Journal articles on the topic 'Universal Concrete Pipe Company'
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1
Hartanti, Benih. "Pelatihan Audit Internal Dalam Mendukung Penerapan Iso 9001 : 2015 Pada Universal Trading - Surabaya." COMVICE: Journal Of Community Service 5, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26533/comvice.v5i1.770.
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Abstract
Internal audit as a form of implementation of a management audit has a general purpose to provide recommendations for improvements to company management programs or activities. This community service activity (PKM) is carried out at Universal Trading Surabaya, which is a trading company with commodity products with very complex business processes. The purpose of carrying out an internal audit is to maintain service and product quality as a mandatory clause in ISO 9001: 2015 certification. The target of this activity is that company employees are able to carry out a series of ISO audit surveillance activities which have been carried out every six months since 2017. PKM activities are carried out intensively in the form of intensive training for approximately a month, namely in January 2020. From the results It is hoped that the partners will be able to carry out the internal audit process on a regular basis as a concrete form of the company's commitment to maintaining work quality from a quality management system perspective.
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Krivorotov, V. V., A. V. Kalina, S. E. Erypalov, and D. I. Kobekina. "Dynamic Assessment of the Company's Competitiveness, Taking into Account the Implementation of Its Innovative Development Strategy." Journal of Applied Economic Research 19, no. 4 (2020): 512–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vestnik.2020.19.4.024.
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Innovative development of domestic enterprises and growth of their competitiveness is the most important task at the present stage of development of the country's economy. The purpose of this study is to develop methodological tools that assess the impact of strategic plans for innovative development of an enterprise on the level of its competitiveness. The hypothesis of the study is that the plans for innovative development of the enterprise have a positive impact on the level of competitiveness of the enterprise. The article shows that in modern conditions one of the main directions of increasing the competitiveness of any company is inextricably linked with the formation and use of innovative development systems at enterprises. An analytical review of the existing methods for evaluating the competitiveness of the enterprise is carried out; their advantages and disadvantages are determined. It is shown that there is currently no single universal approach to such evaluation. As a result, a reasonable choice was made in favor of a methodological approach that evaluates competitiveness in dynamics; the main indicators and algorithms used in this approach are presented. The method of assessing the stability of the competitive position of industrial enterprises based on their innovative activity using a number of innovative indicators and taking into account their possible growth in the financing and implementation of innovative projects is proposed. The competitiveness of the largest Russian Pipe Metallurgical Company in comparison with its leading domestic competitors in the period 2017-2019 was evaluated; the main problems and weaknesses in the company's activities that have a negative impact on its competitiveness are identified. An assessment of the innovative activity of the Pipe Metallurgical Company is performed, which shows that the company currently adheres to a strategy based on the introduction of improving innovations. Modeling of the dependence of the level of the competitiveness of the company on the indicators of its innovation activity is performed; the indicators that have the strongest impact are identified, namely: the coefficient of intellectual property security, the coefficient of innovative growth, and the coefficient of development of new products. An example of the implementation of an event aimed at increasing the company's innovation activity indicators and related to the commissioning of unique research equipment for the development of new threaded connections for pipes is given. Based on the projected outcomes of the event, the forecast level of competitiveness of the Pipe Metallurgical Company for the period up to the end of 2020 was determined.
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Kaihovirta, Matias. "Maintaining paternalism, retaining patriarchy: Gender and class in a Finnish industrial company, 1880–1980." management revue 31, no. 4 (2020): 402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0935-9915-2020-4-402.
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This article examines industrial paternalism in Finland throughout a century, from the 1880s to the 1980s, and coincides with the rise and decline of industrial society in the history of Western capitalism. The focus of the article is on social relationships between management and employees in an ironworks in Billnäs, located in south-western Finland, and how it developed and changed during the studied time period. Applying a microscopic historical analysis, this article looks at universal phenomenon, namely concerning social relations and gender in the world of industrial paternalism in concrete detail. In addition to a historical understanding of paternalism, the article also contributes to a broader understanding of the relationship between social and economic relations in paternalist organizations with a view to exploring the cultural understandings of gender and class.
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Coulmont, Michel, Sylvie Berthelot, and Marc-Antoine Paul. "The Global Compact and its concrete effects." Journal of Global Responsibility 8, no. 2 (September 11, 2017): 300–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgr-02-2017-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to document the concrete practices put in place by United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) affiliated firms and their application of the UNGC Communication on Progress (COP). Design/methodology/approach The paper examines the practices implemented by firms on the Fortune 500 list that have affiliated with the UNGC and issued a COP separate from their annual report or a sustainable development report. According to the UNGC, the COP policy sets out a description of practical actions the company has taken or plans to take to implement the ten principles. Findings The findings tend to show that firms affiliated with the UNGC use a variety of practices to integrate these principles. Many adopt policies based on an international standard relating to a UNGC principle. However, the reporting process supported by the UNGC does not seem to fully promote the widespread application of these practices. Originality/value The documentation of these practices will serve as a reference for any business interested in adopting the UNGC principles or for government and non-government organisations, including accounting standard setters, aiming to promote and support the universal principles on human rights, labour, the environment and anti-corruption. In addition, the study reveals weaknesses in the UNGC COP policy that could limit more extensive application of these practices.
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Piratla, Kalyan R., He Jin, and Sepideh Yazdekhasti. "A Failure Risk-Based Culvert Renewal Prioritization Framework." Infrastructures 4, no. 3 (July 15, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4030043.
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Transportation agencies are currently challenged to keep up with culvert infrastructure that is rapidly deteriorating due to lack of adequate maintenance and capital improvement. It is imperative for the transportation agencies to identify and rehabilitate deteriorated culverts prior to their failures. Among several concerns, lack of rational rehabilitation prioritization tools is foremost. Complicating this need further, current practices vary widely across the state departments of transportation (DOTs) which makes it difficult to develop a universal approach for prioritizing failing culverts. This paper presents and demonstrates a failure risk-based culvert prioritization approach that is compliant with the inspection procedures of the South Carolina DOT. The approach presented in this paper is specifically developed for reinforced concrete pipe (RCP) and corrugated metal pipe (CMP) materials because of their wide popularity. Outcomes from a survey of state DOTs informed the development of parametric weightings using the principles of analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Weightings developed for several critical inspection parameters are combined with the corresponding condition assessment scores to determine the failure criticality of culverts, which are subsequently combined with estimated failure consequences to determine failure risk estimates. The prioritization approach is demonstrated using the condition assessment scores of over 5200 culvert structures in South Carolina.
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Musiienko, Igor. "Automated calculation of road reinforced con-crete round culverts for operation in free-flow mode in program UKRRVS21." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University, no. 93 (May 27, 2021): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.93.0.112.
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The modern approach to the design of road culverts involves the use of computeraided design (CAD). In design organizations of Ukraine software products of the Minsk company CREDO are being used for calculations of capacity of culverts by GRIS_T. Since 2019, the UKRRVS program is being developed to calculate culverts of road structures according to Ukrainian standards. At the moment, the program has the calculation of stormwater runoff according to MADI/SoyuzDorProekt formula and meltwater runoff (according the Road Handbook). In 2020, a new stage of automated calculation of road culverts started - calculations of capacity. The article presents the automated calculation of road reinforced concrete round culverts for pressureless operation. Goal. It is proposed to automate the calculation of road reinforced concrete round culverts for pressureless oper-ation. Methodology. The current methods for calculating the throughput of reinforced concrete road culverts have been used. Programming was carried out in the C# language using object-oriented programming. Results. The state of affairs in the auto-mation of hydraulic calculations in the road industry in accordance with Ukrainian standards was analyzed. It was concluded that at the moment the production uses the GRIS program of the CREDO company. The UKRRVS program is being developed. In this program, the issue of automating the calculation of the throughput of round culverts for operation in freeflow mode is relevant. The question of the methodology and algorithmization of this calculation, coding and interface support has been resolved. Practical value. The algorithm for calculating road culverts has been developed. A part of calculating the throughput of road culverts has been created in the UKRRVS program. This part covers the most com-mon group - round reinforced concrete culverts for freeflow operation. Originality. The interface has been created for the automation program for calculating road culverts. When you click the button “Round reinforced concrete pipes” in the main menu of the program UKRVS 21, the window “Calculation of a round reinforced concrete pipe operating in pressureless mode” opens. The calculation consists of three parts: the area of formation of initial data, the button “Calculate”, and the area of output of results of calculations. The area of formation of ini-tial data consists of 7 points. The area of the results of calculation of round reinforced concrete road cul-verts working in a pressureless mode consists of 14 points.
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Yang, Wenwei, Ruhao Yan, Yaqi Suo, Guoqing Zhang, and Bo Huang. "Experimental Study on Hysteretic Behavior of the Overlapped K-Joints with Concrete Filled in Chord." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (April 7, 2019): 1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071456.
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Due to the insufficient radial stiffness of the steel tube, the cracking of the weld and the plastic deformation of the string often occur under the cyclic loading of the hollow section pipe joint. In order to avoid such a failure, the overlapped K-joints were strengthened by pouring different concrete into the chords. Furthermore, to explore the detailed effect of filling different concrete in a chord on the hysteretic behavior of the overlapped K-joints, six full-scale specimens were fabricated by two forms, which included the circular chord and braces, the square chord and circular braces, and the low cyclic loading tests, which were carried out. The failure modes, hysteretic curves and skeleton curves of the joints were obtained, and the bearing capacity, ductility and energy dissipation of the joints were evaluated quantitatively. The results showed that plastic failure occurs on the surface of the chord of the joints without filling concrete, while the failure mode of the joints filled with concrete in the chords was the tensile failure of the chords at the weld of the brace toe, and the compressive braces had a certain buckling deformation; The strengthening measures of concrete filled with chord can effectively improve the mechanical properties of the K-joints, the delay of the plastic deformation of the chord, and improve the bearing capacity of the K-joints. Contrarily, the ductility coefficient and the energy dissipation ratio of K-joints decreased with the concrete filled in the chord. The hysteretic behavior of the K-joints with a circular chord and brace was slightly better than that of the K-joints with a square chord and circular brace, and the hysteretic behavior of the K-joints strengthened with fly ash concrete, which was better than that of the K-joints strengthened with ordinary concrete. The results of ANSYS (a large general finite element analysis software developed by ANSYS Company in the United States) analysis agreed well with the experimental results.
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Акатьев, Владимир, Vladimir Akatev, Л. Волкова, L. Volkova, М. Тюрин, M. Tyurin, Е. Бородина, and E. Borodina. "Taking into Account the Initial Signs of Critical Degradation of a Chimney in the Analysis of the Risk of Its Destruction." Safety in Technosphere 7, no. 4 (June 24, 2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5cf6646e9e17c2.03590798.
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The analysis of the dynamics of the corrosion processes of the lining and concrete trunk of the chimney, depending on the operating conditions and climatic conditions, reveals the conditions for the formation of initial cracks in the lining, the dynamics of their growth, it is shown that, with a density of hair cracks of 10 pieces on an area of 0.5 m2, so permeable that the rates of local corrosion processes of lining and concrete materials create an excessive risk of destruction of the chimney. Especially quickly the degradation processes the chimney is exposed at a point about one-third of the top at gas velocities below 10 and above 20 m/s. Excessive permeability of the lining as an additional critical defect is suggested to be taken into account in the composition of critical defects in the traditional classification of their hazards, and its identification is to be based on the results of recognition of defects in photographs obtained by monitoring the chimney with an autonomous device — by the parameter “exceeding the density of cracks by opening width 1 mm and more than 10 pieces on an area of 0.5 m2. At the same time, in the analysis of the risk of destruction of the chimney, the event tree is complemented by the fourth branch, which means the emergence of a critical defect — excessive permeability of gases through the lining. In addition, the lengths of cracks in the lining and concrete trunk are referred to the diameter of the pipe, which makes the classification more universal.
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Leite, Eduardo Dias, Angélica Ferreira Santos, and Raimundo Otávio Nogueira Dias. "Homeless people: an analysis of public policies implemented by the Government of the Federal District (GDF)." Caderno Pedagógico 20, no. 9 (December 14, 2023): 4207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54033/cadpedv20n9-025.
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This article seeks to analyze the public policies implemented by the Government of the Federal District (GDF), aimed at the homeless population. Despite the recognition of the fundamental nature of social rights by the 1988 Federal Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, such acts still need concrete measures to materialize their provisions. To carry it out, the descriptive research method and secondary data obtained by the Federal District Planning Company (CODEPLAN) in 2022 were used, which outlined the profile of the homeless population in the Federal District. The difficulty in implementing public policies in the Federal District is also reported. The research showed that the coronavirus pandemic contributed to the increase in the homeless population and that unemployment was identified as the main cause. These people are looking for an alternative to obtain income and have become victims of urban and police violence and social discrimination.
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Bachmann, Madeleine, and Sascha Gentes. "Explanations for the development of a novel universally inside pipe separator for dismantling (contaminated) pipelines." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 1 (November 10, 2021): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-19-2021.
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Abstract. During the operation and dismantling of nuclear facilities, individual pipelines must always be removed due to leaks because of the end of their maximum service life or the dismantling of the plant. In practice, this activity, which at first glance appears simple, is associated with many challenges due to limited space or the fact that the pipelines run through walls, despite various solutions that are available on the market. Therefore, the aim of the joint research project “RoTre” (Development of a novel universally inside pipe separator for dismantling contaminated pipelines) between KIT, Siempelkamp NIS Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH and RWE Nuclear GmbH is the development of an innovative and competitive inside pipe separator for use in decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear facilities with a wide range of applications for various pipe diameters, wall strengths and materials (Fig. 1). An amendment will be the forward cleaning, whereby metal chips or other components can be captured continuously. Besides the dismantling in areas which are difficult to access, such as pipelines set in concrete or pipelines that cannot be drilled over their full length, dismantling should be possible in air and under water. After application, the system can be decontaminated. In order to separate pipes made out of different materials with various wall thicknesses, the development of a universally applicable test stand is planned in order to achieve the scientific work objectives. Among other things, it should be determined whether a sawing or an abrasive cutting process is more suitable for cutting inside pipes. Building on this, the parameters of the separation process are tested in a parameter study to achieve the smallest possible process forces with a universal applicability. Relevant parameters are the geometry parameters of the cutting unit like the saw tooth shape, the composition of the cutting wheel, as well as the process parameters in the form of infeed, cutting speed and tool speed. The cutting quality achieved by the different tools with the setting of the machine parameters is also an evaluation criterion for the selection of the cutting process.
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Sayinli, Teoman, and Selahattin Yigit. "The Üsküdar and Baltalimani sea outfalls of the Istanbul sewerage project: A construction case history." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 2 (July 1, 1995): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0106.
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The Baltalimani (BL) and Üsküdar (Ü) Sea Outfalls are situated on two coasts of the Bosphorus and are 2×300 m and 270 m long with nominal diameter ⌈ 1727 mm and ø 1219 mm, respectively. These outfalls were constructed by the Alarko Company for ISKI in the years 1988-1993 to discharge the pretreated or treated waste waters to the bottom current of the Bosphorus. The submarine pipelines have been installed by a) bottom pulling in the dredged trench, b) short launch-way (L/W) very close to the shore, c) pulling from the same coast via an anchored pulley in Ü, and d) pulling from the other coast of the Bosphorus in BL. Preparation of the pipes, comprising of corrosion coating, cathodic protection, assembly and concrete weight coating, was performed at the Kadìköy Site. Following dredging of the offshore trenches, bedding material was laid. Meanwhile the L/Ws were fabricated and erected. Installations of the pipelines were executed by placing the pipe sections on the L/Ws, making the field joints and pulling towards the sea into the trench. After testing, the submarine pipelines were covered; first with a layer of gravel then with a layer of armour stone and connected to the landline. Ü outfall was put into operation satisfactorily immediately upon completion.
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Toscano, Armando, Melissa Balzarotti, and Ilaria Re. "Sustainability Practices and Greenwashing Risk in the Italian Poultry Sector: A Grounded Theory Study." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 14088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114088.
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Despite the growing recognition of the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) framework by companies as a transparency tool to meet stakeholders’ requirements, a universal standard for ESG reporting is currently lacking, potentially fueling greenwashing phenomena. This study focuses on one of the leading sectors dominated by big players at the Italian level, the poultry sector, with the aim of analyzing how the green transition can be integrated into ESG company identity. This study employs, for the first time, the grounded theory (GT) methodology to investigate how sustainability is “perceived” and “practiced” by the entrepreneurs of the Italian poultry supply chain. The results provide insights into how changes toward greater sustainability can be transformed into concrete pathways that function within the organizational design. The outcome could be the reconfiguration of the organizational design, whereby the practice becomes incisive, or its circumvention, whereby the practice is adopted only superficially. The development of a more standardized ESG reporting system, along with incentivization measures and policies supporting small and medium-sized agrifood companies in the adoption of sustainability practices, could contribute to overcoming the “detachment” between the sustainability “perceived” and “practiced” by agrifood companies and to effectively adopting environmental sustainability as a development strategy.
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García, Juan T., Juan M. García-Guerrero, José M. Carrillo, Álvaro Sordo-Ward, Luis Altarejos-García, Pedro D. Martínez-Solano, Francisco-Javier Pérez de la Cruz, Antonio Vigueras-Rodriguez, and Luis G. Castillo. "Sanitation Network Sulfide Modeling as a Tool for Asset Management. The Case of the City of Murcia (Spain)." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 7643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187643.
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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generated in sewer networks induces corrosion which today constitutes the main cause of deterioration of concrete pipes. Information regarding the H2S concentration inside sewer networks, as well as its control and reduction, has become one of the most important concerns in sanitation systems management nowadays. Modeling sulfide dynamics is the key to understanding corrosion processes. A dynamic model (called EMU-SANETSUL) was developed to calculate the H2S concentration in both the water and the gas phases of the main sewers of the city of Murcia (Spain). The model was calibrated with data from field measurements taken from both the gas phase and wastewater. Samples were taken in the network from 2016 to 2019. The model achieved an accuracy index and error index in the ranges of 57% and 15%, respectively. Empirical equations of reaction are used, and calibration parameters are detailed. The code uses an explicit discretization technique, named the Discrete Volume Element Method (DVEM). A map with the annual average concentration of H2S at the gas phase inside each pipe of the simulated network is presented. Values are compared with the mechanical deterioration inventory from closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspections performed by the Municipal Sanitation Company of the city of Murcia (EMUASA). Mechanical deterioration of pipes has diverse causes, including corrosion of pipes by H2S. Sections with high H2S concentrations that match with mechanical wear can be considered susceptible to being prioritized when rehabilitation works are being planned. Therefore, H2S concentration modeling provides valuable information for asset management of the sewer network.
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Akomah, Benjamin Boahene, and Emmanuel Nana Jackson. "The Influence of the Physico-Chemical Properties of Water on the Compressive Strength of Concrete." International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 9, no. 09 (September 18, 2018): 20244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr/2018/9/09/600.
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Objective: To determine the influence of the physico-chemical compositions of the different sources of water on the compressive strength of concrete.
Materials and Methods: Seventy-two 150mm x 150mm concrete specimen were cast using six different sources of water and cured using the same water sources by immersion for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Each water sample was used to produce 12 specimen, three each for the four different ages. Concrete cubes were weighed using digital weighing machine before testing. Test for compressive strength was done using digital compressive test machine after which the Average Compressive Strength (ACS) of the three samples was determined.
Results: The silt content of the fine aggregates used was within the recommended percentage specified by the IS part II 1963. The results obtained from the slump test classifies the concrete produced for the study as stiff or extremely dry. Though the Amissano and Aquarium water recorded some amount of slump, their slumps could still be described as no-slump and cannot be classified. The figures for the compacting factor test indicated low workability for the concrete produced for the test. It was only the concrete produced from the Kakum river water that had a medium workability. The sea water recorded the highest pH and was followed by the Kakumdo well water. The least pH was recorded by the Amissano well water. The total dissolved solid (TDS) of the Kakumdo well water and the sea water were far higher than the Ghana standards. On the other hand, the figures recorded by the Kakum water for chloride, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness and electric conductivity were below what is prescribed by the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL). The calcium hardness of the Kakumdo well water was (160mg/l) more than the standard. The Amissano well water specimen recorded the least ACS both at age 7 and 28. This was the lowest among all the samples produced from the various sources of water used for the experiment. The significant strength increase of the Amissano well water samples was recorded at age 14 and 21. The Kakumdo water specimen recorded the highest earliest strength of 20.339KN/mm2 and was followed by the Kakum river water. The samples from this source still recorded the highest at age 14 and 21. But at 28, it was overtaken by the Kakum river water samples with the Kakum river samples recording 26.439 KN/mm2 as against the 25.484 KN/mm2 registered by the Kakumdo well water samples. The Aquarium well water specimen recorded high strength at both age 7 and 28 than the Amissano well water specimen.
Conclusion:
The Aquarium water and Amissano well water were more acidic, meaning their pHs were lower than 6. This had significant influence on the ACS of the samples produced from them. This was evident in the case of the Amissano well water samples which recorded the lowest earliest strength of (12.173N/) among the six sources. The ACS difference recorded between the Aquarium and Amissano well water samples which were all acidic was 5.379KN/mm2. This means that higher the acidity of the water use for the production of concrete, the lower the ACS. The Amissano well water was 10 times more acidic than the Aquarium water and 20 times higher than the Kakum river water, pipe borne water and Kakumdo well water but 40 times higher than the sea water.
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Moskovskiy, Maksim N., Viktor G. Khamuev, Stanislav A. Gerasimenko, Sergey I. Borzenko, and Nikolay G. Kynev. "Production Tests of a Grain-Cleaning Machine with Software and Hardware Control as Part of a Technological Line." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK 48, no. 4 (December 2021): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2021-68-4-112-117.
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The quality of seeds is one of the most important factors of the good harvest. According to the State Seed Inspection of the Russian Federation, often up to half of the seed material does not meet the requirements of the standard; a significant part is due to the increased content of difficult-to-separate impurities. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to determine the main agrotechnical performance indicators of the designed grain cleaning machine VIM-4 for cleaning flax seeds as part of a typical production technological line for cleaning agricultural crops. (Materials and methods) There were conducted experimental studies based on the “SPRING FIELD” company of the Tula region using a typical grain cleaning line for cleaning flax. The line includes: a blockage pit, a belt conveyor, band elevator, Petkus K-218, MS-10/5, a gate device, a new grain cleaning machine VIM-4, a hardware and software module. The experiment was planned using the method of active experiment planning. Experiments were carried out using a compiled planning matrix, including the main parameters: flow, air flow velocity, diameter of the outlet pipe. The results were processed by methods of mathematical statistics and by means of Excel computer programs. (Results and discussion) The main performance indicators of the new VIM-4 grain- cleaning machine were evaluated in comparison with the basic version of the VIM-3 for cleaning flax seeds. (Conclusions) The article presents the comparative technical and economic results of the VIM-4 grain- cleaning machine and the VIM-3 model variant. The developed grain cleaning machine VIM-4 as part of the grain cleaning line for final seed cleaning has high technological reliability and resource-energy efficiency. The VIM-4 grain cleaning machine is universal. In the conditions of the technological line VIM-4 can functionally replace a line of two machines – the main and final cleaning.
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Kauark-Leite, L., B. Vinçon-Leite, J. F. Deroubaix, A. Loireau, D. Silveira, and E. Haddad. "Projeto <i>Vida no Vale</i>: universal access to water and sanitation in the North East of Minas Gerais (Brazil)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, no. 4 (August 28, 2007): 2683–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-2683-2007.
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Abstract. In the rural areas of the developing countries, the access to water supply and sanitation services is still largely inadequate. Poor governance of the water sector is frequently singled out as a cause and reforms are required. Studies analyzing the great diversity of restructuring efforts currently being undertaken in the water sector have not succeeded in determining the most appropriate institutional and economic framework for such reforms. Moreover they underline the lack of documentation on actual projects and call for concrete models and tools for improving water and sanitation services (WSS) and for adapting water utility practice to real conditions. In this context, the Vida no Vale (Life in the Valley) project is aimed at bringing universal access to WSS for all inhabitants of both urban and rural areas, in the north-eastern area of the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais. The project takes sustainable development as its guiding principle, and relies on the joint implementation of an innovative technical design, a governance model involving public participation and subsidiarity, and an economic structure combining financial viability and social equity. Designed at a consistent geographical and hydrological scale, it includes the creation of a regional subsidiary of the existing state water company as a keystone element. The institutional organisation also relies on the creation of a public board consisting of the 92 municipalities of the project region and of the State of Minas Gerais. This board will be in charge of the system's governance. The paper will present the first step of the project (2006), consisting of a feasibility study and the implementation of 9 pilot sub-projects. During the feasibility study, the supply, demand and capacity to pay for water services were defined, existing infrastructure appraised, the necessary amount of investment assessed and an innovative operational model and a sustainable management system, including civil society participation, defined. The main features of the Vida no Vale project have been tested in 9 pilot sub-projects, and implemented in municipalities chosen for their low Human Development Index and for the lack of WSS, in both urban and rural areas. A second phase corresponding to the project's final implementation will run from 2007 to 2011. The ongoing successful accomplishment of the Vida no Vale project would make it an exemplary and replicable model for other poor regions.
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Kauark-Leite, L., B. Vinçon-Leite, J. F. Deroubaix, A. Loireau, D. Silveira, and E. Haddad. "Projeto <i>Vida no Vale</i>: universal access to water and sanitation in the North East of Minas Gerais (Brazil)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 4 (August 5, 2008): 1075–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-1075-2008.
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Abstract. In the rural areas of the developing countries, the access to water supply and sanitation services is still largely inadequate. Poor governance of the water sector is frequently singled out as a cause and reforms are required. Studies analyzing the great diversity of restructuring efforts currently being undertaken in the water sector have not succeeded in determining the most appropriate institutional and economic framework for such reforms. Moreover they underline the lack of documentation on actual projects and call for concrete models and tools for improving water and sanitation services (WSS) and for adapting water utility practice to real conditions. In this context, the Vida no Vale (Life in the Valley) project is aimed at bringing universal access to WSS for all inhabitants of both urban and rural areas, in the north-eastern area of the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais. The project takes sustainable development as its guiding principle, and relies on the joint implementation of an innovative technical design, a governance model involving public participation and subsidiarity, and an economic structure combining financial viability and social equity. Designed at a consistent geographical and hydrological scale, it includes the creation of a regional subsidiary of the existing state water company as a keystone element. The institutional organisation also relies on the creation of a public board consisting of the 92 municipalities of the project region and of the State of Minas Gerais. This board will be in charge of the system's governance. This paper presents the first step of the project (2006), consisting of a feasibility study and the implementation of 9 pilot sub-projects. During the feasibility study, the supply, demand and capacity to pay for water services were defined, existing infrastructure appraised, the necessary amount of investment assessed and an innovative operational model and a sustainable management system, including civil society participation, defined. The main features of the Vida no Vale project have been tested in 9 pilot sub-projects, and implemented in municipalities chosen for their low Human Development Index and for the lack of WSS, in both urban and rural areas. A second phase corresponding to the project's final implementation will run from 2007 to 2011. The Vida no Vale project design resulted in a logical and extensive framework which could be used for developing similar WSS projects in other poor, rural regions, its adaptiveness being a key feature for taking into account the specific, local conditions.
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Macnar, Kazimierz, Andrzej Gonet, and Stanisław Stryczek. "Wybrane zagadnienia geotechniczne posadowienia urządzeń wiertniczych." Nafta-Gaz 77, no. 5 (May 2021): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18668/ng.2021.05.04.
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This article presents selected geotechnical issues occurring at the foundation of drilling rigs for geological works included in the Operation Plan of a company performing geological works, in the aspect of designing and construction of their foundations and a yard. In the construction of drilling equipment, at least two main zones can be distinguished, often requiring separate foundations for individual machines: the zone near the borehole, including crane components, mast and drill pipe drive, and the so-called machine hall zone, including drive units and elements of mud system. The machine foundation is designed to mount a particular type of machine on it in order to transfer to the ground the static and dynamic loads generated during the movement of the machine. In particular, the current legislation, technical literature and standards were reviewed, especially: API recommended practice 51R and 4G, Working platforms for tracked plant, Eurocode 7 PN-EN 1997-2:2009 Standard. The values of safe bearing capacity of some soils and the magnitude of pressures generated by static and dynamic loads of selected drilling equipment were presented, which can be useful for preliminary assessment of the location of drilling equipment in the field and selection of surface and type of foundations. Typical examples of foundation of drilling rigs in various geotechnical conditions on direct foundations with the use of prefabricated elements such as reinforced concrete road slabs, wooden slabs and composite slabs based on HDPE plastic or on indirect ones with the use of micropiles were described. The following essential elements of the process of geotechnical design of the foundation of drilling rigs and their execution were indicated. According to legal regulations, the form of presentation of geotechnical foundation conditions and the scope of necessary tests should depend on assigning the building structure to a proper geotechnical category, which for practical purposes is tabulated in this article. The design and construction of foundations for drilling rigs should ensure, among other things, that their intrinsic vibrations are sufficiently different from those induced by subassemblies of the rig, that the vibration amplitudes are smaller than permissible, and that the foundations of individual machines are adequately separated from each other and from the rest of the facilities (yard). Conclusions on the safe foundation of drilling rigs on the ground, including, among others, the strengthening of the ground, design of independent building structures such as foundations for drilling rigs and their execution and removal were presented.
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"Confinement of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (M-20) Using U-PVC Pipe." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 7 (May 10, 2020): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.f4739.059720.
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There is a issue of rusting and brittle failure in building structures so there is a need of more durable structure for better performance. The durability of the structure is affected by the choice of the construction material only .But here our main focus is not only to increase the durability but we are also aiming towards increasing the strength of the structure which can be achieved by the confinement of the column. Studies shows that by confining the column, its strength can be increased significantly. From durability point of view, we have carried out the complete replacement of the natural coarse aggregate with the recycled aggregate in order to know its properties and suitability as a replacement material and to promote the idea of sustainable development. In the present paper, an experimental study is presented regarding the load carrying capacity of the unplasticized poly vinyl chloride (U-PVC) confined columns subjected to axial compressive load. The cylinders that are used for this study are M20 grade concrete cylinders which are made using the recycled coarse aggregates. The cylinders are confined using the U-PVC pipes of 2.5mm & 3.5mm thickness and epoxy resin was used to increase the bond strength between the concrete cylinders & the U-PVC pipes. The cylinders that are used in this study are of length 300mm & diameter 150mm. The concrete used in study are designed as per the latest versions of Indian Standard Code of Practice and are prepared after running various trial mixes. A total of 9 specimens were casted for this study out of which 6 specimens were confined using U-PVC pipes while the other 3 specimens were unconfined. The specimens were subjected to gradual compressive load in universal testing machine (UTM) upto the failure and the results were recorded. The results indicated significant increase in the load carrying capacity of the confined columns as compared to the unconfined columns
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Shepelevich, M., and A. Puzan. "STUDYING CRACK RESISTANCE OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE − FIBRE-GLASS COMPOSITE PRESSURE PIPES FOR MICROTUNNELING." Problemy sovremennogo betona i zhelezobetona, no. 11 (December 23, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.35579/2076-6033-2019-11-06.
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The results are given for experimental studies of crack resistance of reinforced-concrete - fibre-glass composite pressure pipes when affected by three-way load and internal hydrostatic pressure. Pipes are designed for construction of pressure pipelines, using the trenchless laying (microtunneling) method. BelNIIS Institute Republican Unitary Enterprise (RUE) has developed the design solutions and engineering drawings of pipes in accordance with the order placed by Steklokompozit Industrial Company, Russia. Pipes are made as integrated ones, and they consist of an external thick-wall reinforced-concrete pipe (the cage) enveloping an insert pipe made of fibre-glass composite. Full-scale specimens of pipes with the inner diameter of 800 mm and the (effective) length of 3000 mm were used for studies. The total thickness of pipe wall was 138 mm, with the fibre-glass composite insert thickness 10 mm. Pipes were made in vertical position, with the vibroforming method used for this purpose. During the concrete mixture laying procedure, the fibre-glass composite insert pipe joined with the fibre-glass composite sleeve was used as a permanent formwork. The experimental studies were carried out in two steps: I pipes (2 specimens) were tested by the internal hydrostatic pressure II pipes (2 specimens), including a hydraulically-tested specimen, were tested by the three-way load (according to GOST 6482). During the tests, formation and opening of cracks in longitudinal cross-sections of pipe wall was registered. It was found that strength characteristics of integrated reinforced-concrete composite pipes provide their load-carrying capacity against both the internal hydraulic pressure and the external (three-way) load applied. Thus, when reference loads in terms of crack resistance were applied, there were no cracks in longitudinal cross-sections of pipes when reference loads in terms of strength were applied, the crack opening width never exceeded 0.05 mm. Also, both with the internal pressure and the three-way load applied, the crack opening widths in longitudinal cross-sections of a reinforced-concrete cage were significantly (1.52.5 times) less than the corresponding values resulting from pipe design calculations carried out in accordance with procedures being in force.Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований трещиностойкости железобетонно-стеклокомпозитных напорных труб при действии трехлинейной нагрузки и внутреннего гидростатического давления. Трубы предназначены для строительства напорных трубопроводов методом бестраншейной прокладки (методом микротоннелирования). Конструктивные решения и рабочие чертежи труб разработаны РУП Институт БелНИИС по заказу ПО Стеклокомпозит (Россия). Трубы выполнены комплексными и состоят из внешней толстостенной железобетонной трубы (обоймы), охватывающей стеклокомпозитную трубу-вкладыш. Исследования произведены с использованием натурных образцов труб внутренним диаметром 800 мм и длиной ( полезной ) 3000 мм. Суммарная толщина стенки трубы составляла 138 мм при толщине стеклокомпозитного вкладыша 10 мм. Трубы изготовлены в вертикальном положении методом виброформования. При укладке бетонной смеси стеклокомпозитная труба-вкладыш, состыкованная со стеклокомпозитной муфтой, использовалась как несъемная опалубка. Экспериментальные исследования выполнены в два этапа: I трубы (2 образца) испытаны внутренним гидравлическим давлением II трубы (2 образца), в т. ч. образец, прошедший гидравлические испытания, испытаны трехлинейной нагрузкой (по ГОСТ 6482). В процессе испытаний фиксировали образование и раскрытие трещин в продольных сечениях стенки трубы. Установлено, что прочностные характеристики комплексных железобетонно-композитных напорных труб обеспечивают их несущую способность как при внутреннем гидравлическом давлении, так и под действием внешней (трехлинейной) нагрузки. Так, при контрольных нагрузках по трещиностойкости трещины в продольных сечениях труб отсутствовали, а при контрольных нагрузках по прочности ширина раскрытия трещин не превышала 0,05 мм. При этом как при действии внутреннего давления, так и при трехлинейной нагрузке ширина раскрытия трещин в продольных сечениях железобетонной обоймы существенно (в 1,52,5 раза) меньше, чем соответствующие значения, полученные в результате расчета труб по действующим методикам.
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Kodsy, Antonio, Magued G. Iskander, and Akash Sampurnanand Pandey. "Universal Criterion for Interpreting Capacity from Load Tests on Piles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, May 9, 2022, 036119812210846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981221084686.
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Interpretation of field load tests on piles has many important practical and financial implications in foundation engineering practice. However, identifying the ultimate capacity or resistance on a continuous load settlement curve remains elusive. The geotechnical engineering literature abounds with over 40 criteria to aid in interpreting the ultimate capacity from static load tests on deep foundations. These include settlement, settlement rate, offset, and creep criteria, among others. Since the 1990s criteria proposed by Davisson, AASHTO, and New York City Building Code as well as the 5% and 10% of diameter criteria have evolved to become the most routinely specified for all foundations, without assessing their performance or what they have been intended for. This study provides a side-by-side comparison of the performance of these methods in relation to usability, accuracy, precision, and length and diameter effects. In addition, the performance is also compared with the recently developed NYU criterion where the capacity is taken as the smallest of (i) a settlement corresponding to the elastic compression plus 0.75 in.; (ii) the capacity at plunging or strain-softening; or (iii) settlement corresponding to 5% of the pile diameter, unless the settlement threshold is modified by the structural engineer of record. Assessment is made possible using a database of 350 load tests conducted on square and round concrete piles, open and closed steel pipe piles, as well as H-piles. Comparison suggests that the NYU criterion is the most versatile, precise, and accurate among the examined methods.
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Yusup, Muhammad, Yunus Ashari, and Noor Fauzi Isniarno. "Perencanaan Sistem Penyaliran Tambang pada Blok Selatan Iup Op Timah Primer di UPTP PT Timah Batubesi Desa Burongmandi, Kecamatan Damar, Kabupaten Belitung Timur, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung." Bandung Conference Series: Mining Engineering 2, no. 1 (January 21, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcsme.v2i1.1998.
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Abstract. UPTP PT Timah Batubesi is a company unit of PT Timah Tbk that carries out onshore mining activities for tin metal which is located in Burongmandi Village, Damar District, East Belitung Regency, Bangka-Belitung Islands Province. Prevention and control of runoff in the area of block 4 IUP OP UPTP. The research method used to calculate the distribution of rainfall data and the volume of runoff water that enters the catchment of the research area for the needs of sump design, trench design, and settling pond design, is by using the frequency distribution analysis method, the mononobe method, and the E.J. method. Gumble and rational methods. The runoff water discharge value is sought from the rainfall value of 26.67 mm/day, rainfall intensity 9.24 mm/hour, catchment area 110.57 Ha, coefficient of runoff entering the mining area 0.9, obtained a discharge of 2 ,56 m3/sec. For the mine sump, the plan to accommodate runoff water is 15,033.42 m3/day located in pit block 4 with a design dimension of 50 m base length, 60 m surface length, 5 m depth, 45o sump wall slope, the mine sump volume is 15,096.67 m3. Overcoming runoff water that is accommodated in the mine sump by calculating the need for a pump of 1-unit multiflo MF420EXHV pump, with a pump discharge of 0.266m3/second with a total head of 171.37 m. Runoff water that is outside the catchment area of the pit, especially runoff water at the disposal will be directed to a ditch which is divided into 10 segments. The trench is designed in a trapezoidal shape and there are two culverts using precest concrete culverts it takes 40 pieces with a pipe diameter of 500mm. With this design, it can drain runoff water of 3.14 m3/second. This trench outlet will be accommodated by a settling pond in each compartment of 81 m wide, 70 m long, and 3 m deep.
Abstrak. UPTP PT Timah Batubesi merupakan unit perusahaan dari PT Timah Tbk yang melakukan kegiatan pertambangan darat untuk komoditas logam timah yang terletak di Desa Burongmandi, Kecamatan Damar, Kabupaten Belitung Timur, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung. Pencegahan dan penanggulangan air limpasan pada daerah blok 4 IUP OP UPTP. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghitung distribusi data curah hujan dan volume air limpasan yang masuk dalam catchment area penelitian untuk kebutuhan desain sump, desain paritan, dan desain settling pond, yaitung dengan menggunakan metode analisis distribusi frekuensi, metode mononobe, metode E.J. .Gumble dan metode rasional. Nilai debit air limpasan yang dicari dari nilai curah hujan sebesar 26,67 mm/hari, intensitas curah hujan 9,24 mm/jam, luas catchment area 110,57 Ha, koefisien limpasan masuk lahan daerah tambang 0,9, didapatkan debit sebesar 2,56 m3/detik. Untuk mine sump rencana menampung air limpasan sebesar 15.033,42 m3/hari terletak pada pit blok 4 dengan dimensi rencana panjang alas 50 m, panjang permukaan 60m, kedalaman 5 m, kemiringan dinding sump 45o, didapatkan volume mine sump sebesar 15.096,67 m3. Penanggulangan air limpasan yang tertampung pada mine sump dengan menghitung kebutuhan pompa sebanyak 1-unit pompa multiflo MF420EXHV, dengan debit pompa sebesar 0,266m3/detik dengan total head sebesar 171,37 m. Air limpasan yang berada di luar catchment area pit terutama air limpasan pada disposal akan diarahkan dengan paritan yang dibagi menjadi 10 segmen. Paritan didesain berbentuk trapesium dan ada dua gorong-gorong dengan menggunakan gorong-gorong beton precest dibutuhkan 40 buah dengan diameter pipa sebesar 500mm. dengan desain tersebut dapat mengalirkan air limpasan sebesar 3,14 m3/detik. Outlet paritan ini akan ditampung oleh settling pond setiap kompartemen lebar 81 m, panjang 70 m, dan kedalaman 3 m.