Journal articles on the topic 'United Nations – Popular works'
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1
Mansbach, Steven. "Delayed Discovery or Willful Forgetting? The Reception of Polish Classical Modernism in America." Slavic Review 71, no. 3 (2012): 489–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.71.3.0489.
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Polish modern art was collected by leading figures within America's cultural vanguard. Most prized the art's stylistic innovation; they were likely unaware of the ideological charge that animated modernism's makers. By the end of the 1930s, numerous exhibitions of Polish art had been mounted in the United States; however, few concentrated on strikingly innovative works, preferring instead traditional themes, genres, and styles. Nonetheless, Poland's modernist efforts garnered popular success at the New York World's Fair of 1939. The modern art from other central and eastern European nations was actively promoted by its makers, who had immigrated to the United States. Poland's modern art did not benefit from a similar presence, its modernists having mostly elected to remain in their native land. The paucity of Polish artists in 1930s America compromised their chance to exercise an influential role just as the United States was consolidating an international canon of modern art.
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Feller, Daniel, and John Lauritz Larson. "Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States." Journal of American History 88, no. 4 (March 2002): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700637.
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Bergeron, Paul H., and John Lauritz Larson. "Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States." Journal of the Early Republic 21, no. 3 (2001): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3125282.
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Freyer, Tony A., and John Lauritz Larson. "Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States." American Journal of Legal History 45, no. 1 (January 2001): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3185356.
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Kryvak, Tetyana. "THE UNITED NATIONS IN THE MODERN WORLD AND ISSUES OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN ITS ACTIVITIES." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 67 (August 9, 2022): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2022.67.11.
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The role of forensic science and the work of an expert in the activities of the United Nations is considered. The author analyzes the main and most popular areas of involvement of forensic experts, the requirements for their qualifications, as well as guarantees for the protection of their activities. It is noted that the United Nations is increasingly emphasizing the importance of further increasing the role of forensic science in the administration of criminal justice and the need to further develop the international relations of forensic institutions in the world. It is concluded that the considered United Nations approaches to the issues of forensic examination and examples of the use of forensic expertise in the activities of this Organization and the participating States in the implementation of the provisions of the United Nations Charter and international treaties are not exhaustive. Every year the need for forensic experts at the level of the United Nations and other international organizations is increasing, including the need for specialists in new areas of forensic research. In addition, the requirements and standards for forensic experts are being tightened, taking into account the challenges of the time and realities, their methods of work are being improved, the principles of international cooperation are changing, which, in turn, will indicate an improvement in the quality of forensic activities in general. Key words: forensic examination, forensic and expert field, United Nations.
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Klein, Maury. "Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States (review)." Technology and Culture 44, no. 1 (2003): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tech.2003.0027.
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Kidd, Geraldine. "Eleanor Roosevelt’s blindspot:." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2011 (January 1, 2011): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2011.24.
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Eleanor Roosevelt was an American Hero. She had overcome great personal adversity by the time she read the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the General Assembly of the United Nations in December 1948. The occasion represented the pinnacle of her life’s work as an esteemed humanitarian. The title, “First Lady of the World”, bestowed upon her by President Harry Truman was considered well deserved in view of her efforts for social justice and the protection of minorities – for those whose lives had been shattered by the Great Depression, for African Americans and for European Jewry when it was targeted by Hitler. While the stories of the years of her marriage to Franklin Delano Roosevelt have attracted the attention of historians and resulted in numerous scholarly and popular works, the post-White House period has been thus far neglected. It is this latter stage that my research considers. It is ...
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Ward, James A. "Reviews of Books:Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States John Lauritz Larson." American Historical Review 107, no. 1 (February 2002): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/532143.
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Romanenkova, Julia V. "Archetypes of Boris Smotrov`s works as a tool for national self-identification of the individual in chaotic conditions of the turn of the 21st century." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 60 (2021): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-60-237-248.
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The paper discusses the works of Moscow artist Boris Smotrov. It provides a general analysis of the tools of his artistic style as well as the data on his main vectors of creative activity (painting, poster graphics). The author dwells on the master’s works in the field of painting, focusing on national themes. The study distinguishes dominant blocks of the painter's works (landscape, thematic painting), detects specifics of the artistic language, methods of working with color, his mastering of the line and pays attention to the interaction of painting and graphics in B. Smotrov’s creative baggage and his decorative manner. The paper addressees the main archetypes in the works of Smotrov (firebird, cow, apple, spring, Maslenitsa, etc.). The propensity for allegorical language is explained by his competent use of artistic means of creating a poster. The author analyzes individual features of B. Smotrov’s work with color, the creation of his own author's “patchwork” style as a result of creative transformation and rethinking of the influence of various styles and manners of individual artists, from A. Matisse to K. Petrov-Vodkin. The art of the master acts as an effective tool for debunking myths about the cheap popular character of Russian national motifs, and for combating superficial perceptions of them. The paper highlights worldview universals in culture as well as main problems of the art of the turning periods, one of which includes the creative path of B. Smotrov. The author pays special attention to the works of B. Smotrov as a tool for national self-identification of a creative person in conditions of cultural chaos at the turn of the century since they are on display at personal and collective exhibitions not only in Russia, but also in Austria, China, Korea, the United States and stored not only in Russian museums (Moscow, Perm, Tula), but also in private collections in China, USA, Switzerland. The study comes to the conclusion that “patchwork style” by Boris Smotrov is a quintessence of the Russian in his works.
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Dmytriv, Iryna. "CREATIVITY OF “LOGOS” WRITERS THE PERIOD OF EMIGRATION." Polish Studies of Kyiv, no. 35 (2019): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/psk.2019.35.121-126.
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The article attempts an integrated analysis of the creativity of the “Logos” group activities of the emigration period on the background of the literary process of the first half of the twentieth century. The aesthetic, religious and national principles that underlie the multifaceted activity of the “Logos” are considered. The “Logos” group should be described by six writers: Hryhor Luzhnytsky, Olexandr-Mykola Moh, Stepan Semchuk, Petro Sosenko (junior), Vasyl Melnyk and Roman Skazynsky. Hryhor Luzhnytsky is the author of more than 500 artistic, scientific, popular scientific works, numerous journalistic works, reviews, essays. After leaving for the United States in 1949, the writer continues his activity and takes on adventure and sensational and spyware. Vasyl Melnyk (Limnychenko) is a “writer-wanderer” and a “political emigrant”. Beyond the borders of his native land continues to write poetry (“Ode to the book”, “Ballad about the Truth”, “Ballad about White Letters”, “Ballad about the Sun in the Bridge” and others). A certain generalization of the writer’s life experiences was his journalistic works “Ukrainian Crusaders”, “Religion and Life”. A peculiar “bridge” between poetry and journalism became essays. Stepan Semchuk − a poet, a journalist, a publicist. Becoming a priest, Stepan Semchuk leaves for Canada, but he does not cease to write there. Out of his native land he published poetic collections. Stepan Semchuk worked as an active publicist, author of the historical and literary articles. Association of catholic writers “Logos” was occupied noticeable place in literary life of Western Ukraine of intermilitary period of the 20th century. “Logos” writers expressly declared that they were the creators of Catholic literature, and tried to outline the concept of “Catholic worldview” and “Catholic literature”. Ideological principles of “Logos” were a christian moral; the main tasks were popularization of religious subject and christian ethics. “Logos” writers literary works are skilful collage of biblical images, motifs, allusions, reminiscences, christian ceremonies, symbols.
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Stefanovich, Petr S. "The “Slavic-Russian Nation” in the Historical Literature of Ukraine and Russia from the 1600s to the mid-1700s." Slovene 9, no. 2 (2020): 417–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2020.9.2.9.
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The article analyzes the history of the concept of a “Slavic-Russian nation”. The concept was first used by Zacharia Kopystenskij in 1624, but its wide occurrence starts in 1674, when Synopsis, the first printed history of Russia, was published in Kiev. In the book, “Slavic-Russian nation” refers to an ancient Slavic people, which preceded the “Russian nation” (“rossiyskiy narod”) of the time in which the book was written. Uniting “Slavs” and “Russians” (“rossy”) into one “Slavic-Russian nation”, the author of Synopsis followed the idea which was proposed but not specifically defined by M. Stryjkovskij in his Chronicle (1582) and, later, by the Kievan intellectuals of the 1620s–30s. The construction of Synopsis was to prove that “Russians” (“rossy”) were united by both the common Slavic origin and the Church Slavonic language used by the Orthodox Slavic peoples. According to Synopsis, they were also supposed to be united by the Muscovite tsar’s authority and the Orthodox religion. The whole conception made Synopsis very popular in Russia in the late 17th century and later. Earlier in the 17th-century literature of the Muscovite State, some authors also proposed ethno-genetic constructions based on Stryjkovskij’s Chronicle and other Renaissance historiography. Independently from the Kievan literature, the word “Slavic-Russian” was invented (first appearance in the Legend about Sloven and Rus, 1630s). Both the Kievan and Muscovite constructions of a mythical “Slavic-Russian nation” aimed at making an “imagined” ethno-cultural nation. They contributed to forming a new Russian imperial identity in the Petrine epoch. However, the concept of a “Slavic-Russian nation” was not in demand in the political discourse of the Petrine Empire. It was sporadically used in the historical works of the 18th century (largely due to the influence of Synopsis), but played no significant role in the proposed interpretations of Russian history.
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Leffler, Yvonne. "Svensk 1800-talslitteratur i världen." Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 48, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2018): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v48i1-2.7597.
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Swedish Literature as World Literature in the Nineteenth Century. Top Selling Novels by Women Writers
So far, Swedish literary history has been the construction of a nation’s cultural heritage based on certain authorships. This most certainly was the case when the history of the Swedish nineteenth-century novel was written. In textbooks, the important writers before Strindberg and Lagerlöf are Carl Jonas Love Almqvist and Viktor Rydberg. Sometimes a couple of female novelists are included, such as Fredrika Bremer and Emilie Flygare-Carlén. The actual circulation of Swedish novels in translation shows another picture. While Bremer and Flygare-Carlén, together with Marie Sophie Schwartz, were very popular novelists in both Europe and the United States, Almqvist’s and Rydberg’s novels reached very few readers outside of Scandinavia. This article aims to examine the export of Swedish novels in the nineteenth century. Statistics based on the SWED database, constructed in connection to the research project Swedish Women Writers on Export in the Nineteenth Century, is used to describe the distribution of Swedish novels across borders and their translation into different target languages. Similarities and dissimilarities in distribution and reception will be discussed, as well as some of the reasons behind these differences. The number of translated titles, as well as the transcultural circulation of the three most translated and top-selling novelists, Bremer, Flygare-Carlén and Schwartz, are compared to the circulation of Almqvist’s and Rydberg’s translated works. Based on these comparisons, it becomes obvious that if the history of Swedish literature were written from a transcultural perspective based on the contemporary audience’s choice of literary works and writers, it would look very different from the nation-based literary history of today. For example, Almqvist and Rydberg would be edged out by female novelists such as Bremer,Flygare-Carlén, and Schwartz.
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Wong, Rowena SY, Noor Azina Ismail, and Cheng Cheng Tan. "An External Independent Validation of APACHE IV in a Malaysian Intensive Care Unit." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 44, no. 4 (April 15, 2015): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v44n4p127.
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Introduction: Intensive care unit (ICU) prognostic models are predominantly used in more developed nations such as the United States, Europe and Australia. These are not that popular in Southeast Asian countries due to costs and technology considerations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the suitability of the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) IV model in a single centre Malaysian ICU. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted at the single centre ICU in Hospital Sultanah Aminah (HSA) Malaysia. External validation of APACHE IV involved a cohort of 916 patients who were admitted in 2009. Model performance was assessed through its calibration and discrimination abilities. A first-level customisation using logistic regression approach was also applied to improve model calibration. Results: APACHE IV exhibited good discrimination, with an area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.78. However, the model’s overall fit was observed to be poor, as indicated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test (Ĉ = 113, P <0.001). Predicted in-ICU mortality rate (28.1%) was significantly higher than the actual in-ICU mortality rate (18.8%). Model calibration was improved after applying first-level customisation (Ĉ = 6.39, P = 0.78) although discrimination was not affected. Conclusion: APACHE IV is not suitable for application in HSA ICU, without further customisation. The model’s lack of fit in the Malaysian study is attributed to differences in the baseline characteristics between HSA ICU and APACHE IV datasets. Other possible factors could be due to differences in clinical practice, quality and services of health care systems between Malaysia and the United States. Key words: Mortality, Prognostic models, Severity of illness
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Williams, Paul D. "How United Nations Peacekeeping Works." International Peacekeeping 28, no. 1 (December 10, 2020): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2020.1848429.
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Nel, Eben. "Estate Planning and Wills Across Borders: Sometimes a Quagmire in the Making." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 24 (October 13, 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2021/v24i0a8396.
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In this article a synoptic evaluation is made in respect of the estate planning and wills of South African nationals working, investing or living in foreign jurisdictions, in the broader context of globalisation and internationalisation. Estate planners and testators may inadvertently leave family members in a financially vulnerable position or diminish family assets due to a non-appreciation of international private law. The importance of international wills, the role of testamentary trusts, and the potential impact and reciprocity of international instruments are considered. The most applicable Hague Conventions and the EU Succession and Matrimonial Property Regulations are discussed in an attempt to give an overview of the current legal position. In discussing the role of international private law, its practical application is illustrated by way of reference to a few jurisdictions popular among South Africans with multi-jurisdictional estates, namely Malta, Portugal, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Although there may be more popular emigration jurisdictions amongst South Africans, this contribution focusses on the South African who lives, works and plays in a European context, without necessarily cutting his or her ties with the homeland. Not all attempts to harmonise wills, deceased estates, succession and matrimonial property regimes have been met with the same levels of enthusiasm by the international community. Contributing hereto may be the fact that fiduciary law deals with sensitive and very personal aspects of individuals and is closely linked to the different worldviews of communities. It is argued that not only fiduciary advisers and will drafters, but also attorneys and notaries involved with prenuptial agreements, should be proficient in the workings and implications of the applicable international instruments. Lastly, an argument is made for more pragmatic and commercial style thinking in the arena of fiduciary law.
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Suzdaltsev, Ilya. "Modern English Historiography of the Communist International: A General Overview." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 4 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640013465-9.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the 21st-century English-language historiography of the Communist International. Contemporary historians are showing increasing interest in the study of this international organization. Three available conceptual approaches to this topic (“traditionalist”, “revisionist”, and “post-revisionist”) are considered and characterized, the works of historians from Great Britain, the USA, Canada, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand are analyzed. The article demonstrates an increase in research interest in the Communist International. In a fairly large volume of studies, there are monographs and articles devoted to the organization both directly (the historiography of the Comintern, the activities of its sections around the world, etc.) and indirectly, i.e., to related issues such as the history of communism, in particular, and the left forces, in general, international relations of Soviet Russia, the communist movement in individual countries, etc. These studies touch on the period of the Comintern's activity from 1920 to the end of the 1930s, including several controversial issues: the impact on the policy of the national communist parties of the “The Twenty-one Conditions”, united front tactics, Bolshevization, Stalinization, and the Popular Front. The author believes that most of the studies (especially those published in the first decade of the 21st century) are based on studies published long before the 2000s, however, archival materials are being used in increasing volumes, which makes modern research more objective. This gives grounds for a conclusion about the revision of the historiographic tradition of the Comintern that existed in the 20th century: new approaches (“revisionist” and “post-revisionist”) entailed a change in emphasis and a revision of some established points of view. Authors adhering to these approaches rely mainly on modern literature (including Russian) and a wide source base represented by materials from both national archives and the Russian State Archives of Social-Political History.
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Wright, Robert E. "John Lauritz Larson. Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. xv + 324 pp. ISBN 0-8078-2595-6, $55.00 (cloth); 0-8078-4911-1, $19.95 (paper)." Enterprise & Society 3, no. 1 (March 2002): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700005656.
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Wright, R. E. "John Lauritz Larson. Internal Improvement: National Public Works and the Promise of Popular Government in the Early United States. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. xv + 324 pp. ISBN 0-8078-2595-6, $55.00 (cloth); 0-8078-4911-1, $19.95 (paper)." Enterprise and Society 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/3.1.169.
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Diehl, Paul F., and Michael J. Montgomery. "An Assessment of Simulations on an : International Organization." News for Teachers of Political Science 47 (1985): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0197901900003251.
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Simulation is an increasingly popular pedagogical device; much of the recent literature on the theory and practice of political science instruction attests to this. Probably the most popular simulation device is called model United Nations. In recent articles in Teaching Political Science and NEWS for Teachers of Political Science, William Hazelton and James Jacob have described Model United Nations in glowing terms, focusing on one particular conference and completely ignoring the rest of the 200 or more conferences held annually across the United States.Like Jacob and Hazelton, we recognize the great potential value of United Nations simulations in trying to illuminate the often confusing politics of international organizations. As former participants and directors of these programs, however, we are keenly aware of the shortcomings and difficulties associated with the existing structure of model U.N. programs.
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Hananto, Brian Alvin. "IMPLEMENTASI BUDAYA KOREA PADA PERANCANGAN IDENTITAS VISUAL “MIREOKKI”." Jurnal Dimensi DKV Seni Rupa dan Desain 5, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jdd.v5i1.6855.
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The Implementation of Korean Culture in Mireokki’s Visual Identity Design. Globalization made Indonesia exposed to other nation’s cultures. One of the mainstream cultures that are being exposed to Indonesian peoples is the popular culture of Korea. From foods, music, films, lifestyles and also design artifacts from Korea can be found here in Indonesia. One of Korean’s food that is widely favored in Indonesia is tteokbokkis, in which tteokbokki became the basis for food innovation development conducted by Stefani Octavia from the department of Food Technology, Universitas Pelita Harapan. On a collaborative work held by the Department of Food Technology and the Department of Visual Communication Design, there is a visual identity design made by Shella Subagia towards the product developed by Octavia, called “Mireokki”. Using qualitative design methods, Subagia succeeded in designing a logo, packaging, digital promotion media and brand activation which incorporates visuals from the Korean culture. This article contains the research and assessment that the author had done on the design works made by Subagia. The conclusion is that the form implementation of external contexts can be performed when the designer had the basic ability to create a design that is coherent and also united. </p><p><br /><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Implementasi Budaya Korea pada Perancangan Identitas Visual “Mireokki”. Globalisasi membuat kita semakin terekspos dengan budaya-budaya luar. Salah satu bentuk budaya populer yang tengah dikonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia adalah budaya Korea. Mulai dari makanan, musik, film, gaya hidup sampai artefak-artefak desain dari Korea banyak ditemukan di Indonesia. Salah satu makanan Korea yang tengah digemari di Indonesia adalah tteokbokki. Jenis makanan tersebut menjadi referensi dari pengembangan makanan dan inovasi yang dilakukan oleh Stefani Octavia dari program studi Teknologi Pangan Universitas Pelita Harapan. Pengembangan dilakukan dalam rangka kerjasama antara program studi Teknologi Pangan dan Desain Komunikasi Visual, melalui perancangan identitas visual oleh Shella Subagia terhadap produk inovasi Octavia yang bernama “Mireokki”. Dengan menggunakan metode perancangan kualitatif, Subagia berhasil menggagas perancangan logo, kemasan, media digital promosi dan juga brand activation yang mengimplementasikan karakter visual dari budaya Korea. Tulisan ini berisi penelitian dan penilaian kritis terhadap proses perancangan yang dilakukan oleh Subagia. Simpulan yang dihasilkan bahwa implementasi rupa dari konteks eksternal dapat dilakukan selama desainer memiliki kemampuan dasar untuk menggagas desain yang koheren dan menyatu.</p>
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KENNEDY, DENNIS. "Shakespeare: histories and nations." European Review 13, no. 3 (July 2005): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798705000475.
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Shakespeare's history plays have been taken as a grand epic of the English nation, especially in the period after World War II when they were performed in marathon cycles in the English theatre. As a group, these works investigate and question the meaning of authority, kingship, and nation in an unparalleled way. Shakespeare is the world's most popular playwright, his work staged and filmed in a huge variety of locations around the globe, yet the history plays have traditionally not spoken as directly to other nations as do the comedies and tragedies. Using the analogy oftrans-national sport, this essay looks at the changing position of the history plays in contemporary Europe and in the larger world.
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Kammen, Douglas. "Fragments of utopia: Popular yearnings in East Timor." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 40, no. 2 (April 29, 2009): 385–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463409000216.
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Six months after the historic August 1999 referendum in which the people of East Timor voted to reject Indonesia's offer of broad autonomy, the newly appointed chief of the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor, Sérgio Vieira de Mello, commented to CNN on the enormous challenge of setting the territory on the road to independence: ‘It is a test case, therefore it is even a laboratory case where we can transform utopia into reality. But I think we can try and get it right in the case of Timor.’ After 24 years of brutal military occupation, the suggestion that East Timor was to be a laboratory case for the United Nations might have seemed insulting, the notion of utopia absurd. Hundreds of thousands of people were without housing. Basic infrastructure lay in ruins. Commodities were scarce and those goods available were sold at grossly inflated prices. Eleven thousand foreign troops had arrived to restore security. Tens of thousands of refugees were still living in squalid camps across the border in Indonesian West Timor, many against their will. Nevertheless, Vieira de Mello's statement neatly captured the twin aspirations of the time — the independence long-dreamed of by East Timorese and the opportunity for the United Nations literally to build a state from the ground up. In the same CNN report, East Timorese Nobel Laureate José Ramos-Horta emphasised precisely this point: ‘This is the first instance in the history of the UN that the UN has managed completely an entire country; and they have a [Timorese pro-independence] movement that is very cooperative, they have an exceptional people that's cooperating with them, so they cannot fail. They are condemned to succeed because failure would be disastrous for the credibility of the UN, so they simply cannot afford to fail.’ Utopia, it seems, had become a necessity.
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Wallace, Don. "UNCITRAL's hard non-law: the legal guide on drawing up international contracts for construction of industrial works." Leiden Journal of International Law 1, no. 1 (May 1988): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500000704.
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In a matter of weeks or months, the United Nations will publish the Legal Guide on Drawing Up International Contracts for Construction of Industrial Works (‘Legal Guide’ or ‘Guide’). The preparation of the Guide had been formally decided upon by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (‘UNCITRAL’ or ‘Commission’) in 1981, and the completed Guide approved for publication by the Commission in August 1987 in Vienna.
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Linos, Katerina, and Tom Pegram. "What Works in Human Rights Institutions?" American Journal of International Law 111, no. 3 (July 2017): 628–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2017.65.
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AbstractSince 1993, the United Nations has promoted national human rights institutions (NHRIs); these have spread to almost 120 countries. We assess what makes NHRIs effective, using quantitative and qualitative methods. We find that formal institutional safeguards contribute greatly to NHRI efficacy even in authoritarian and transition regimes. Complaint-handling mandates are particularly useful because they help NHRIs build broad bases of support. Our findings show how international organizations can wield great influence with soft tools such as recommendations and peer-review mechanisms.
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Wim, Chandra. "To the Nations for the Earth: A Missional Spirituality." Veritas: Jurnal Teologi dan Pelayanan 19, no. 2 (January 5, 2021): 229–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36421/veritas.v19i2.359.
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In the last two or three decades, we have witnessed a renewed interest in spirituality in Christian academic circles. More recently, we have also seen a growing number of publications on the mission and missional church—both on popular and academic levels. While one can easily find many quality works on Christian spirituality and some decent books on mission/missional church, one would only find a few works that combine both themes in a single volume. In this work, Charles Fensham, professor of theology at Knox College, Toronto, attempts to do just that—as one may discern from the book’s subtitle: A Missional Spirituality. As such, this book addresses those who have interest in spirituality and/or in mission but particularly to those who would like to see how biblical missional impetus shapes a particular understanding of Christian spirituality.
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Choi, Young-Chool. "Network analysis regarding international organisations and donors of humanitarian aid." Linguistics and Culture Review 6 (January 4, 2022): 138–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6ns5.2082.
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This study aims to evaluate the status of the partnerships with important international organizations that Korea employs in operating its foreign aid projects from a humanitarian point of view. On the basis of this information, Korea intends to seek ways of effectively supporting underdeveloped countries through future co-operation with these organizations. The main international organizations analyzed are the World Food Programmer (WFP), the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the (United Nations) Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). These international organizations support underdeveloped countries through co-operative relationships not only with Korea but also with important donor countries of the OECD. This study focuses on establishing the factors that Korea needs to consider when providing humanitarian aid in the future to underdeveloped countries via such international organizations.
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Pilch, Janice T. "U.S. Copyright Relations with Central, East European, and Eurasian Nations in Historical Perspective." Slavic Review 65, no. 2 (2006): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4148596.
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In the last decade, the international copyright environment has been transformed by the rise of digital technology and by a new emphasis on intellectual property as a key to global economic growth. Recent trends have coincided with developments in the postcommunist nations of central and eastern Europe and Eurasia and have changed the rules for the use and dissemination of works originating in these nations. In this article, Janice T. Pilch examines recent developments in a historical context, from the origins of the international copyright system in the mid-nineteenth century and the establishment of U.S. copyright relations with central and east European nations in the early twentieth century, to integration within the international copyright regime today. The chronology details the application of U.S. copyright law to works from these nations, illustrating the effects of copyright restoration in the mid-1990s to foreign works that had previously been in the public domain in the United States, a development of foremost concern to scholars, educators, and librarians whose efforts depend on the continued availability of information.
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Walsh-Buhi, Eric, Rebecca Fagen Houghton, Claire Lange, Ryli Hockensmith, John Ferrand, and Lourdes Martinez. "Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Information on Instagram: Content Analysis." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 7 (July 27, 2021): e23876. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23876.
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Background There is still an HIV epidemic in the United States, which is a substantial issue for populations bearing a disproportionate burden of HIV infections. Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has proven to be safe and effective in reducing HIV acquisition risk. However, studies document that PrEP awareness/usage is low. There is also limited understanding of social media platforms, such as Instagram, as PrEP information sources. Objective Given the paucity of research on PrEP-related Instagram posts and popularity of this social media platform, the purpose of this research is to describe the source characteristics, image types, and textual contents of PrEP-related posts on Instagram. Methods Using Crowdtangle Search, a public insights tool owned/operated by Facebook, we retrieved publicly accessible and English-language-only Instagram posts for the 12-month period preceding April 22, 2020, using the following terms: Truvada or “pre-exposure prophylaxis” or #truvada or #truvadaprep or #truvadawhore or #truvadaforprep. We employed a qualitative coding methodology to manually extract information from posts. Using a pretested codebook, we performed content analysis on 250 posts, examining message and source characteristics (ie, organization type [eg, government, news] and individual type [eg, physician]), including information about PrEP (eg, how it works, cost), and indicated users. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for all categorical variables. A Chi-square test was conducted to determine differences between source types on a variety of message characteristics. Results Three-quarters of the posts (193/250, 77.2%) were posted by organizations. Of the 250 posts reviewed, approximately two-thirds (174/250, 69.6%) included a photograph, more than half (142/250, 56.8%) included an infographic, and approximately one-tenth (30/250, 12%) included a video. More than half defined PrEP (137/250, 54.8%), but fewer posts promoted PrEP use, explained how PrEP works, and included information on the effectiveness of PrEP or who can use it. The most commonly hashtagged populations among posts were men who have sex with men (MSM), but not necessarily bisexual men. Few posts contained race-/ethnicity-related hashtags (11/250, 4.4%). Fewer posts contained transgender-associated tags (eg, #transgirl; 5/250, 2%). No posts contained tags related to heterosexuals or injection drug users. We found statistical differences between source types (ie, individual versus organization). Specifically, posts from organizations more frequently contained information about who can use PrEP, whereas posts from individuals more frequently contained information describing adverse effects. Conclusions This study is among the first to review Instagram for PrEP-related content, and it answers the National AIDS Strategy’s call for a clearer articulation of the science surrounding HIV risk/prevention through better understanding of the current public information environment. This study offers a snapshot of how PrEP is being discussed (and by whom) on one of the most popular social media platforms and provides a foundation for developing and implementing PrEP promotion interventions on Instagram.
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REHM, PHILIPP, JACOB S. HACKER, and MARK SCHLESINGER. "Insecure Alliances: Risk, Inequality, and Support for the Welfare State." American Political Science Review 106, no. 2 (May 2012): 386–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055412000147.
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Popular support for the welfare state varies greatly across nations and policy domains. We argue that these variations—vital to understanding the politics of the welfare state—reflect in part the degree to which economic disadvantage (low income) and economic insecurity (high risk) are correlated. When the disadvantaged and insecure are mostly one and the same, the base of popular support for the welfare state is narrow. When the disadvantaged and insecure represent two distinct groups, popular support is broader and opinion less polarized. We test these predictions both across nations within a single policy area (unemployment insurance) and across policy domains within a single polity (the United States, using a new survey). Results are consistent with our predictions and are robust to myriad controls and specifications. When disadvantage and insecurity are more correlated, the welfare state is more contested.
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Robson, Laura. "REFUGEES AND THE CASE FOR INTERNATIONAL AUTHORITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST: THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND THE UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND WORKS AGENCY FOR PALESTINIAN REFUGEES IN THE NEAR EAST COMPARED." International Journal of Middle East Studies 49, no. 4 (October 16, 2017): 625–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743817000629.
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AbstractIn the immediate aftermath of World War I, the newly formed League of Nations saw Middle Eastern refugees—particularly displaced Armenians and Assyrians scattered in camps across the Eastern Mediterranean—as venues for working out new forms of internationalism. In the late 1940s, following the British abandonment of the Palestine Mandate and the subsequent Zionist expulsion of most of the Palestinian Arab population, the new United Nations revived this concept of a refugee crisis requiring international intervention. This paper examines the parallel ways in which advocates for both the nascent League of Nations and the United Nations made use of mass refugee flows to formulate arguments for new, highly visible, and essentially permanent iterations of international authority across the Middle East.
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Duursma, Allard, and John Gledhill. "Voted out: Regime type, elections and contributions to United Nations peacekeeping operations." European Journal of International Relations 25, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 1157–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066119830773.
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Previous research has suggested that leaders of democratic regimes are particularly willing to contribute troops to United Nations peacekeeping operations because backing ‘liberal’ peacekeeping allows them to support the diffusion of liberal institutions. However, evidence used to sustain this argument is based on contribution patterns during the decade of peacekeeping that followed the Cold War. In this article, we argue that there has been a reversal in the relative willingness of democratic and non-democratic governments to provide the United Nations with peacekeepers since then. Specifically, we propose that the introduction of more ‘robust’ forms of peacekeeping during the 1990s has rendered democratic governments reluctant to contribute large numbers of peacekeepers to United Nations operations because elected leaders are now concerned that voters may object to the deployment of national troops to high-risk humanitarian missions in which there is no clear national interest. By contrast, non-democratic leaders partly discount public opinion because they are less reliant on popular support to retain power. Thus, when non-democrats see that contributing troops to United Nations peacekeeping will bring them reputational and/or resource benefits, they are willing to contribute peacekeepers — and on a large scale. We test our claims quantitatively. We find that since the 1990s, democratic governments have remained more likely than non-democrats to contribute some troops to United Nations peacekeeping operations, but non-democratic governments have been more likely to make large-scale contributions. We also find that governments have been especially reluctant to make sizeable contributions to peacekeeping when elections have been on the horizon.
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MacKenzie, Scott, and Anna Westerstahl Stenport. "Visualizing climate change in the Arctic and beyond: Participatory media and the United Nations Conference of the Parties (COP), and interactive Indigenous Arctic media." Journal of Environmental Media 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jem_00007_1.
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Impactful communication remains a vexing problem for climate science researchers and public outreach. This article identifies a range of moving images and screen-based media used to visualize climate change, focusing especially on the Arctic region and the efforts of the United Nations. The authors examine the aesthetics of big data visualization of melting sea ice and glaciers made by NASA and similar entities; eye-witness, expert accounts and youth-produced documentaries designed for United Nations delegates to the annual COP events such as the Youth Climate Report; Please Help the World, the dystopian cli-fi narrative produced for the UN’s COP 15; and Isuma TV’s streaming of works by Indigenous practitioners in Nunavut.
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Hamlin, Rebecca. "International Law and Administrative Insulation: A Comparison of Refugee Status Determination Regimes in the United States, Canada, and Australia." Law & Social Inquiry 37, no. 04 (2012): 933–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.2012.01292.x.
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International law provides nations with a common definition of a refugee, yet the processes by which countries determine who should be granted refugee status look strikingly different, even across nations with many institutional, cultural, geographical, and political similarities. This article compares the refugee status determination regimes of three popular asylum seeker destinations—the United States, Canada, and Australia. Despite these nations' similar border control policies, asylum seekers crossing their borders access three very different systems. These differences have less to do with political debates over admission and border control policy than with the level of insulation the administrative decision-making agency enjoys from political interference and judicial review. Bureaucratic justice is conceptualized and organized differently in different states, and so states vary in how they draw the line between refugee and nonrefugee.
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Keeley, Michael. "A “Matter of Opinion, What Tends to the General Welfare”: Governing the Workplace." Business Ethics Quarterly 10, no. 1 (January 2000): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857710.
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Abstract:Opinion surveys and popular media suggest that American workers are disillusioned with their employers and bosses. Governance in organizations is becoming a recognized problem. Classical works on governance call for more virtuous leaders, less selfish followers, and closer attention to the common good. These works were rejected as a basis for governing nations in the 18th century. They are unlikely to provide a basis for governing organizations in the 21st century. This article outlines a liberal-democratic approach to governing corporations, applies this approach to debates over shareholder-stakeholder accountabilities, and proposes special accountabilities to employees.
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Gibbs, David N. "Dag Hammarskjöld, the United Nations, and the Congo Crisis of 1960–1: a Reinterpretation." Journal of Modern African Studies 31, no. 1 (March 1993): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00011861.
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The Congo constituted the largest peace-keeping operation in the history of the United Nations, at least until recently, being only exceeded in scale by current actions in Yugoslavia, Cambodia, and Somalia. It included, during 1960–4, not only civilian advisers who helped run the central règime in Lèopoldiville, but also an army which, at full strength, comprised 19,000 troops. They intervened extensively in the politics of the country, thereby not conforming to the popular image of a passive ‘peace-keeping’ force.
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Grabowska, Genowefa. "Identification of Customary International Law in the Works of the United Nations International Law Commission." Wroclaw Review of Law, Administration & Economics 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wrlae-2018-0033.
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Londoño-Pineda, Abraham Allec, and Jose Alejandro Cano. "Assessments under the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals: A Bibliometric Analysis." Environmental and Climate Technologies 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0014.
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Abstract The United Nations announced its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development worldwide in 2015. Comprehensive assessments of member states’ performance towards achieving the related UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have since become a major challenge for national and subnational governments. This article presents a bibliometric analysis on the assessment of SDGs, at both the general and specific levels, based on 418 publications obtained from Scopus. The general level of analysis includes the number, types, and subject areas of documents published each year, as well as considerations such as the most-cited publications and the leading authors, journals, countries, institutional affiliations, and funders. The specific level of analysis includes a study of the relevant concepts in the publications and their relationships, allowing for the identification of predominant assessments under the 2030 Agenda, and of the most-often evaluated SDGs. Results indicated a focus on measuring impacts and risks, with SDGs 3, 6, 13, 7, 8, and 4 having been assessed the most often among the 17 SDGs, which is consistent with findings in prevalent subject areas such as environmental sciences, social sciences, medicine, and energy. Future works should address assessments under the 2030 Agenda more comprehensively, including analyses on trade-offs among the SDGs and on the transversal nature of some of these goals.
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Setiawan, D. "Architecture as a tool to achieve the 17 United Nation Sustainable Development Goals." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 998, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/998/1/012039.
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Abstract As a researcher and architect, the author creates several architectural works, most of them are located on the Java island, Indonesia. The author believes that building with ecological principles and green architecture is important today to adapt to climate change and prevent the worst from happening. By testing these projects with the theory of ecology and green architecture, the authors get several conclusions that every project built must be able to answer climate problems that occur at this time. In this paper the author will describe the use of the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals or we commonly knows as SDGs in his works on the island of Java, Indonesia. Architecture is a tool to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Milosz, Marek, and Jacek Kęsik. "Special Issue on 3D Information Technologies in Cultural Heritage Preservation and Popularization—Motivations, Works Overview, and the Future." Applied Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13010204.
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Elements of cultural heritage preservation and popularization are defined in the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, which came into force in 1975 and obliges United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) member states to protect cultural and natural heritage [...]
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Irfan, Anne. "Palestine at the UN: The PLO and UNRWA in the 1970s." Journal of Palestine Studies 49, no. 2 (2020): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2020.49.2.26.
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This article examines the relationship of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) during the 1970s, the period when the PLO reached the zenith of its power in Palestinian refugee camps throughout the Levant. Based on archival United Nations (UN) and UNRWA documents, as well as the PLO's own communications and publications, the article argues that the organization approached its relationship with UNRWA as part of a broader strategy to gain international legitimacy at the UN. That approach resulted in a complex set of tensions, specifically over which of the two institutions truly served and represented Palestinian refugees. In exploring these tensions, this article also demonstrates how the “question of Palestine” was in many ways an international issue.
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Nassar, Issam. "Photography and the Oppressed: On Photographing the Palestinian Refugees." International Journal for History, Culture and Modernity 8, no. 1 (June 11, 2020): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22130624-00801005.
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This essay examines photography of the Palestinian refugees by the staff photographers of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency, unrwa. It attempts to find ways through which a reading of the reality of refugee life can be unearthed from the images that initially were intended to document the work of the aid agency rather than the lives of the refugees.
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Franck, Thomas M. "On Proportionality of Countermeasures in International Law." American Journal of International Law 102, no. 4 (October 2008): 715–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20456680.
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In courts and tribunals, political arenas like the United Nations Security Council, and popular and scholarly journals, discursive recourse to the principle of proportionality has become frequent and vehement. It tends most audibly to arise in the midst of military conflicts pitting states against each other. But it also emerges in interstate trade disputes and when states, seeking to protect national security or public health, restrict internationally protected human rights.
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Hasso, Frances S. "EMPOWERING GOVERNMENTALITIES RATHER THAN WOMEN: THE ARAB HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2005 AND WESTERN DEVELOPMENT LOGICS." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 1 (February 2009): 82a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743808090508.
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This article analyzes the Arab Human Development Report 2005: Towards the Rise of Women in the Arab World. I argue that the Arab Human Development Report 2005 works within a United Nations development framework that strengthens states and elites in relation to their populations. This strategy reinforces the logic of national, transnational, and feminist governmentalities. Little attention is given to oppositional movements as sources of development. The authors of the report are often caught in the contradictions of using it to make radical critiques of undemocratic Arab state regimes and repressive Western state policies. International measures such as the human development index and the “global women's rights” discourse used by the United Nations Development Programme and other organizations selectively authorize subjectivities, freedoms, and transformations and help to normalize and constitute a range of inequalities among women.
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Binder, Martin, and Jonathan Golub. "Civil Conflict and Agenda-Setting Speed in the United Nations Security Council." International Studies Quarterly 64, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa017.
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Abstract The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) can respond to a civil conflict only if that conflict first enters the Council's agenda. Some conflicts reach the Council's agenda within days after they start, others after years (or even decades), and some never make it. So far, only a few studies have looked at the crucial UNSC agenda-setting stage, and none have examined agenda-setting speed. To fill this important gap, we develop and test a novel theoretical framework that combines insights from realist and constructivist theory with lessons from institutionalist theory and bargaining theory. Applying survival analysis to an original dataset, we show that the parochial interests of the permanent members (P-5) matter, but they do not determine the Council's agenda-setting speed. Rather, P-5 interests are constrained by normative considerations and concerns for the Council's organizational mission arising from the severity of a conflict (in terms of spillover effects and civilian casualties); by the interests of the widely ignored elected members (E-10); and by the degree of preference heterogeneity among both the P-5 and the E-10. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of how the United Nations (UN) works, and they have implications for the UN's legitimacy.
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Singh, Abhaya Pal, Amol Yerudkar, Valerio Mariani, Luigi Iannelli, and Luigi Glielmo. "A Bibliometric Review of the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Precision Agriculture and Precision Viticulture for Sensing Applications." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071604.
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This review focuses on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in precision agriculture, and specifically, in precision viticulture (PV), and is intended to present a bibliometric analysis of their developments in the field. To this aim, a bibliometric analysis of research papers published in the last 15 years is presented based on the Scopus database. The analysis shows that the researchers from the United States, China, Italy and Spain lead the precision agriculture through UAV applications. In terms of employing UAVs in PV, researchers from Italy are fast extending their work followed by Spain and finally the United States. Additionally, the paper provides a comprehensive study on popular journals for academicians to submit their work, accessible funding organizations, popular nations, institutions, and authors conducting research on utilizing UAVs for precision agriculture. Finally, this study emphasizes the necessity of using UAVs in PV as well as future possibilities.
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Nugroho, Bhakti Satrio. "American Cultural Imperialism in 1960s Japan as Seen in Haruki Murakami’s Norwegian Wood." Jurnal Lingua Idea 11, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jli.2020.11.1.2361.
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Haruki Murakami is mostly well-known for his many works and is considered as one of the most influential writers in Japan. One of his greatest works is a nostalgic novel Norwegian Wood which named after The Beatles song, Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown) in their album Rubber Soul (1965). It becomes #1 bestselling novel in Japan. This novel resembles many aspects of “Americanization” of Japanese young adult life in the 1960s Japan which was strongly influenced by American popular culture. Many Japanese in this novel adopt Western culture which was popular in the United States. Hollywood and American music became central part of the main story in Haruki Murakami’s Norwegian Wood. By using cultural imperialism theory, this research focuses on the imposition and glorification of American culture in 1960s Japan which is celebrated as part of central storyline. American cultural imperialism can be seen in dissemination and glorification of American popular culture and American way of life (lifestyle) among Japanese young adults. Furthermore, they create many social and cultural changes. It is further helped by the post-war Japanese’s inferiority after losing to the United States in World War II. In fact, Western thoughts and beliefs are part of “American gifts” during U.S occupation which disseminate even after the end of occupation. Thus, this historical postcolonial relationship between Japan (as the colonized) and the United States (as the colonizer) massively supports “Americanization” of 1960s Japan which results a loss of identity and a cultural dependency of Japan toward the United States.
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Woltanowski, Piotr, Andrzej Wincewicz, and Stanisław Sulkowski. "Protection of Children’s Human Rights and Health: A Legacy of Julian Kramsztyk, Janusz Korczak, and Ludwik Rajchman." Global Pediatric Health 5 (January 1, 2018): 2333794X1775415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x17754157.
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Tutor of generations of Warsaw medical doctors, Julian Kramsztyk (1851-1926) was son of Rabbi Izaak Kramsztyk, Polish patriot and fighter for independent Poland. Julian Kramsztyk graduated in medicine from Warsaw University in 1873 to soon work as a supervisor of the Internal Diseases Department of Bersohns and Baumans Children’s Hospital from 1878 to 1910, and despite of refusing professorship from Imperial Warsaw University, he worked as a lecturer of pediatric disorders from 1880 with strong association of his medical practice with scientific and editorial tasks as well as engaging in charity. This article focuses on selective retrieval of biographical data of social and scientific achievements of followers of Julian Kramsztyk: his student, pioneer of children human rights, and pioneer of healthy patterns of nutrition of children, pediatrician Janusz Korczak (Henryk Goldszmit; 1878 or 1879-1942); and a skilled bacteriologist and a brilliant epidemiologist who was a prominent activist of the League of Nations (later United Nations Organization), cofounder of the UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund), and the first chairman of the Organization from 1946 to 1950, which was primarily dedicated to “provide emergency food and health care to children in postwar time,” Ludwik Rajchman (1881-1965). Janusz Korczak works laid foundation for international recognition of children rights to health, respect, education, privacy, and all the other human rights to be included in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). In 1989, nutrition and vaccination issues were the main medical interests of these medical doctors and still remain major fields of UNICEF actions.
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Karuri, Solomon, and Ann Karanja. "Influence of Project Initiation on Completion of United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance Road Rehabilitation Projects." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 7, no. 1 (October 7, 2022): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijepm.1661.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of project initiation on completion of United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance road rehabilitation projects.
Methodology: This research study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. The target population was 250 staff working at UNJPLG road rehabilitation projects. The study population included project engineers, clerk of works, project managers, contractors, supervisors, community leaders, and donors making total of 250 respondents. The research study embraced stratified random sampling method and a sample size of 154 respondents was obtained using the Yamane (1967) formula. The study further used structured questionnaires which consisted of both open-ended and closed-ended questions to collect data from the selected respondents. A pilot study was also conducted to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaires. After data was collected, it was examined for efficiency, clarity and clearness. Coding was done on the basis of the place of the participants. Measurable information was evaluated utilizing Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 21) for Microsoft home windows that included detailed and inferential analysis. Data was presented using chart, frequency tables and pie charts.
Findings: The study established that project initiation had a significant influence on completion of road rehabilitation projects by United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance. Findings indicate that the benefits of the road rehabilitation projects are effectively provided by United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance which enhances their completion. Moreover, the purpose and objectives of road rehabilitation projects are well outlined by United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance which improves completion of the road rehabilitation projects.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance should effectively engage key stakeholders during the scoping stage of any future road rehabilitation projects. The organization should also ensure that all key stakeholders including employees are consulted and involved in drafting any project plan. This is expected to enhance buy-in and reduce resistance during the changes that will take place in the implementation phase. The United Nations Joint Programme on Local Governance should ensure that control procedures are put into place to certify that all activities are monitored as execution progresses. The theories used, that is Stakeholder theory and the Theory of Reasoned Actions were found applicable to this study and can be used by other scholars in studies related to the research topic.
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Maia, Eduardo Augusto Faria de Souza. "FREEZING IN GLOBAL GOVERNANCE?" Brazilian Journal of International Relations 9, no. 3 (September 2, 2021): 713–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2020.v9n3.p713-737.
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The general purpose of this paper is to analyze how global governance works, who are its actors and how the Security Council fits in this description. The methodology consisted of a non extensive bibliographical review about the understanding of global governance, how it works and who does it; followed by the normative roles of the Security Council and of the United Nations found in the own UN Charter, and a brief analysis of the Council’s and Russia’s actions in two cases studies: The Libyan intervention and the subsequent war on Syria. A change in the dynamics and operation of the Security Council could be seen as a result.
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Abu Hamad, Bassam A., and Huda K. Sammour. "Weaning practices of mothers attending United Nations Relief and Works Agency health centres in the Gaza Governorates." Journal of Advanced Nursing 69, no. 4 (June 10, 2012): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2012.06057.x.
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