Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'United Kingdom'
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1
Duke, Simon. "United States defence bases in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5f7987f7-8286-48b0-9595-d60413ef6fc6.
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The main concerns of the study, covering the years 1945-84, are arrangements that have been made for the use of military bases in the United Kingdom by United States forces. The subject is examined within a chronological framework. The development of the United States military presence is traced, from the earliest Joint Chiefs of Staff plans in 1945 and the Spaatz- Tedder agreement in 1946, which gave the United States permission to deploy certain forces in the United Kingdom in time of emergency. The 1948 Berlin Crisis led to the arrival of bombers in East Anglia which was the first major post-war deployment of United States forces to Britain. It was stated that it would be for a period of temporary duty. In fact the bases have remained from that day to this, though their number and types have varied over time. The Korean War proved to be the next major turning point. It increased demands upon the Attlee government for an agreement defining the conditions of use of United States bases in the United Kingdom. The subsequent Truman- Attlee, and later Truman-Churchill, meetings resulted in the key phrase: the use of bases would be 'a matter for joint decision ... in the light of circumstances prevailing at the time.' Different interpretations have been placed on these words at different times. The years 1950-57 saw a consolidation of the United States military presence, with Britain's importance as an intelligence base also growing. The dawning of the missile age symbolised by the first Soviet earth satellite in 1957, the agreement in the same year to deploy Thor missiles, and the deployment of Polaris to Holy Loch in 1960, raised questions regarding the adequacy of the earlier agreements on the conditions of use. This factor, alongside the development of a distinct European identity of which Britain has become a part, has led to a questioning of American hegemony within NATO. The arrival of cruise missiles in 1983 gave added urgency to the debate. Whilst it may be generally recognized that the bases make a substantial contribution to the United Kingdom's defences, the need for clarification of the uses to which the bases can be put by United States forces remains.
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Douglas, Kirsty A. "Eclampsia in the United Kingdom /." Title page, index and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdd734.pdf.
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Ridgeway, Christopher George. "Orchestral training in the United Kingdom." Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7576/.
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This thesis investigates the provision of orchestral training in Great Britain through the opportunities offered in pre-graduate, undergraduate and postgraduate areas. The research follows on from the 1965 and 1978 Gulbenkian Reports, "Making Musicians" and "Training Musicians" and investigates those conclusions and recommendations of the reports which appertain to this thesis. The research was carried out by surveys, interviews and through literature available to the author. Surveys were carried out by questionnaire and interviews were undertaken in person. The research aimed to prove three particular points. Firstly that British youth orchestras perform a vital task in providing the initial training of orchestral musicians. Secondly, whether the view taken by some of the British professional orchestras that British conservatoires do not devote sufficient curriculum time to complete orchestral training to the standards required by the professional orchestras is accurate. Thirdly that better opportunities for postgraduate orchestral training are required. This thesis thus concentrates on the provision for those students who show ability in playing an orchestral instrument and have attained entry into the higher levels of orchestral performance. Thus the research looks at orchestral provision at county level, conservatoire junior departments, national youth orchestras, conservatoires, universities, postgraduate opportunities and the summer music schools. The conclusions drawn from the research are that, despite serious financial pressures, the provision of orchestral training before entry to higher education is continuing to produce very high quality playing opportunities. In nearly all cases this is a good depth of provision, with young players being offered subsidised orchestral training courses on a regular basis and for many, the opportunity of working alongside professional conductors and tutors. The responses indicate the positive value placed on the training opportunities provided at this level and that they are held in high esteem by the music profession. The research also shows that conservatoires have not yet come to terms with the dilemma of developing high profile master musicians whilst at the same time ensuring that the training of instrumentalists encompasses all aspects of the orchestral profession and other changes in employment opportunities for their students. Postgraduate training that is already available receives high praise, but there are significant findings indicating that a greater provision is necessary.
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Whyte, Neil Edgar. "United Kingdom space policy, 1955-60." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338677.
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This is a policy history of the earliest period of ·space' and the United Kingdom. tt is mainly concemed with the creation of the UK's first space policy, announced in 1959, but considers key precursor programmes as well as operational aspects of the policy itself. It treats both civil and military factors. Part I considers the precursors, i.e. the early upper atmosphere sounding rocket programme set up in 1955, and the early military interest in reconnaissance from satellites. Key to the former was the coincidence of civil and military interest in the upper atmosphere, the former for purely scientific reasons, the latter on account of the development of Blue Streak, the UK's medium range ballistic missile. The crucial development of the concept of using Blue Streak as the basis of a satellite launcher arose and is considered under the reconnaissance interest. Part II narrates developments between 1958 and 1959, when the UK's first policy was being developed in Whitehall. This process amounted to the fonnulation of a proposal for a civil scientific space programme based on Blue Streak, and the proposal's subsequent assessment. The roles of the key actors are analysed in detail - government departmentslbodies, the Royal Society, leading individual ministers, officials, advisers and independent scientists. Central is the assessment exercise mounted by the government's AdviSOry Council on Scientific Policy (ACSP), and the vexed question of scientific and technological priorities. Part III examines operational aspects. Though only a comparatively modest programme was agreed in 1959, it engendered serious problems in operation, some symptomatic of ailments in the whole system of government funded science. This part also considers all-important developments in the military's attitude towards space between 1959 and 1960
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MacKay, John Stuart. "The United Kingdom free electron laser." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1049.
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Jones, Ieuan Thomas. "Modern paganism in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10965/.
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Hemmington, Nigel Ross. "Welfare feeding in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1987. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844182/.
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The evolution of welfare feeding in the United Kingdom is investigated within the framework of the development of the Welfare State. Welfare feeding, including the nutritional role of meals, is then evaluated looking at two examples of welfare provision, feeding in schools as an example of provision for the young and meals-on-wheels as an example of provision for the elderly. The nutritional role of both school meals and meals-on-wheels are considered in the light of nutritional requirements, contemporary dietary views and the feeding behaviour of the young and elderly. Whilst research suggests that school meals make a more significant contribution to the diet than alternative sources of lunch there is evidence that the nutritional value of both school meals and meals-on-wheels are variable and that in some cases they have not provided expected levels of nutrients. There are thus clear requirements for some form of nutritional standards for both school meals and meals-on-wheels. The uptake of school meals is a function of pupils perceptions of lunchtime feeding. An attitude based approach using a Likert Scale was developed to identify what children perceive as important in the school feeding environment. A core group of problem areas were identified as relevant for all groups of pupils and more specific factors were identified for each sub-group. It was established that the attitude measurement tool was appropriate in the prediction of feeding behaviour. The transportation of meals was investigated in terms of the requirements of the meals-on-wheels service. Alternative delivery systems were evaluated and those most appropriate to the meals-on-wheels service were identified. Insulated systems are appropriate for deliveries of up to 90 minutes whilst the best of the heated delivery systems are appropriate for up to 3.5 hours.
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Shumeyko, D. I. "Health care in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/66765.
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The National Healthcare System in the UK allows every resident of the
country to receive the necessary medical care for free. Despite certain
shortcomings, the system is a great conquest of the country.
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Kiš, Bandiová Alexandra. "Chocolate Confectionery market analysis - United Kingdom." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201756.
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This Master's thesis deals with analysis of chocolate confectionery market in the United Kingdom. The methodology used to bring a complex picture about the main trends is retail scan data analysis accompanied by consumer panel and consumer research. As a result, this work provides a detailed mapping of chocolate confectionery market environment and elaborates a set of recommendations for marketing orientation.
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Woodhouse, Thomas, and Alexander Ramsbotham. "The Politics of Peacekeeping: United Kingdom." Frank Cass, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3006.
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NoMuch of the scholarly literature on peacekeeping focuses on particular peacekeeping operations, or on the political bargaining between peacekeeping participants at both the institutional and national levels. However, there is very little published research on why nations commit forces to peacekeeping operations. As Sandra Whitworth noted in a book review of six books on peacekeeping in the "International Journal," "t"he important political questions thus far have not been asked: who benefits, who pays, and who is excluded?." "This book addresses that need. The authors focus specifically on the political and economic motivations that influence the decision to participate in peacekeeping. They consider how definitions of national interest frame the political debate, and what the reasons are for the military support or opposition for peacekeeping operations. They also explore the role of inter-agency politics, the role of public opinion in peacekeeping decisions, and the influence of pressure from other nations and non-nation actors to commit peacekeeping forces. Each chapter includes several recent cases of national peacekeeping to illustrate how national political debates framed their country's political decisions on the commitment of peacekeeping forces. The countries chosen for analysis are Australia, Argentina, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, the United States, Nigeria, Canada, India, and Austria.
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Norat, Mohamed Afzal. "New models of United Kingdom military expenditure." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396571.
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Albrighton, L. M. "The acquisition decision in United Kingdom companies." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389709.
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Ragab, M. A. "The Arab lobby in the United Kingdom." Thesis, City University London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379641.
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Mahmood, Majid. "Assertive outreach services in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3556/.
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In Volume I two papers are presented which focus on the practice of Assertive Outreach Teams (AOT) in the United Kingdom. In chapter 1 of this volume a review of the literature on Assertive Outreach Teams in the UK is presented. This review focuses on studies from the UK as it is argued that generalizations cannot be made from USA based studies. This is followed in Chapter 2 by an empirical study on the relationship between the factors of shame, stigma, engagement and ethnicity in AOTs in Birmingham. This study investigated whether black clients and white clients differed with respect to how engaged they were with services, and what role the factors of shame and stigma play in his. In Volume II five clinical practice reports (CPR) are presented. In CPR 1 the case of a client from secondary care is formulated from two theoretical perspectives. The perspectives are compared and contrasted and references are made to clinical implications. CPR 2 outlines a qualitative service evaluation into the use of interpreting services by those carrying out psychological therapies. The outcomes of this evaluation are linked to policy and legislation and the report makes recommendations with regard to future practice. In CPR 3 a single case experimental study is presented. The case presented is that of a 7 year old with Aspergers syndrome. A Cogntive Behavioral Intervention was utilised and its effectiveness is examined. CPR 4 outlines a case study of a man with learning disabilities who engages in cigarette pica. The behavioral intervention used in this case is outlined and assessed. Finally in CPR 5 a précis of a Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT) intervention is presented. A case study approach is taken and reflections are made on all aspects of the work carried out (assessment, formulation, intervention and outcome).
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Cheslek, Eric G. (Eric Gene) 1976. "Lean supplier relationships in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34785.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-62).
The Eastman Kodak Company's Annesley, United Kingdom facility assembles consumer and professional film for distribution to the European, Middle Eastern, African, and Russian (EAMER) region. Under pressure from digital photography, Kodak is managing the traditional film business for cash to fuel strategic initiatives throughout Kodak. Thus, cost reduction is a focus of the Annesley facility. This thesis describes a cost reduction initiative in the Annesley facility's component supply chain to eliminate a storage and staging warehouse. The specific tools used to complete this effort include the use of Strategic Inventory Placement (SIP) modeling1, implementation of kanbans, and application of excess inventory calculations. The intent of applying the SIP model was to find unnecessary inventories. Instead, the model revealed key supply chain challenges and constraints for the project to overcome. Kanbans were implemented across the Annesley and vendor sites. The design of these kanbans provides incentives to drive further lean improvements at Annesley and the vendors. Kanban sizes were calculated by a maximum per lead time methodology. This methodology provides a better estimate of demand variability than the reorder point, order up to methodology previously employed. Finally, the optimal stock level was calculated for components with excess inventories. The results of these calculations were combined with knowledge of future demand to reduce inventory to optimal levels. Through completion of this work the component storage and staging warehouse was closed. The kanban systems improved customer service while lowering inventories through improvement in inventory record accuracy. Using the optimal inventory calculation, excess and obsolete
(cont.) inventories were eliminated. These actions allowed sufficient inventory to maintain Annesley's production to be located at the Annesley site.
by Eric G. Cheslek.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Muneer, T. "Solar radiation modelling for the United Kingdom." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377701.
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Koch, Horst Josef. "Drug-related deaths in the United Kingdom." Horst Josef Koch, 2018. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23392.
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The dissertation summarizes the drug-related death phenomenon in the UK emphasizing England and Wales and compares the figures with international development, particularly in the EU. Legal regulation, in particular the Misuse of Drugs Act of 1971 and its amendments strive for classifying drugs and label illicit drugs or their exceptional use. Moreover, legislation gives us a bundle of measures to investigate drugs misuse and especially drug-related deaths, allocating the duties of the police, coroner and judiciary.
Opiates, especially heroin, cocaine and stimulants are still the major drugs involved in the UK, which largely – with the exception of cocaine – reflects the situation on the continent. The distribution of age of death shows a tendency from the range of 20 to 30 years towards men in their forties during the last decades. Overall, the UK, Scandinavia and the Baltic states have leading numbers drug-related deaths. New Psychoactive Substances are a new challenge in Europe but the UK may be especially affected by this unfortunate wave. All authorities world-wide have to deal with this 'hydra' of new psychoactive substances (NPS) due to infinite chemical variations and unlimited supply. Nevertheless, heroin and cocaine still belong to the most noxious drugs with regard to the fatal outcome.
The problem of drug-related deaths starts with the neurobiology of addiction including cerebral reward cycles which disinhibit prefrontal control, leading to craving and drug intake, even if severe somatic damage occurred. This fatal course does not depend on a particular drug but may be concerned as the final part the fatal reward pathway. In general, noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine are involved, although some drugs may act on specific receptors such as opiates or cannabinoids. Unfortunately, the pharmacology of the NPSs is often not well known, and this lack of information will increase the risk of drug-related deaths or delinquency in future.
Autonomy, paternalism and liberty form a field of tension in democracy, so that preventive measures must respect individual rights. Restrictive strategies alone show a limited success. It will be the concerted action of law, judiciary, police, science, educators, social work and medicine among others to strengthen future generations. We struggle hard against drugs and the sequelae but we should never give up.:Abstract 7
1 Introduction 8
2 Definitions and Epidemiology 9
3 Legal Aspects 13
4 Psychology and neurobiology of drug abuse 16
5 Toxicology and drug-effect relation 18
6 Pharmacokinetics and routes of administration 19
7 Some notes concerning drug detection 22
8 Drugs and mechanisms of action 24
9 New Psychoactive Drugs 33
10 Legal compounds for illegal use 37
11 Dying from drugs – a clinical view 39
12 Prevention strategies 40
References 42
Appendix 56
Figures and Tables
Abbreviations
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Galadima, Waziri Mohammed. "Islamic home finance in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2919.
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Following the recent financial crisis that has affected some major economies around the world, and its attendant consequences, there have been calls for ways of practicing finance more responsibly especially here in the UK. One such candidate that has been identified and promoted as a viable alternative to the way finance is being practiced is Islamic finance. Although tiny in its present size compared to conventional finance, its rate of growth, moral underpinnings and relative stability has been pointed out as a reason why it should be taken seriously. Even before the financial crisis, the UK government had identified the Muslim community in the UK as being financially excluded in terms of financial choices and had taken steps to correct this perceived anomaly. The UK government’s stated objective in Islamic finance were twofold, first financial inclusion for UK Muslims that were not participating in the financial markets due to reasons of faith, and the promotion of continued dominance of the UK especially London, as a global financial city by making it a global hub for Islamic finance. This thesis investigates the UK government’s discourse on Islamic finance around the use of Islamic home purchase plans, the first Islamic finance product licensed in the UK. It traces the motives of the protagonists in establishing this market, and the various steps that have been taken to actualise it. In doing so, the thesis contrasts this with the views of those that have embraced this new market by collecting empirical data at various levels and in the process reveals those that have not embraced this new subjectivity especially those that have subverted the growth of the market. This thesis argues that the introduction of Islamic finance and the financial subjectification of Muslims can be traced to a drive for financialisation which is anchored in the belief of ideologically-driven discourses that privilege financial markets as the medium for individuals and households‘ socioeconomic reproduction, which removes the responsibility of government for the economic and social development of its citizens, and at the same time enables more integration of different kinds of groups into the broader circuits of capital and financial accumulation. For the majority of the UK Muslims, this process has not meant more financial inclusion. As exemplified in the thesis, embracing this new subjectivity is beyond the reach of most UK Muslims and has only highlighted, and in some cases exacerbated these differences.
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Aminu, Nasir Bashar. "Models of energy in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/88311/.
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In this thesis, I examine the impact of energy price shocks in the United Kingdom using a New-Keynsian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model and a classic Real Business Cycle (RBC) model. The models are augmented with real rigidities and driven by exogenous shocks. Chapter 1 examines a DSGE model with New-Keynesian Philips Curve with three outputs of energy (petrol and utility), and non-energy output, using filtered data (1981:Q1-2014:Q4) of the UK. Chapter 2 examines a two-sector (RBC) model of energy intensive output and non-energy intensive output, using unfiltered data (1990:Q1-2014:Q4) of the UK. The models are econometrically estimated using indirect inference test that includes Monte Carlo simulation. I show how the study can be quantitatively applied by evaluating the effects of different shocks on output, relative prices and interest rate. I also show how energy price shocks affect output, asset prices and aggregate consumption in a classic RBC model. By decomposition, the changes in these variables caused by each of the structural shocks showed that a fall in output during the financial crisis period 2008:Q2 to 2009:Q4 was driven by energy price shocks and sector-specific productivity shocks. Conversely, in the DSGE model with NKPC, the changes in these variables caused by each of the structural shocks showed that a fall in output during the financial crisis period 2008:Q2 to 2009:Q4 was driven by domestic demand shocks (consumption preference, government spending and capital adjustment cost), oil prices shock and world demand shock. I found why the energy price shock reduces GDP in the models: In NKPC model with stationary shocks this is only a temporary terms of trade shock and so GDP only falls briefly, such that, the UK can borrow against such a temporary fall. In the RBC two-sector model, I found, it must be that the terms of trade rise permanently when world energy price increase as it is non-stationary and there is no other way to balance the current account than to reduce absorption due to lack of substitute for energy inputs. Finally, I found that the RBC two-sector model with non-stationary shocks performs better than NKPC model with stationary shocks. The performance can be credited to using unfiltered-data on the RBC model. This thesis show how estimated models can create additional input to the policymaker’s choice of models through the economic shocks’ effects of the macroeconomic variables.
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Jones, Sandra. "Allergenic pollen concentrations in the United Kingdom." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 1995. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/3262/.
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This study investigates the variations in the start and severity of the grass and birch pollen seasons at a network of sites in the United Kingdom. Daily grass and birch pollen concentrations have been monitored during the course of the study (1992-1994) at the University of North London site. Retrospective pollen data of up to 30 years in length at London, Cardiff and Derby has been incorporated into the database, along with between 2 and 7 years of retrospective data from 7 other European Aeroallergen Network(UK) sites. Annual grass and birch pollen concentrations, start of season dates and seasonal severities have been identified and analysed in relation to meteorological conditions and local pollen source areas. Variations have been found at the individual sites from year to year, and between the different sites in the same year. Multiple regression analysis has been used on the long term data sets at London, Cardiff and Derby to produce forecast models to enable the prediction of the start of the season and total seasonal grass and birch pollen concentrations at the 3 sites. Data from the other EAN(UK) sites has been incorporated into these models to assess their use on a regional basis. This research has relevance within many subject areas. The long term data sets on which a large part of the thesis is based are of great interest to Aerobiologists in the identification of long term trends in pollen data. The research has relevance to Quaternary palynologists interested in the influence of the source area on the pollen catch. The influence of climate on the seasonal variation of grass species will be of interest to Agriculturalists, Ecologists and Biogeographers. Finally, through the accurate forecasting of the start and severity of the grass and birch pollen seasons, hayfever sufferers are able to have increased knowledge, and therefore may be able to avoid the amount of medical consultation required by means of prophylactic treatment. The research is unique in that it is the first study to be conducted on the UK pollen databank. It is also unique research in that data sets of this length do not exist anywhere else in Europe and probably the world, and therefore this study poses an important piece of research both on a national and an international level.
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Lindenfield, Susannah. "Insider trading in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31169.
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This thesis is a critical analysis of the law relating to insider trading in three common law countries. Chapter One, addresses the merits and demerits of the regulation of insider trading and presents a review of the academic literature relating to this field. In Chapters Two, Three and Four, the law of insider trading in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom is analysed and discussed on a comparative basis. Each of these chapters is in two sections. The first section describes the regulatory system and institutions, and the second section discusses the regulation of insider trading, highlighting the critical elements of this type of regulation, such as the definition of an 'insider' and the scope of 'inside information'. It concludes with a broad discussion of the differing approaches of these countries to insider trading.
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Hsieh, Kuo-Hsing. "Exclusionary rule of evidence in the United Kingdom, United States and China." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6183.
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If there is any fixed star in our constitutional and criminal procedure constellation, it is that torture is illegal and torture-introduced evidence is inadmissible. The purposes of this research are to (1) assess the exclusionary rule in the United Kingdom and United States; (2) explore the theoretical constitutional foundation of the rule; and (3) establish the Chinese exclusionary rule. Currently, there is no exclusionary rule explicitly in the Chinese Code of Criminal Procedure. If the wrongful conviction of the innocent is a pressing issue in China today, police torture is the flashpoint. Police torture in China is the prevalent evil not the isolated anecdote. This thesis combines diagnosis and prescription – the problem of police torture in China and the solution of the exclusionary rule. The ultimate goal of the research is to find a suitable exclusionary rule for China to solve the serious problem of police torture and wrongdoing. At the level of theory, my exclusionary rule framework is grounded in the separation of powers. Previous research about the separation of powers doctrine has focused almost entirely on constitutional law and political theory. They completely ignored the special role that the doctrine plays in the criminal justice system, a role consisting of the exercise of a reviewing function to ensure executive compliance with the criminal law. Separation of powers is a core component of the constitution’s system of checks and balances, a system in which each branch of the government is endowed with a constitutional control over the others. Without any judicial supervision or due process, the potential for arbitrary enforcement is high. The alternatives to the exclusionary rule are mainly illusory and of no practical avail. Past history also demonstrates that the very idea of protecting the defendant’s right is completely empty unless it is linked to an efficient mechanism. China grants the police too much power and has too little judicial supervision over police investigations. It creates imbalance in the existing Chinese criminal justice system. It is such an imbalance and the lack of separation of powers in the criminal justice system that poses a significant and growing threat for the protection of defendants’ rights.
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Ferry, Neal J. "COMBATING SEX TRAFFICKING: THE STRATEGIES OF THE UNITED STATES AND UNITED KINGDOM." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/32820.
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The trafficking in persons for sexual exploitation is a worldwide problem. The international community is engaged in addressing this problem. One of the major issues associated with sex trafficking is that its severity is ultimately unknown. While the majority of government and NGO research indicates sex trafficking victims number in the hundreds of thousands or millions, some academic researchers argue these statistics are inaccurate. In the United States, there are federal and state laws empowering prosecutors and police officers. Law enforcement efforts involve operations conducted at the international, state and local levels. Education and training programs designed for criminal justice practitioners and the general public take place in the classroom and through the Internet. In the United Kingdom, legislation is also in effect to empower prosecutors and police officers. Law enforcement efforts are also conducted at the international and local levels. Training and education are also available for the general public and law enforcement communities. Both nations have evaluated their efforts in attempting to make improvements. While the U.S. and U.K. are actively engaged in combating sex trafficking, the unknown severity of the issue makes it difficult to determine success or failure of the efforts in place.
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Park, Ahran. "Internet Service Provider Liability for Defamation: United States and United Kingdom Compared." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19210.
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Since the mid-1990s, American Internet service providers (ISPs) have enjoyed immunity from liability for defamation under Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. As Congress originally intended in 1996, Section 230 has strongly protected freedom of online speech and allowed ISPs to thrive with little fear of being sued for online users' comments. Such extraordinary statutory immunity for ISPs reflects American free-speech tradition that freedom of speech is preferred to reputation.
Although the Internet landscape has changed over the past 20 years, American courts have applied Section 230 to shield ISPs almost invariably. ISPs won in 83 of 85 cases in 1997 to 2014. Nearly all types of ISPs have been held to be eligible to immunity unless they are original online speakers. Even when ISPs have operated websites that have left digital "scarlet letters" on individuals, they have not been liable if the ISPs did not "create or develop" the defamatory contents. Bloggers, as website operators, could be immunized even when they exercised the "traditional editorial functions" unlike the traditional journalists.
By contrast, ISPs in the United Kingdom could not enjoy such absolute immunity. Following the U.K. tradition of plaintiff-friendly libel law, the Defamation Act 1996 did not adopt any separate provision for ISP liability. Under Section 1, ISPs in England are subject to liability for defamation by third parties if they are notified of harmful online contents but fail to remove the postings promptly. Meanwhile, the new Defamation Act 2013 provides a separate provision for ISP liability. Section 5 is novel because ISP liability hinges on whether the original speaker is identifiable.
I suggest that CDA Section 230 should be revised. One possible way of revising Section 230 is borrowing from the U.K. Defamation Act 2013. But such adoption is not compellingly urgent. It needs time to see what impact the new U.K. defamation law will have on freedom of speech. Regardless, the U.K. experience with ISP liability will provide a useful comparative framework to rebalance free speech with reputation on the Internet.
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Iben, Andreas. "Pension reform in Germany and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417786.
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Ismail, Suhaiza. "The Private Finance Initiative in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504962.
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Gantzias, George. "Regulation of television advertising in the United Kingdom." Thesis, City University London, 1995. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7702/.
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The purpose of the thesis is to examine the current state of regulation of television advertising in the UK, chiefly in the light of its historical background. A number of general theories of regulation are also used to analyse both developments in regulation policy and some of the events and processeisn the practical activity of regulation. The thesis seeks to demonstrate that the present structures have not simply arisen haphazardly, nor do they represent anything especially new, but are the result of a long process of evolution during which continuity rather than change has been the dominant theme. Broadcasting in the UK has enjoyed a much longer period of stable independent development than most countries of continental Europe, which has enabled it to establish strong and effective regulatory traditions. The advantage of a historical perspective is that it shows how these traditions were built up, who was responsible for the primary regulatory structures and what motivated them, and what were the causes of change in the system. It has an important explanatory value for an understanding of the present. My argument is that television advertising regulation cannot be divorced from broadcasting regulation as a whole, and although advertising has only been part of the broadcasting system since the inauguration of commercial television in 1955, the form and methods of its regulation cannot be divorced from their roots in television and radio's noncommercial past. The fact that broadcasting started as a private enterprise subject, in the words of one government minister, to "drastic" regulation, was soon reconstituted as a non-commercial public corporation acting as trustee for the national interest, and that business and advertising interests were only permitted a role in the broadcasting system after thirty years of operation, under similarly drastic regulation, has an important bearing on how advertising regulation is done today. Political, social and cultural influences on broadcasting and broadcast advertising regulation policy and its implementation are traced by looking at the Committee system of policymaking, and by examining numerous published and unpublished (confidential) reports and documents dealing with a variety of aspects of broadcasting and television advertising regulation. The extent to which public interest theory and other theories of regulation are relevant to broadcasting is also assessed. I have therefore sought to explain the present in terms of the past and with reference to several wider theoretical frameworks.
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Cohen, Ivan Keith. "The economics of the United Kingdom pension funds." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1797/.
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This Thesis examines the nature and role of the pension funds in the United Kingdom, in theory and in practice, from within and without, and from a contemporary and historical perspective. The pension funds are considered via a series of broad surveys, wherein each chapter may be regarded as a complete study of its own. This is necessary to gain the insight into the behaviour of the pension funds and their operational environment that enables a model of their actual behaviour to be accurately constructed. The earlier chapters—Chapters One to Four—examine the institutional context of British pension fund activity, such as their historical development, the role of financial intermediation in general, and the socio-legal environment within which they operate. The middle chapters—Five and Six—provide surveys of the literature on investment portfolio theory and theoretical and empirical studies of British financial intermediation. The latter tend to divide into two distinct approaches, whose relative strengths we consider. Finally, the remaining chapters—Seven through Nine—offer an empirical view of the U. K. pension funds' behaviour over the period 1963 - 1985. Chapter Seven considers the flow of funds through the pension funds, ie sources and uses. Chapter Eight analyses the role of the pension funds in the U. K. capital markets. Chapter Nine suggests a simple econometric model of the investment behaviour of the United Kingdom pension funds based upon the salient features from earlier chapters. In the final chapter we consider what we have learned from the research of the other chapters, consider the implications, and make suggestions for further research in the area.
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Cox, A. W. "Future strategies for coal in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381540.
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Luithlen, Lutz. "Offices and capital accumulation in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388809.
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Al, Fadhel Hessa Mubarak. "Charity accountability : evidence from the United Kingdom (UK)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428061/.
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This thesis examines UK charities' accountability through the use of annual reports and annual reviews as formal accountability tools. The overall aim of the thesis is to undertake a coherent analysis of the accountability of annual reports and annual reviews using multiple dimensions of text and disclosures by empirically examining UK charities' accountability disclosure. Given the overall aim, the objectives of this thesis are: first, to assess the effectiveness of narrative communication textual characteristics - specifically chairman's statements - in the context of the role played by trustees in delivering charity accountability; second, to examine the determinants of the extent of performance disclosures in the top 100 UK fundraising charities; and third, to investigate narratives' disclosure trends, strategies and rationales in the annual reports by Kids Company to communicate its performance and activities over time and around critical events, until its final collapse and leaders cognitive behavioural traits (e.g., hubris) impact on disclosures. Systematic engagement with the literature surrounding charities' accountability helps to identify the problems and highlights the knowledge gaps in discharging accountability through public discourse. Three different theoretical frameworks are used to develop and address the research questions of the thesis: stakeholder theory, resource dependence theory, legitimacy theory and hubris. Due to the nature of the research questions and the theoretical framework, the underpinning philosophy for this study is pragmatism. The research outcome of the first paper revealed that charities tend to behave instrumentally when preparing chairman's statements to cover both bad and good news, but charities still reflect some ethical sense by adopting a felt accountability by prioritising internal accountability. The second paper showed that the overall level of the Performance Disclosure Index (PDI) remains weak with a high emphasis on input and output information and less focus on efficiency, outcome and effectiveness disclosures. Moreover, there have been shifts in the influence of resource providers and stakeholders on the level of charity accountability. The third paper revealed that positive and uncertainty words (frequencies) dominated the narrative disclosures, while more positive performance news was emphasised using hyperbole words. It was found that the charity responded to external concerns either reactively or proactively. Finally, informed by hubris literature, it is indicated that the most common form of hubris found in the CEO statements was overconfidence and attribution of performance to self. Overall, this thesis contributed to the field on a number of different levels - theoretical, methodological and contextual - as well as informing policy and practical implications by providing a multi-layered understanding of the charity accountability phenomenon within the UK context.
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Pandit, Ninad (Ninad Ravindra). "Expedient benevolence : international development and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55141.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-96).
This thesis examines the role of International Development in the United Kingdom during its transition from a colonial ruler to a neo-liberal capitalist state. Starting with the inter-war period, it looks at the changing position adopted by the British state vis-a-vis development aid to its colonies up to the formation of the Department for International Development in the late 1990s. The study argues that during this period, the nature of state-sponsored international development aid has transformed significantly to a point of self-redundancy. At the same time, the British state's insistence to continue its colonial bilateral ties has made it an insignificant and obsolete player in the game. Faced with the choice to embrace this obsolescence brought about by the market, the British State could transform its foreign aid policies and explore new ways bring change in developing nations. However, trapped between the disciplinary limitations imposed by "Planning" and its own recurring economic crises, the British state has been unable to seize this opportunity, leading to an anachronistic foreign development policy.
by Ninad Pandit.
M.C.P.
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Koblyakova, Alla. "Household's mortgage instrument choice in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=211244.
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Kanzow, Walter Philipp. "Remuneration governance in Germany and the United Kingdom." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10931/.
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Every year during the so-called “annual general meeting season” the remuneration of top managers makes it into the headlines of newspapers and onto the political agenda. Excessive executive remuneration is a long-standing problem, which has repeatedly caused regulatory action in the last two decades. The scholarly debate on executive remuneration is multifaceted and due to frequent reforms, quickly dated. This thesis focuses on remuneration governance, which is the system by which executive remuneration is set and monitored. In a critical comparison of the current German and UK remuneration governance rules it questions the effectiveness of the three main mechanisms of remuneration governance – namely the (supervisory) board as the remuneration setter, the disclosure of executive remuneration, and the shareholder vote on executive remuneration. Taking the latest reforms into account, the strengths and weaknesses of the two systems are identified. The thesis finds that the current remuneration governance instruments are not satisfactory. Suggestions for improvement are made, based in part on the experiences made in the other jurisdiction. An often neglected facet when examining remuneration governance is the influence of EU measures on national remuneration governance rules. The thesis finds generally a limited impact of EU measures in the past. For the future the question arises at which regulatory level measures for improvement should be taken. Further reforms regarding the (supervisory) board are – at least on a European level – not very promising. Rather the harmonisation of disclosure rules is suggested. Only EU measures could lead to standardisation sufficient to increase the disclosure’s informative value, clarity and comparability. In particular the form of the disclosure should be standardised. A standardised remuneration report would furthermore be predestined to be the subject-matter of an improved, harmonised shareholder vote. Enhanced transparency and comparability would empower shareholders and reduce agency costs.
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Crisóstomo, Tiago Miguel Jacinto. "Firm performance and corporate governance variables - United Kingdom." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11064.
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Mestrado em FinançasA temática do corporate governance remonta ao século XVIII. Apesar disso, só depois da crise financeira da década de 2000 que afectaram todo o sistema e das graves falências empresariais, o tema voltou à ribalta. Este estudo revisita de forma abrangente a evolução das várias teorias da empresa à luz do desenvolvimento do corporate governance como ciência fundamental para promover e desenvolver a performance no meio empresarial. Para tal, foi analisado o efeito que as variáveis de corporate governance têm na performance das empresas do Reino Unido no período de 2005-2012. Foram considerados cinco mecanismos de controlo empresarial: controlo efectuado aos directores, controlo através da estrutura accionista, controlo interno efectuado pelos "Committees", atribuição do cargo de CEO e Chairman a pessoas distintas e controlo através de remuneração baseada na performance. A estrutura accionista, aliada à atribuição do cargo de CEO e Chairman a pessoas distintas e o controlo através da remuneração baseada na performance, revelaram-se os mecanismos mais significativos na resolução da equação performance governance. Finalmente, e baseado na revisão de literatura e nos resultados obtidos, é possível afirmar que o corporate governance é um processo dinâmico no qual todos os intervenientes devem ser tidos em conta na prossecução do objectivo comum desenvolver um modelo de governance que seja sustentável e benéfico para a sociedade.
The theme of corporate governance dates back to the eighteenth century. Nevertheless, only after the financial crisis in 2000's decade that affected the entire system and the devastating corporate failures, the subject returned to the spotlight. This study revisits in a comprehensive way the evolution of the different theories of the firm in light of the development of corporate governance, as a fundamental science to promote and develop the corporate performance. To this purpose, we examined the effect that corporate governance variables have on the performance of companies in the UK for the period 2005-2012. We considered five mechanisms of corporate control: Board of directors, equity ownership structure, internal control performed by the Board Committees, separation of CEO and Chairman roles, and control through the variable remuneration. Board ownership, together with the separation of CEO and Chairman roles and control through the performance variable remuneration, proved to be the most significant mechanisms in the resolution of the equation performance - governance. Finally, and based on the literature review and the results obtained, it can be stated that corporate governance is a dynamic process in which the different stakeholders should be taken into account in order to achieve a common goal - develop a governance model that is sustainable and beneficial to society.
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Freudenthal, Donald Charles. "The United Kingdom and the future of Europe." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/459953483/viewonline.
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Sullivan, Thomas. "National Identities in the Post-Devolution United Kingdom." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244811.
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Constitutional reform (devolution) fundamentally altered the political positions of the nations of the United Kingdom, allowing them to embrace a greater degree of self-determination. This works seeks to analyze both state-level and sub-state-level national identities in the United Kingdom. Using analysis of large-scale surveys as well as smaller scale research projects, this work seeks to examine the meanings, connotations, and inclusivity of the national identities of England and Scotland (English, Scottish and British). It also seeks to find trends in identification in the years since (and immediately before) the advent of devolution. This analysis suggests that meanings and connotations of the various national identities vary greatly, both between the nations of the UK and within them. With such a flux in meaning, inclusivity is difficult to measure but Scottish identity is found to be more inclusive. After initial shifts around the time of devolution, both Scotland and England appear to have experienced relative stability in national identification recently. Political implications are unclear, however, as national identity does not directly correspond with desire for constitutional change.
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Young, Kirk B. "Kingdom Come." Digital Commons @ Butler University, 2017. https://digitalcommons.butler.edu/grtheses/487.
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A secret service agent returns home to reconcile with his wife just as the Rapture begins. His scramble to reunite with her becomes all the more urgent when a violent cult begins terrorizing the city in its final hours
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Behr, Macrina. "Hospice care in the United Kingdom and in the United States of America." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1990. http://www.tren.com.
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Hameed, Reeza. "Some comparative aspects of securities regulation in the United Kingdom and United States." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261302.
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Covvey, Jordan R. "Analysis of treatment of respiratory disease in the United Kingdom and United States." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24276.
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Introduction: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect 8% and 5% of the population, respectively, in the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States (USA). A variety of medicines are available but how they are utilised in real practice is not fully understood. The aim of this work was to describe and compare the treatment of asthma and COPD in the UK and USA. Methods: Three retrospective databases (two administrative and one electronic health record datasets) were formed from sources in National Health Service (NHS) Scotland, NHS Forth Valley, Scotland, and Kentucky, USA. Several analyses were conducted, including mapping and evaluation of national medicine utilisation, evaluation of adherence/persistence with chronic therapy, classification of therapy against guideline recommendations, and appraisal of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) prescribing. Results: National medicine utilisation figures indicated an increasing preference over time for combination therapy wit h ICS and long-acting beta agonist (LABA) inhalers. Therapy for asthma demonstrated some unanticipated trends, with widespread use of high-dose combination therapy in up to one-third of patients and a lack of standardised therapy approach by clinicians at step 2/3. For COPD, spirometry data was unable to verify diagnosis in up to a quarter of patients, and approximately one-third of patients received unlicensed doses of combination therapy. Adherence and persistence with chronic medicine in both databases was better amongst women, with advancing age and with oral therapy. Direct comparisons between the UK and USA were difficult due to the different healthcare structures and methods for data collection, but doses of ICS in children appeared more aggressive in the USA. Conclusion: The treatment of respiratory disease can be optimised in several clinical areas, most notably with ICS prescribing. Further research and quality improvement measures are needed to improve the care of respiratory disease.
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Gurpinar-Morgan, Ayse. "The process of seeking asylum in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.587075.
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This thesis explores the psychological processes involved in the experiences people encounter when seeking asylum in the UK. Section one presents a narrative literature review of the impact of the social construction of asylum seekers on psychological distress. Within this review, theoretical understandings and research findings are used to explore the creation and maintenance of dominant discourses. The review discusses the influence of dominant discourses on policies of exclusion and suggests how discourses inform the social response towards asylum seekers. It is argued that socially and politically created dominant discourses contribute to legislation, policies and negative social interactions that have a direct impact on the psychological wellbeing of people seeking asylum. It is suggested that psychological services working with people seeking asylum shift their focus from individual to social change. Section two describes research that presents a theoretical understanding of the psychological processes involved in seeking asylum in the UK. The model was constructed using grounded theory methodology applied to data collection and analysis of thirteen semi- structured interviews with seven participants. The sample of people seeking asylum were all survivors of torture in their countries of origin. The findings suggest ways in which experiences whilst seeking asylum may lead to psychological distress. In particular, the model provides insight into the psychological impact of interactions with social and legal systems and structures. Clinical psychology implications are discussed and recommendations are made to improve Home Office procedures. Section three presents a reflective critical review of the process of conducting this research and documents some of the challenges negotiated from its conception to completion. The review also considers how the research has been influenced by the researcher and the emotional impact of undertaking this study on the researcher.
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Chipman, Abigail. "Early childbearing and behavioural flexibility in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2013. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/early-childbearing-and-behavioural-flexibility-in-the-united-kingdom(87322f78-4927-4247-a7f6-23b25d365f84).html.
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Work in behavioural ecology has been and continues to be highly informative in the study of human reproductive variation and behavioural flexibility. The traditional focus of this approach has largely been on calibrations in reproductive behaviour in ultimate terms (i.e. a specific behaviour is adaptive and maximizes fitness in different environments). Yet, understanding the ultimate function of human behaviour as adaptive to local environments allows for the deeper study of the proximate psychological, social and physiological mechanisms that can shift both reproductive timing and corresponding reproductive ideals, giving greater insight into the factors that influence early childbearing. Therefore, in the thesis I aim to explore and confirm some of the mechanisms that impact on male and female reproductive timing. Firstly, I demonstrate that the impacts of social and environmental stressors such as the local sex ratio result in different response patterns from women with different socioeconomic backgrounds, the implication being that women with different life history trajectories have different strategic responses to environmental conditions in line with the predictions of life history theory. Secondly, I show that individuals’ subjective perceptions of their environment are just as important, and potentially more important, indicators of their fertility intentions than the often used objective indicators of environment quality such as deprivation. Thirdly, I show that individuals take risks in strategic ways that can be explained by evolutionary principles and that their future reproductive intentions are supported by pro-natal norms and are not due to deficiencies in their knowledge of safe sexual practice. Fourthly, I consider the evidence that kin networks help shape individuals’ psychology around life history strategies. Finally, I explore the causal pathways by which acute stress shifts individuals’ life history strategies and how this adjustment is moderated by an individual’s exposure to chronic childhood stressors. The findings resulting from this work merges with other research in the field of behavioural ecology, moving towards an integrated understanding of human reproductive and behavioural calibrations and exploring the ultimate and proximate questions of human reproductive variation. These findings highlight the importance of understanding life history trade-offs as central to reproductive scheduling. In addition it provides policy makers and health workers with an alternative way of understanding early childbearing, one that sees human behaviour within its adaptive evolutionary context.
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Jackson, Michael J. Lacey Wayne R. "Homegrown terror the united kingdom as a case study /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FJackson_IO.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Joint Information Operations)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Dorothy Denning. "June 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-139). Also available in print.
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Schrijver, Frans Joachim. "Regionalism after regionalisation : Spain, France and the United Kingdom /." Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Vossiuspers UvA ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2006. http://dare.uva.nl/document/90531.
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Genetay, Nadege. "Bancassurance and risk : empirical investigation in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.481728.
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Ryan, Barbara. "Evaluation of low vision services in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54233/.
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Ali, Mohammad. "Factor substitution and productivity change in United Kingdom agriculture." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556622.
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Eaglen, Sophie. "Genetic evaluation of calving traits in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8074.
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The consequences of complications during calving are currently costing the UK dairy cattle industry approximately £110 for a calving of moderate difficulty and £400 for one that is severe. With incidences of difficult first calvings reaching 24% and 4% for a moderate and severe difficult calving respectively, reducing calving complications would be of great benefit to the UK dairy cattle industry. This PhD evaluates (i) the importance, (ii) the most optimal way, and (iii) the potential consequences of genetically selecting for two main traits associated with calving complications, calving ease (CE) and stillbirth (SB). For this, approximately 50.000 first parity and 300.000 later parity national calving data records were kindly provided by two major milk recording organisations in the UK. The work carried out shows that detrimental effects following a difficult first calving are long-lasting as subsequent performance of both the dam and the calf involved is worsened. Fertility of the dam is negatively affected by a difficult calving resulting in an increased calving interval and decreased ability to conceive. A reduction in milk production of a veterinary assisted dam, compared to a non-assisted dam, was detected in the first part of lactation. Veterinary assisted born calves showed a significantly lower milk yield, compared to farmer assisted calves, throughout their first lactation as adult heifers suggesting that the physiological effects, or causes underlying a difficult birth, are long lived. The study advises that genetic parameters of calving traits are to be estimated with an extended sire multi-trait model (accuracy vs. practicality). On average, direct and maternal heritabilities for calving traits are low. A highly heritable indicator trait such as gestation length (GL) can aid in the estimation of genetic parameters for CE and SB although genetic correlations of these traits with GL are moderate. A significant negative genetic direct-maternal correlation was found for CE in first parity recommending farmers to consider both direct and maternal genetic merit for CE when making a selection decision. CE and SB are highly positively correlated traits. GL is maternally correlated to SB in first parity and directly to CE in later parities, both correlations are positive. Estimated genetic correlations with other important traits in dairy cattle breeding show that CE and GL are both directly and maternally related to important selection traits which need to be taken into account if implementation into breeding indices occurs. Results advise limiting the use of GL to benefit the prediction of parameters for low heritable calving traits rather than selecting on GL itself. Genetic correlations suggest that individuals born easily are genetically prone to high milk yield and have reduced fertility in first lactation. Difficult calving heifers are likely to be associated with being wide and deep and high producing animals with a reduced ability to subsequently conceive. Individuals that are born relatively early are associated with good genetic merit for milk production. And finally, individuals carrying their young longer are genetically associated with being wide and large animals that were born relatively early themselves. Lastly, an extension of the current univariate genomic model to a bivariate model, which allows for a possible genetic direct-maternal covariance, shows that improvement in accuracy of genomic breeding values can be gained from use of a bivariate genomic model for maternal traits such as CE. Further development of the model is however recommended prior to the publication of genomic proofs for CE or any other maternal trait. Genetic selection can serve as a tool in the reduction of difficult calvings. The results of this thesis serve to let this happen in a controlled and sustainable manner.
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McKittrick, N. E. "The United Kingdom decision to intervene in Iraq (2003)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579739.
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The United Kingdom decision to intervene in Iraq in 2003 was the most controversial foreign policy decision for a generation. The majority of analysis, comment and inquiry on the decision has focused on Prime Minister Tony Blair, his personal motivation and his relationship with the U.S President George W. Bush. An area that has largely been ignored in assessing the 2003 intervention is the possible explanation offered by aspects of International Relations theory. The discipline of International Relations aims to further our understanding on how a state functions at the international level, the priorities of a state and how states interact with one another. This study aims to use International Relations theory to analyse the decision to intervene in Iraq in 2003, specifically the extent to which the intervention can be explained by structural influences outside the autonomy of Tony Blair and his government. This investigation will generate a range of possible explanations, some representative of a structural explanation and others demonstrating an agent-based explanation. The outcome will be a more complete assessment of the influences upon British decision-makers in 2003 and a fuller understanding of why the UK went to war in Iraq.