Academic literature on the topic 'United States – Armed Forces – Women'

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Journal articles on the topic "United States – Armed Forces – Women"

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Moore, Brenda L. "Introduction to Armed Forces & Society." Armed Forces & Society 43, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x17694909.

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This Armed Forces & Society issue is on women in the contemporary armed forces in the United States and other nations to include the South African National Defense Force and the Australian Defense Force. This issue contains a collection of nine papers, each reviewing a current aspect of women serving in the military since the post–Vietnam War Era. There are also two review essays of Megan Mackenzie’s book, Beyond the Band of Brothers: The US Military and the Myth That Women Can’t Fight. An overview of changing laws and the expanding role of women in the military is provided in this introduction, as well as summaries of the nine articles, and comments on the two book reviews mentioned above.
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Mršević, Zorica, and Svetlana Janković. "PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN MODERN ARMED FORCES." Strani pravni život 61, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.56461/spz17106m.

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The article exposes the expanded participation of women in modern armed forces. It is noted that since women started in the seventies to enter the army with full military, professional status, the historical pattern of masculine exclusivity of armed forces was challenged. This process was treated as even more profound transformation since the introduction of nuclear weapons, while sceptics doubt in it as potentially dangerous for national defense. There is presented the history of women’s participation in the armed forces of the twentieth century world wars, as well as the individual experiences of countries with prominent proportion of women in the composition of their armed forces, namely the United States of American, Swedish and Israeli experience. It is noted that women in the composition of the armed forces of contemporary world are no longer just a temporary change. In spite of the fact that sometimes they still suffer the unequal soldier status, and in spite of still somewhere existing professional segregation and cultural discrimination, women are no longer peripheral to the military organization since their role is increasingly widening, until the abolition of the last bans of participation of women in combat.
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Osborne, Victoria A., L. Ashley Gage, and Abigail J. Rolbiecki. "The Unique Mental Health Needs of Military Women: A Social Work Call to Action." Advances in Social Work 13, no. 1 (April 26, 2012): 166–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/1878.

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Women involved in all aspects of the United States Armed Forces face mental health needs that are unique from women in the general population. Because the most recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are involving more women in combat situations, social workers encounter female clients who are increasingly experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder, substance misuse, and sexual violence. Special attention must be paid particularly to women who serve in the National Guard or Reserves, as they have different concerns than enlisted active duty women. These concerns include less social support and fewer resources upon return from deployment. Thus, it is imperative for social workers in the community to be aware of these military women’s experiences and unique mental health challenges in order to effectively treat their needs.
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Szvircsev Tresch, TIBOR. "CHALLENGES IN RECRUITMENT AND RETENTION IS THERE A SOLUTION?" CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, VOLUME 2018, ISSUE 20/2 (June 15, 2018): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.20.2.02.

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The recruitment and retention of well-qualified military personnel are essential for any armed forces. This is even more true because most armed forces in Europe have shifted from a conscript-based to an all-volunteer format. Based on presentations and discussions during the 14th ERGOMAS Conference in Athens, Greece, June 26-30, 2017, this special publication of Contemporary Military Challenges focuses on the challenges of recruiting and retaining interested young people in the armed forces. In the ERGOMAS Working Group “Recruitment and Retention”, chaired by Tibor Szvircsev Tresch, 20 papers from different researchers were presented. In the five conference sessions on this issue, we had interesting discussions on various related topics. Session 1 dealt with the subject of minorities in the armed forces, and especially how they can be integrated and how they can participate in the system. In the next session, recruitment and retention in the reserve forces stood as the theme of the presentations. Politics and the military: mutual influence and the effect on military personnel was the topic of session 3, and session 4 analysed the motivational factors and reasons for attrition. The last session focused attention on recruitment and retention strategies. From these five sessions we were able to choose five presentations from all of these topics to adapt as journal articles. In the five articles offered in this journal, recruitment and retention are broadly discussed in historical terms and also based on the most recent research results. In military sociology research has generally addressed the recruitment of volunteers into the active force, but the reserve components and the conscription system should also be reviewed in detail. This special issue also analyzes reserve forces and conscription systems with regard to recruitment and retention. In the past not much attention has been paid to the topic of recruitment and retention in Europe. This was also true during the time of the Cold War for the conscript-based armed forces; the recruitment of new personnel was guaranteed by the conscript system. The advantages of this system were that the conscripted young men (in Europe only men were obliged to enter the armed forces; for women this was on a volunteer basis, and in some countries it was even forbidden for women to join the armed forces, or they could join only in auxiliary positions) could be socialized during their military service and also convinced that a professional military position could be a career for them. In other words, through the conscript system the armed forces were able to win new personnel who could imagine staying in the armed forces as long-term employees. One consequence of this was that the armed forces did not have to recruit new personnel on the free job market. The ‘in-house’ recruiting system provided by conscription was in most cases sufficient to catch enough personnel and – very importantly – well-qualified staff. But with the end of the Cold War and new missions, armed forces had to cover new tasks. These new tasks also required, on the one hand, personnel who were able and willing to stay abroad for a longer time, and on the other hand, new skills to cope with the new circumstances in the missions abroad. With the conflicts in the 1990s such as the Gulf War, the Somali Civil War with the United Missions UNOSMO I and II, the Bosnian War and the Kosovo War with the involvement of NATO, Western European armed forces had huge problems sending qualified personnel to these crises. Paradoxically the European armed forces were at that time much bigger in the number of soldiers than they are today, but in almost every country it was forbidden to send conscripted soldiers on missions abroad. Therefore the situation was that after the end of the Cold War these armed forces were not fit for the new tasks. Through the experience gained within these missions, a process of multi-nationalization and professionalization took place in the European armed forces. Multi-nationalization meant that it was more important for many states to join alliances, especially NATO. In a multi-national framework the aspect of greater interoperability between different armed forces was given heed. This led to more professional structures. This structural change is strongly reflected in the number of armed forces that have suspended conscription. In 1990, just four out of 26 European countries had an all-volunteer force, i.e. no conscription system. Today, most European states have switched to an all-volunteer format for their armed forces. This situation has altered the manning system. The flow of newly conscripted recruits disappeared, and personnel had to be found on the free market. At the same time as the armed forces were changing from conscript-based mass armies to leaner all-volunteer forces, civil society was engaged in a process of changing values. Traditional values such as obedience, discipline, and subordination became less significant for young people, and values such as autonomy and self-determination were esteemed much more. Some reasons for this were urbanization, an increasing level of education, and greater differentiation and specialization in the working environment. This led to a discrepancy between civil values that focus on the individual, and military values, which refer to the group dimension. At the moment the consequences of this process can be seen in the difficulty recruiting military personnel in sufficient quantity and quality. Questions related to human resources have become existential for armed forces; not only filling positions in the armed forces, but also adapting them to the new missions in a multicultural environment requires the urgent efforts of human resources development. Attention is now directed towards widening the recruitment pool. Women and young people with a migrant background should complement the traditional recruitment profile of a young, white male. Or in other words, the new recruiting targets must be on an equal footing with the old traditional recruitment basis. With that in mind the European armed forces must alter their recruitment outlook so that they will be attractive to these new target groups. The papers and research presented in this journal may help to broaden the understanding of this new recruitment and retention process. Have a good read!
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Kelley, Rosalie J., Tina M. Waliczek, and F. Alice Le Duc. "The Effects of Greenhouse Activities on Psychological Stress, Depression, and Anxiety among University Students Who Served in the U.S. Armed Forces." HortScience 52, no. 12 (December 2017): 1834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12372-17.

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The mental health of the men and women who served in the U.S. Armed Forces is an area of great concern in the United States. Studies have shown the mental health of university students is also a concern with a growing need for support services and prevention measures. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of participation in particular greenhouse activities on depression, anxiety, and stress levels of students who served in the U.S. Armed Forces. The study included a control group and a treatment group. Participants completed a pre- and post 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) survey, along with a questionnaire designed to capture participants’ demographic information and information regarding their military service history. The treatment consisted of a 6-week indoor plant care program. Results of the study found that student veterans who participated in the plant care class had decreased levels of depression and stress when compared with the control group. In the post-test open-ended questions, student veterans described a noticeable feeling of reduced stress along with the ability to relax while having feelings of a sense of place (belonging). Participants also indicated that they would continue to grow plants as a hobby.
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No authorship indicated. "Review of Life in the Rank and File: Enlisted Men and Women in the Armed Forces of the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 32, no. 3 (March 1987): 285–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/026953.

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Helm, Ann. "Book Review: Life in the Rank and File: Enlisted Men and Women in the Armed Forces of the United States, Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom." Armed Forces & Society 14, no. 2 (January 1988): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x8801400211.

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Wilson, Mark R. "The Extensive Side of Nineteenth-Century Military Economy: The Tent Industry in the Northern United States during the Civil War." Enterprise & Society 2, no. 2 (June 2001): 297–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/2.2.297.

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Because most histories of military-industrial relations have rested on the examples of arms production and shipbuilding, balanced accounts of military procurement and technologies during the nineteenth century are difficult to find. In fact, weapons and ships accounted for a relatively small fraction of all the goods and services consumed by nineteenth-century armed forces. This article, which describes the tent industry in the United States during the Civil War, suggests that many military enterprises of the period were characterized by an industrial dynamic that was relatively extensive rather than intensive. In the U.S. tent industry, the leading military contractors were mercantile firms, which stood at the center of disintegrated production and distribution networks. Featuring relatively low-capital production arrangements, large numbers of women workers, and powerful mercantile intermediaries who linked manufacturers and army purchasing agents, the Civil War tent business is an example that challenges traditional accounts of the economic foundations of nineteenth-century military capability.
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Ranald, Margaret Loftus. "War and Its Surrogates: Male Combat Sports and Women's Roles." Theatre Research International 23, no. 1 (1998): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300018228.

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War and the military life have traditionally been perceived in most cultures as a sacrosanct ex-periental world devoted to masculine maturation and bonding. By definition both these traditionally male organizations have until now excluded women, treating them as objects to be despised (if not feared), and also the target of active opposition. Note, for instance, the gleeful celebrations among cadets when Shannon L. Faulkner, the first woman admitted (after court order) to The Citadel, a single-sex military college in Charleston, SC, decided after one week in August 1995 that she could not survive the harassment, hi refusing to admit her the institution had claimed that her presence ‘would undermine a proud and legitimate tradition dedicated to molding the minds, bodies and spirits of young men’. The counter argument was that she was being denied equal opportunity to take part in ‘a unique academic environment that requires on-campus residence and that is being built around a system of hardship, competition and bonding, […and] also a lifetime of countless, less tangible benefits’. Such was also the basis of the US Supreme Court's majority opinion written by Ruth Bader Ginsberg (1996) mandating the admission of women to the Virginia Military Institute. Though now federal government supported service academies admit women, nostalgia still exists in certain quarters for the days when the comment, ‘If the army had wanted you to have a wife, they would have issued you one’ summed up the distinctly peripheral position held by wives, who were, and are still, classified as ‘dependants’. But now women are in the United States Armed Forces, in command positions and certain combat units, as well as in the medical corps. The transition is difficult.
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Kozicki, Bartosz, and Szymon Mitkow. "A multidimensional comparative analysis of the labor market in the United States in terms of economic security and its impact on providing logistical support for the US Armed Forces stationed in Poland." Systemy Logistyczne Wojsk 54, no. 1 (July 20, 2021): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37055/slw/140381.

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The study uses a multidimensional comparative analysis of the employed and unemployed in respective US states in four groups of dependent variables in the form of months: January 2020, November 2020, December 2020, January 2021 and its impact on providing logistical support to the US Armed Forces stationed in Poland . The research period of the study covers the impact of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 infectious disease pandemic. It led to a sharp increase in unemployment in April 2020. Such a strong and rapid growth dynamics of unemployment rates in the United States has not yet been recorded in history. An analysis conducted by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates serious damage to the US labor market as a result of the COVID-19 infectious disease. At the end of November 2020 there were 9.8 million fewer people employed than in February (excluding agricultural work which is of a seasonal nature) [https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/12/covid19-pandemic-usa- employment-inequality /, status on 03/27/2021]. In 2020, the US national unemployment rate was at 3.6% in January and reached a record 14.7% in April. It has dropped dramatically since then, to around 6.7% in November, but the recovery has been uneven for women and black people, Latinos and young people - still experiencing high levels of unemployment. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of long-term unemployed has been growing steadily [https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/dec/31/us-unemployment-december-coronavirus as of 03/27/2021]. An analysis of government data from the Pew Research Center shows that job losses during the pandemic hit workers in low-wage jobs particularly hard [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/02/10/unemployed -americans-are-feeling-the-emotional-strain-of-job-loss-most-have-considered-changing-occupations /, as of 27/03/2021]. From December 2019 to December 2020, the percentage decline in employment in low-wage occupations was more than twice as high as in occupations with average wages (-12.5% vs. -5.3%) while employment in high-wage occupations slightly increased in this period [https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/02/10/unemployed-americans-are-feeling-the-emotional-strain-of-job-loss-most-have-considered-changing- occupations /, as of 27/03/2021]. An estimated 20 million people have lost their jobs in the United States. The data was downloaded from the website: https://www.bls.gov/ to conduct the research. They were grouped, inferred and ranked. The last stage of the research was the calculation of unemployment rates in four groups of dependent variables and outlining a bar chart by applying the ranking with the use of the median in four groups of observed variables.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "United States – Armed Forces – Women"

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Frost, Sarah H. "Institutionalized Discrimination: Three Cases in the United States Military." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5021.

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This thesis explores institutionalized discrimination in the United States Military by examining the rationales given for policies that exclude, or limit the military service of racial minorities, women and homosexuals, and the rationales given for altering such policies. outgroups such as racial minorities, women and homosexuals are presumed to be a threat to the white male heterosexual majority within the military services. The presence of these outgroups in the military has been officially characterized as threatening to small-unit cohesion, and therefore threatening to military readiness. This thesis was first based upon the assumption that the rationales favoring discriminatory policies, and rationales favoring reform, would be expressed in the language of small-group theories of cohesion, that is, cohesion based upon the self-categorization of group members, or the interdependence of group members. However, in the data analysis process, two other rationales emerged: the ideological and the bureaucratic rationales. Data illustrating these four rationales were drawn from a content analysis of articles and other commentary published in the New York Times. Statements were crosstabulated by the stance (exclusionist or reformist) they supported and the rationale (self-categorical, interdependent, ideological or bureaucratic) they employed to justify the stance. This analysis was first done separately for each of the three groups, racial minorities, women and homosexuals, and then the data for each of the three outgroups were compared and contrasted. Findings indicate that despite the military's official characterization of outgroups as a threat to small-unit cohesion, relatively little of the debate was expressed in terms of small-group theories of cohesion-the self-categorization of, or interdependence of group members. The most frequently employed rationales were, in fact, ideological in character. Between the three groups, however, some differences in patterns of rationales and stances emerged. The findings are placed in their historical and political contexts to help explain the results of the analysis, and to illuminate the experience of racial minorities, women and homosexuals in the United States military.
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Buttsworth, Sara. "Body count : the politics of representing the gendered body in combat in Australia and the United States." University of Western Australia. History Discipline Group, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0023.

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This thesis is an exploration of the construction of the gendered body in combat in the late twentieth century, in Australia and the United States of America. While it is not a military history, aspects of military history, and representations of war and warriors are used as the vehicle for the analysis of the politics of representing gender. The mythic, the material and the media(ted) body of the gendered warrior are examined in the realms of ‘real’ military histories and news coverage, and in the ‘speculative’ arena of popular culture. Through this examination, the continuities and ruptures inherent in the gendered narratives of war and warriors are made apparent, and the operation of the politics of representing gender in the public arena is exposed. I have utilised a number of different approaches from different disciplines in the construction of this thesis: feminist and non-feminist responses to women in the military; aspects of military histories and mythologies of war specific to Australia and the United States; theories on the construction of masculinities and femininities; approaches to gender identity in popular news media, film and television. Through these approaches I have sought to bring together the history of women in the military institutions of Australia and the United States, and examine the nexus between the expansion of women’s military roles and the emergence of the female warrior hero in popular culture. I have, as a result, analysed the constructions of masculinity and femininity that inform the ongoing association of the military with ‘quintessential masculinity’, and deconstructed the real and the mythic corporeal capacities of the gendered body so important to warrior identity. Regardless, or perhaps because of, the importance of gender politics played out in and through the representations of soldier identity, all their bodies must be considered speculative.
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Krepstekies, Colleen. "News Media Representations of Women in the U.S. Military Post September 11, 2001." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3645.

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This paper examines newspaper portrayals produced by the Washington Post, the New York Times, and the Los Angeles Times of women in the military from Sept. 11, 2001, to Sept. 11, 2009. The purpose was to identify how the three nationally recognized U.S. newspapers depict women’s expanding combat roles on contemporary battlefields that lack definitive front lines. Because the news media are the primary vehicle to update the general public on military matters, how the news media portray military women can play a role in shaping audience perceptions of military women. In turn, this relationship can influence the public debate on issues pertaining to women in the military. For my research method, I employed a longitudinal, qualitative content analysis of news articles that revealed three distinctively themed portrayals of U.S. servicewomen. The thematic findings include: "Tip of the Spear," a largely laudatory category portraying the "new" or "first" generation of servicewomen filling historically uncommon (particularly direct ground combat) roles for women; the "Combat Debate," with coverage listing arguments for and against military women’s expansion into "direct ground combat;" and the "Sexual Assault" category that exposed women as continued victims of sexual assault across the U.S. Armed Forces. The portrayals of women in the "Tip of the Spear," and to a lesser extent in the "Combat Debate," reveal how these three particular newspapers are applying a new formula to represent military women. Rather than portraying military women in stereotypical support roles—or castigating them for transgressing gender norms—the stories from these papers cast the servicewomen performing traditional masculine military activities in a positive light. However, following objective reporting protocol, the reports in the "Combat Debate" category also covered conventional patriarchal concerns to include protecting women from harm, particularly military mothers. Overall, these two categories comprised the greater part of the coverage of military women among the reports in this study, with only a handful of reports covering women as victims. I propose that the many positive portrayals that describe women fulfilling nontraditional masculine roles and activities demonstrate a revised blueprint in how the news media report on military women. Furthermore, while these research results cannot be applied universally outside this study’s sample, I contend that these types of images representing today’s servicewomen on contemporary battlefields increase public acceptance of women in the military and their expanding military assignments.
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Cnossen, Christine Lisa. "Token or full member of the team? : an examination of the utilization and status of women in combat arms positions in the armed forces of Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America." Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3491.

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It is argued in this thesis that because of the androcentric nature of the military institution women in combat arms positions in the armed forces of Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America are or will be tokens. In order to investigate and support the hypothesis several areas of literature had to be examined and interviews undertaken with military policy-makers/advisers, recruiters and retired female brigadier generals.Chapter One examines the broad body of literature in the field of military sociology. This chapter details the history of the evolution of the military from a mercenary force to mass armies sustained by conscription through to all-volunteer forces. It also exammes the effect of technology on the military, the changing role of the military in society, and theories of occupationalization versus the institutionalization/professionalization of the armed forces.Chapter Two examines and critiques the notions of inherent female pacifism and inherent male aggression expounded within some of the feminist literature. By detailmg a cross-cultural history of women warriors and female combatants the aforementioned notions are dismissed as untenable. Chapter Three continues with a presentation of the history of the utilization of women in the armed forces of the three countries from their first unofficial presence as "camp-followers" to the present day expanded roles in combat positions.In Chapter Four the theories of tokenism utilized in this thesis are detailed. This chapter presents and assesses the definitions of "token" and "tokenism". A review of the literature of women in male-dominated occupations and women in the military as "tokens" is also undertaken.The fifth chapter details the methodology utilized in this thesis. The fieldwork and questionnaire developmental processes, the interview questionnaires, details of the respondents and the locations of the interviews, and problems encountered in the research are presented.Chapter Six involves a presentation of the results of the interviews with military policymakers/ advisers, recruiters and retired female general officers. The results are presented on a person-by-person basis followed by overall generalizations and generalizations based on country and occupational category all of which provide the impetus for the supporting of the hypothesis.It is in the eighth chapter that theory is applied to practice in that the theories and definitions of tokens and tokenism are applied to the results of the interviews and supplemented by defence document studies to support the hypothesis that because of the androcentric nature of the military institution women in combat arms positions in the armed forces of Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America are or will be tokens.
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Rupkalvis, Carol Anne Cude 1946. "THE RELATIONSHIP OF HEALTH WITH ROLE ATTITUDES, ROLE STRAIN, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT IN ENLISTED MILITARY MOTHERS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276399.

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Bilger, Kristie A. "The Women's Army Corps and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service a fashioning of American womanhood and citizenship /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1256571475.

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Freeby, Jason S. "An analysis of the United States Marine Corps' Family of Ballistic Protective Systems Acquisition Strategy." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FFreeby.pdf.

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Thesis (Master of Business Administration)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Petross, Diana ; San Miguel, Joseph G. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Marine Corps, Body Armor, Family of Ballistic Protection Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-48). Also available in print.
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Ferry, A. Douglas. "A project to compile and edit a devotional book for military personnel written by members of the United States Chaplains Corps." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1989. http://www.tren.com.

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Bromund, Carl Douglas. "Implementing Strategy in a Budget: A Model of the Coast Guard Reserve." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA236676.

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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.
Thesis Advisor(s): Evered, Roger D. Second Reader: Pike, Roger T. "June 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 20, 2009. DTIC Descriptor(s): Strategy, budgets, strategic materials, management. DTIC Indicator(s): Theses, Coast Guard Reserve, management, strategy, military budgets. Author(s) subject terms: Strategy, budget, U.S. Coast Guard Reserve. Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-84). Also available in print.
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Martin, Matthew K. "Statistical monitoring of suicides in the U.S. Armed Forces." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FMartin.pdf.

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Books on the topic "United States – Armed Forces – Women"

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A, Blacksmith E., ed. Women in the military. New York: Wilson, 1992.

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Gutmann, Stephanie. The kinder, gentler military: Can America's gender-neutral fighting force still win wars? New York: Scribner, 2000.

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Stanley, Sandra Carson. Women in the military. New York, NY: J. Messner, 1993.

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Iskra, Darlene M. Women in the United States armed forces: A guide to the issues. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Security International, 2010.

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Iskra, Darlene M. Women in the United States armed forces: A guide to the issues. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger, 2010.

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Trey, Miller, Malchiodi Andrea, and National Defense Research Institute (U.S.), eds. A new look at gender and minority differences in officer career progression in the military. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2012.

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Schneider, Dorothy. Sound off!: American military women speak out. New York: Paragon House, 1992.

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Rusin, Jo B. Move to the front: The classic guide for military women. Madison, AL: Mentor Enterprises, Inc., 2011.

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Harrell, Margaret C. New opportunities for military women: Effects upon readiness, cohesion, and morale. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1997.

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Brian, Mitchell. Women in the military: Flirting with disaster. Washington, D.C: Regnery Pub., 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "United States – Armed Forces – Women"

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McGuire, Frederick L. "Women in Clinical Psychology and the Armed Forces." In Psychology aweigh! A history of clinical psychology in the United States Navy, 1900-1988., 65–69. Washington: American Psychological Association, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/10069-010.

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Grosso, Catherine M. "The Death Penalty and the United States Armed Forces." In Routledge Handbook on Capital Punishment, 502–19. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315624723-29.

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Lundskow, George. "Women in White Supremacy." In White Supremacy and Anti-Supremacy Forces in the United States, 79–122. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60563-5_3.

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Foss, Benjamin. "Desegregation and Affirmative Action in the United States Armed Forces: A Comparative Model for British Reform?" In The British Army, Manpower and Society into the Twenty-First Century, 156–72. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315039657-13.

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Ríos, Jerónimo. "The Recent Context in Colombia in Historical and Territorial Perspective: Armed Conflict, the Havana Agreement and Its Implementation." In Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies, 49–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24797-2_2.

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AbstractThis paper aims to show the evolution of the violence produced by the Colombian armed conflict from a territorial perspective. After decades of profound weakness of the Colombian state, from the end of the nineties and the beginning of the new century, a process of change in the balance of forces began to take shape. The latter, increasingly favourable to the State and not to the guerrillas, was finally consummated in the first decade of the twenty-first century thanks to a process of militarization accompanied by other factors, such as paramilitarism and assistance from the United States. However, even though a Peace Agreement was signed in 2016 with the most important guerrilla organization in the country, the FARC-EP, many of the elements that traditionally supported violence are still in force. Thus, Colombia is a state that has traditionally had more territory than sovereignty, so that the continuity of drug revenues and other illicit economies, added to the persistence of numerous armed groups—from the ELN to post-paramilitary structures—explains how in part of the traditional geography of violence, the Peace Agreement has not served to overcome many elements associated with violence, which are still unresolved in many cases.
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O’Neill, June, and Dave O’Neill. "Explaining Race and Gender Wage Gaps." In United States Income, Wealth, Consumption, and Inequality, 177–218. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518199.003.0008.

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This chapter uses data from the American Community Survey (ACS) and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort (NLSY79) to calculate wage differentials. Measured wage gaps shrink and are often eliminated when accounting for a variety of factors, suggesting that discrimination may not be the primary driver of earnings differentials. When examining NLSY79 data, differences in schooling, scores on the Armed Forces Qualification Test, and lifetime work experience explain virtually all the difference in hourly pay between minority and white men. For women, controlling for these variables results in a wage premium for minority women. This does not rule out the possibility that the variables controlled for do not themselves reflect past employer discrimination; however, these effects should not be confused with current employer discrimination. The data also suggest that the gender wage gap is driven by different choices made by men and women and not gender discrimination.
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"Influence of Mexicanas Americanas." In Hispanic Women/Latina Leaders Overcoming Barriers in Higher Education, 14–32. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3763-3.ch002.

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Mexican American culture did not originate in one place or even in one country. The culture originated in different regions of the country as the people have moved from place to place, combining the culture of one group with the culture of another as they adapted to a new life. Mexican influences include all their values related to ethics, language, religion, and family; all these make them stand out from the main culture and their influences can be traced from the 1500s, despite the fact that their influence on the history of the United States is deliberately kept vague in textbooks. However, in regard to their religious beliefs, legacy in education, effect on the armed forces, and national organizations, their footprints in the path of our history are clear and easy to read. Their great Mayan, Aztec, Olmeca, and Chichimeca cultures have been remembered and honored and continue to function in their colorful traditions. Government, written history, education, and public media have led the majority of U.S. citizens to believe that Mexican Americans have taken advantage of this country, but they have failed to acknowledge the true history behind the Mexican presence in this country. In this chapter, the author will share the Mexican influence (on food, religion and spirituality education, colonialism to World War II, and the Armed Forces) in the United States, but most importantly, the author will point out the influence of Mexican women/Mexicanas or Chicanas in this country. The chronological overview of Mexicanas is divided into five periods, starting from where they were first settled in the Southwest, then in the Midwest and Pacific Northwest.
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Edy, Carolyn M. "Outstanding and Conspicuous Service." In Reporting World War II, 172–92. Fordham University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9781531503093.003.0009.

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This chapter explores how three war correspondents—Iris Carpenter, Lee Carson, and Ann Stringer—outmaneuvered rapidly shifting battlelines and military regulations to become part of an elite group attached to the “Fighting First” Division of the United States Army in the European Theater of Operations. Despite military policies preventing female war correspondents from covering the front, all three women—Carpenter for the Boston Globe, Carson for International News Service, and Stringer for United Press—used their reporting skills, and the military connections these skills earned them, to find and break news so often that by March 1945 their bylines appeared regularly beneath front-page headlines, often internationally syndicated. In 1946, Carpenter, Carson, and Stringer received theater medals from the United States War Department for “outstanding and conspicuous service with the armed forces under difficult and hazardous combat conditions.”
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Holmes, Amy Austin. "يسقط‎ يسقط‎ حكم‎ العسكر‎ “Down, Down with Military Rule”." In Coups and Revolutions, 74–103. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190071455.003.0004.

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After Hosni Mubarak stepped down, Egypt was ruled by the Supreme Council of Armed Forces (SCAF). During this time, a new form of antimilitarist activism emerged for the first time in Egyptian history. Of the three waves of antigovernment uprisings, this one was perhaps the most revolutionary: the goal was not to topple a single person or to hold elections but rather to dismantle the entrenched power of the armed forces. This chapter offers insights into these groups that fall in between the Muslim Brotherhood/military dichotomy. Many of these groups were led by women. After Mubarak was ousted, certain private companies celebrated the revolution in their advertising, but opposition to the SCAF was never commercialized. Despite egregious human rights abuses committed under the SCAF, neither the business elite nor the United States ever withdrew support from the military junta. However, the SCAF did lose popular support, evidenced when mass protests emerged in July during the Tahrir sit-in, and then again during the Battle of Mohamed Mahmoud in November–December 2011.
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Schlotterbeck, Marian. "September 11, 1973." In When Democracy Breaks, 189–220. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197760789.003.0007.

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Abstract At the height of the Cold War, Chilean president Salvador Allende Gossens’s 1970 election tested the viability of a democratically elected Marxist government. Even before assuming office, Allende faced organized opposition from Chilean economic elites and social conservatives and from the United States. As Allende moved toward Socialism within a long-standing constitutional framework, his opponents worked to undermine the legitimacy of Chile’s political institutions. The September 11, 1973, coup led by General Augusto Pinochet followed the mobilization of a large coalition—including the armed forces, the U.S. government, business elites within and outside of Chile, and, crucially, a sizable portion of the Chilean middle class organized through associations of professionals, shop owners, truck drivers, students, and women—willing to violate democratic process to protect other features of the status quo. Many thought that military intervention would occasion a brief “reset” of the system. Few expected Pinochet’s brutal seventeen-year dictatorship that followed.
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Conference papers on the topic "United States – Armed Forces – Women"

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Veretilnyk, Oleksandr. "Reintegration of former collaborators into the labor market of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan: problems and prospects." In Conferinta stiintifica internationala "Strategii si politici de management in economia contemporana", editia VII. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/icspm2022.26.

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The victory of the ultra-conservative Islamic Taliban movement in the military conflict in Afghanistan led to the flight of hundreds of thousands of people from this country in the summer of 2021, fearing revenge from the Taliban. The reason for this kind of concern was the cooperation of these people with foreign military (primarily from the United States and other NATO countries), who were in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2021. According to members and supporters of the Taliban movement, foreign soldiers were occupiers who illegally attacked Afghanistan and occupied it against the will of the Afghan people, and all these years the Afghan people for the most part provided armed resistance to their presence (waging a liberation jihad against the invaders). The United States and other Western states, retreating under the onslaught of the Taliban from Afghan cities, promised, together with their soldiers, to evacuate from Afghanistan all Afghan citizens who collaborated with the armed forces and intelligence services of NATO countries, but in reality, not everyone could leave Afghan territory with evacuation flights. This article presents the results of a study on the problem of reintegration of non-evacuated Afghans into the Afghan labor market, and also analyzes the role they can play in achieving the sustainable development goals of post-war Afghanistan.
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Hou, Diana, Ewelina Lesniak, Mark Lundquist, Stuart W. Churchill, and William B. Retallick. "The Design of a Catalytic Reactor/Heat Exchanger and Fuel Cell for the Covert Generation of Electricity." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2516.

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A preliminary process design is presented for a 100-kW generator of electricity for covert use by the United States Armed Forces in an arbitrary isolated site. The special features of this analysis are the novel constraints, which consist of the use of a commonly available fuel, portability (less than 450 kg) and maneuverability of the generator and accessories both by air and on the ground, minimal generation of noise, minimal release of readily identifiable gaseous emissions, and simplicity of operation with minimally trained personnel. Fixed and operational costs are not primary considerations.
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Reports on the topic "United States – Armed Forces – Women"

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Teister, Keith J. Organizational Change for the United States Armed Forces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada435834.

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JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF WASHINGTON DC. Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada469187.

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Jefferis, Robert J. Why United States Armed Forces are Needed in Northeast Asia. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada280408.

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Carson, Kenneth R. Basic Pay In The United States All-Volunteer Armed Forces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada377972.

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JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF WASHINGTON DC. Joint Training Manual for the Armed Forces of the United States. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada405513.

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JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF WASHINGTON DC. Joint Warfare of the Armed Forces of the United States. Second Edition. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada306543.

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JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF WASHINGTON DC. Roles, Missions, and Functions of the Armed Forces of the United States. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266034.

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JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF WASHINGTON DC. Joint Training Master Plan 2002 for the Armed Forces of the United States. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419725.

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Inman, Paul T. The Armed Forces of the United States Do Not Need a Joint Logistics Command. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326932.

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Catudal, Joseh T. The Road to Information Dominance: System of Systems" Concept for the United States Armed Forces.". Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada343508.

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