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Motta, Mariele Katherine Faria 1983. "The dark universe = observables and degeneracies = O universo escuro : observáveis e degenerecências." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278597.
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Orientador: Pedro Cunha de Holanda<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T06:10:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2013<br>Resumo: Gostaríamos de explorar as consequências da ausência de conhecimento prévio sobre o modelo correto para energia escura que permita interpretar as observações cosmológicas. A magnitude das distorções no espaço de redshift e da lente gravitacional fraca é determinada pela métrica na quais galáxias e luzes se propagam. Mostramos que, com observações precisas o suficiente, é possível utilizar estes dados para reconstruir a métrica no nosso cone de luz passado e portanto, o stress-anisotrópico e os potenciais gravitacionais podem ser medidos independentemente de modelo. Exploramos a degenerescência escura, ou o fato de que matéria e energia escura são indistinguíveis pois afetam o setor visível apenas através dos potenciais gravitacionais que produzem. Esta degenerescência permanece a menos que se suponha um modelo para energia escura: o bias entre galáxias e perturbações de matéria escura não pode ser determinado; e apenas quando o princípio da equivalência é assegurado, pode-se identificar a velocidade da matéria escura com a das galáxias. Mesmo com estas limitações, é possível construir testes para classes de modelos de energia escura que se baseiam em medidas em diferentes escalas e redshifts e não dependem de parametrizações ou condições iniciais. Demonstramos como se pode descartar a classe mais geral de modelos escalares-tensoriais sem precisar supor a validade do regime quasi-estático. Finalmente, discutimos como a degenerência escura se manifesta em uma análise dependente de modelo<br>Abstract: We would like to explore the consequences of having no prior knowledge about the correct model for dark energy that would allow us to interpret observations. The magnitude of redshift-space distortions and weak gravitational lensing is determined by the metric on which galaxies and light propagate. With precise enough observations it is then possible to use this data to reconstruct the metric on our past lightcone, therefore anisotropic stress and gravitational potentials can be measured in a model-independent way. We explore the dark degeneracy, or the fact that dark matter and dark energy are indistinguishable, for they affect the visible sector only through the gravitational potential they produce. This degeneracy remains unless a dark energy model is provided: the bias between dark matter and galaxies cannot be determined; and only when the Equivalence Principle is valid, one can identify the velocities of dark matter with that of the galaxies. In spite of these limitations, it is possible to construct tests for classes of dark energy models that are based on measurements at different scales and redshifts and do not depend on parametrizations or initial conditions. We demonstrate how one can rule out the most general class of scalar-tensor models without having to assume quasi-staticity. Finally, we discuss how the dark degeneracy manifests itself in a model-dependent analysis<br>Doutorado<br>Física<br>Doutora em Ciências
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McCabe, Gordon. "Universe creation." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394235.
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Benson, Emily A. "A Second Universe." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2507.
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A SECOND UNIVERSE is a memoir-in-essays that traces the author’s coming of age and her pursuit of self-discovery, belonging, and healing in all its forms. The book opens in the past, diving into the lives of the author’s parents before she was born and shedding light on the many obstacles they overcame to bring her earth-side. Set against the backdrop of the Southern Utah deserts and the clarity the author finds in the natural world, these essays wind through the author’s different childhood homes, down the lonely and desolate road of a sister’s addiction, and into the darkness that comes as she braces for her father’s impending blindness. Similar to Brenda Miller’s LISTENING AGAINST THE STONE, this collection explores the inherent desire for human connection and spiritual insight that we search for in the places we live, the people we love, and the nature that surrounds us.
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Bjöörn, Christopher, and Jacob Johnsson. "Universe-defining rules." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för teknik och estetik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4938.
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Abstrakt I detta arbete undersöks hur konceptet lek går att applicera på digitala spel och hur man presenterar ett fiktivt universum och de regler som definierar det universumet. Syftet med denna undersökning är att öka kvaliteten på digitala spel för spelare genom att öka förståelsen för hur sådana regler introduceras. Frågeställningen som ämnas att besvaras är “hur kan man introducera realistiska, semi-realistiska och fiktiva regler i ett spel?”. Undersökningen baseras delvis på analyser kring varför vissa introduktioner av regler ofta accepteras och andra inte, dels på utvärdering av en gestaltning och dels på tidigare forskning. Denna undersökning är indelad i två delar; en researchdel och en produktionsdel. För att besvara frågan har research skett kring vad som känns till sedan tidigare och ett digitalt spel har producerats där den stora regeln som skiljer verkligheten från detta fiktiva universum är paranormal aktivitet, eller spöken. Nyckelord: regler, magisk cirkel, inlevelse och spelproduktion. Abstract In this work the concept of play and how it may be applied to digital games and how to introduce a fictional universe and the rules that define that universe is being investigated. The purpose of this work is to increase the quality of digital games by increasing our understanding of how such rules may be introduced. The question to be answered is “how may realistic, semi-realistic and fictional rules be introduced in a digital game?”. This work is based partly on analyses on why some introductions of rules are often accepted and some often not, partly on evaluation of a product created by us and partly on earlier research. This work is split into two parts; one research part and one production part. To answer the question research about what is previously known has been conducted and a digital game has been produced where the main rule that separates the fictional universe from ours is paranormal activity, or ghosts. Keywords: Rules, magical circle, immersion and game production.<br>Detta är en reflektionsdel till en digital medieproduktion.
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Nashaat, Sherif. "Powell's realizability universe." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101645.
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After a brief introduction to the main results of Recursion Theory, we present the notion of Partial Applicative Structures (PAS). We follow that with a brief discussion of the axioms of Intuitionistic Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory (IZF). We then present the construction of a P -valued model of IZF where P is a Powell Algebra derived from a PAS. We follow this with a detailed discussion of the Realizability Universe, the P -valued model when P is derived from Kleene's PAS. Using the model above, we shall establish some independence and consistency results. The main result of the essay is to show that Strong Church's Thesis is consistent with IZF relative to IZF.
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Galstyan, Irina. "Black-Hole Universe." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-149311.
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In this contribution, we have constructed new analytical solutions for initial data of the Einstein equations. Such solutions are valuable for gaining a better understanding of problems involving strong gravitational and/or electromagnetic interactions in general relativity. In this process, we have examined an inhomogeneous cosmological model consisting a lattice of regularly arranged, charged black holes with initial data corresponding to the maximum expansion of a cosmological solution. We have also refined the method in such a way that the values of the mass and charge of the sources can be prescribed beforehand subject to certain constraints dictated by the field equations.
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Shappee, Benjamin J. "The Transient Universe." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1403785567.
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Vaccaro, Santo Gabriel. "Arrabalde e universo." Florianópolis, SC, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/92364.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T08:11:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
266540.pdf: 1048602 bytes, checksum: 79ca3a2d0ced4828232994802c23f75e (MD5)<br>Neste trabalho se explora a visão sobre a linguagem em alguns textos de Jorge Luis Borges em três períodos de escrita, os textos iniciais (1918-1925), os textos da sua primeira etapa (1925-1928) e os da segunda etapa (posteriores a 1930). Nestas etapas são identificados e comparados os elementos que caracterizam a tematização da linguagem. Assim, a escrita borgeana é analisada na sua profunda reflexão sobre as diversas temáticas lingüísticas e filosóficas que envolvem o estudo da linguagem, desde a análise da língua espanhola e de uma postura regionalista até as considerações universalistas que abordam a relação entre linguagem e realidade, bem como a partir de óticas convencionalistas e naturalistas que vêem na linguagem um sistema de signos arbitrários ou relacionados com as coisas às quais as palavras se referem.
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Hope, Ashley W. "The Everyday Universe." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2517.
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I take inspiration from ordinary objects and materials. Through photography, I attempt to transcend the familiar to discover complexity within the bits and pieces of my everyday life. Like other artistic representations, a photograph is a singular portrayal, not an actualization of physical reality. My artistic exploration of this involves incorporating elements of abstraction to point to the truth that all photographs are, by nature, an abstraction of our physical reality based on perspective. The resulting images often share a quality of impermanence, counterbalanced by the act of making a photographic document. By evoking this temporal quality of photography and abstracting familiar materials and surfaces, I aim to create a playful tension in my imagery.
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Dong, Dong. "Some bubble universe." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6726.
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Pujol, Vallribera Arnau. "Cosmology with galaxy surveys: how galaxies trace mass at large scales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385515.
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Els cartografiats galàctics són una eina important per la cosmologia. No obstant això, la majoria de la matèria està en forma de matèria fosca, que no interacciona amb la llum. Per tant, les galàxies que observem des dels nostres telescopis són una petita fracció de la matèria total de l'univers. Per això és necessari entendre la connexió entre galàxies i matèria fosca per tal d'inferir la distribució de tota la matèria de l'univers a partir dels cartografiats galàctics.
Les simulacions són una eina important per a predir la formació i evolució de les estructures de matèria fosca i galàxies. Les simulacions permeten estudiar l'impacte de diferents cosmologies i models de formació de galàxies en les estructures a gran escala finals que formen les galàxies i la matèria.
A gran escala, les fluctuacions de densitat de galàxies a gran escala són proporcionals a les fluctuacions de matèria per un factor anomenat bias galàctic. Aquest factor permet inferir la distribució de matèria total a partir de la distribució de galàxies, i per tant el coneixement del bias galàctic té un impacte molt important en els nostres estudis cosmològics. Aquesta tesi doctoral està focalitzada en l'estudi del bias galàctic i el bias d'halos a grans escales.
Hi ha diferents tècniques per a estudiar el bias galàctic, en aquesta tesi ens focalitzem en dues d'elles. La primera tècnica utilitza l'anomendat Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD), que assumeix que les galàxies poblen halos de matèria fosca només segons la massa dels halos. No obstant això, aquesta hipòtesi no sempre és suficientment precisa. Utilitzem la simulació Millennium per a estudiar el bias galàctic i d'halos, la dependència en la massa del bias d'halos i els seus efectes en les prediccions del bias galàctic. Trobem que l'ocupació de galàxies en halos no depèn només de la seva massa, i assumir això causa un error en la predicció del bias galàctic. També estudiem la dependència del bias d'halos en l'ambient, i mostrem que l'ambient restringeix molt més el bias que la massa. Quan un conjunt de galàxies és seleccionat per propietats que estan correlacionades amb l'ambient, l'assumpció de que el bias d'halos només depèn de la massa falla. Mostrem que en aquests casos utilitzant la dependència en l'ambient del bias d'halos produeix una predicció del bias galàctic molt més bona.
Una altra tècnica per estudiar el bias galàctic és utilitzant Weak gravitational lensing per mesurar directament la massa en observacions. Weak lensing és el camp que estudia les distorsions lleus en les imatges de les galàxies degut a la deflexió de la llum produïda per la distribució de matèria del davant de la galàxia. Aquestes distorsions permeten inferir la distribució a gran escala de la matèria total. Desenvolupem i estudiem un nou mètode per mesurar el bias galàctic a partir de la combinació dels mapes de weak lensing i el camp de distribució de galàxies. El mètode consisteix en reconstruïr el mapa de weak lensing a partir de la distribució de les galàxies de davant del mapa. El bias és mesurat a partir de les correlacions entre el mapa de weak lensing reconstruït i el real. Testegem diferents sistemàtics del mètode i estudiem en quins règims el mètode és consistent amb altres mètodes per mesurar el bias lineal. Trobem que podem mesurar el bias galàctic utilitzant aquesta tècnica. Aquest mètode és un bon complement d'altres mètodes per mesurar el bias galàctic, perquè utilitza assumpcions diferents. Juntes, les diferents tècniques per mesurar el bias galàctic permetran restringir millor el bias galàctic i la cosmologia en els futurs cartografiats galàctics.<br>Galaxy surveys are an important tool for cosmology. The distribution of galaxies allow us to study the formation of structures and their evolution, which are needed ingredients to study the evolution and content of the Universe. However, most of the matter is made of dark matter, which gravitates but does not interact with light. Hence, the galaxies that we observe from our telescopes only represent a small fraction of the total mass of the Universe. Because of this, we need to understand the connection between galaxies and dark matter in order to infer the total mass distribution of the Universe from galaxy surveys.
Simulations are an important tool to predict the structure formation and evolution of dark matter and galaxy formation. Simulations allow us to study the impact of different cosmologies and galaxy formation models on the final large scale structures that galaxies and matter form. Simulations are also useful to calibrate our tools before applying them to real surveys.
At large scales, galaxies trace the matter distribution. In particular, the galaxy density fluctuations at large scales are proportional to the underlying matter fluctuations by a factor that is called galaxy bias. This factor allows us to infer the total matter distribution from the distribution of galaxies, and hence knowledge of galaxy bias has a very important impact on our cosmological studies. This PhD thesis is focused on the study of galaxy and halo bias at large scales.
There are several techniques to study galaxy bias, here we focus on two of them. The first technique is the Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) model, that assumes that galaxies populate dark matter haloes depending only on the halo mass. With this hypothesis and a halo bias model, we can relate galaxy clustering with matter clustering and halo occupation. However, this hypothesis is not always accurate enough. We use the Millennium Simulation to study galaxy and halo bias, the halo mass dependence of halo bias, and its effects on galaxy bias prediction. We find that the halo occupation of galaxies does not only depend on mass, and assuming so causes an error in the galaxy bias predictions. We also study the environmental dependence of halo bias, and we show that environment constrains much more bias than mass. When a galaxy sample is selected by properties that are correlated with environment, the assumption that halo bias only depends on mass fails. We show that in these cases using the environmental dependence of halo bias produces a much better prediction of galaxy bias.
Another technique to study galaxy bias is by using weak gravitational lensing to directly measure mass. Weak lensing is the field that studies the weak image distortions of galaxies due to the light deflections produced by the presence of a foreground mass distribution. Theses distortions can be used to infer the total mass (baryonic and dark) distribution at large scales. We develop and study a new method to measure bias from the combination of weak lensing and galaxy density fields. The method consists on reconstructing the weak lensing maps from the distribution of the foreground galaxies. Bias is then measured from the correlations between the reconstructed and real weak lensing fields. We test the different systematics of the method and the regimes where this method is consistent with other methods to measure linear bias. We find that we can measure galaxy bias using this technique. This method is a good complement to other methods to measure bias because it uses different assumptions. Together the different techniques will allow to constrain better bias and cosmology in future surveys.
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Fróes, André Luís Delvas 1985. "Inflação vetorial : uma introdução." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277283.
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Orientador: Alberto Vazquez Saa<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T05:40:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: O foco do presente trabalho é a realização de períodos inflacionários baseados em campos vetoriais. Os conhecimentos necessários para atingir esse objetivo foram introduzidos de maneira sistemática, na ordem em que o autor julgou mais lógica. No primeiro capítulo são descritos numerosos detalhes acerca de nosso Universo e da capacidade atual de observá-lo. No segundo, apresenta-se o modelo cosmológico padrão. São também apresentados os alguns dos principais resultados da Relatividade Geral, a partir dos quais constroem-se os fundamentos teóricos da Cosmologia. No terceiro capítulo a teoria in acionária é estudada, e são comentados seus resultados mais importantes e modelos mais conhecidos, baseados em campos escalares. No quarto capítulo inicia-se o estudo de períodos in acionários utilizando campos vetoriais. Esse assunto despertou a atenção e gerou diversas publicações ao longo do ano de 2008. Por fim, são apresentadas as impressões do autor e as perspectivas futuras da área são delineadas.<br>Abstract: The main point of the present work is the realisation of in ationary periods based on vector fields. The knowledge needed to achieve this objective were introduced in a systematic manner, in the order that the author found more logical. In the first chapter numerous details about our universe and the present capacity to observe it were described. In the second, the standard model of cosmology is presented. Some of the most important results of General Relativity and observational cosmology are also presented, and on these grounds the theoretical fundaments of Cosmology are estabilished. In the third chapter in ationary cosmology is studied, and its most important results and some well known models based on scalar fields are presented. In the fourth chapter begins the study of in ationary periods that uses vector fields. This subject attracted attention and generated many papers in the year of 2008. At last, the author¿s impressions and future perspectives in the subject are presented.<br>Mestrado<br>Cosmologia<br>Mestre em Física
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Clunan, Timothy Peter. "The primordial universe : instantons, the ghost spectrum and the closed universe bispectrum." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608826.
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Iannelli, Federica. "Universo di de Sitter." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21915/.
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Lo scopo dell'elaborato è di studiare la geometria di de Sitter ovvero la soluzione nel vuoto delle equazioni di Einstein con un termine cosmologico.
La trattazione viene sviluppata in due capitoli.
Il primo capitolo vuole motivare l'interesse alla soluzione di de Sitter presentando due fasi dell'evoluzione dell'universo, l'inflazione cosmologica e l'attuale espansione
accelerata, entrambe descrivibili approssimativamente dalla geometria di de Sitter.
Il secondo capitolo si concentra sull'analisi dello spaziotempo di de Sitter descrivendolo in quattro diversi sistemi di coordinate, analizzandone le geodetiche e studiandone la struttura causale attraverso i diagrammi di Penrose.
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Moode, Michelle C. "Pieces of the universe." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5198.
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Thesis (M.F.A.)--West Virginia University, 2007.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 57 p. : col. ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-54).
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Lawlor, Graham. "Language of the universe." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55752/.
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This thesis consists of a sequence of five scripts for a television series that seeks to articulate the history of mathematics through key events and figures. Programme One examines the idea of zero, while Programme Two looks at how much of geometry was developed by mathematicians who examined the stars and led on to Einstein's work on relativity. Programme Three explores the history of codes and Programme Four complements this by examining how understanding triangles in different contexts was used to solve contemporary problems. Finally, Programme Five looks at an area of mathematics that many people find counter-intuitive, the measurement of chance events. Behind the series lies the desire both to entertain and educate the audience, but also to demonstrate how the art of the documentary can be applied to science topics in a dramatic and imaginative way. The question of the documentary and its nature is discussed in the initial critical chapters that chart the development of the programmes and discuss the creative and technical issues they raise, together with a reflection on the learning process involved in their writing.
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Lee, Kai Yan. "Heating the early Universe." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för astronomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-114178.
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Belece, Deolinda Maria Barbosa. "As Cores do universo." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10026.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino da Astronomia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto<br>A Astronomia teve origem nas necessidades práticas do Homem. A sua base científica foi, e é ainda hoje, a observação, embora os métodos actualmente usados nada tenham em comum com as primeiras observações. A evolução que se verificou nos métodos observacionais, foi consequência do progresso tecnológico e científico em diferentes áreas do Conhecimento, com destaque para a Física, a Química e a Matemática. Importa salientar os estudos sobre a natureza da luz, suas propriedades e comportamento, pois esta constitui a fonte de informação fundamental sobre os corpos celestes. A construção de telescópios e detectores, com desempenhos superiores à visão humana, e o estabelecimento da análise espectral proporcionaram o alargamento do campo de investigação da Astronomia. Actualmente, são efectuadas observações em todas as regiões do espectro electromagnético, o que veio confirmar a relevância do trinómio luz-cor-informação. No sentido de tornar acessíveis alguns fenómenos que ocorrem no Universo, reveste-se de especial importância a concretização de representações experimentais. Na presente dissertação, organizada em seis capítulos, são abordados estes aspectos, inseridos na temática da cor, no contexto do Universo.
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Keefe, Martha L. (Martha Lundin). "Excuses for the Universe." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc504600/.
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We create fictions--personal and literary--to cope with fear, and it is our choice whether or not these inventions affirm life. This collection presents many ways of "making excuses for the universe," both from a personal standpoint and also by using the voices and visions of created characters. The collection contains a section of family poems and three sets of character poems: Beverly and Nanci, Strange Mary, and Blue Donna. Following each section are two related poems for transition or amplification. The poems show a progressive change in writing techniques, especially experimentation with sound, as well as pursuing the central theme that perception is a desirable goal, well worth the price.
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Bae, Jeon Ah. "Reincarnating the micro universe /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/7792.
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Belece, Deolinda Maria Barbosa. "As Cores do universo." Dissertação, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10026.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino da Astronomia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto<br>A Astronomia teve origem nas necessidades práticas do Homem. A sua base científica foi, e é ainda hoje, a observação, embora os métodos actualmente usados nada tenham em comum com as primeiras observações. A evolução que se verificou nos métodos observacionais, foi consequência do progresso tecnológico e científico em diferentes áreas do Conhecimento, com destaque para a Física, a Química e a Matemática. Importa salientar os estudos sobre a natureza da luz, suas propriedades e comportamento, pois esta constitui a fonte de informação fundamental sobre os corpos celestes. A construção de telescópios e detectores, com desempenhos superiores à visão humana, e o estabelecimento da análise espectral proporcionaram o alargamento do campo de investigação da Astronomia. Actualmente, são efectuadas observações em todas as regiões do espectro electromagnético, o que veio confirmar a relevância do trinómio luz-cor-informação. No sentido de tornar acessíveis alguns fenómenos que ocorrem no Universo, reveste-se de especial importância a concretização de representações experimentais. Na presente dissertação, organizada em seis capítulos, são abordados estes aspectos, inseridos na temática da cor, no contexto do Universo.
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Tighe-Pigott, Katharine. "THE ELEGANT UNIVERSE: STORIES." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/81.
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The Elegant Universe: Stories is a story collection featuring female characters unflinching in their self-appraisal, and wry in their humor, who explore the realities of their heterosexual relationships, particularly the weighty decision whether to have children or not in these dark and terrifying times. Sometimes funny, sometimes sad, the stories collected here explore the various, subtle modes of threat that are the palpable part of the experience of being a woman—not in society, or in the workplace, but primarily inside relationships with men. At the same time, the stories own that love can grow between men and women despite the near and present poison of misogyny. They own the miracle of motherhood while depicting the palpable fragility of new life and the proximity of mothers to unstoppable wreckage and ruin.
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Basílio, João Manuel Henriques. "O Universo à nossa escala : Algumas analogias para melhor compreender grandezas no Universo." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10095.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino da Astronomia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto<br>As dimensões dos objectos celestes é de tal ordem que, muitas vezes, se perde a noção do seu tamanho, das distâncias a que se encontram, a energia que libertam ou o tempo necessário a alcançá-los. Para ajudar a perceber melhor essas dimensões procuraremos apresentar alguns exemplos comparativos do nosso dia-a-dia e, sempre que possível, com ilustrações de forma a tornar as dimensões do Universo mais acessíveis à nossa compreensão. Começaremos por apresentar alguns dados físicos dos planetas que constituem o Sistema Solar, nomeadamente as distâncias a que se encontram e as suas dimensões, comparando-as com a dimensão do Sol. O Sistema Solar é descrito com algum pormenor relativamente à dimensão de cada planeta e algumas das suas características são apresentadas por comparação e analogia com objectos ou áreas de superfície terrestres conhecidas, mais acessíveis à compreensão humana. Citamos, o Monte Olympus, em Marte, que é cerca de 3 vezes mais alto que o monte Evereste ou os anéis de Júpiter, em que a espessura e dimensão do planeta é comparável à altura de uma lata de coca-cola com a altura da CN Tower. Apresentaremos também alguns modelos construídos à escala, cujo objectivo é permitir visualizar a três dimensões os corpos celestes: modelos que relacionam dimensões dos planetas e o satélite natural de maior dimensão que o orbita; modelo tridimensional do Sistema Solar construído com objectos de fácil acesso, mostrando o Sol como um gigante em comparação com os planetas; localização da órbitas dos planetas sobre o mapa de Portugal, supondo que o Sol se situaria em Faro e Plutão em Melgaço comprimindo, deste modo, o Sistema Solar à dimensão de Portugal ou indicando um elefante e um girino como animais que têm a mesma proporção que existe entre a massa do Sol e a da Terra. Para além do Sistema Solar, as dimensões aumentam brutalmente passando o Sol a ser um anão em comparação com estrelas supergigantes, como Betelgeuse. Devido à sua proximidade da Terra, o Sol ...
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Basílio, João Manuel Henriques. "O Universo à nossa escala : Algumas analogias para melhor compreender grandezas no Universo." Dissertação, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10095.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ensino da Astronomia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto<br>As dimensões dos objectos celestes é de tal ordem que, muitas vezes, se perde a noção do seu tamanho, das distâncias a que se encontram, a energia que libertam ou o tempo necessário a alcançá-los. Para ajudar a perceber melhor essas dimensões procuraremos apresentar alguns exemplos comparativos do nosso dia-a-dia e, sempre que possível, com ilustrações de forma a tornar as dimensões do Universo mais acessíveis à nossa compreensão. Começaremos por apresentar alguns dados físicos dos planetas que constituem o Sistema Solar, nomeadamente as distâncias a que se encontram e as suas dimensões, comparando-as com a dimensão do Sol. O Sistema Solar é descrito com algum pormenor relativamente à dimensão de cada planeta e algumas das suas características são apresentadas por comparação e analogia com objectos ou áreas de superfície terrestres conhecidas, mais acessíveis à compreensão humana. Citamos, o Monte Olympus, em Marte, que é cerca de 3 vezes mais alto que o monte Evereste ou os anéis de Júpiter, em que a espessura e dimensão do planeta é comparável à altura de uma lata de coca-cola com a altura da CN Tower. Apresentaremos também alguns modelos construídos à escala, cujo objectivo é permitir visualizar a três dimensões os corpos celestes: modelos que relacionam dimensões dos planetas e o satélite natural de maior dimensão que o orbita; modelo tridimensional do Sistema Solar construído com objectos de fácil acesso, mostrando o Sol como um gigante em comparação com os planetas; localização da órbitas dos planetas sobre o mapa de Portugal, supondo que o Sol se situaria em Faro e Plutão em Melgaço comprimindo, deste modo, o Sistema Solar à dimensão de Portugal ou indicando um elefante e um girino como animais que têm a mesma proporção que existe entre a massa do Sol e a da Terra. Para além do Sistema Solar, as dimensões aumentam brutalmente passando o Sol a ser um anão em comparação com estrelas supergigantes, como Betelgeuse. Devido à sua proximidade da Terra, o Sol ...
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Conceição, Martha Silva. "ANFÍBIOS: REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE ACADÊMICOS DO CURSO DE PEDAGOGIA E IMPLICAÇÕES NA PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA." Centro Universitário Franciscano, 2017. http://www.tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/589.
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Previous issue date: 2017-05-18<br>This study aimed to verify the social representations of amphibians, as created by teacher education students, and the implications of these representations for their teaching practice. Therefore, a qualitative research based on the Theory of Social Representations was developed and focused on female undergraduate students from a private higher education institution located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Data was collected through the Focus Group research method and, as a consequence, three focus groups were conducted. In the first group, we aimed to identify the study participants’ social representations of amphibians; in the second group, we aimed to verify what they already knew about the topic and how such a knowledge has been developed; and, in the third group, it was discussed which aspects related to the topic could be approached and developed among Early Childhood and Primary Education students. The study itself had eight participants, who were enrolled in the subject of Science Teaching I from the sixth semester, and has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Franciscan University of Santa Maria. The results showed that most of the representations created by the students refer to the consensual universe of social representations. Nevertheless, the participants showed an interest in collecting information that would allow them to approach knowledge in the reified universe. Most of the participants remembered to have studied about amphibians, that is, the conceptual and general aspects of this topic especially in elementary school. It is important to highlight that teachers are supposed to master scientific knowledge in order to approach this knowledge with their students with intellectual property, thus fostering their curiosity, interest and creative thinking. In addition, it is expected that they are able to improve the consensual universe knowledge that the students already have, thus, reconstructing it. To conclude, further studies that investigate teachers’ social representations of living beings need to be developed.<br>O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as representações sociais construídas por acadêmicos de um curso de Pedagogia em relação aos anfíbios e suas implicações na sua prática pedagógica. Assim, norteada pela Teoria das Representações Sociais foi conduzida uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa cujos sujeitos foram acadêmicas de um curso de Pedagogia de uma instituição de ensino privada do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da técnica do Grupo Focal. Foram realizados três grupos focais, no primeiro buscou-se conhecer as representações sociais dos sujeitos da pesquisa em relação aos anfíbios; no segundo buscou-se verificar o que os sujeitos da pesquisa sabem em relação à temática e como estes conhecimentos foram construídos; e, no terceiro fez-se uma reflexão acerca dos aspectos relacionados à temática que poderiam ser abordados com os alunos dos anos iniciais e da educação infantil. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Centro Universitário Franciscano. Participaram do estudo oito acadêmicas matriculadas na disciplina de Ensino de Ciências I, sexto semestre. Os resultados apontam que as representações expressas dizem respeito, de modo geral, ao universo consensual. Porém, as participantes demonstraram curiosidade e interesse em construir informações que lhe permitissem uma aproximação aos conhecimentos do universo reificado. A maioria das participantes lembrou de ter estudado a temática anfíbios, principalmente, no ensino fundamental e lembraram de aspectos conceituais e gerais dessa temática. É importante destacar que os professores precisam dominar os conhecimentos científicos para abordá-los com seus alunos com propriedade, desenvolvendo a curiosidade, criticidade e o interesse. Além de possibilitar que os conhecimentos do universo consensual que os alunos apresentam, possam ser reconstruídos. Mais estudos que investiguem as representações sociais de professores em relação aos seres vivos precisam ser desenvolvidos.
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Batista, Ronaldo Carlotto. "Soluções atratoras e isocurvatura em modelos de energia escura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-08052014-142702/.
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Recentes observações astrofísicas, em especial de supernovas tipo Ia e das anisotropias da radiação cósmica de fundo, indicam que recentemente na história do universo um tipo desconhecido de energia passou a dominar sua evolução induzindo uma expansão acelerada. Esta componente misteriosa ficou conhecida como energia escura. Nosso objetivo é o estudo da energia escura, através de modelos com constante cosmológica, campo escalar canônico e com o campo de Born-Infeld. Para os modelos com campo escalar, usando potenciais tipo lei de potência, estudamos soluções atratoras para a evolução homogênea. Também estudamos, na aproximação de largas escalas, soluções atratoras para as perturbações dos campos escalares. Mostramos que, para modelos de energia escura com campo escalar canônico, as soluções atratoras a nível perturbativo não geram modos de isocurvatura. Para o campo de Born-Infeld, fazemos uma análise de estabilidade de suas soluções atratoras a nível perturbativo, determinamos em que circunstâncias elas podem gerar modos de isocurvatura. Para os modelos de energia escura mais realistas, estes modos tendem a ser pequenos.<br>Recent astrophysical observations, specially supernova type Ia and cosmic microwave back ground anisotropies, indicate that recently in the history of the universe, some unknown type of energy is dominating its evolution and inducing an accelerated expansion. This mysterious component has been named dark energy. Our aim is to study dark energy, by using cosmological constant, canonical scalar field and Born-Infeld scalar field models. In the models with scalar field, using power law potentials, we study attractor solutions for the homogeneous evolution. We also study, in the large scale approximation, attractor solutions for the scalar field perturbations. We show that, for models with canonical sca lar field , the attractor solutions for its perturbations do not generate isocurvature modes. For the Born-Infeld scalar field, we analyze the stability of its attractor solutions in the perturbative levei, and we determine in which case they can generate isocurvature modes. For the more realistic dark energy models, these modes tend to be small.
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Chavez, Hugo Orlando Camacho. "Estruturas em larga escala e o Dark Energy Survey." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-14112014-152314/.
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Experimentos modernos com observações das posições e redshifts de galáxias em grandes áreas do céu representam uma poderosa ferramenta para a investigação de modelos cosmológicos. Entretanto, estas observações trazem consigo novos desafios práticos e teóricos para a extração da informação contida nos dados. Esta dissertação faz uma revisão da interpretação teórica da aglomeração de galáxias e dos efeitos de lenteamento gravitacional fraco por estruturas em largas escalas no Universo, no contexto de modelos cosmológicos FLRW. Esta interpretação e geral, na medida em que os efeitos da curvatura espacial são apropriadamente considerados, sendo portanto verdadeiros para Universos FLRW com conteúdos arbitrários de matéria e energia escura. Neste contexto, consideramos a estatística de dois pontos no espaço de configurações e no espaço harmônico, obtendo formulas gerais para a função de correlação de dois pontos no espaço real e no espaço de redshifts. Incluímos ainda efeitos de grandes ângulos e consideramos a aproximação de observador distante de forma apropriada. Uma característica importante de levantamentos fotométricos de galáxias e a de que eles vão ganhar em área e profundidade, em troca de uma pior determinação das posições radiais. Neste contexto, uma técnica padrão para extração de informação cosmológica dos dados consiste em dividir as galáxias em bins de redshift, de forma a assim usar a função de correlação angular (ACF) w() e o espectro de potencias angular (APS) C. Nesta dissertação também tratamos o problema de vincular parâmetros cosmológicos usando técnicas de inferência estatística Bayesiana a partir das medidas da ACF e do APS em grandes escalas. Diferentes técnicas computacionais são discutidas e um modelo detalhado para a ACF em grandes escalas ´e apresentado, incluindo todos os efeitos relevantes, como não-linearidades gravitacionais, o bias, distorções no espaço de redshift, e incertezas nas estimativas de redshifts (photo-zs). Apresentamos uma analise da ACF em grandes escalas para galáxias do CMASS, um catalogo de redshifts fotométricos baseado no Data Release 8 do Sloan Digital Sky Survey- III, mostrando que a ACF pode ser eficientemente aplicada para vincular cosmologia em levantamentos fotométricos do futuro. Também apresentamos uma analise similar em dados simulados do Dark Energy Survey, mostrando que no futuro próximo tal analise nos permitira vincular modelos cosmológicos com precisão ainda maior. Finalmente, apresentamos um trabalho preliminar sobre correlações angulares de posição e shear no espaço harmônico para as simulações Onion.<br>Modern wide-area multi-color deep galaxy redshift surveys provide a powerful tool to probe cosmological models. Yet they bring new practical and theoretical challenges in order to exploit the information contained in their data. This dissertation reviews the theoretical interpretation of clustering of galaxies and shear/convergence weak lensing effects by the large scale structure of the Universe in the context of FLRW cosmological models. This interpretation is general in the sense that the effects of the spatial curvature are properly taken into account, thus holding for FLRW Universes with arbitrary content of matter and dark energy. In this context, we consider two-point statistics both in configuration and harmonic spaces, providing general formulae for the two-point correlation function in real and redshift space. We further include wide angle effects and consider the proper distant observer approximation. One main characteristic of photometric galaxy surveys is that they will gain in area and depth, in exchange for a poorer determination of radial positions. In this context splitting the data into redshift bins and using the angular correlation function (ACF) w() and the angular power spectrum (APS) C constitutes a standard approach to extract cosmological information. This dissertation also addresses the problem of constraining cosmological parameters using Bayesian inference techniques from measurements of the ACF and the APS on large scales. Different computational approaches are discussed to accomplish this goal and a detailed model for the ACF at large scales is presented including all relevant effects, namely nonlinear gravitational clustering, bias, redshift-space distortions and photo-z uncertainties. We present an analysis of the large scale ACF of the CMASS luminous galaxies, a photometric-redshift catalogue based on the Data Release 8 (DR8) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-III, showing that the ACF can be efficiently applied to constrain cosmology in future photometric galaxy surveys. We also present a similar analysis on simulated data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), showing that in the near future such analysis will allow us to constrain cosmological models with even high precision. Finally, we also present preliminary work on the position and shear angular correlations in harmonic space for the Onion simulations.
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DUBOST, ROURESSOL DUBOST HELENE. "Robert de montesquiou, univers de l'objet, univers de l'ecriture. "ego imago"." Lyon 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO20021.
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Robert de montesquiou, un nom maintenant tombe dans l'oubli. Et pourtant cet esthete fut celebre a la fin du xixeme siecle a cause de son dandysme et des personnages qu'il inspira. La problematique de l'image se pose avec acuite dans trois romans : a rebours, le portrait de dorian gray et monsieur de phocas. Dans chacun de ces cas nous tentons de cerner les emprunts faits au modele par le romancier et sa vision de l'esthete. Le processus de vampirisation du modele par des images culmine avec le personnage de charlus. Mais ce n'est qu'une des preuves de l'influence exercee par le comte sur marcel proust, fait important, occulte par certains critiques proustiens. Contrairement aux idees recues, montesquiou vaut autant par son oeuvre, placee sous le signe de l'objet, que par son role de modele litteraire. Par oeuvre il faut entendre aussi sa vie, theatralisee afin de lui donner sens et beaute. Mecene influent, dandy, "estheticien", le comte est constamment habite par une passion, celle de l'art<br>Robert de montesquiou is now a name forgotten. Yet this esthet was famous at the end of the xixe century for his dandysm and the caracters he inspired. The problem of image is very important in three novels : a rebours, le portrait de dorian gray and monsieur de phocas. In each case we attempt to understand what the author has borrowed from the model and how he has considered the estheticism. The "vampirisation" of the model by the image reaches its highest point with the caracter of charlus. However it stands as proof of montesquiou's influence on proust, an important point often deliberately overlooked by proustien critics. Contrary to prejudices, montesquiou the artist, is worth special attention as a model for the novelist. His work is deeply marked by the object, his life being an integral part of this work, this life being considered as a play in order to give it meaning and beauty. Patron of the arts, dandy and "estheticien", the count exudes one passion: art
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Strigari, Louis E. "Exploring the universe with neutrinos." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1116699126.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 155 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-155). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Fuchs, Mechthild Hessus Helius Eobanus Hessus Helius Eobanus. "Psalterium universum : Helius Eobanus Hessus." Berlin wvb, Wiss. Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996544364/04.
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Larsson, Oscar. "Battlestar Galactica : Ett mänskligt universum." Thesis, Linköping University, Department for Studies of Social Change and Culture, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16491.
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<p>Science Fiction har sedan sin uppkomst gestaltat samhället och de samhällsfrågor som för sin tid är aktuella. Alltifrån ifall människans existens är kroppslig eller andlig, till vad som händer när livsformer från andra planeter kommer till Jorden, har diskuteras i Science Fiction. I tv-serien Battlestar Galactica gestaltas och problematiseras vår samtid. Genom att flytta mänskligheten från Jorden och ut i rymden, där de konfronteras med en mängd etiska och moraliska frågor – tvingade att se över vad de själva är och vad de håller på att bli. Undersökningen avser att besvara frågor kring hur BG gestaltar människan och hennes förhållande till etik, moral, politik och religion.</p>
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Murray, Brian M. "Early and late universe cosmology /." view abstract or download file of text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1276405191&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=11238&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006.<br>Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-80). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Elfgren, Erik. "Dust in the early universe." Licentiate thesis, Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/17.
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Karouby, Johanna. "Topics in early universe cosmology." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110537.
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The study of the Early Universe raises some of the most fundamental questions in theoretical physics. This thesis explores three main aspects of early universe cosmology. The first part discusses alternatives to the Big Bang scenario which is the current paradigm of cosmology. Namely, it discusses bouncing universe models where the initial Big Bang singularity is replaced by a finite size universe. After reviewing the necessary cosmology background in the introduction, we show a specific model of a bouncing universe that contains additional "Lee-Wick fields", partners to the standard fields. In particular we prove that a Lee-Wick matter bounce is unstable when one adds radiation to matter. In the second part of this thesis, we consider particle production via parametric resonance during preheating, at the end of cosmological inflation. Specifically, we prove that in the case of a speed-limited inflaton, non-canonical kinetic terms used to described any effective Lagrangian do not enhance particle production. Finally, the last topic involves topological defects during the Quantum Chromodynamics phase transition. Namely, we study cosmic strings coming from pionfields present in the Standard Model of particle physics and find a mechanism to stabilize them. We show how a thermal bath of photons reduces the effective vacuum manifold to a circle and thus allows the presence of topologically stable pionstrings.<br>L'etude de l'Univers primordial adresse quelques-unes des questions les plus fondamentales de la physique theorique. Cette these a pour objet l'exploration de trois aspects principaux de la cosmologie primordiale. Dans un premier temps, nous discutons d'une alternative au paradigme scientique qu'est le modele du Big Bang. A savoir, nous explorons un model d'univers a rebond qui evite la singularite initiale du Big Bang. Nous commencerons dans l'introduction par revoir les elements de base necessaires a la comprehension de la cosmologie. A la suite de quoi, nous montrerons un modele specifique d'Univers a rebond contenant des champs additionnels particuliers en complements des champs présents habituellement. Ces nouveaux champs proviennent de ce qui s'appelle le modele "Lee-Wick" de la physique des particules. En particulier, nous prouvons qu'un univers a rebond dans ce contexte est instable lorsque l'on ajoute une composante de radiation en plus de la matiere. Dans la seconde partie, nous considérons la production de particules via un phenomene de resonance parametrique durant la phase de "prechauffement", a la fin de l'inflation cosmologique. Plus précisément, nous prouvons que dans le cas ou l'inflaton a une limite de vitesse, les termes cinetiques non-canoniques d'écrivant n'importe quel Lagrangien effectif n'améliorent pas la production de particules. Finalement, le dernier sujet abordé concerne les défauts topologiques pendant la transition de phase de la chromodynamique quantique. A savoir, nous etudions les cordes cosmiques provenant des champs de pions presents dans le modele standard de la physique des particules et trouvons un méchanisme pour les stabiliser. Nous prouvons alors qu'un bain thermique de photons en contact avec ces cordes reduit la variete du vide a un cercle. Cela a pour effet d'autoriser la presence de "cordes pioniques" topologiquement stables.
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Lahav, Ofer. "Anisotropies in the local universe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279690.
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Edling, Susanna. "Textil och glas : ett universum." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18539.
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This work is about presenting the weave in a new and different context, by bringing textile and glass together. The work is characterized by material and shape experiments with silver and copper weave and hand blown glass. From experiments and sketches, the work has resulted in four sculptures, symbolizing four selected stages in a lifecycle; the birth, the development, the maturity and the death. One important part of the work has been to combine different materials and techniques. Studies of literature, sketching, handweaving and integration of silver and copper weave in the glass have been important methods in the working process. Inspired by the flower, the human being and the universe, a story about the life cycle has taken shape. The paper describes the working process with choices and analyses. It describes the experiments and the making of the sculptures.<br><p>Uppsatsnivå: C</p>
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Dechant, Pierre-Philippe. "Models of the early universe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609618.
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Pires, Carlos Manuel Teixeira. "A Matéria escura no Universo." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10488.
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Hardy, Liam K. "Probing the time-resolved Universe." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15898/.
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Studying the Universe in a time-resolved manner, including both high-speed variability, and transient events, allows us to explore the most extreme astrophysical environments. The study of transient astronomy and high-speed variability requires specialist instrumentation to explore the fastest timescales, and follow-up rapidly fading events. For this reason I have helped to develop two facilities for time-resolved astronomy, and used them to conduct two research programmes. In this thesis I present the lab-based and on-sky commissioning of the high-speed imager ultraspec. I include a theoretical analysis of the instrument throughput, and compare this with the observed throughput, finding that ultraspec is performing to within ∼ 20% of expectations in all filters. I also present a method for flux calibrating the non-standard KG5 filter, using bolometric corrections and model spectra of stellar atmospheres. I describe the design and operation of the 0.5m robotic telescope pt5m. I have developed a collection of software programmes which enable pt5m to function as an automated transient follow-up facility, which listens for new events and acts on them immediately, collecting and reducing the data. I present the results of performance tests, and scientific results from follow-up observations of transients such as GRBs, supernovae, and an outbursting X-ray binary. I then used pt5m to conduct a search for eclipsing cataclysmic variables, and further investigated the structure of their eclipses with ultraspec. I found or confirmed 13 new eclipsing systems, of which two are definitely suitable and six are possibly suitable for detailed modelling of their eclipse structure. I also used ultraspec, and later pt5m, to search for possible optical counterparts to recently discovered fast radio bursts (FRBs). FRBs are bright, short pulses of radio emission from unknown sources. I followed-up two FRB detections in detail, finding no evidence for counterparts in one field, but 5 variable sources in the other, all of which require further study.
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Boersma, Jelle Pieter. "Global dynamics of the universe." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17211.
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Includes bibliographical references.<br>In this thesis we consider four different topics in the field of cosmology, namely, black hole topology, the averaging problem, the effect of surface terms on the dynamics of classical and quantum fields, and the generation of an open universe through inflation with random initial conditions. It should be mentioned that while the research for this thesis was being done, no large effort was made to pursue a single theme. One reason for the diversity of the topics in this thesis is that the results which came out of this research were not always the results which were expected to be found when the investigation was started. Another reason for looking at several topics is simply that once a problem has been solved, then it is natural to move on to another problem which has not yet been solved. For those readers who value that a thesis is centered around a single unifying theme, let me mention that each of the four topics in this thesis are indeed related. Namely, each topic which we discuss focuses on an aspect of the global dynamics of the universe, in a situation where this is non-trivially different from the local dynamics. The non-trivial relation between global and local dynamics is rarely addressed in cosmology. Partially this is because of the difficulties which arise when one considers a realistic universe with infinitely many coupled degrees of freedom. Hence, it is a common practice to rely on simplifications which reduce the number of degrees of freedom, or the couplings between them. Further, there are few direct observations which probe the large-scale dynamics of the universe, or none at all, depending on the length scale and the type of cosmological model which one considers. As a consequence, there is a considerable freedom in choosing a priori assumptions or simplifications in the field of cosmology, without being able to falsify the validity thereof. For instance, when we analyse the relation between field perturbations at spatial infinity and perturbations here and now, we assume that quantum field theory, as we know it, is valid everywhere between here and spatial infinity. Although one cannot avoid making certain fundamental assumptions, the type of simplifications which are adopted in a calculation plays a less fundamental role. It is the objective of this thesis to improve our understanding of the large scale dynamics of the universe by showing rigorously what one can and what one cannot derive from certain fundamental assumptions. Interestingly, our results are often quite different from the results which are based on the same assumptions, but which involve certain commonly made simplifications as well.
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Yoho, Amanda. "Understanding the Large-Angle Universe." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1436272010.
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Alles, Steven. "Organic psychology and the universe /." Online version of thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11963.
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Fuchs, Mechthild Hessus Helius Eobanus. "Psalterium universum Helius Eobanus Hessus." Berlin wvb, Wiss. Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/996544364/04.
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Kawka, Marta. "Play, the universe and everything." Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367066.
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This doctoral study is an investigation of my “lived experience” of art-making with children as an artist, teacher and researcher. My research project focuses on the relationship between the artist and the child. It is an inquiry into the nature of my practice which encompassed children as the participants in, and audience for, the work. The research was driven by the following emergent questions: “What is the nature of the relationship that occurs between adult artist and child during the creation of a collaborative artwork?”; “How might the experience of collaborating with children inform how the artist feels about his or her art practice?”; and “In what way does the experience of the children impact on how the artist feels about his or her art practice?”
The visual outcomes of the research are presented online at http://sfod.net. The final outcome of the research can be conceptualised as a transformation of all the research components; myself (from educator vs. artist to a/r/tographer); the children (from objects/subjects to active participants and social actors); the “spacing” of the encounter (from “learning environment” to “potential/creative/play space”) and; the art objects (from semiotic system to means of social interaction).
The transformational outcome of the research has been the development of “a critical pedagogic competence: knowing how to act tactfully in pedagogic situations on the basis of a carefully edified thoughtfulness” (Van Manen, 1990, p.8).
This dissertation draws on literature from diverse fields including phenomenology, psychoanalysis, aesthetics, children’s geography, gallery education, creativity and interactivity. It adopts an A/R/Tographic (Irwin & de Cosson, 2004) approach which interweaves images, stories and critical theories to arrive at research insights.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Queensland College of Art<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Vega, Riveros Sebastián. "Enlace de estudios del universo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/100924.
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Cunha, Ivan Eugênio da. "Matéria nuclear no universo primordial." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/134928.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Físicas e Matemáticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Florianópolis, 2015.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-15T04:06:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>A formulação lagrangiana para o espaço-tempo curvo é desenvolvida, derivando-se a equação de Einstein, alguns tensores energia-momento de interesse e a equação de Euler-Lagrange. Resultados básicos de cosmologia, como a métrica de Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (métrica de FRW) e as equações de Friedmann, são apresentados. Férmions são incorporados na Relatividade Geral por meio do formalismo de tetradas. Buscando uma descrição da era hadrônica em termos da interação nuclear, o modelo o - w - p para a matéria nuclear é aplicado de forma inédita num contexto cosmológico, adaptando-o para espaço-tempo curvo e derivando suas equações de movimento. Aplica-se a aproximação de campo médio ao modelo e obtêm-se o tensor energia-momento. A conservação da energia é utilizada junto à equação de Friedmann, à equação do campo s e à conservação do número bariônico para chegar no sistema de equações a ser resolvido. Uma solução aproximada, mas analítica, é obtida para explorar alguns dos fenômenos contidos nas equações e comparar com resultados recentes. O modelo apresentado possui grande potencial de refinamento e já apresenta resultados razoáveis mesmo com as aproximações feitas.<br><br>Abstract : The Lagrangian formulation for the curved space-time is developed, deriving Einstein's equation, energy-momentum tensor for some of interest cases, and the Euler-Lagrange equation. Basic results of cosmology, as the metric of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (metric of FRW) and the Friedmann equations are presented. Fermions are incorporated in General Relativity through tetrads formalism. Seeking a description of hadron epoch in terms of nuclear interaction, the o - w - p model for nuclear matter is applied unprecedentedly in a cosmological context, adapting it to curved space-time and deriving the equations of motion. Mean-field approximation is applied and the energy-momentum tensor is obtained. Conservation of energy is used together the Friedmann equation, the equation field s and the conservation of baryon number to reach the system of equations that be solved. An approximate solution, but analytical, is obtained to explore some of the phenomena contained in the equations and compare with recent results. The model has great potential for refinement and already has reasonable results even with the approximations made.
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Pires, Carlos Manuel Teixeira. "A Matéria escura no Universo." Dissertação, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10488.
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Hoffman, Everett. "Converging Objects of the Universe." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5501.
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Reconfigured found objects shape scenes of everyday life, questioning the structural histories that go into defining an identity. Engaging in a multidisciplinary approach of making, my work reimagines the function of ornamentation and its relationship to the body. I approach new materials and found objects with the eye of a jeweler, highlighting and exploiting the subtle, and often invisible, links between material histories and their connection to identity. Material debris patinated with age like skillets, baseballs, and furniture are used to penetrate normative structures around identity, gender, and sexual desire. Using adornment as a support in my installations I propose a new lens for viewing function through the use of ornamentation. In doing so I highlight the bodie’s impact on objects, and call into to question the role these objects play in shaping our understanding of identity—An identity that is never singular, constantly evolving, and more often than not contradictory and confusing.
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Simon, Valérie. "Odontologie et univers carcéral." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR20046.
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Ramirez, David Alejandro Tamayo. "Gravitational Waves in Decaying Vacuum Cosmologies." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-06012016-144604/.
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In the present monograph we study in detail the primordial gravitational waves in cosmologies with a decaying vacuum. The decaying vacuum models are an alternative to solve the cosmological constant problem attributing a dynamic to the vacuum energy. The problem of primordial gravitational waves is discussed in the framework of an expanding, flat, spatially homogeneous and isotropic FLRW Universe described by General Relativity theory with decaying vacuum energy density of the type $\\Lambda \\equiv \\Lambda(H)$. Two particular interesting limits of a class of decaying vacuum models were investigated. A first-order tensor perturbation term was introduced to the FLRW metric, the evolution equation of the perturbations was derived and then expressed in terms of a Fourier expansion, the time-dependent part decouples from the spatial part. The resulting equation has the form of a damped harmonic oscillator which depends on the scale factor, which carries all the cosmological and decaying vacuum characteristics. In the first model studied, the decaying vacuum has the form $\\Lambda \\propto H^2$. The gravitational wave equation is established and its time-dependent part has analytically been solved for different epochs in the case of a flat geometry. The main result is unlike the standard $\\Lambda$CDM cosmology (no interacting vacuum): in this model there is gravitational wave amplification during the radiation era, which in quantum field theory means graviton production. This difference is a clear signature of the decaying vacuum models which a eventual observation could give empirical clues about it. However, high frequency modes are damped out even faster than in the standard cosmology, both in the radiation and matter-vacuum dominated epoch. The physical gravitational wave quantities like the modulus of the mode function, power and gravitational wave energy density spectra generated at different cosmological eras are also explicitly evaluated. The second model studied is a decaying vacuum of the form $\\Lambda \\propto H^3$. This model drives a nonsingular flat cosmology which is termed complete in the sense that the cosmic evolution occurs between two extreme de Sitter stages. The particularity which makes interesting this model is that the transition from the early de Sitter era to the radiation phase is smooth avoiding the graceful exit problem. The gravitational wave equation is derived and its time-dependent part numerically integrated in a relevant period previously delimited. The gravitational wave solutions for the other eras were calculates analytically. Today\'s gravitational wave spectra were calculated and compared with the standard result where an abrupt transition is assumed. It is found that the stochastic background of gravitational waves is very similar to the one predicted by the cosmic concordance model plus inflation except for the higher frequencies.<br>Na presente monografia foi estudado em detalhe as ondas gravitacionais primordiais em cosmologias com decaimento do vácuo. Os modelos de decaimento do vácuo são uma alternativa para resolver o problema da constante cosmológica atribuindo uma dinâmica à energia do vácuo. O problema de ondas gravitacionais primordiais é discutida no âmbito de um Universo FLRW em expansão, plano, espacialmente homogêneo e isotrópico descrito pela teoria da Relatividade Geral com decaimento da densidade de energia do vácuo do tipo $\\Lambda \\equiv \\Lambda(H)$. Dois limites particularmente interessantes de uma classe de modelos de decaimento do vácuo foram trabalhados. Um termo tensorial perturbativo a primeira ordem foi introduzido na métrica de FLRW, a equação de evolução das perturbações foi derivada e depois expressada em termos de uma expansão de Fourier, a parte dependente do tempo desacopla-se da parte espacial. A equação resultante tem a forma de um oscilador harmônico amortecido que depende do fator de escala que carrega todas as características cosmológicos e do decaimento do vácuo. No primeiro modelo estudado, o decaimento do vácuo tem a forma $\\Lambda \\propto H^2$. A equação da onda gravitacional é estabelecida e a sua parte dependente do tempo foi resolvida analiticamente para diferentes épocas no caso de uma geometria plana. O resultado principal é que a diferença da cosmologia $\\Lambda$CDM padrão (sem decaimento do vácuo), neste modelo ocorre amplificação de ondas gravitacionais durante a era de radiação, que em mecânica quântica significa produção gráviton. Esta diferença é uma assinatura clara dos modelos de decaimento do vácuo que uma eventual observação poderia dar pistas empíricas sobre o assunto. No entanto, os modos de alta frequência são amortecidos ainda mais rápido do que na cosmologia padrão, tanto na era da radiação e da matéria-vácuo. As quantidades físicas das ondas gravitacionais, como o módulo da função de modos, espectros de potência e de densidade de energia de onda gravitacional geradas em diferentes eras cosmológicas também foram avaliadas explicitamente. O segundo modelo estudado é um decaimento do vácuo da forma $\\Lambda \\propto H^3$. Este modelo leva uma cosmologia plana não singular que é denominado completo no sentido de que a evolução cósmica ocorre entre duas eras de Sitter extremas. A particularidade que torna interessante este modelo é que a transição do início da era de Sitter era para a fase da radiação é suave evitando o graceful exit problem. A equação gravitacional é derivada e sua parte dependente do tempo foi integrada numericamente num período relevante previamente delimitado, as soluções das ondas gravitacionais para as outras eras foram calculadas analiticamente. Os espectros de hoje das ondas gravitacionais foram calculados e comparados com os cálculos padrão onde é assumida uma transição abrupta. Verificou-se que o fundo estocástico de ondas gravitacionais é muito semelhante ao previsto pelo modelo de concordância cósmica mais a inflação, exceto para as frequências mais altas.