Relevant bibliographies by topics / United States. Continental Army – Biography

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Academic literature on the topic 'United States. Continental Army – Biography'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "United States. Continental Army – Biography"

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Berlin, Robert H. "United States Army World War II Corps Commanders: A Composite Biography." Journal of Military History 53, no. 2 (April 1989): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1985746.

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Sabourin, Victor M., Manan Shah, Frederick Yick, Chirag D. Gandhi, and Charles J. Prestigiacomo. "The War of Independence: a surgical algorithm for the treatment of head injury in the continental army." Journal of Neurosurgery 124, no. 1 (January 2016): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.1.jns141599.

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The American Revolution was a gruesome warthat resulted in the independence of the United States of America from the British crown and countless casualties to both belligerents. However, from these desperate times, the treatment of traumatic head injury was elucidated, as were the origins of American neurosurgery in the 18th century. During the war, the surgical manual used by military field surgeons was titled Plain Concise Practical Remarks on the Treatment of Wounds and Fractures, by Dr. John Jones. This manual explains the different types of cranial injuries understood at that time as well as the relevant surgical treatment. This article seeks to review the surgical treatment of head injury in the Revolutionary War as outlined by Dr. Jones’s manual.
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Garges, Eric, June Early, Sandra Waggoner, Nazia Rahman, Dana Golden, Brian Agan, and Ann Jerse. "Biomedical Response to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections in the US Military." Military Medicine 184, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2019): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy431.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to plague militaries and defense forces. While the historical recognition of the impact of STIs on operations is evident, contemporary surveillance and research activities are limited. As Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other sexually transmitted pathogens become increasingly resistant to antibiotics, the role of the Department of Defense (DoD) in disease surveillance and clinical research is essential to military Force Health Protection. Methods The Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences partnered with the DoD Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) program to monitor the distribution of gonorrhea antimicrobial resistance (AMR) both domestically and abroad. The DoD gonococcal reference laboratory and repository was established in 2011 as a resource for confirmatory testing and advanced characterization of isolates collected from sites across the continental United States (CONUS) and GEIS-funded sites outside the continental United States (OCONUS). The IDCRP is currently implementing surveillance efforts at CONUS military clinics, including Madigan Army Medical Center, Naval Medical Center Camp Lejeune, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Naval Medical Center San Diego, and San Antonio Military Medical Center (efforts were also previously at Womack Army Medical Center). The reference laboratory and repository receives specimens from OCONUS collaborators, including Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS; Bangkok, Thailand), Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 (NAMRU-3), Ghana Detachment (Accra, Ghana), Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6; Lima, Peru), U.S. Army Medical Research Unit – Georgia (USAMRD-G; Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia), and U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate – Kenya (USAMRD-K; Nairobi, Kenya). The gonococcal surveillance program, to include findings, as well as associated clinical research efforts are described. Results Among N. gonorrhoeae isolates tested within the United States, 8% were resistant to tetracycline, 2% were resistant to penicillin, and 30% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. To date, only one of the 61 isolates has demonstrated some resistance (MIC=1 μg/ml) to azithromycin. No resistance to cephalosporins has been detected; however, reduced susceptibility (MIC=0.06–0.125 μg/ml) has been observed in 13% of isolates. Resistance is commonly observed in N. gonorrhoeae isolates submitted from OCONUS clinical sites, particularly with respect to tetracycline, penicillin, and ciprofloxacin. While no azithromycin-resistant isolates have been identified from OCONUS sites, reduced susceptibility (MIC=0.125–0.5 μg/ml) to azithromycin was observed in 23% of isolates. Conclusion Continued monitoring of circulating resistance patterns on a global scale is critical for ensuring appropriate treatments are prescribed for service members that may be infected in the U.S. or while deployed. Domestic surveillance for gonococcal AMR within the Military Health System has indicated that resistance patterns, while variable, are not dramatically different from what is seen in U.S. civilian data. Global patterns of gonococcal AMR have been described through the establishment of a central DoD gonococcal reference laboratory and repository. This repository of global isolates provides a platform for further research and development into biomedical countermeasures against gonococcal infections.
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Cook, Mylan R., Kent L. Gee, Mark K. Transtrum, Shane V. Lympany, and Matthew F. Calton. "A physics-guided model for predicting spectral and temporal variability of road traffic noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015497.

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The National Transportation Noise Map (NTNM) provides daily averaged A-weighted equivalent sound levels across the continental United States (CONUS) due to road traffic. The NTNM maps the spatial variability of road traffic noise, but not the temporal or spectral variability. A physics-guided model was developed to predict the temporal and spectral variability of road traffic noise across CONUS. Empirical models were developed to predict hourly road traffic volume and vehicle class mix across CONUS based on publicly available traffic volume measurements and geospatial data. The Federal Highway Administration’s Traffic Noise Model characterizes average spectral levels by vehicle class; by combining the empirical model with the Traffic Noise Model’s characteristic vehicle class spectra, hourly traffic noise predictions across CONUS are made which include temporal and spectral variability. This physics-based modeling approach improves upon nation-wide mapping of road traffic noise. [Work supported by U.S. Army SBIR.]
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Lacy V, Benjamin W., Thomas F. Ditzler, Raymond S. Wilson, Thomas M. Martin, Jon T. Ochikubo, Robert R. Roussel, Jose M. Pizarro-Matos, and Raymond Vazquez. "Regional Methamphetamine Use among U.S. Army Personnel Stationed in the Continental United States and Hawaii: A Six-Year Retrospective Study (2000–2005)." Military Medicine 173, no. 4 (April 2008): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7205/milmed.173.4.353.

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Ahn, Jae-Ik. "The Beginning of the Sino-Japanese War and International Politics in East Asia in the 1930s: Focusing on the Protracted Course of the War." Korean Association For Japanese History 61 (August 31, 2023): 157–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24939/kjh.2023.8.61.157.

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When examining the outbreak and protracted course of the Sino-Japanese War, it is important to note the attitudes of neighboring countries such as the United States and the Soviet Union toward the Sino-Japanese issue, which arose as a result of Japan's aggressive continental policy, and how these attitudes influenced the outbreak of the war. Given that the Sino-Japanese War was a protracted eight-year war fought by the Chinese government with the support of the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom, and that it was an international event that directly influenced the outbreak of the Asia-Pacific War, it is necessary to understand the diplomatic process surrounding the war, not just the decision to escalate the war within the Japanese leadership and the decision to wage a protracted global war. After the Manchurian Incident, Japan's East Asian policy included an aggressive expansion of its influence on the Chinese mainland, which was embodied in aggressive public policies such as the army-led campaign to separate Hwaseong from North Korea. In response to these Japanese public policies, the Chinese government actively sought internal and diplomatic means to resist, while the Soviet Union and the United States, both of which were paying attention to East Asian affairs, gradually shifted their policies toward supporting China in the Sino-Japanese conflict and deterring Japanese aggression. The fact that 1935 was the year when Japan's public policy became overtly aggressive, as symbolized by the separation of Hwaseong, and that Sino-Japanese relations began to trend in a friendly direction from this year shows that the attitude of neighboring countries toward the Sino-Japanese dispute had already shifted in a direction favorable to China before the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War.
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Lacroix, Patrick. "Promises to Keep: French Canadians as Revolutionaries and Refugees, 1775–1800." Journal of Early American History 9, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00901004.

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The Treaty of Paris of 1783 brought the American War of Independence to a formal end. But all was not resolved with the return of peace to North America. Loyalists had to build new lives in Canada and elsewhere across the British empire. Similarly, Canadians who had supported and fought for the revolutionary cause were no longer welcome in their ancestral homeland. After years of hardship in the ranks of the Continental Army, they remained south of the border. Both in and out of military service, Canadian soldiers and their families held the political and the military authorities of the United States to the lofty pledges they had made in 1775–1776. In response, despite acute financial constraints, American leaders sought to honor their word. Through varied forms of compensation, policymakers aimed to uphold the moral character of the young nation and to ensure that all those who sacrificed for liberty might reap the blessings of independence.
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Ustinov, A. B., and I. E. Loshchilov. "The Great War and Siberian Memory: Georgy Vyatkin in an American Poetry Anthology of 1916." Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 15, no. 2 (2020): 106–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2020-2-106-128.

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The essay is dedicated to a rather extraordinary episode in the literary biography of the Siberian poet Georgy Vyatkin (1885–1938), when one of his poems was translated by the American social worker Alice Stone Blackwell (1857–1950) and published in 1916 in the magazine “The Russian Review.” The authors carefully reconstruct political and ideological contexts of this publication, directly linked to the United States’ entry into the Great War. They pay special attention to the literary and social activities of Alice Stone Blackwell. They discuss what place Vyatkin’s poem “To the Descendants’ took in Vyatkin’s literary biography in the time of the Great War. In 1914 he became a front-line correspondent for the Kharkov newspaper “Utro.” By 1915 he was drafted as a “ratnik” (soldier) by the army, and further served as an assistant within the medical and nutritional detachment under the command of another poet, Sasha Chernyi (Alexander Glikberg; 1880‒1932). Throughout the Great War, Vyatkin created an œuvre of literary works in verse and prose, which also includes his poem “To Descendants,” that was published in the magazine “Europe’s Messenger” and translated into English. Vyatkin revised some of his war poems after the Revolution, and adapted them to the circum- stances of the Civil War, from the perspective of the “White” press. At the same time, he became the Secretary of the War Archives Commission, which was created in 1918 under the leadership of the folklorist Ivan Ulyanov (1876–1937), who collected evidence of the modern memory of the Great War.
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Shakir, Irshad, William Davis, W. Stephen Choate, Ivan J. Antosh, Stephen Parada, and Dane H. Salazar. "Outcomes of Pectoralis Major Tears in Active Duty US Military Personnel: A Comparison of Surgical Repairs Performed in the Forward Deployed Setting to Those Performed in the Continental United States." Military Medicine 184, no. 11-12 (April 20, 2019): e802-e807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz068.

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Abstract Introduction The purpose of our study is to compare pectoralis major tears in active duty military personal repaired surgically in the forward deployed setting to those performed in the Continental United States. Materials and Methods Retrospective comparison of all pectoralis major tendon repairs performed at Madigan Army Medical Center from 2000 to 2007 to a forward deployed series treated by two deployed United States Air Force orthopedic surgeons at one expeditionary medical treatment facility over a 4-month deployment cycle from December 2013 through March 2014. Results Fourteen patients from the CONUS group and eight patients from deployed group were compared; they had a mean age of 32 years (21–52) all with pectoralis major ruptures that underwent operative fixation. Nineteen of the 22 patients (86%) sustained their injuries during bench press. The average bench press weight was similar with 271.8 lbs in the CONUS group and 273.1 lbs in the deployed group. There were 9 complete tears and 5 partial tears in the CONUS cohort whereas 7 complete tears and 1 partial tear in the deployed cohort, with all tears in both groups occurring at the insertion of the humerus. All 22 patients in both cohorts denied the use of anabolic steroids. The average DASH score at final follow-up was 12.74 in the CONUS group and 36.44 in the deployed group. The CONUS group reported that 7 out of 8 immediate repair patients and 4 out of 6 delayed repair patients returned to functional work level within 6 months with the 2 patients in the delayed repair group taking longer than 9 months to return to work. The deployed members reported return to functional work level at an average of 6.5 months. Both cohorts had early return to weight lifting at 6 and 7 months, respectively. The CONUS group reported a 39% bench press weight reduction and 34% pushup maximum reduction whereas the deployed cohort reported a 20% and 8% reduction respectively. Conclusions When comparing deployed to CONUS results, we demonstrated that surgical repairs at one permanent US military in-theater tertiary referral medical center were as successful as repairs performed at one CONUS US Army academic tertiary referral medical center. Although in-theater surgical repair was technically feasible and clinically successful, we believe the lengthy convalescence, stringent post-operative restrictions, demanding environment and impact on operational readiness should preclude deployed surgical repairs from becoming standard practice.
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Swanson, Ryan A. "“I Never Was a Champion at Anything”: Theodore Roosevelt’s Complex and Contradictory Record as America’s “Sports President”." Journal of Sport History 38, no. 3 (October 1, 2011): 425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.38.3.425.

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Abstract The historical memory of Theodore Roosevelt as an athlete and as a builder of America’s modern sporting landscape is an enduring one. Scholars and lay historians alike have often recounted Roosevelt’s athletic feats. And indeed many connections do exist. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) links Roosevelt to its earliest days. Fans of the Army-Navy football game tout Roosevelt as a forefather. Journalists covering Roosevelt’s time in the White House have left behind dozens of stories describing the president’s wrestling, hiking, sparring, and tennis matches. Despite these connections (and others), however, the broadly accepted historical memory is imprecise—at times exaggerating Roosevelt’s impact on the sporting world and at other times failing to appreciate the complexity and contradictions inherent in Roosevelt’s “athletic doctrine.” This article begins to remedy that imprecision by examining the historiography and historical memory of Roosevelt the athlete and identifying the tenets of Roosevelt’s athletic doctrine. Then, and most significantly, the study examines several examples of Roosevelt’s limited influence over the development of modern sporting culture in the United States. The goal of the study is not to knock Roosevelt from his pedestal within U.S. sports history but rather to reconsider the intricacies of Roosevelt’s athletic biography and to recalibrate our understanding of Roosevelt’s influence over sporting culture.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "United States. Continental Army – Biography"

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Hirschfeld, Fritz. "Smallpox, the Continental Army, and General Washington." W&M ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625695.

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Ward, David Lawrence. "The Continental Army: Leadership School of the Early Republic." W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626802.

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Ward, David Lawrence. "A School for Leaders: Continental Army Officer Training and Civilian Leadership in the Trans-Appalachian West." W&M ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1563898986.

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This paper investigates the Continental Army’s junior leaders (sergeants, ensigns, lieutenants, and captains) who moved westward postwar and used the abilities acquired during military training in their new communities in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio. This skill set included leading diverse individuals under arduous conditions, functioning within a bureaucracy, performing managerial tasks, and maintaining law and order in nascent communities. The Continental Army’s leadership development program for junior leaders centered on Baron von Steuben’s Regulations for the order and discipline of the troops of the United States, better known as the Blue Book. Unlike other contemporary military manuals, the Blue Book had instructions on how to be a leader. The unit’s orderly books contained lessons that continually reinforced Steuben’s tenets on leadership: officers had a responsibility for their soldiers and were expected to be actively involved in their unit’s daily operations. The army’s encampments included military and civilians, men and women, free and enslaved, and Euro-Americans, African-Americans, and Native-Americans. While acquired and honed in the encampment’s diverse environment, these veterans applied the same skills in civilian vocations. Of the approximately 14,168 Revolutionary War soldiers who moved to Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio, only 180 junior leaders were identified who lived and died in these states. Of this cohort, fifty-eight percent held positions of authority such as law enforcement personnel, local politicians, businessmen, and religious leaders. Historians have long overlooked the effect of junior officers’ and sergeants’ hard-won wisdom and experience. The veterans’ important institution building does not generally appear in pension applications, tax records, or wills, but it was vital to the early Republic’s expansion. The results of my research challenge the current narrative which concentrates on soldiers’ resentment at their treatment during the war and their poverty in later life. Instead, I argue, the benefits of Continental Army service were seen for many decades afterwards.
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Maxwell, Nancy Kouyoumjian. "Hungering for Independence: The Relationship between Food and Morale in the Continental Army, 1775-1783." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849718/.

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An adequate supply of the right kinds of foods is critical to an army's success on the march and on the battlefield. Good food supplies and a dire lack of provisions have profound effects on the regulation, confidence, esprit de corps, and physical state of an army. The American War of Independence (1775-1783) provides a challenging case study of this principle. The relationship between food and troop morale has been previously discussed as just one of many factors that contributed to the success of the Continental Army, but has not been fully explored as a single issue in its own right. I argue that despite the failures of three provisioning system adopted by the Continental Congress - the Commissariat, the state system of specific supplies, and the contract system - the army did keep up its morale and achieve the victory that resulted in independence from Great Britain. The evidence reveals that despite the poor provisioning, the American army was fed in the field for eight years thanks largely to its ability to forage for its food. This foraging system, if it can be called a system, was adequate to sustain morale and perseverance.
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Manadee, Nathatai. "European influences at the genesis of the Continental Army and the United States Armed Services in the late eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19601/.

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The Second Congress established the Continental Army, the first national fighting force, in the European style, to encounter Britain in the American Revolutionary War. The army was inspired by its British opponent and affected by its French counterpart and allies. All these influences were demonstrated in several attempts that Congress and the commanding officers made to create a professional army, and how the army was shaped over time. The lack of most war essentials obligated the Americans to seek any possible way to handle these struggles. Without a central government, the revolutionaries formed themselves as a team and used private networks to gain what they wanted for the army. In the first phase of the war the Americans adopted the practices of the British army. The Continental regiments were organized after the British model, the officers used British reading lists to educate themselves, and when they were faced with a shortage of men, they persuaded other ethnicities and races to enlist, like the British had done. The approaches worked, but did not completely solve the problems. The American envoys, therefore, were present in Paris to plead with the King of France for assistance, and later on the army was aided with money, supplies, fleet, and military technicians. French officers and their allies thus participated in most of the Continental units and helped to improve the army’s performance and other war aspects. They also supported the thought of establishing the first American military school. The thesis explores the influences of eighteen-century European warfare on the Continental Army, which was pushed to grow as a credible and honourable force. It analyzes how the army was based on European military tradition, and how it was sculpted by war-resource deficiencies. In doing so, it bolsters understanding of the first American army, which combined European culture with an American way of fighting.
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Nolan, Christopher M. "War and contentment : Dedham, Massachusetts and the military aspect of the War for Independence, 1775-1781." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1045640.

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Using a wealth of secondary and primary sources; such as town records, diaries, tax valuations, and genealogical data, this project will attempt to shed light on the reaction of Dedham, Massachusetts, and its middle class, to military service during the American Revolution. Although extremely responsive during the opening months of the war, Dedham's middle class became reluctant to contribute its fathers and sons to the military cause when the war moved outside of their periphery, and for good reason, they needed them back home. This study determined that the lack of zeal on the part of the town's middle class was part and parcel of historical, economical, and political factors that combined to keep the fathers and sons of Dedham from serving in the war. Although declining to serve in the Continental Army, Dedham was able to continue its support for the war effort by hiring others to do the fighting for them.
Department of History
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Smith, David R. "Nathanael Greene and the Myth of the Valiant Few." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062831/.

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Nathan Greene is the Revolutionary Warfare general most associated with unconventional warfare. The historiography of the southern campaign of the revolution uniformly agrees he was a guerrilla leader. Best evidence shows, however, that Nathanael Greene was completely conventional -- that his strategy, operations, tactics, and logistics all strongly resembled that of Washington in the northern theater and of the British commanders against whom he fought in the south. By establishing that Greene was within the mainstream of eighteenth-century military science this dissertation also challenges the prevailing historiography of the American Revolution in general, especially its military aspects. The historiography overwhelmingly argues the myth of the valiant few -- the notion that a minority of colonists persuaded an apathetic majority to follow them in overthrowing the royal government, eking out an improbable victory. Broad and thorough research indicates the Patriot faction in the American Revolution was a clear majority not only throughout the colonies but in each individual colony. Far from the miraculous victory current historiography postulates, American independence was based on the most prosaic of principles -- manpower advantage.
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Andrews, Melissa D. Young Tricia Henry. "Step in time the ritual function of social dance and military drill in George Washington's continental army /." Diss., 2006. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11142005-171118.

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Thesis (M. A.)--Florida State University, 2006.
Advisor: Tricia Young, Florida State University, College of Visual Arts,Theatre and Dance, Dept. of Dance. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 8, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains v, 97 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Books on the topic "United States. Continental Army – Biography"

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Richards, Augustus L. Washington, Steuben, and the Continental Army: Servants of democracy : & more. Remsen, N.Y: Friends of Baron Steuben, 2000.

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Rudolf, Cronau. The Army of the American Revolution and its organizer: Rudolf Cronau's biography of Baron von Steuben. Bowie, Md: Heritage Books, 1998.

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Hite, Richard W. An ordinary story: Christopher Hite of Bedford, Pennsylvania and the Continental Army. Apollo, PA: Closson Press, 2010.

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W, Egly T. Goose Van Schaick of Albany: The Continental Army's senior Colonel. [United States]: T.W. Egly, 1992.

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T, Hayes John. Elisha Sheldon: Washington's first choice to command Continental Cavalry. Fort Lauderdale, Fla: Saddlebag Press, 1994.

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Stillé, Charles J. Major-General Anthony Wayne and the Pennsylvania line in the Continental Army. Cranbury, NJ: Scholar's Bookshelf, 2005.

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Göller, Josef-Thomas. George Washington: Vom Waldläufer zum Staatsmann : der erste Präsident : Biographie. Berlin: Edition q, 1998.

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Farris, Charlene Knox. Searsport's Sam Houston. [Searsport, Me.]: Penobscot Marine Museum, 1987.

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Graves, William T. James Williams: An American patriot in the Carolina backcountry. San Jose: Writers Club Press, 2002.

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Buchholz, Ingelore. Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, ein Sohn Magdeburgs: Magdeburg 1730-Oneida County 1794. Magdeburg: Landeshauptstadt Magdeburg, Büro für Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Protokoll, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "United States. Continental Army – Biography"

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Lind, Michael. "Why the United States Fought in World War I." In The American Way of Strategy, 79–94. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195308372.003.0005.

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Abstract On April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee, commander of the Army of the Confederate States of America, surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant of the United States Army at the courthouse in Appomattox, Virginia. The U.S. Civil War, which had cost more than six hundred thousand lives, was over. The defeat of the South’s attempt to secede had left the United States intact as a continental nation-state with enormous industrial and military potential.
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Loiacono, Gabriel J. "Warned Out." In How Welfare Worked in the Early United States, 60–98. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197515433.003.0004.

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The freeborn son of an enslaved father and a free mother, Cuff Roberts’s life would be changed forever by the Revolutionary War. He served a five-year tour as part of the Continental Army, including at the Battle of Yorktown. As a veteran returning to Rhode Island, however, Roberts was not free to move around the country he helped make free. American poor laws, dating back to the seventeenth century, empowered Overseer of the Poor William Larned to repeatedly banish Roberts back to the town of Roberts’s birth. Roberts’s life would be shaped in powerful ways by American poor laws. Roberts helped local overseers by housing a needy neighbor, but came into conflict with other overseers over where he could live. After qualifying for a veterans’ pension, Roberts tried to make the life he wanted for his family in spite of the poor laws.
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Wood, Sarah F. "City on the Hill, Quixote in the Cave: The Politics of Retreat in the Fiction of Hugh Henry Brackenridge." In Quixotic Fictions of the USA 1792–1815, 75–106. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199273157.003.0003.

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Abstract ‘The Cave of Vanhest’ (1779) was a seven-part serial, written by Brackenridge and published in his own United States Magazine .1 It is narrated by a tutor who has formerly ‘spent some time in the army’ (USM, 254), and is now returning with his student from an educational visit to the site of the Battle of Monmouth. This inconclusive battle between British and Continental troops took place in New Jersey, on 28 June 1778, at a time when American commitment to the long and bloody war was felt to be flagging.
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Gfroerer, Joseph. "Epidemiology of Substance Abuse." In Mental Health Services, 257–74. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195153958.003.0012.

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Abstract Substance abuse, including abuse of alcohol and illicit drugs, has been a public health concern in the United States throughout its history. In the late eighteenth century, Dr. Benjamin Rush, surgeon general of the Continental Army and signer of the Declaration of Independence, promoted the view that long-term drinking was harmful, and he was among the first to state that heavy alcohol use is a health disorder Gaffe, 1995). Opium use was common among American colonists, including Benjamin Franklin, and the health risks of continual opium use were reported in the American Dispensatory of 1818 (Musto, 1991).
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Greenberg, Amy S. "US Expansionism during the Nineteenth Century." In The Oxford World History of Empire, 1011–34. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532768.003.0037.

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The dramatic nineteenth-century growth of the United States into a continental empire was justified by an ideology called “Manifest Destiny” which cast territorial expansionism as natural and preordained. In reality, America’s territorial growth from thirteen colonies in 1776, to an imperial power embracing colonies in the Pacific by 1900, was the result of ongoing violence against Indian people by both settlers and the US army and an aggressive war against the neighboring republic of Mexico. Speculation, population increase, and slave labor all encouraged the rapid settlement of western lands, and allowed the federal government to successfully gain hegemony over much of the continent in the face of competing claims.
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6

Sarantakes, Nicholas Evan. "Hidden Island." In War in the American Pacific and East Asia, 1941-1972, 201–30. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813176550.003.0008.

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The Pacific world of the early twentieth century, dominated by Europe, Japan, and the United States, is gone. The region’s control by outsiders has been succeeded by increasing economic importance, broader political negotiation, and wider cultural acceptance. Whether considering transoceanic communication, popular understanding of air power, the limits to training a continental Asian army, local uses of food, the role of “special” military units, the understanding of nuclear weapons, or the impact of American military occupation, these essays shed light on the volatile Pacific as a whole. The chapters in War in the American Pacific and East Asia, 1941–1972illustrate how the mid-twentieth-century world set the stage for the Pacific of our own era, offering important waypoints for explaining the transition to the twenty-first century.
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7

Ferling, John. "Choices, 1779." In Almost A Miracle, 315–25. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195181210.003.0014.

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Abstract In the sweltering summer of 1778, La Chimera, a French frigate, docked at Chester, below Philadelphia, and Conrad-Alexander Gérard came ashore. Three congressmen were there to greet him and escort him to the city, where that same afternoon he was the guest at a dinner party at the residence of Benedict Arnold. Although still recovering from the wound he had sustained at Saratoga, General Arnold had returned to active duty just before the Continental army departed Valley Forge, and Washington had asked him to become the military governor of Philadelphia, eastern Pennsylvania, and southern New Jersey until he was physically able to take the field again. Arnold consented and entered Philadelphia with the detachment that Washington sent to reclaim the city when the British abandoned it. He took up residence in the Penn mansion, the house that had been Howe’s headquarters only days before, and it was in that capacious dwelling that Arnold and several congressmen entertained Gérard, who was a very special guest. He was France’s minister plenipotentiary to the United States. Gérard, who hailed from an upper-middle-class family of Alsatian public servants, had been trained in the law before turning to diplomacy. Close to Vergennes—he had been his first secretary—Gérard had been the foreign minister’s choice to negotiate the Franco-American treaties. His every move that summer in Philadelphia was something of a spectacle to the callow Americans, most of whom had never met anything quite so exotic as a Frenchman, not to mention the House of Bourbon’s first emissary to the United States.
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8

Trifković, Gaj. "Introduction." In Parleying with the Devil, 1–8. University Press of Kentucky, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9781949668087.003.0001.

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Prisoner exchange is as old as warfare itself. Along with ransom, it was one of the few hopes for prisoners of war until the advent of modern international law. By the beginning of the 17th century, prisoner exchange had become a recognized institute of rules and customs of war, with European states agreeing on exchange arrangements (so-called “cartels”) whenever they fought. The prime motive behind the exchange was the need to get one’s own trained soldiers back as soon as possible, but also to minimize the cost of keeping enemy prisoners. Only full-fledged “civilized” nations could form a cartel; native tribes and rebels were not seen as subjects of law. It is therefore not surprising that the British did their utmost to avoid entering a general cartel during the Revolutionary War (1775–83), for by doing so they would recognize the legitimacy of the nascent United States and their Continental Army. Approximately ninety years later, the Federal government in Washington faced the same problem and kept refusing an all-encompassing cartel with the Southern “rebels” for over a year after the beginning of hostilities in April of 1861. The deal was eventually reached in July of 1862 and would be in place until May of 1863. Although the official text read that the Union representatives signed the agreement with the people who had been “commissioned by the authorities they respectively represent,” the signing was a ...
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9

Davis, Paul K. "Yorktown." In Besieged, 191–94. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195219302.003.0057.

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Abstract After the American victory at Saratoga in the autumn of 1777, the fledgling United States was finally recognized by France, followed soon thereafter by Spain and the Netherlands. This recognition, and the alliance that came with it, gave the American rebels the material resources necessary to match the moral resources displayed by such leaders as George Washington. In the summer of 1778, Washington’s forces reoccupied Philadelphia after British forces under General William Howe were ordered back to New York City. Howe’s removal from command soon thereafter brought his subordinate, General Henry Clinton, into power. Clinton had to this point shown no indication that he would aggressively pursue the war against the Americans. Instead, he spent most of his time fortifying New York City against the attack he was convinced Washington was going to launch. Thus, for the two years following the rebels’ reoccupation of Philadelphia, the war remained rather low-key. In the summer of 1780 Clinton attempted to conspire with disaffected American General Benedict Arnold to acquire the major American fort at West Point on the Hudson River. That effort failed and Clinton spent his time improving his defenses. In the meantime, Washington spent his time trying to improve the caliber of the Continental Army, equip it with the supplies arriving from Europe, and begin planning with the French forces arriving under the command of the Comte de Rochambeau.
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Reports on the topic "United States. Continental Army – Biography"

1

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Organization and Functions: Major Army Commands in the Continental United States. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada401912.

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