Formula: see text]V supply voltages and capacitors [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]pF.

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13

CHANG, CHUN-MING, and SHU-HUI TU. "Universal current-mode filters employing CFCCIIps." International Journal of Electronics 85, no. 6 (December 1998): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002072198133798.

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14

SUN, YICHUANG, BARRY JEFFRIES, and JIANFU TENG. "Universal third-order OTA-C filters." International Journal of Electronics 85, no. 5 (November 1998): 597–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002072198133888.

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15

Chen, Hua-Pin. "Voltage-mode FDCCII-based universal filters." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 62, no. 4 (April 2008): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2007.05.002.

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16

Nakai, Kazuhiro, and Gaishi Yamamoto. "Universal biquadratic filters using current conveyors." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part III: Fundamental Electronic Science) 80, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6440(199701)80:1<1::aid-ecjc1>3.0.co;2-v.

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17

Nonthaputha, Thanat, and Montree Kumngern. "Programmable Universal Filters Using Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifiers." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 26, no. 07 (March 17, 2017): 1750121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126617501213.

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This paper presents new programmable universal biquadratic filters using current conveyor transconductance amplifiers (CCTAs) by which both voltage- and current-mode filters can be obtained. The proposed filters use second-generation current conveyor (CCII) which is the first stage of CCTA to operate as current conveyor analog switch (CCAS) and this CCAS will be used to program the filtering functions such as low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop and all-pass filters. Unlike previous universal filters, the filtering functions of the proposed filters can be programmed using the bias currents of CCTAs without changing any input and output connections. The natural frequency and quality factor of all filtering functions can be controlled electronically and orthogonally using the bias currents of transconductance amplifiers. Also gain response of all transfer functions can be adjusted. The active and passive sensitivities of the filters are low. The proposed programmable filters have been simulated using 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS process from TSMC. PSPICE simulation results are included to confirm workability of the proposed circuits.

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18

Fedorov, M. P., V. N. Chechevichkin, M. A. Tryaskin, A. V. Chechevichkin, and L. A. Yakunin. "Universal Bench for Full-scale Testing of FOPS® Filters. Heavy metals." Ecology and Industry of Russia 27, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2023-1-4-11.

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The problems associated with the testing of equipment for treating surface runoff contaminated with heavy metals are assessed. The specifics of the heavy metals present in it and the features of processing were considered. The article presents the design of the developed full-scale bench for testing filter cartridges (in particular, FOPS® filters), as well as the technique for modeling waste and natural waters contaminated with heavy metals on it. The study results reflecting the operational features of FOPS® filters were presented.

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19

Kumar, Umesh, and P. Bhushan Mital. "Design, Fabrication, and Comparative Study of Electronically Tunable Active Filters." Active and Passive Electronic Components 18, no. 2 (1995): 73–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/78209.

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The Kerwin-Huelsman Newcomb (KHN) biquad is the natural choice for use as a ‘universal’ filter building block out of the several existing 3-amplifier biquadratic filter sections based on the two integrator loop or state variable realization of 2nd order systems. A modified version of the KHN biquad, which is electronically tunable almost linearly over a decade range of center frequency, is presented. For electronic tunability, instead of the direct use of a FET as a voltage variable resistance to control the time constants of the integrators, a novel approach of using voltage-controlled variable-gain amplifiers at the inputs of both the integrators and one immediately after the input signal has been suggested. The circuit is suitable for use as a tunable universal filtering module and can be easily digitally programmed.Comparative treatment of general tuning methods of active filters, and some methods of electronic tuning of active filters are discussed. A brief description of tuning algorithms of active filters is also given.

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20

COMEDANG, TADA, and PATTNA INTANI. "A ± 0.2 V, 0.12 μW CCTA USING VTMOS AND AN APPLICATION FRACTIONAL-ORDER UNIVERSAL FILTER." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 09 (August 25, 2014): 1450126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614501266.

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In this paper, a variable threshold voltage metal oxide semiconductor (VTMOS) field effect transistor is used to improve an ultra-low voltage, ultra-low power current conveyor transconductance amplifier (CCTA). To achieve the desired result, an analytical subthreshold VTMOS model is used. Designs that utilize the TSMC 0.18 μm technology are verified using PSPICE simulation. The power consumption is simply 0.12 μW at a ± 0.2 V supply voltage. The proposed CCTA is synthesized using fractional-order (FO) universal filters that can simultaneously realise low pass (LP), high pass (HP) and bandpass (BP) responses with independent control of quality factor and pole frequency by transconductances (gm). Moreover, the circuit has low input and high output impedance which would be an ideal choice for cascading in current-mode circuit. The FO filters are constructed using two FO capacitors of orders α and β (0 < α, β ≤ 1). The FO filters provide improved performance in terms of pole frequency compared with conventional-order filters. The filter has a low power consumption of 0.71 μW at a ± 0.2 V supply voltage. The validity of the proposed filter is verified through PSPICE simulations.

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21

Chaturvedi, Bhartendu, Jitendra Mohan, and Jitender. "A Categorical Review on First Order Universal Filters." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 15, no. 1 (February 2022): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874476105666220126145749.

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Abstract: This paper highlights the notable individual contributions of the researchers in the field of first-order universal filters, and additionally, segregates the reviewed works amongst various scientifically chosen categories. Relevant first-order universal filter circuits reported in the last two decades are chosen for the review. The segregation categories are based on the well-recognized signal processing features, such as the mode of operation, number of active and passive elements, grounded nature of the passive components, simultaneous availability of the outputs, and the provision for resistorless realization. These works are also analyzed for various other performance enhancing attributes, like support for cascadability, transistor count, load insensitivity, matching constraints, etc. Moreover, exhaustive observations regarding existing works are also included individually in tabular form to mainly emphasize newness, uniqueness and downsides of reported ideas, which further enrich the quality of the review paper.

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22

Jiang, Lei, Haijian Zhang, Shuai Cheng, Hengwei Lv, and Pandong Li. "An Overview of FIR Filter Design in Future Multicarrier Communication Systems." Electronics 9, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040599.

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Future wireless communication systems are facing with many challenges due to their complexity and diversification. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in 4G cannot meet the requirements in future scenarios, thus alternative multicarrier modulation (MCM) candidates for future physical layer have been extensively studied in the academic field, for example, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC), filtered OFDM (F-OFDM), and so forth, wherein the prototype filter design is an essential component based on which the synthesis and analysis filters are derived. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on the recent advances of finite impulse response (FIR) filter design methods in MCM based communication systems. Firstly, the fundamental aspects are examined, including the introduction of existing waveform candidates and the principle of FIR filter design. Then the methods of FIR filter design are summarized in details and we focus on the following three categories—frequency sampling methods, windowing based methods and optimization based methods. Finally, the performances of various FIR design methods are evaluated and quantified by power spectral density (PSD) and bit error rate (BER), and different MCM schemes as well as their potential prototype filters are discussed.

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23

Whitaker, D. C., J. A. Stygall, S. P. Newman, and M. JG Harrison. "The use of leucocyte-depleting and conventional arterial line filters in cardiac surgery: a systematic review of clinical studies." Perfusion 16, no. 6 (December 2001): 433–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765910101600602.

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Although various forms of arterial line filter have been available for use during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for 30 years, their use is not universal. The aim of this review was to seek evidence of the clinical benefit of using conventional or leucocyte-depleting arterial line filters during bypass. A literature search revealed 28 relevant clinical studies. Despite the wide variety of patient populations, types of filter and outcome measures utilized in studies, a few conclusions are possible. Whereas conventional filtration has the definite effect of reducing neuropsychological deficit post-CPB, the results of studies using the leucocyte-depleting filter are less clear cut. Leucocyte-depleting filters have potential for reducing inflammatory mediated heart and lung injury, however it is recommended that any additional benefit of leucocyte-depleting filters over conventional filters should be further tested by randomized controlled trials of sufficient size.

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24

Asha, S., Dr S. U. Aswathy, Dr Bibin Vincent, and Dr Teena Joseph. "An Effective System for Universal Noise Removal Using Switching Bilateral Filters." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 11, no. 10-SPECIAL ISSUE (October 31, 2019): 1422–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v11sp10/20192987.

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25

Prasad, Dinesh, Mayank Srivastava, and D. R. Bhaskar. "Transadmittance Type Universal Current-Mode Biquad Filter Using VDTAs." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (August 19, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/762845.

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A new resistorless single-input-multi-output (SIMO) universal transadmittance (TA) type filter employing two voltage differencing transconductance amplifiers (VDTA) and two grounded capacitors is proposed. The proposed topology realizes simultaneously low pass (LP), high pass (HP), and band pass (BP) filter functions. Band rejects (BR) and all pass (AP) filters are also realizable through appropriate connections of currents. The proposed configuration also offers independent control of natural angular frequency (ω0) and bandwidth (BW) and low active and passive sensitivities. The workability of proposed configuration has been demonstrated through PSPICE simulations with TSMC CMOS 0.18 μm process parameters.

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26

Baki, A. K. M. "Comparison of different New Radio (NR) waveforms for wireless communications." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 3, 2023): e0283886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283886.

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New Radio (NR) waveforms of existing wireless communication systems need further improvement in order to support future wireless communications. NR is the radio interface technology proposed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for 5G. Prototype Filter (PF) of NR plays a vital role in performance improvement of wireless systems. NR waveforms can adapt in a better way to different channel conditions. Some of the NR filtering techniques are Filtered-OFDM (F-OFDM), Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC), and Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC). NR waveforms require performance improvement when high reliability, massive connectivity, lower power consumption, and time-critical applications are required. Areas of improvement are Power Spectral Density (PSD), Bit Error Rate (BER), Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR), Doppler Diversity, and Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). This paper compares different performance parameters of Filtered-OFDM, FBMC, and UFMC using existing proto-type filters and novel proto-type filters. The novel and better PFs, described in the paper, were proposed first time by the authors and his research group. Proposed novel prototype filters for FBMC, Filtered-OFDM, and UFMC are respectively Binomial filter and Fractional Powered Binomial Filter (FPBF). With FPBF based OFDM, PSD improvement was 97.5 dB, and BER improvement was 0.07 at 0 dB SNR. With Binomial filter based FBMC, OOBE improvement was 19.7 dB and BER improvement was 0.03 at 0 dB SNR. PAPR improvement with Binomial filter based FBMC was 1.16 dB at 64-QAM and 1.1 dB at 256-QAM. With FPBF based UFMC, improvement of interference level was 122 dB within 3rd~52th sub-bands due to 1st sub-band. BER improvement was 0.09 at 0 dB SNR. SIR improvement was 5. 27 dB with 15 KHz sub-carrier spacing and 16.55 dB with 30 KHz sub-carrier spacing of UFMC. Novel NR filters, discussed in the paper, are good candidates for future 6G wireless systems.

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27

MAHESHWARI, SUDHANSHU, JITENDRA MOHAN, and DURG SINGH CHAUHAN. "HIGH INPUT IMPEDANCE VOLTAGE-MODE UNIVERSAL FILTER AND QUADRATURE OSCILLATOR." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 19, no. 07 (November 2010): 1597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126610006943.

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A new single input and five outputs high input impedance voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter using three DVCCs, five passive components is presented. The proposed circuit offers the following features: high input impedance, realization of all the standard filter functions, that is, high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, band reject and all-pass filters simultaneously, the use of grounded capacitor, orthogonal control of ω0 and Q, no need to employ inverting type input signals, and no need to impose component choice except realizing the all-pass filter signal. A new quadrature oscillator circuit is also realized. PSPICE simulations using 0.35 μm TSMC CMOS parameters confirm the validity of the proposed circuit.

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28

Pachter, M., and P. R. Chandler. "Universal linearization concept for extended Kalman filters." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 29, no. 3 (July 1993): 946–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7.220942.

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29

Yuce, Erkan, Sezai Tokat, Shahram Minaei, and Oguzhan Cicekoglu. "Stability problems in universal current-mode filters." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 61, no. 9 (October 2007): 580–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2006.09.007.

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30

Lee, Chen-Nong. "Multiple-Mode OTA-C Universal Biquad Filters." Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 29, no. 2 (December 22, 2009): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-009-9145-0.

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31

Kaçar, Fırat, and Abdullah Yeşil. "Voltage mode universal filters employing single FDCCII." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 63, no. 1 (December 19, 2009): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-009-9440-5.

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32

Lekhovitskii, D. I. "Generalized Levinson algorithm and universal lattice filters." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 35, no. 9-10 (1993): 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01044971.

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33

Sun, Yichuang, and J. K. Fidler. "Resonator-based universal ota-grounded capacitor filters." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 23, no. 3 (May 1995): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.4490230310.

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34

Yuce, Erkan, Ali Kircay, and Sezai Tokat. "Universal resistorless current-mode filters employing CCCIIs." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 36, no. 5-6 (July 2008): 739–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.455.

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35

Prasad Yadav, Shatrughna. "Performance Optimization of Universal Filtered Multicarrier Technique for Next Generation Communication Systems." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 14, no. 2 (February 27, 2023): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.14.2.1.

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Next generation communication systems require better performance to support high - bandwidth, peak data rate, spectral efficiency, mobility, connection density, positioning accuracy, etc. Investigation on efficient modulation technique for next generation has become very important so as to meet its expectations. In this paper performance optimization of universal filtered multicarrier (UFMC) technique for next generation communication systems have been investigated. Dolph-Chebyshev (DC) and Kaiser-Bessel- derived (KBD) filters have been used to optimize power spectral density, channel equalization, bit error rate, and peak to average power ratio (PAPR). It has been observed that KBD filter response is comparatively better than DC filter. Effect of filter length also influences the system performance, filter with bigger length improves performance at the cost of computational complexity. Performance of UFMC has been compared with that of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique. The present work of investigations on UFMC that is based on subband filtering is our original research work that has been carried out for its suitability for next generation communication systems. It has simple design structure, lower computational complexities and better performance in terms of BER compared to OFDM and f-ODFM systems. It has comparatively low PAPR than GFDM and FBMC techniques.

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36

Yuce, Erkan, and Shahram Minaei. "Universal current-mode filters and parasitic impedance effects on the filter performances." International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 36, no. 2 (2008): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cta.418.

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37

Bhaskar, Data R., Ajishek Raj, and Pragati Kumar. "Mixed-Mode Universal Biquad Filter Using OTAs." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 10 (December 16, 2019): 2050162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620501625.

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This paper introduces an electronically tunable mixed-mode universal biquad filter configuration employing four single output operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), one dual output OTA and two grounded capacitors (GCs) (ideal for integrated circuit implementation and absorbing shunt parasitic capacitances). The presented structure can realize all second-order filter functions, namely, low pass (LP), high pass (HP), band pass (BP), band reject (BR) and all pass (AP) responses in voltage mode (VM), current mode (CM), transresistance mode (TRM) and transconductance mode (TCM) using appropriate selection(s) of input signals. The cut-off frequency ([Formula: see text] and bandwidth (BW) of the realized filters can be tuned orthogonally through the transconductance (by varying the bias currents) of the OTAs. The proposed biquad configuration enjoys low active and passive sensitivities. The workability of this multifunctional biquad filter topology has been confirmed through simulations using MATLAB and Analog Design Environment (ADE) spectre tool provided by Cadence Virtuoso, using 0.18[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS process parameter. The post-layout simulations have also been carried out to validate the theory.

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38

SINGH, A. K., R. SENANI, D. R. BHASKAR, and R. K. SHARMA. "A NEW ELECTRONICALLY-TUNABLE ACTIVE-ONLY UNIVERSAL BIQUAD." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 03 (May 2011): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812661100744x.

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A number of configurations for realizing voltage-mode (VM) biquads using op-amps and OTAs have been presented in the literature, however, none of these provide the following desirable properties simultaneously: (i) realizability of all the five standard filters (namely; low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop and all pass), (ii) tunability of all the three filter parameters (namely; ω0, bandwidth or Q0 and gain) and (iii) not requiring any realization condition in any of the five filter responses. This paper presents a new configuration which does possess all the above mentioned desirable properties simultaneously while using only two internally-compensated type op-amps and a reasonable number of OTAs. The workability of the new configuration has been demonstrated by SPICE simulations based upon CMOS Op-amp and CMOS OTAs.

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39

Phatsornsiri, Punnavich, Montree Kumngern, and Panit Lamun. "A Voltage-Mode Universal Biquadratic Filter Using DDCCTA." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 25, no. 05 (February 25, 2016): 1650034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126616500341.

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This paper presents a new voltage-mode (VM) universal biquadratic filter using differential difference current conveyor transconductance amplifier (DDCCTA) as an active element. The circuit employs one DDCCTA, two floating resistors and two floating capacitors which can realize five biquadratic filters, namely low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP), band-stop (BS), high-pass (HP) and all-pass (AP) into one single topology. For realizing these filtering functions, passive component-matching conditions, inverting-type and/or doubling-input signal requirements and changing circuit configuration are absent. The natural angular frequency and quality factor of the filter can be orthogonally controlled deliberately. The VM biquadratic filter using grounded passive components with high-input and low-output impedances can be obtained by adding an additional DDCCTA or differential difference current conveyor (DDCC). The simulation results with 0.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m CMOS process from MIETEC are given to confirm the theoretical predictions and the experimental results are also included to verify the workability of the proposed structure.

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40

Shaik, Samdhani, and P. Balanagu. "Functional Verification Architecture Implementation for Power Optimized FIR Filter." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.20 (April 18, 2018): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.20.14780.

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Digital-filters are having universal for audio applications. So that, great digital-filter execution ought to be taken as an imperative for outline of audio system Applications. The utilization of accuracy with limited in Digital filters for speaking to signals which likewise contrast from that of simple filters as computerized filters utilizing a limited exactness number juggling for registering the filter reaction. Here, FIR-filter has been actualized in Xilinx ISE utilizing VERILOG dialect. VERILOG coding for FIR-filter has been actualized here too waveforms are additionally seen in the reproduction.Viper comprises of less weight as contrasted and multipliers as far as silicon territory and this plays a profitable in FIR structure. This paper has picked multipliers as stall and Wallace and the taken the adders as convey spare and convey skip. In this paper it needs to build up a RTL in the purpose of structures and check the usefulness of structures contrasted and playing out the union utilizing Xilinx synthesizer. The outcomes were thought about regarding region (LUT'S), power, deferral and memory for different fir structures.

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Koziel, Slawomir. "NOISE ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF GENERAL OTA-C FILTERS." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 8, no. 1 (2022): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2022-8-1-7-12.

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In the paper, a general approach to noise analysis in continuous-time OTA-C filters is presented. Recently an increasing interest in the design of continuous-time filters based on the transconductance capacitor (OTA-C) technique has been observed. The operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) offer a higher bandwidth than their voltage-mode counterparts, can be easily tuned electronically, and have a better suitability for operating in reduced supply environment. Due to this, high frequency integrated filters are mostly realized as the OTA-C ones. Based on a matrix description of a general OTC filter topology, a universal formulas for evaluating the noise in any OTC filter are derived. The presented formulas can be easily implemented and used in computer-aided analysis/optimization software. The accuracy of the proposed method is confirmed by comparison with SPICE simulation. The example of application for finding the minimum-noise 5th order multiple-loop feedback filters implementing Butterworth and Bessel transfer functions is given.

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42

SALAMA, K. N., and A. M. SOLIMAN. "ACTIVE RC FILTERS USING OPERATIONAL TRANSRESISTANCE AMPLIFIERS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 08, no. 04 (August 1998): 507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126698000304.

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A new generalized universal filter configuration using the Operational Transresistance Amplifier is proposed. Twelve different filter circuits are derived from the general configuration. The circuits are designed to provide Low-pass, Band-pass, High-pass, All-pass and Notch responses through appropriate choice of admittances. The feasibility of this configuration in operating at high frequencies is presented. A detailed analysis taking the effect of the finite transresistance gain into consideration is presented. Self-compensation that requires no additional elements of some of the proposed filters is presented. The effectiveness of the proposed configuration is demonstrated by HSpice simulations.

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43

Suid, M. H., M. A. Ahmad, M. I. F. M. Hanif, M. Z. Tumari, and M. S. Saealal. "Universal Impulse Noise Suppression Using Extended Efficient Nonparametric Switching Median Filter." MATEC Web of Conferences 214 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821401003.

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This paper presents a filtering algorithm called extended efficient nonparametric switching median (EENPSM) filter. The proposed filter is composed of a nonparametric easy to implement impulse noise detector and a recursive pixel restoration technique. Initially, the impulse detector classifies any possible impulsive noise pixels. Subsequently, the filtering phase replaces the detected noise pixels. In addition, the filtering phase employs fuzzy reasoning to deal with uncertainties present in local information. Contrary to the existing conventional filters that only focus on a particular impulse noise model, the EENPSM filter is capable of filtering all kinds of impulse noise (i.e. the random-valued and/or fixed-valued impulse noise models). Extensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations have shown that the EENPSM method performs better than some of the existing methods by giving better filtering performance.

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44

Samadi, S., M. O. Ahmad, and M. N. S. Swamy. "Fast generation of universal maximally flat fir filters." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 50, no. 3 (March 2003): 441–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2003.808858.

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45

Abuelma'atti, Muhammad Taher, and Muhammad Ali Al-Qahtani. "Current-mode universal filters using unity gain cells." Electronics Letters 32, no. 12 (1996): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19960760.

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46

WENG, RO-MIN, and MAW-HUEI LEE. "Novel universal biquad filters using only three followers." International Journal of Electronics 82, no. 6 (June 1997): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002072197135779.

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47

LIU, SHEN-IUAN, and JIIN-LONG LEE. "Voltage-mode universal filters using two current conveyors." International Journal of Electronics 82, no. 2 (February 1997): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002072197136147.

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48

Salama, Khaled. "Continuous Time Universal Filters using Unity Gain Cells." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 56, no. 5 (January 2002): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1434-8411-54100109.

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49

Laoudias, Costas, and Costas Psychalinos. "Universal biquad filters using low-voltage current mirrors." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 65, no. 1 (March 17, 2010): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-010-9462-z.

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50

Alzaher, Hussain A., Noman A. Tasadduq, and Osama Al-Ees. "Digitally programmable high-order current-mode universal filters." Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 67, no. 2 (September 15, 2010): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10470-010-9536-y.

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