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Academic literature on the topic 'Unitised regenerative fuel cells'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Unitised regenerative fuel cells"

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Altmann, Sebastian, Till Kaz, and Kaspar Andreas Friedrich. "Bifunctional electrodes for unitised regenerative fuel cells." Electrochimica Acta 56, no. 11 (April 2011): 4287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.077.

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Chen, Jun Jie, and De Guang Xu. "Recent Development and Applications in Electrodes for URFC." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 47 (February 2015): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.47.165.

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The design of electrodes for URFC (unitised regenerative polymer electrolyte fuel cells) requires a delicate balancing of transport media. Gas transport, electrons and protons must be carefully optimised to provide efficient transport to and from the electrochemical reaction sites. This review is a survey of recent literature with the objective to identify common components and design and assembly methods for URFC electrodes, focusing primarily on the development of a better performing bifunctional electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction and water oxidation. Advances in unitised regenerative fuel cells study have yielded better performing oxygen electrocatalysts capable of improving energy efficiency with longer endurance and less performance degradation over time. Fuel cells using these electrocatalyst have a possible future as a source of energy.
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Wittstadt, U., E. Wagner, and T. Jungmann. "Membrane electrode assemblies for unitised regenerative polymer electrolyte fuel cells." Journal of Power Sources 145, no. 2 (August 2005): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.02.068.

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Doddathimmaiah, A., and J. Andrews. "Theory, modelling and performance measurement of unitised regenerative fuel cells." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34, no. 19 (October 2009): 8157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.07.116.

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Pettersson, J., B. Ramsey, and D. J. Harrison. "Fabrication of bifunctional membrane electrode assemblies for unitised regenerative polymer electrolyte fuel cells." Electronics Letters 42, no. 25 (2006): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20062620.

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Pettersson, J., B. Ramsey, and D. Harrison. "A review of the latest developments in electrodes for unitised regenerative polymer electrolyte fuel cells." Journal of Power Sources 157, no. 1 (June 2006): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.01.059.

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Wang, Yifei, Dennis Y. C. Leung, Jin Xuan, and Huizhi Wang. "A review on unitized regenerative fuel cell technologies, part-A: Unitized regenerative proton exchange membrane fuel cells." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 65 (November 2016): 961–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.046.

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Omrani, Reza, and Bahman Shabani. "Review of gas diffusion layer for proton exchange membrane-based technologies with a focus on unitised regenerative fuel cells." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 7 (February 2019): 3834–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.120.

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Gayen, Pralay, Xinquan Liu, Cheng He, Sulay Saha, and Vijay K. Ramani. "Bidirectional energy & fuel production using RTO-supported-Pt–IrO2 loaded fixed polarity unitized regenerative fuel cells." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 5, no. 10 (2021): 2734–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1se00103e.

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A fixed-polarity unitized regenerative fuel cell using Pt–IrO2/RTO as a bifunctional OER- and HOR-electrocatalyst as an anode exhibits high PGM-mass-specific activity and high round-trip efficiency (40.2% at 1 A cm−2).
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Baglio, V., C. D'Urso, A. Di Blasi, R. Ornelas, L. G. Arriaga, V. Antonucci, and A. S. Aricò. "Investigation of IrO2/Pt Electrocatalysts in Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/276205.

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IrO2/Pt catalysts (at different concentrations) were synthesized by incipient wetness technique and characterized by XRD, XRF, and SEM. Water electrolysis/fuel cell performances were evaluated in a 5 cm2single cell under Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell (URFC) configuration. The IrO2/Pt composition of 14/86 showed the highest performance for water electrolysis and the lowest one as fuel cell. It is derived that for fuel cell operation an excess of Pt favours the oxygen reduction process whereas IrO2promotes oxygen evolution. From the present results, it appears that the diffusion characteristics and the reaction rate in fuel cell mode are significantly lower than in the electrolyser mode. This requires the enhancement of the gas diffusion properties of the electrodes and the catalytic properties for cathode operation in fuel cells.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Unitised regenerative fuel cells"

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Doddathimmaiah, Arun Kumar, and arun doddathimmaiah@rmit edu au. "Unitised Regenerative Fuel Cells in Solar - Hydrogen Systems for Remote Area Power Supply." RMIT University. Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081128.140252.

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Remote area power supply (RAPS) is a potential early market for renewable energy - hydrogen systems because of the relatively high costs of conventional energy sources in remote regions. Solar-hydrogen RAPS systems commonly employ photovoltaic panels, a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyser, a storage for hydrogen gas, and a PEM fuel cell. Unitised Regenerative Fuel Cells (URFCs) use the same hardware for both electrolyser and fuel cell functions. Since both of these functions are not required simultaneously in a solar hydrogen RAPS system, URFCs based on PEM technology provide a promising opportunity for reducing the cost of the hydrogen subsystem used in renewable-energy hydrogen systems for RAPS. URFCs also have potential applications in the areas of aerospace, submarines, energy storage for central grids, and hydrogen cars. In this thesis, a general theoretical relationship between cell potential and current density of a single-cell PEM URFC operating in both fuel-cell (FC) and electrolyser (E) modes is developed using modified Butler-Volmer equations for both oxygen- and hydrogen-electrodes, and accounting for mass transport losses and saturation behaviour in both modes, membrane resistance to proton current, and membrane and electrode resistances to electron current. This theoretical relationship is used to construct a computer model based on Excel and Visual Basic to generate voltage-current (V-I) polarisation curves in both E and FC modes for URFCs with a range of membrane electrode assembly characteristics. The model is used to investigate the influence on polarisation curves of varying key parameters such charge transfer coefficients, exchange current densities, saturation currents, and membrane conductivity. A method for using the model to obtain best-fit values for electrode characteristics corresponding to an experime ntally-measured polarisation curve of a URFC is presented. The experimental component of the thesis has involved the design and construction of single PEM URFCs with an active area of 5 cm2 with a number of different catalyst types and loadings. V-I curves for all these cells have been measured and the performance of the cells compared. The computer model has then been used to obtain best-fit values for the electrode characteristics for the URFCs with single catalyst materials active in each mode on each electrode for the corresponding experimentally-measured V-I curves. Generally values have been found for exchange current densities, charge transfer coefficients, and saturation current densities that give a close fit between the empirical and theoretically-generated curves. The values found conform well to expectations based on the catalyst loadings, in partial confirmation of the validity of the modelling approach. The model thus promises to be a useful tool in identifying electrodes with materials and structures, together with optimal catalyst types and loadings that will improve URFC performance. Finally the role URFCs can play in developing cost-competitive solar- hydrogen RAPS systems is discussed, and some future directions for future URFC research and development are identified.
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Tan, Chiuan Chorng. "A new concept of regenerative proton exchange membrane fuel cell (R-­‐PEMFC)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0012.

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Les travaux précédents trouvés dans la littérature ont mis l'importance sur la pile à combustible PEM ou électrolyseur PEM. Certains articles ont étudié également la pile à combustible réversible et le système d'alimentation en hydrogène par énergie solaire en intégrant à la fois la pile à combustible et électrolyseur. Contrairement à un « Unitised regenerative fuel cell (URFC)», notre conception a un compartiment individuel pour chaque système de PEM-Fuel Cell et d'electrolyseur-PEM et nommé Quasi - URFC. Grâce à ce nouveau concept, l'objectif principal est de réduire le coût de la pile à combustible régénératrice (RFC) en minimisant le rapport de surface superficielle géométrique du catalyseur de l'assemblage membrane électrodes (AME) des deux modes dans la cellule. D'ailleurs, nous visons également à construire un RFC plus compact, léger et portable par rapport à une pile à combustible ou l'électrolyseur classique. Ce travail de recherche est divisé en trois parties : la modélisation et simulation numérique, l'assemblage du prototype et le travail d'expérimentation. Quant à la partie de modélisation, un modèle physique multi-2D a été développé dans le but d'analyser les performances d'une pile à combustible à régénérée à trois-compartiments, qui se compose d'une piles à combustible et d'électrolyseur. Ce modèle numérique est basée sur la résolution des équations de conservation de masse, du momentum, des espèces et du courant électrique en utilisant une approche par éléments finis sur des grilles 2D . Les simulations permettent le calcul de la vitesse, de la concentration de gaz, la densité de courant et les distributions de potentiels en mode pile à combustible et en mode d'électrolyse, ainsi nous aider à prédire le comportement de quasi - RFC. En outre, l'assemblage du premier prototype du nouveau concept de pile à combustible à combustible régénérée a été achevée et testée au cours des trois années d'études dans le cadre d'une thèse. Les résultats expérimentaux de la 3 Compartiments R-PEMFC ont été prometteurs dans les deux modes, soit en mode piles à combustible et soit en mode d'électrolyseur. Ces résultats valideront ensuite les résultats de la simulation, obtenus auparavant par la modélisation
The past works found in the literature have focused on either PEM fuel cell or electrolyzer-PEM. Some of the papers even studied the unitised reversible regenerative fuel cell (URFC) and the solar power hydrogen system by integrating both fuel cell and electrolyzer. Unlike the URFC, our design has an individual compartment for each PEMFC and E-PEM systems and named Quasi-URFC. With this new concept, the main objective is to reduce the cost of regenerative fuel cell (RFC) by minimizing the ratio of the catalyst’s geometric surface area of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) of both cell modes. Apart from that, we also aim to build a compact, light and portable RFC.This research work is divided into three parts: the modeling, assembly of the prototype and the experimentation work. As for the modeling part, a 2D multi-physics model has been developed in order to analyze the performance of a three chamber-regenerative fuel cell, which consists of both fuel cell and electrolyzer systems. This numerical model is based on solving conservation equations of mass, momentum, species and electric current by using a finite-element approach on 2D grids. Simulations allow the calculation of velocity, gas concentration, current density and potential's distributions in fuel cell mode and electrolysis mode, thus help us to predict the behavior of Quasi-RFC. Besides that, the assembly of the first prototype of the new concept of regenerative fuel cell has been completed and tested during the three years of PhD studies. The experimental results of the Three-Chamber RFC are promising in both fuel cell and electrolyzer modes and validate the simulation results that previously obtained by modeling
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Vassallo, Joseph. "Multilevel converters for regenerative fuel-cells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420375.

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Wojnar, Olek. "Analyzing carbohydrate-based regenerative fuel cells as a power source for unmanned aerial vehicles." Wright-Patterson AFB : Air Force Institute of Technology, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA480693.

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Thesis (M.S. in Aeronautical Engineering) --Air Force Institute of Technology, 2008.
Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on Aug 8, 2008). "AFIT/GAE/ENY/08-M31" Includes bibliographical references.
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Hosseini-Benhangi, Pooya. "Bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution catalysts for rechargeable metal-air batteries and regenerative alkaline fuel cells." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60227.

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The electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER, respectively) on the same catalyst surface is among the long-standing challenges in electrochemistry with paramount significance for a variety of electrochemical systems including regenerative fuel cells and rechargeable metal-air batteries. Non-precious group metals (non-PGMs) and their oxides, such as manganese oxides, are the alternative cost-effective solutions for the next generation of high-performance bifunctional oxygen catalyst materials. Here, initial stage electrocatalytic activity and long-term durability of four non-PGM oxides and their combinations, i.e. MnO₂, perovskites (LaCoO₃ and LaNiO₃) and fluorite-type oxide (Nd₃IrO₇), were investigated for ORR and OER in alkaline media. The combination of structurally diverse oxides revealed synergistic catalytic effect by improved bifunctional activity compared to the individual oxide components. Next, the novel role of alkali-metal ion insertion and the mechanism involved for performance promotion of oxide catalysts were investigated. Potassium insertion in the oxide structures enhanced both ORR and OER performances, e.g. 110 and 75 mV decrease in the OER (5 mAcm-²) and ORR (-2 mAcm-²) overpotentials (in absolute values) of MnO₂-LaCoO₃, respectively, during galvanostatic polarization tests. In addition, the stability of K⁺ activated catalysts was improved compared to unactivated samples. Further, a factorial design study has been performed to find an active nanostructured manganese oxide for both ORR and OER, synthesized via a surfactant-assisted anodic electrodeposition method. Two-hour-long galvanostatic polarization at 5 mAcm-² showed the lowest OER degradation rate of 5 mVh-¹ for the electrodeposited MnOx with 270 mV lower OER overpotential compared to the commercial γ-MnO₂ electrode. Lastly, the effect of carbon addition to the catalyst layer, e.g. Vulcan XC-72, carbon nanotubes and graphene-based materials, was examined on the ORR/OER bifunctional activity and durability of MnO₂ LaCoO₃. The highest ORR and OER mass activities of -6.7 and 15.5 Ag-¹ at 850 and 1650 mVRHE, respectively, were achieved for MnO₂-LaCoO₃-multi_walled_carbon_nanotube-graphene, outperforming a commercial Pt electrode. The factors affecting the durability of mixed-oxide catalysts were discussed, mainly attributing the performance degradation to Mn valence changes during ORR/OER. A wide range of surface analyses were employed to support the presented electrochemical results as well as the proposed mechanisms.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Najmi, Hussain. "Selectivity of Porous Composite Materials for Multispecies mixtures : Application to Fuel Cells." Thesis, Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAB0001/document.

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L'utilisation de pile à combustible à bord d'un avion impose d'extraire des espèces légères (telles que l'hydrogène et les hydrocarbures légers) du combustible liquide qui est stocké et utilisé, éventuellement à des températures où se produit une pyrolyse du carburant. La porosité d’un matériau composite pourrait être utilisée pour filtrer les espèces sélectionnées. L'efficacité de séparation d’un matériau poreux dépend de deux facteurs qui sont: la perméance et la sélectivité.Ces facteurs sont souvent déterminés avec une configuration classique utilisant un échantillon en forme d’un disque d’un matériau poreux. Cependant, cette configuration est loin de la réalité qui est composée de tubes. Par conséquent, une étude est réalisée en considérant les deux configurations en utilisant différents types de disques poreux et un tube composite poreux. Ensuite, les résultats obtenus sont comparés et les différents facteurs affectant le processus de perméation sont étudiés.Après cela, un banc d'essai innovant est développé et utilisé afin de déterminer la distribution axiale des deux propriétés d'un tube poreux en acier inoxydable (c'est-à-dire la perméance et la sélectivité). Les effets des conditions opératoires (débit massique d'entrée et pression d'entrée) ont été étudiés. Une nouvelle forme radiale de l'équation de perméabilité aux gaz a été développée pour ce travail et sa relation avec la perméabilité de Darcy est établie. La variation de pression le long de l'axe central du tube est déterminée. Les effets de cette variation de pression sur les propriétés physiques des gaz tels que la densité et la viscosité sont déterminés et leur influence sur la sélectivité est étudiée en utilisant différents gaz tels que l'azote, le dioxyde de carbone, le méthane et l'hélium.Plus tard, un mélange binaire de dioxyde de carbone (CO2) et d'Azote (N2) est considéré sous trois compositions volumétriques différentes (50/50%, 60/40% et 70/30%) afin d'évaluer la propriété de séparation de gaz d’un tube poreux (effet de membrane). La perméabilité au gaz pur, la perméabilité du mélange, la sélectivité idéale et la sélectivité de séparation de ce tube sont déterminées pour un débit massique et une pression d'entrée différents. Les facteurs affectant les distributions de CO2 et de N2 à l'intérieur du tube poreux sont étudiés.Les résultats obtenus peuvent être utiles pour comprendre les facteurs affectant la séparation des gaz dans le cas d'un tube poreux pour des processus industriels continus
Using Fuel Cell on board of aircraft imposes to extract light species (such as Hydrogen and light hydrocarbons) from the liquid fuel which is stored and used, possibly at temperatures where a fuel pyrolysis occurs. Porosity of a composite material could be used to filtrate the selected species. The separation efficiency of a porous material depends upon two factors which are: Permeance and Selectivity.These factors are often determined with a classical configuration using a porous disk sample. However, this configuration is far from the realistic one consisting of tubes. Therefore, a study is performed considering both configurations using different types of porous disks and a porous composite tube. Then, the obtained results are compared and the different factors affecting the permeation process are studied.After that, an innovative permselectivity test bench is developed and used in order to determine the axial distribution of the two properties of a stainless steel porous tube (i.e. permeance and selectivity). The effects of the operating conditions (inlet mass flowrate and inlet pressure) have been studied. A new radial form of the gas permeability equation has been developed for this work and its relationship with Darcy‘s permeability is established. The pressure variation along the centre axis of the tube is determined. The effects of this pressure variation on the physical properties of gases such as density and viscosity are determined and their influence on the selectivity is studied using different gases such as Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Methane, and Helium. Later, a binary mixture of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and of Nitrogen (N2) is considered under three different volumetric compositions (50/50%, 60/40% and 70/30%) in order to evaluate the separation property of the porous stainless steel tube (membrane effect). The pure gas permeability, the mixture permeability, the ideal selectivity and the separation selectivity of this tube are determined for a different mass flowrate and inlet pressure. The factors affecting the distributions of CO2 and N2 inside the porous tube are investigated. The obtained results can be useful to understand the factors affecting gas separation in case of a porous tube for continuous industrial processes
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FRANCO, EGBERTO G. "Desenvolvimento de novos eletrocatalisadores para celulas a combustivel a membrana polimerica trocadora de protons." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11208.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Intituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Martino, Drew J. "Evaluation of Electrochemical Storage Systems for Higher Efficiency and Energy Density." Digital WPI, 2017. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/470.

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Lack of energy storage is a key issue in the development of renewable energy sources. Most renewables, especially solar and wind, when used alone, cannot sustain a reliably constant power output over an extended period of time. These sources generally generate variable amounts of power intermittently, therefore, an efficient electrical energy storage (EES) method is required to better temporally balance power generation to power consumption. One of the more promising methods of electrical energy storage is the unitized regenerative fuel cell (UFRC.) UFRCs are fuel cells that can operate in a charge-discharge cycle, similar to a battery, to store and then to subsequently release power. Power is stored by means of electrolysis while the products of this electrolysis reaction can be recombined as in a normal fuel cell to release the stored power. A major advantage of UFRCs over batteries is that storage capacity can be decoupled from cell power, thus reducing the potential cost and weight of the cell unit. Here we investigate UFRCs based on hydrogen-halogen systems, specifically hydrogen-bromine, which has potential for improved electrode reaction kinetics and hence cheaper catalysts and higher efficiency and energy density. A mathematical model has been developed to analyze this system and determine cell behavior and cycle efficiency under various conditions. The conventional H2-Br2 URFCs, however also so far have utilized Pt catalysts and Nafion membranes. Consequently, a goal of this work was to explore alternate schemes and materials for the H2-Br2 URFC. Thus, three generations of test cells have been created. The first two cells were designed to use a molten bromide salt, ionic liquid or anion exchange membrane as the ion exchange electrolyte with the liquids supported on a porous membrane. This type of system provides the potential to reduce the amount of precious metal catalyst required, or possibly eliminate it altogether. Each cell showed improvement over the previous generation, although the results are preliminary. The final set of results are promising for anion exchange membranes on a cost basis compared Nafion. Another promising energy storage solution involves liquid methanol as an intermediate or as a hydrogen carrier. An alternative to storing high-pressure hydrogen is to produce it on-board/on-site on demand via a methanol electrocatalytic reformer (eCRef), a PEM electrolyzer in which methanol-water coelectrolysis takes place. Methanol handling, storage, and transportation is much easier than that for hydrogen. The hydrogen produced via methanol eCref may then be used in any number of applications, including for energy storage and generation in a standard H2-O2 PEM fuel cell. The mathematical modeling and analysis for an eCref is very similar to that of the HBr URFC. In this work, a comprehensive model for the coelectrolysis of methanol and water into hydrogen is created and compared with experimental data. The performance of the methanol electrolyzer coupled with a H2-O2 fuel cell is then compared for efficiency to that of a direct methanol fuel cell data and was found to be superior. The results suggest that an efficient and small paired eCRef-fuel cell system is potentially be a cheaper and more viable alternative to the standard direct methanol fuel cell. Both the H2-Br2 URFC and the methanol eCref in combination with a H2-O2 fuel cell have significant potential to provide higher energy efficiency and energy density for EES purposes.
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Juo, Min-Guei, and 卓敏貴. "Effect of oxygen electrode catalysts on unitized regenerative fuel cell." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10210506268799438150.

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碩士
元智大學
機械工程學系
94
A satisfactory performance of an electrolytic battery is achieved with the electrode structure and the best operation temperature. The main purpose of the paper discusses the influence of catalysts and temperature on electrolytic response of water. The best candidate catalyst for fuel cell might be improper for electrolysis. It is an important and difficult work to choose the bifunctional electrodes with a thin catalyst layer. 50wt.% Ru + 50wt.% Ir is a good bifunctional catalyst for the oxygen electrode. By adding Pt and Ir in the catalyst increase the electrolytic efficiency. When the catalyst is IrRu, its best operation temperature is spent for 60℃~80℃. Adjust and rise the temperature of the cell, can reduce electrolytic energy, increase the activation of the catalyst, and accelerate speed of response. Analyse electric conduction of catalyst can know that the active influence of the catalyst be better than electric conduction of the catalyst metal. Increasing the temperature can improve the activation of catalyst, accelerate the electrolytic chemical reaction of water, and can increase electric conduction of the catalyst metal, make the electrolytic performance of water increase. The high-temperature condition will impel the electrolyte membrane to accelerate decay. When the moisture humidification of the fuel is not enough, MEA may be too dry, the membrane will because lose moisture cause the cell mass transfer polarisation. When temperature is 80 ℃, make the moisture of the membrane electrode group insufficient of fuel cell, cause the dryness of the membrane, hinder the transmission of the ion, and make efficiency unstable and drop. The best operation temperature of the fuel cell is 60 ℃. The fuel cell and electrolysis system need conductibility good catalyst. Usually join the carbon powder of good electric conductivity in the electrode catalyst. This experiment uses the PtRu catalyst includes of the carbon, probe for the influence on performance of carbon content. So we must experiment the URFC system without carbon, because the carbon will destroy the electrodes of the oxygen end when water is electrolytic, the carbon will be appeared electrolytically, and the electrolytic liquid of pollution makes its performance unable to promote.
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Hong, Ruei-Bo, and 洪瑞伯. "Preparation and performance of ternary catalyst in Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81209099788985557919.

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碩士
元智大學
機械工程學系
97
This study provides the standard operation procedures of impregnation method and thermal decomposition of a polymeric precursor (DPP) method for the preparations of Pt-based catalysts as the electrode catalysts in unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC). PtRu and PtIr have been widely used as the electrode catalysts in URFC because Ru can prevent the CO poison and Ir can provide better reversibility both at the water electrolysis mode and at the fuel cell mode. In addition, introduction of W has also been fund to increase specific surface area and resist CO poison. In order to decrease particle size and cost of the catalysts used in URFC, this study combines Pt, Ir, and Ru or W to form the ternary catalysts. This study used impregnation method to prepare Pt, PtIr, and PtRuIr; thermal decomposition of a polymeric precursor (DPP) method and microwave heating method to prepare PtWIr. For, impregnation and microwave heating method, three different pH values were selected for preparation. For DPP method, the chosen parameter was the heat treatment temperature. And some add Carbon nanotubes to prepare and compare. Carbon nanotubes material the use of commercial carbon nanotubes, respectively, as well as the oxidation of commercial carbon nanotubes. And other synthetic catalyst / carbon nanotubes, analysis of their physical properties and electrochemical properties. In this study, the use of impregnation catalyst synthesized with 60% -80% good recovery rate, by XRD can also be found to have a good crystalline structure, with an average particle size can also be controlled at below 5 nm. And found that when combining carbon nanotubes with the business when the Pt / CNT and PtWIr / CNT have good electrochemical surface area. And PtRuIr / CBT and PtIr / CBT by the cyclic voltammetry graph we can see that although both have a good reversibility, but its activity compared with Pt / CNT and PtWIr / CNT many poor in terms of performance. The experiment found that the use of DPP synthesis PtWIr / CNT could be synthesized than impregnation Pt / CNT higher activity, so the next choice PtWIr / CNT and may further improve the manufacturing process in terms of the URFC has the potential to be more than a new choice. This experiment also established a synthesis of the use of Pt catalyst impregnation with a high recovery rate and good lattice structure and the electrochemical activity of the synthetic method.
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Books on the topic "Unitised regenerative fuel cells"

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Kúš, Peter. Thin-Film Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers and Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20859-2.

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Martin, R. E. Integrated regenerative fuel cell experimental evaluation: Final report. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1989.

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Levy, Alexander. Regenerative fuel cell study for satellites in GEO orbit. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Frank, David George. The effects of cell design and materials of construction on the electrolysis performance of a proton exchange membrane unitized regenerative fuel cell. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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Martin, R. E. Regenerative fuel cell energy storage system for a low earth orbit space station: Topical report. [South Windsor, Conn.]: United Technologies Corporation, Power Systems Division, 1988.

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Kúš, Peter. Thin-Film Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers and Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells. Springer, 2019.

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Center, Lewis Research, ed. Regenerative fuel cells for space, military, and commercial applications. Cleveland, Ohio: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1994.

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Cryogenic reactant storage for lunar base regenerative fuel cells. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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Regenerative fuel cell study for satellites in GEO orbit. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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High temperature solid oxide regenerative fuel cell for solar photovoltaic energy storage. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Unitised regenerative fuel cells"

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Shabani, B., R. Omrani, S. Seif Mohammadi, B. Paul, and J. Andrews. "Chapter 9. Unitised Regenerative Fuel Cells." In Electrochemical Methods for Hydrogen Production, 306–49. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016049-00306.

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Müller, Martin. "Regenerative Fuel Cells." In Fuel Cell Science and Engineering, 219–45. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527650248.ch8.

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Ioroi, Tsutomu. "Regenerative Fuel Cells." In Encyclopedia of Applied Electrochemistry, 1806–8. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6996-5_213.

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Elbaset, Adel A., and Salah Ata. "Regenerative Fuel Cells as a Backup Power Supply." In Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Remote Telecommunication Stations, 19–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66344-5_3.

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Cable, T. L., J. A. Setlock, and S. C. Farmer. "Regenerative Operation of the NASA Symmetrical Support Solid Oxide Fuel Cell." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells III, 103–13. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470339534.ch11.

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Lee, Hong Ki, Sung Wan Hong, Sung Won Yang, Woo Min Lee, and Jeong Mo Yoon. "Increase of Electrolysis Cell Performance by Addition of PVDF and Graphite Powder on MEA for Regenerative Fuel Cells." In Advanced Materials Research, 849–52. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-463-4.849.

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Sadhasivam, T., and Ho-Young Jung. "Nanostructured bifunctional electrocatalyst support materials for unitized regenerative fuel cells." In Nanostructured, Functional, and Flexible Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage Systems, 69–103. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819552-9.00003-8.

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Andrews, J., and A. Doddathimmaiah. "Regenerative fuel cells." In Materials for Fuel Cells. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439833148.ch9.

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ANDREWS, J., and A. K. DODDATHIMMAIAH. "Regenerative fuel cells." In Materials for Fuel Cells, 344–85. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845694838.344.

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Barbir, F. "FUEL CELLS – EXPLORATORY FUEL CELLS | Regenerative Fuel Cells." In Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 224–37. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452745-5.00288-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Unitised regenerative fuel cells"

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Lele, Sandeep S., Michael A. Sizemore, and Drazen Fabris. "Improved Passive Water Management Design for Use in Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2014-6635.

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Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells require effective water transport away from the cathode to ensure stable operation. Many existing water management strategies involve active methods, reducing system efficiency by introducing parasitic losses. In the present work, we report on the improved design and fabrication of a passive water management scheme involving UV-catalyzed porous polymer wicks. The design features two connected porous domains consisting of a methacrylate-based transport layer and polyvinyl alcohol storage layer. In our previous prototype, large water transport lengths (∼12 mm) prevented adequate removal of generated water. The capillary pressure drop across the two porous domains was insufficient to drive a flow rate matched to the rate of generation. Thus, the current design produces a shorter transport distance (∼3 mm) by developing a new vertical design. An independently produced SU-8 photolithographic mold is incorporated to improve the fabrication process.
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Kuhne, Philipp, Michael Wenske, Martin Wolter, and Nils Baumann. "Investigation and Optimization of Pt/IrO2 Catalyst for Unitized Regenerative PEM Fuel Cells." In 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pesgm41954.2020.9281592.

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Lele, Sandeep S., Michael A. Sizemore, Sutyen S. Zalawadia, Aitor P. Zabalegui, Abdie H. Tabrizi, and Drazen Fabris. "Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell Performance Using Polymer Wicks for Passive Water Management." In ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2013-18317.

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Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells rely on effective internal water transport to provide stable performance. Many water management schemes require high heat, high pressure, or high flow rates — effectively introducing parasitic losses and reducing round-trip efficiency. In this work, a radial, non-recirculating, unitized regenerative fuel cell prototype with passive water transport is designed and tested. The cell features a 5 cm2 active area with 1.2 mm wide by 0.6 mm high gas flow channels. Porous polymer wicks are fabricated in the cathode side flow channels and coupled with a bulk water storage structure. The resulting wicks are 0.3 mm wide and 0.6 mm high. Discharge operating voltage measured during current control testing resulted in 1 V at open circuit, 0.8 V at 0.3 A·cm−2, and 0.2 V at 1 A·cm−2. Charge operating current density measured during voltage control testing resulted in 0.1 A·cm−2 at 1.5 V, 0.3 A·cm−2 at 1.6 V, and 0.8 A·cm−2 at 2 V. During the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) conditioning procedure, degradation in operating current density is seen over a 30–100 minute time span.
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Burke, Kenneth. "Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell System Development." In 1st International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5939.

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Burke, Kenneth A., and Ian Jakupca. "Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell System Gas Storage/Radiator Development." In Power Systems Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-3168.

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Mittelsteadt, Cortney, and William Braff. "Advanced Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell Technology for Lunar Missions." In 6th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5788.

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Burke, Kenneth, and I. Jakupca. "Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell System Gas Dryer/Humidifier Analytical Model Development." In 2nd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5700.

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Swette, Larry L., Nancy D. Kackley, and Anthony B. LaConti. "Regenerative Fuel Cells." In 27th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (1992). 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/929087.

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Kimble, Michael C., Everett B. Anderson, Alan S. Woodman, and Karen D. Jayne. "Regenerative Micro-Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers." In 34th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-2611.

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Yuan, Xian Ming, Hang GUO, Fang YE, and Chong Fang MA. "Experiment of Voltage Response During Mode Switching in a Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cell with Parallel Flow Field." In 2018 7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera.2018.8566939.

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Reports on the topic "Unitised regenerative fuel cells"

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Mitlitsky, F., B. Myers, and A. H. Weisberg. Lightweight pressure vessels and unitized regenerative fuel cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460339.

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Joseph Hartvigsen and Sudip Mazumder. A Novel Bidirectional Power Controller for Regenerative Fuel Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/875406.

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