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Dahl, Justiina, Peder Roberts, and Lize-Marié van der Watt. "Is there anything natural about the polar?" Polar Record 55, no. 5 (September 2019): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247419000652.
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AbstractAre similarities of temperature, snow and ice cover, and (certain) marine mammals sufficient to warrant both polar regions being considered a single object of study or governance? We argue that their treatment as a unit is an invitation to examine the motivations behind the choice to be polar rather than Arctic or Antarctic. For individuals such as James Clerk Ross or Roald Amundsen, logistical requirements and analogous goals facilitated careers spanning both the Arctic and the Antarctic. This trend continued through the 20th century as individual scientists studying phenomena such as glaciers, sea ice, or aurora defined their research as “polar” in nature. Organisations such as the Scott Polar Research Institute and Norwegian Polar Institute could draw on traditions of national exploration in both polar regions, while the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in St. Petersburg gained its southern mandate with the importance of the International Geophysical Year. By comparison, neither the Arctic Institute in Copenhagen nor the Argentine Antarctic Institute felt any need to become polar. The creation of polar identity is ultimately a matter of geopolitics, of the value states see in instruments and symbols that speak to polar rather than Arctic or Antarctic interests. In cases such as Finland’s icebreaker industry, a technological capability justified Antarctic interest even without any national research tradition. We conclude by asking whether there is anything more natural about the polar regions than there is about the concept of a “tripolar” world in which the high alpine regions form a natural unit along with the Arctic and Antarctic.
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Philip, Tony, Corey Karlin-Zysman, Alex Rimar, Tara Liberman, Donna Cardoza, Jane E. Carleton, and Craig E. Devoe. "Using a geographic and interdisciplinary strategy to improve patient care outcomes." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (September 20, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.78.
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78 Background: Long Island Jewish Medical Center at Northwell Health is an urban/suburban academic tertiary care hospital located across the street from the Northwell Health Cancer Institute. The Division of Hospital Medicine partnered with Hematology/Oncology and Palliative Care to co-manage inpatient oncology patients on a geographic unit. The goal was to improve patient care through co-ownership and co-accountability of cancer patients in conjunction with a unit-based collaboration with Nursing, Pharmacy, Social Work, Case Management and Physical Therapy. Methods: A unit-based, interdisciplinary care team was formed consisting of Medical Oncologists, Hospitalists, Palliative Care specialists, Radiation Oncologists, as well as unit based and specialty trained nurses, social workers and advanced care practitioners. The team meets Monday thru Friday during interdisciplinary rounds to collaboratively discuss the care plans of each patient. We recently added a hospital-based medical oncologist to support greater continuity and communication. Results: Since full implementation including improvements in patient cohorting, the oncology care model has resulted in a 20% reduction in Medicare readmissions, a significant reduction in CAUTIs and CLABSIs, a 50% reduction in C.diff, a decreased CMI-adjusted length of stay and an improvement in pain management HCAHP scores, despite a 10% increase in CMI. An interdisciplinary approach has also improved documentation of goals of care discussion from 6% to 40-58%, furthering the idea of providing a unified medical voice to a vulnerable population. Conclusions: The oncology care model highlights that implementing multidisciplinary rounding, co-management and population-based geography can deliver a higher quality and more efficient level of care even in the face of higher patient acuity.
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Dashore, Shubham, and Aaditya Shrivastava. "Design and Analysis of Sewage Treatment Plant with Sequential Batch Reactor for an Educational Institute." YMER Digital 21, no. 08 (August 11, 2022): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.08/38.
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One of major source of wastewater are educational institutions. Educational institutions do not have proper treatment unit for treatingthe sewage created by it. The raw institutional wastewater contains various toxic organic and inorganic compounds, chemicals, pathogenicmicroorganisms etc. If they are released into the environment without any treatment, our natural water bodies will be severely affected by them. As we cannot deny the contribution of educational institutes, industries and agricultural practices in our life, we must find a solutionto minimize the pollution. For this, the wastewater must be treated before releasing into the environment. Sewage treatment is a process that removes unusual contaminants from wastewater and brings back it to the environment for reuse. Our institute BIT Durg also generates both domestic and laboratory wastewaters which is directly going to the municipal sewerage system.With a view to treat and recover water from the sewage, here we arediscussing about constructing a STP Based on SBR concept for its sewage. Keywords: Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR), Sewage treatment plant , STAAD-Pro analysis
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Cima, Elizabeth Giron, eimar Freire da Rocha-Junior, Miguel Angel Uribe-Opazo, and Gustavo Henrique Dalposso. "Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP): Analysis of Agriculture of the State of Paraná-Brazil." Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2021.130203.
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The way the researcher groups his research data will influence the result of his work. In the literature, this phenomenon is treated as a Problem of the Modifiable Areal Unit. The objective of this article was to analyze the three spatial levels by Municipalities, Regional Centers and Mesoregions using the following data: gross domestic product, effective agricultural production, grain production and gross value of agricultural production for the state of Paraná-Brazil in the period since 2012 until 2015. The methodological procedure studied data from the Paranaense Institute for Economic and Social Development of the above-named variables collected on the website of the Paranaense Institute for Economic and Social Development of the 399 municipalities, 23 regional centers and 10 mesoregions. The results found show the presence of the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem, presenting different results for each level of grouping. The study revealed the problem of the modifiable areal unit is a relevant occurrence and it should be disregarded by researchers who work with clusters of spatial data in their studies. The results found allow a better understanding of the scale effect and demonstrate the efficiency of spatial analysis in socioeconomic data.
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Hiroaki, SAKAUE, and KAWABATA Mitsuaki. "Significance of Mobility Management Education Combining Geography and Civil Engineering at the National Institute of Technology: Sustainable Urban Development Learning Unit Design and Practice." E-journal GEO 13, no. 2 (2018): 549–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/ejgeo.13.549.
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Koliada, Ihor. "STUDENT CONSTRUCTION UNIT OF THE HISTORICAL FACULTY OF KYIV STATE PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE NAMED AFTER O.M. GORKY: THE HISTORY OF CREATION AND THE GEOGRAPHY OF ACTIVITIES." Bulletin of Agrarian History, no. 35-38 (2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/vah-2021.35-38.06.
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Melo, Laércio Almeida de, Lidiane Maria de Brito Macedo Ferreira, Marquiony Marques dos Santos, and Kenio Costa de Lima. "Socioeconomic, regional and demographic factors related to population ageing." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 20, no. 4 (August 2017): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562017020.170004.
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Abstract Objective: the present study aims to investigate the association between population ageing in municipal regions in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, and socioeconomic, demographic and regional factors. Method: an ecological study that used municipal regions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte as a unit of analysis was carried out. Data collection was conducted through databases from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, the Institute of Applied Economic Research and the Atlas of Human Development. The factor of Increased Age was created based on factor analysis, which was related to socioeconomic, demographic and regional variables. The chi-squared test with a significance level of 5% was used in addition to the Hosmer and Lemeshow technique for logistic regression. Result: it was found that municipal regions in the Central mesoregion have an older/ageing population, while those with intermediate populations have the oldest individuals. Furthermore, it was found that municipal regions with unequal income distribution and higher levels of education have an older population. Conclusion: it can be concluded that municipal regions classified as older/more aged were associated with the mesoregion to which the municipal region belongs; and those with intermediate population size were associated with favorable educational levels and unequal income distribution.
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Latifah, Julia Rahma, Yeni Rachmawati, and Rudiyanto Rudiyanto. "IDENTIFICATION OF FAMILY ENGAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION UNIT." Edukids: Jurnal Pertumbuhan, Perkembangan, dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 18, no. 2 (August 2, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/edukids.v18i2.35360.
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This research is motivated by the lack of family engagement participation in programs held by the institute of early childhood education. This research is aimed at discovering various family engagement programs in the Early Childhood Education (ECE) unit, supporting factors and barriers to the implementation of the family engagement program, and the benefits of the family engagement program in the ECE unit. The method employed in this research is literature review. Data were collected by studying various journals, books, and other relevant documents from various national and international web. The data analysis technique employed in this research is the MilesHuberman’s model by utilizing stages of analysis process consisting of data reduction, data organization, data display, and data interpretation. The research found that there are some family engagement programs, such as parents meeting to examine the science of parenting, communication development, volunteering in school programs, being involved in decision making, supporting learning at home activities, and collaborating with community. Factors supporting the implementation of the family engagement program in ECE are parents' commitment, solid parent-teacher relationships, parents' awareness, and parents' educational background. On the other hand, factors that become barriers in implementing the program are limited time, limited parents’ financial capability, parents’ low levels of education background, parents’ insecurity, and parents’ lack of understanding of the importance of the program. The benefit of family engagement program perceived by parents is gaining knowledge, information, and confidence in parenting. Furthermore, the program increases children’s performance, learning motivation, discipline, and creates alignment between learning at home and in school
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Smułkowa, Elżbieta. "Wspomnienie roli, jaką odegrał profesor Władysław Kuraszkiewicz w początkowym okresie białorutenistycznych badań gwaroznawczych w Polsce." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 25, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2018.25.1.17.
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Post-war research on Belarusian dialects in Poland using linguistic geography methods was launched in the 1950s by Prof. Antonina Obrębska-Jabłońska and her associates at the Polish-Soviet Institute in Warsaw. Before long, the institute’s Eastern Slavic sections were transferred to the Slavic Studies Unit of the Polish Academy of Sciences, where this work was continued. The main source of information on Eastern Slavic dialects between the Bug and Narew rivers, i.e. in the southern part of the area planned to be included in field studies, was Władysław Kuraszkiewicz’s article from 1939. In this work the Professor discussed the accentually determined development of Belarusian and Ukrainian diphthongs and the position-dependent depalatalization of consonants as well as mentioning preserved relics of infinitive forms of the it’`ie and peč`ye type, which in a subsequent work he explained as being a relic of the Jatzvingian (Yotvingian) language. The present paper highlights the merits of the distinguished Polish Slavic studies scholar, Professor Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, as a person, researcher and teacher.
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Niu, Qun, Kecheng Jiang, and Zhile Yang. "An Improved, Negatively Correlated Search for Solving the Unit Commitment Problem’s Integration with Electric Vehicles." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 5, 2019): 6945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11246945.
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With the rapid development of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), the charging of a number of PEVs has already brought huge impact and burden to the power grid, particularly at the medium and low voltage distribution networks. This presents a big challenge for further mass roll-out of electric vehicles. To assess the impact of charging of substantial number of electric vehicles on the grid, a model of 30000 PEVs integrated with unit commitment (UCEV) was investigated in this study. The unit commitment was a large-scale, mixed-integer, nonlinear, NP-Hard (non-deterministic polynomial) optimization problem, while the integration of PEVs further increased the complexity of the model. In this paper, a global best inspired negatively correlated search (GBNCS) method which extends the evolutionary logic of negatively correlated search is proposed to tackle the UCEV problem. In the proposed algorithm, a rounding transfer function in GBNCS, is deployed to convert real-valued variables into binary ones; further, the global best information is combined in the population to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Numerical results confirmed that the proposed GBNCS can achieve good performance in both a basic IEEE 10 unit commitment problem and the UCEV problem. It was also shown that, among four charging modes, the off-peak charging mode and EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) charging mode are more economical in PEV charging.
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Amer, Ramses. "The Ethnic Chinese and Economic Development in Vietnam. By Tran Khanh. Singapore: Indochina Unit, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1993. Pp. 127. Notes, Bibliography, Index." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 27, no. 2 (September 1996): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400021378.
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Sousa, Lourenço Lino de, Amélia Jesus Oliveira Freire Sakongo, and Miguel Casimiro António. "Ações desenvolvidas pelo Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação do Cuanza Sul (ISCED CS) em conjunto com as universidades brasileiras parceiras / Actions developed by the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of Cuanza Sul..." Cadernos CIMEAC 9, no. 1 (July 27, 2019): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18554/cimeac.v9i1.3875.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar ações desenvolvidas pelo Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação do Cuanza Sul (ISCED CS), Unidade Orgânica da Universidade Katyavala Bwila (UKB), em conjunto com as Universidades Brasileiras Parceiras. A instituição emana do então “pólo universitário do Cuanza Sul” dependente da Universidade Agostinho Neto, tendo na altura iniciado com 107 estudantes e hoje alberga 2.262 estudantes de graduação (licenciatura) e 134 de pós-graduação (mestrandos). Ministra os cursos de graduação em Ensino da Psicologia, Pedagogia, História, Geografia, Matemática, Química e Sociologia. Tem ainda aprovados para o arranque breve os cursos de Ensino da Língua Portuguesa, Língua Inglesa e Física. No que concerne à pós-graduação, a Instituição ministra três mestrados: Mestrado em Educação Pré – Escolar, Mestrado em Ensino Primário e Mestrado em Ciências da Educação com especialização em Ensino da Matemática, História, Geografia e Língua Portuguesa. A Instituição tem tirado bom proveito dos convênios com as Universidades do Brasil, o que tem contribuído muito na produção e divulgação do conhecimento. Entre as ações desenvolvidas podemos destacar o seminário de formação de professores Angola – Brasil (organizado anualmente desde 2016), a lecionação de disciplinas nos mestrados, a elaboração e participação em projetos de investigação e ainda a viabilização de publicação de artigos e/ou trabalhos científicos em revistas destas universidades. Podemos aferir que os convênios para o ISCED CS têm trazido grandes benefícios sobretudo na produção, difusão e socialização do conhecimento para o aprimoramento curricular e buscando a melhoria da qualidade da instituição.Palavras-chave: Ações Formativas; Convénios; Seminário; ISCED-CS. ABSTRACT: The present work aims to present actions developed by the Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Southern Cuanza (ISCED CS), Unit of Katyavala Bwila University (UKB), together with the Brazilian Universities Partners. The institution emanates from the University Center of Cuanza Sul, which was dependent of the Agostinho Neto University. At that time, it started with 107 students and now there are 2,262 undergraduate students and 134 postgraduate students. ISCED CS has seven (7) undergraduate courses: Teaching Psychology, Pedagogy, History, Geography, Mathematics, Chemistry and Sociology. It also has approved the undergraduate courses in Teaching of: Portuguese Language, English Language and Physics it might start soon. In terms of postgraduate studies, the Institution teaches three master's degrees: Master's Degree in Pre-School Education, Master's Degree in Primary Education and Master's Degree in Educational Sciences with specialization in Mathematics, History, Geography and Portuguese Language. The Institution has taken advantage of the agreements with the Universities of Brazil, which has contributed greatly in the production and dissemination of knowledge. Among the activities carried out we can highlight the seminar of teacher training Angola - Brazil (organized annually since 2016), the teaching of subjects in the masters programs, the elaboration and participation in research projects and also the feasibility of publishing scientific articles and/or works in magazines of these universities. We can verify that the agreements for ISCED CS have brought great benefits mainly in the socialization of knowledge for curricular and institutional improvement.Keywords: Formative actions; Agreements; Seminar; ISCED-CS.
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Bekdaş, Gebrail, Zülal Akbay Arama, Osman Hürol Türkakın, Aylin Ece Kayabekir, and Zong Woo Geem. "Cantilever Soldier Pile Design: The Multiobjective Optimization of Cost and CO2 Emission via Pareto Front Analysis." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 1, 2022): 9416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159416.
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In the context of this study, it is focused on the design of cantilever soldier piles under the concept of Pareto optimality with multiobjective analyses of cost and CO2 emission considering the change in the excavation depth, the shear strength parameters of the foundation soil strata, and the unit costs and unit emission amounts of structural materials. Considering this aim, the harmony search algorithm was used as a tool to achieve the integrated effects of the solution variants. The lateral response of the soil mass was determined based on the active Rankine earth pressure theory and the design process was shaped according to the beams on the elastic foundation soil assumption. Moreover, the specification envisaged by the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-11) was used to control the structural requirements of the design. Pareto front graphs and also design charts were created to achieve the eco- and cost optimization, simultaneously, for the design with arbitrarily selected cases to compare the results of the multiobjective analysis to minimize both the cost and the CO2 emission.
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McCulloch, J. S. G. "All our yesterdays: a hydrological retrospective." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2007): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-3-2007.
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Abstract. This paper traces the development and eventual recognition of hydrology as a scientific subject in its own right in the UK and, later, in the European Geophysical Society (EGS), now the European Geosciences Union (EGU). In the early 1960s, to facilitate decisions of executive government departments in meeting the rapidly increasing demand for industrial and domestic water supplies, a small Hydrological Research Unit (HRU) was established by the UK Department of Scientific and Industrial Research(DSIR) to investigate the comparative water use of forested and grassed upland catchments. These small beginnings in the HRU developed in a few years into the highly multi-disciplinary Institute of Hydrology (IH) as a source of independent advice for policy makers, with a capability to undertake longer term research, monitoring and data collection than was feasible in individual government departments or in the universities. Within IH, the range of specialities included not only engineering, physics, geography, geology, meteorology and instrumentation but also pollution, plant physiology, ecology, chemistry and economics. Said quickly in retrospect, the trajectory of the growth of IH seems smooth but, in reality, it masked many struggles between competing disciplines and departments before hydrology was recognised as a subject in its own right – the science of water.
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PRATS, Germán MARTÍNEZ, and Aida Beatriz ARMENTA-RAMÍREZ. "Validation Data of Mexico's Trade Balance." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 10, no. 4 (June 30, 2019): 1120. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v10.4(42).13.
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The collection, compilation and dissemination of international merchandise trade statistics must follow standards for international comparability. These processes are structured according to particular institutional arrangements in countries. The general responsibility and dissemination of the Merchandise Trade Balance in Mexico are Tax Administration Service, Ministry of the Economy, Banco de México and the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. At most points of entry, goods are brought into or withdrawn from the customs territory of a country under various customs procedures. The objective of this paper is to establish a method of validation of imports and exports considering the volumes by tariff fraction and unit of measure, as well as the incoterms, to generate a specific registry that allows obtaining more reliable information and serves to make decisions of the actors involved in foreign trade. This information will be used to analyze the evolution and structure of the Commercial Balance of Mexico, as well as to evaluate the interaction that is registered between the commercial activity and the behavior of the national economy, that is why the analysis of the information it generates the commercial balance of Mexico, since this is basic for the decision making of those in charge of public policies in commercial and financial matters.
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Kashyap, Bineeta, Rajat Jhamb, Rituparna Saha, and Pratima Prasad. "The Trend of Device-Associated Hospital Acquired Infections in an Adult Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Need to Revamp Preventive Strategies." Hospital Practices and Research 6, no. 3 (August 11, 2021): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpr.2021.19.
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Background: Device-associated infections (DAIs) like ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), central-line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSI), and catheter-related urinary tract Infection (CAUTI) constitute predominant healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in intensive care units (ICUs). Objectives: The study aims to elucidate their trends in an adult ICU. Methods: Over 21 months, monthly VAP, CLABSI, and CAUTI rate, and device utilization ratios were calculated in an adult ICU of a tertiary care hospital as part of routine surveillance activity. All cases of VAP, CLABSI, and CAUTI during these 21 months were included. In addition, monthly hand hygiene compliance rates were assessed during the latter period of the study by direct observation method. Results: Nosocomial DAI rate was 49.38 DAI/1000 ICU days. CAUTI, CLABSI, and VAP rates were 17.38, 26.85, 21.08 per 1000 device days, and device utilization ratios were 0.99, 0.61, and 0.02, respectively. Conclusion: The institute had high DAI rates in comparison to other studies from the same city. The declining trend of CAUTI rates roughly coincided with surveillance for hand hygiene compliance in ICU. Thus, it establishes baseline data and underscores the need for focused HIC to maximize patient outcomes.
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Lindsey, Charles W. "The New Wave of Japanese Investment in ASEAN. By Pasuk Phongpaichit. Singapore: ASEAN Economic Research Unit, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1990. Pp. vii, 127. Figures, Tables, Notes, Bibliography." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1992): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400011413.
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Zieja, Mariusz, Andrzej Gębura, Andrzej Szelmanowski, and Bartłomiej Główczyk. "Non-Invasive Monitoring of the Technical Condition of Power Units Using the FAM-C and FDM-A Electrical Methods." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 1, 2021): 13329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313329.
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This article presents the selected results of analytical and structural work conducted at the Air Force Institute of Technology (pl. ITWL) in the field of building a measuring apparatus for non-invasive monitoring of the technical condition of aircraft power units. Presented innovative FAM-C and FDM-A methods allow for observation of frequency modulation parameters as well as identification and diagnostic classification of particular mechanical subassemblies supplying the on-board generator and thus enable non-invasive monitoring of technical condition of the aircraft power unit and the aircraft propulsion system. The main purpose of this article is to present the measurement apparatus errors that occur in the signal conditioning system in the FAM-C and FDM-A methods. In spite of the fact that the measuring instrument was built on the basis of digital technology and that it uses typical solutions of electronic frequency measurement, due to the specificity of the applied diagnostic method there occur specific measuring errors which are presented in this article.
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Santos-Wisniewski, Maria José, Odete Rocha, Adriana Maria Guntzel, and Takako Matsumura-Tundisi. "Species richness and geographic distribution of the genera Chydorus and Pseudochydorus (Cladocera, Chydoridae) in São Paulo State." Biota Neotropica 8, no. 1 (March 2008): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032008000100007.
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The Chydorus and Pseudochydorus genera are widely distributed around the world. Some species of Chydorus are among the commonest anomopods and Pseudochydorus globosus, the only species of the genus, is believed cosmopolitan. This study was part of the project " Zooplanktonic biodiversity and state of degradation of continental water ecosystems in São Paulo State" , itself a part of the FAPESP/BIOTA Program - The Virtual Institute of Biodiversity (www.biotasp.org.br), the aim being to make an inventory and analyze the distribution of species of the genera Chydorus and Pseudochydorus in São Paulo State, Brazil. In total, 373 samples were collected from 223 water bodies in the Water Resources Management Units of São Paulo State, between 9/9/1999 and 8/28/2002. The sampled sites varied from small streams, rivers, ponds, lakes up to big reservoirs. Six species of the genus Chydorus and one of the genus Pseudochydorus were recorded. The most common and widely distributed species were Chydorus eurynotus and Chydorus pubescens. The species Chydorus parvireticulatus occurred only in one Water Resources Management Unit of the state, and constituted the first recorded of this species in São Paulo State.
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Hossain, Md Iqbal, Sayeeda Huq, and Tahmeed Ahmed. "Changes in Nutritional Status and Morbidities Among Children Having Severe Acute Malnutrition Attending a Nutrition Follow-Up Unit in Bangladesh Who Did Not Receive Any Food Supplementation." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 42, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03795721211028545.
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Background: The problem of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) among < 5 years old (U-5) children in Bangladesh is awful with higher risk of death or morbidities. However, there is no nationwide program where these children are managed with take-home therapeutic/supplementary food as recommended by World Health Organization. Objective: This study aimed to identify the changes in nutritional status and morbidities over 3 months of U-5 children having severe wasting (ie, SAM) whose parents refused to admit their children in the residential nutrition rehabilitation unit of the Dhaka Hospital of icddr, b (an international health research Institute based in Dhaka, Bangladesh), and instead attended the nutrition follow-up unit (NFU), and thus did not receive any food supplementation during nutritional rehabilitation. Methods: At the NFU, these SAM children on every visit (fortnightly to monthly) received health and nutrition education, multivitamins, zinc and iron supplements, and treatment of illnesses if any. Results: During the study period, a total 180 U-5 SAM children came regularly for NFU visit for at least 3 months, and they comprised our study sample. Their age at first NFU visit (baseline) was 13.4 ± 7.8 months and 46% were female. Over these 3 month follow-up period, the rate of weight gain was 2.2 ± 1.9 g/kg/d, change in mid upper arm circumference was from 105 to 115 mm, and change in weight-for-length or weight-for-height z-score was from −2.70 ± 0.94 to −1.95 ± 1.00. During the prior 14 days to the 4 NFU follow-up visit, 13.6% to 22.8% had common cold and/or cough, and 12.2% to 15.1% had pneumonia. Conclusion: Because the rate of weight gain was far below the expected ∼5 g/kg/d, the NFU visits without food supplementation are insufficient in terms of catchup growth. Thus, additional efforts are required to improve the management of these SAM children for their catchup growth.
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Cho, Minjung. "Housing Workers’ Evaluations of Residential Environmental Quality in South Korean Welfare Housing for Low-Income, Single-Parent Families." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 12, 2020): 5599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145599.
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This study evaluates the spatial conditions of the residential environment in welfare housing built for low-income, single-parent (LISP) families in South Korea to reveal the significant residential environmental (RE) design criteria concerning housing quality and family well-being. The primary data were analyzed by surveying 30 housing directors from 29 welfare residences, in conjunction with facility visits and interviews. The survey data were supplemented by interviewing 11 stakeholders, including government institute officials, project architects, and former residents who exited the program. A statistical analysis examined the RE quality in relation to building and resident features. Most respondents reported insufficient physical quality, specifically due to inappropriate units in size and number; poor indoor noise control; and substandard unit rooms, children’s rooms, and outdoor spaces. Furthermore, adequate rooms, family privacy, and a pleasant indoor environment (i.e., noise barrier, thermal comfort) were the most critical spatial design criteria. Particularly, the aforementioned housing environmental attributes were found to be different depending on a building’s construction year and type, householder type and age, and children’s age. Practical and methodological implications and future research directions are discussed to elevate the housing quality and sustainable well-being in welfare housing.
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Zielinski, Seweryn, Celene B. Milanés, Elena Cambon, Ofelia Perez Montero, Lourdes Rizo, Andres Suarez, Benjamin Cuker, and Giorgio Anfuso. "An Integrated Method for Landscape Assessment: Application to Santiago de Cuba Bay, Cuba." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 4773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094773.
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Human activities often drive landscape degradation and the associated loss of value. This paper describes a method that, by integrating multiple factors, characterize landscape value to establish relevant and effective management practices. The new integrated method for landscape assessment (IMLA) is a four-step model that includes: (i) establishment of a general theoretical basis for sustainability relevant metrics; (ii) characterization of the landscape; (iii) landscape valuation; (iv) recommendations for landscape value management. Each step includes different interactive components of analysis. The new IMLA considers the potential range of values associated with each landscape unit and facilitates sustainable landscape management. The method is systematic and includes both inductive and deductive reasoning. Its articulation is represented in the conjunction and overlapping of all factors and variables considered. IMLA was tested in Santiago de Cuba Bay (Cuba) and used to determine five landscape scopes, eight first-order landscape units and 29 s-order units. It proved to be a useful tool to establish landscape values and sound management strategies. Application of IMLA in Cuba will help local authorities institute land-use plans and to establish decision-making processes that include valuation of cultural landscapes.
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Borges, Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza, Renan Nasser Dalla Favera, Zaíra Morais dos Santos Hurtado De Mendoza, and Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza Morais. "Water demand and availability for livestock in the microregion of Alto Teles Pires – MT, Brazil." South Florida Journal of Environmental and Animal Science 2, no. 3 (August 24, 2022): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53499/sfjeasv2n3-004.
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The present study aimed to estimate the water demand and availability for livestock in the municipalities of the Microregion of Alto Teles Pires, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The historical series of flows obtained from the National System of Information on Water Resources (SNIRH) were used in the research. At the same time, several vector files were acquired from the continuous cartographic databases of the Brazilian Institute of Statistics and Geography (IBGE). In addition, on this site data referring to the livestock in the municipalities of the Microregion of Alto Teles Pires were obtained. To account for all species of animals and quantify the water demand in livestock in the mentioned Microregion with greater efficiency, the methodology suggested by the Paraná State Water Resources Plan (PERH) was applied. The data from the historical series of flows were analyzed with the R program, determining the reference flows Q95 of the fluviometric stations of this micro-region. In the elaboration of thematic maps, the QGIS program was used. The methodology applied in the research was adequate to evaluate the relationship between water demand and availability for livestock in the Alto Teles Pires Microregion. The water availability estimated in the micro-region was higher than the water demand required for animal watering and cleaning the facilities, meaning that livestock activities in the Micro-region did not compromise water availability, therefore, this was not a limiting factor for its development. In the geographical area studied, there was a high spatial variability in the number of animals, expressed through the EBWD unit, and it was not possible to establish a direct proportion between water availability and the area of the municipalities.
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Vásquez, Paola, Elizabeth Gómez, Viviana Gallego, and Andrea Potes. "Integrating Gender Equity in Vocational Studies to Transform Agricultural Activities Towards Green and Inclusive Businesses." European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n4p141.
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Productive sectors greatly contribute to environmental pollution in Colombia, especially in rural areas. Green businesses emerged as an alternative to reduce such environmental impacts, applying clean technologies that require STEM knowledge. However, the participation of women in environmental STEM careers is still low, particularly those vocationally oriented to eco-efficient agricultural activities. Thus, the research aimed to answer the question: How to integrate gender equity in vocational training processes to transform agricultural activities towards green and inclusive businesses? A vocational institute acted as the unit of analysis for the case study. Interviews, focus groups and surveys were used to collect data on women in two selected training programs. The gender transformative and sustainable production approaches guided the identification of gender barriers and the implementation of strategies to remove them. As a result, female models led trainings and the installation of environmental prototypes, which inspired and developed STEM skills in the female apprentices, and reduced pollution in rural units. Finally, innovative pedagogical processes and gender aspects were introduced in organizational guidelines, seeking the institutionalization of the gender perspective in STEM environmental vocational training programs and fields.
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Zahra, Tauseef, Zehra Jawa, Tehzeeb Zahra, Asif Nazeer, Hassan Raza, and Usma Batool. "Evaluation of Anxiety and Experience of patients presented with Maxillofacial Trauma in Nishtar Institute of Dentistry." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (August 31, 2022): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22168199.
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Aim: To evaluate the anxiety in patients of maxillofacial trauma using HAM-A scale presenting in emergency department and compare it with elective maxillofacial surgery patients Study design: Analytical cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted from May 2021 to Apr 2022 at Dental unit of Nishtar Institute of Dentistry. Methodology: 80 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included. Inclusion criteria was any patient aged between 12-80 years irrespective of gender who got isolated facial trauma, patients with no previous history of psychological disorder. Hamilton anxiety scale was used to make a proforma which was filled by on duty post graduate trainee. p-value of ≤0.05 was significant. Results: There were 61 males (76.2%) and 19(23.8%) females. Mean age of patients in group A (facial trauma) was 40.5±15.20 years and in group B (elective surgery) was 50.2±10.47 years. HAM-A score in group A was 25.15±9.74 (moderate to severe anxiety) and in group B it was 12.12±4.44 (mild anxiety) which was statistically significant. (p value 0.00). Conclusion: Maxillofacial injuries may pose a heavy impact psychological lives of patients and patients may suffer from anxiety and depression. A multidisciplinary team approach with surgeon and psychiatrist be included to reduce physical damage and psychological impact on patients. Keywords: Anxiety, depression, maxillofacial trauma
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Pinheiro, Leisson Domingues, Mauricia Macedo Ramalho, and Athos Ricardo Moraes Bastos. "Número de unidade terapia intensiva no Brasil entre 2009 a 2016." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 8, no. 24 (December 20, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2358-3088.2018.8.24.73-77.
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Este trabalho desperta uma análise de como vem se estruturando o sistema de saúde no Brasil e aplicação dos recursos na assistência de alta complexidade. O objetivo da pesquisa é realizar um levantamento dos estabelecimentos de saúde que prestam serviços em unidade de terapia intensiva ao sistema único de saúde. A metodologia empregada foi à busca na base de dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e censo da Associação de Medicina Intensiva Brasileira. Foi obtido um total de 1057 estabelecimentos em 2009 no IBGE e 1961 estabelecimentos em 2016 no censo de AMIB, observando um aumento médio de 76% em sete anos o número de estabelecimento de saúde em todo território brasileiro. A região sudeste tem uma representatividade maior em relação a outras regiões. Apesar do aumento médio geral dos estabelecimentos há necessidade da manutenção da satisfação e segurança assistencial para os usuários do sistema único de saúde.Descritores: Saúde Pública, População, Segurança do paciente. Number of intensive care unit in Brazil between 2009 and 2016Abstract: This work awakens an analysis of how the health system in Brazil has been structuring and the application of resources in high complexity care. The objective of the research is to carry out a survey of the health facilities that provide services in an intensive care unit to the single health system. The methodology used was the search in the database of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and census of the Association of Brazilian Intensive Medicine. A total of 1057 establishments were obtained in 2009 in IBGE and 1961 establishments in 2016 in the AMIB census, observing an average increase of 76% in seven years the number of health facilities throughout Brazil. The southeastern region has a greater representativeness in relation to other regions. Despite the general average increase of the establishments, there is a need to maintain satisfaction and assurance of care for the users of the single health system.Descriptors: Public Health, Population, Patient Safety. Número de unidad de terapia intensiva en Brasil 2009 a 2016Resumen: Este trabajo despierta un análisis de cómo se viene estructurando el sistema de salud en Brasil y aplicación de los recursos en la asistencia de alta complejidad. El objetivo de la investigación es realizar un levantamiento de los establecimientos de salud que prestan servicios en unidad de terapia intensiva al sistema único de salud. La metodología empleada fue a la búsqueda en la base de datos del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística y censo de la Asociación de Medicina Intensiva Brasileña. Se obtuvo un total de 1057 establecimientos en 2009 en el IBGE y 1961 establecimientos en 2016 en el censo de AMIB, observando un aumento promedio del 76% en siete años el número de establecimiento de salud en todo el territorio brasileño. La región sudeste tiene una representatividad mayor en relación a otras regiones. A pesar del aumento promedio general de los establecimientos hay necesidad de mantener la satisfacción y seguridad asistencial para los usuarios del sistema único de salud.Descriptores: Salud Pública, Población, Seguridad del Paciente.
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Lara-Carrillo, Edith, Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna, Gabriel Conzuelo-Rodríguez, Regiane Cristina do Amaral, Raúl Alberto Aguilera-Eguía, and Victor Hugo Toral-Rizo. "Effect of Human Development Index and other socioeconomic factors on mortality-to-incidence ratio of lips and oral cavity cancer in Mexican states: an ecological study." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (June 2021): e042376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042376.
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ObjectivesTo assess the association between the Human Development Index (HDI) and covariates on the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of lips and oral cavity cancer (LOCC) in Mexico.DesignEcological study.SettingData from 32 Mexican states for year 2019.ParticipantsData set of male and female populations from Mexico.ExposuresSocioeconomic conditions based on HDI and covariates related to healthcare system capacity (total health spending per capita, school dropout and ratio of medical personnel in direct contact with patients).Primary and secondary outcome measuresMIR of LOCC by state and sex was calculated from the Global Burden of Disease Study website for year 2019. Data for calculating HDI 2019 by state and covariates were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography. A multiple regression model was constructed to measure the effects of HDI and covariates on LOCC-MIR.ResultsAmong the states with the highest HDI (>0.780), Colima had the highest aged-standardised rates per 100.000 in men for incidence (5.026) and mortality (3.118). The greatest burden of the disease was found on men, with the highest Men:Women MIR in Colima (3.10) and Baja California Sur (2.73). The highest MIR (>0.65) was found among the states with the lowest HDI (Oaxaca and Chiapas). For each unit of increase of the HDI there was a decrease in the LOCC- MIR of −0.778, controlling for the covariates. The most suitable regression model explained the 57% (F (p): 0.000) of the variance.ConclusionsMen were most affected by LOCC in Mexican states. The highest MIRs of LOCC were found in the states with the highest HDI. But a worse prognosis of the disease, expressed as a higher MIR, is expected in contexts with lower HDI in the country, even with lower MIRs.
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Hammadi, Ayad, and Eric J. Miller. "An agent-based transportation impact sketch planning (TISP) model system." Journal of Transport and Land Use 14, no. 1 (February 14, 2021): 219–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2021.1863.
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A traffic impact sketch planning (TISP) model is presented for the estimation of the likely travel demand generated by a major land-use development or redevelopment project. The proposed approach overcomes the problems with the non-behavioral transportation-related studies used in practice for assessing the development design impacts on the local transportation system. The architectural design of the development, in terms of the number and type of dwellings, by number of bedrooms per unit, and the land-use categories of the non-residential floorspace, are reflected in the TISP model through an integrated population and employment synthesis approach. The population synthesis enables the feasible deployment of an agent-based microsimulation (ABM) model system of daily activity and travel demand for a quick, efficient, and detailed assessment of the transportation impacts of a proposed neighborhood or development. The approach is not restricted to a certain type of dataset of the control variables for the geographic location of the development. Datasets for different geographic dimensions of the study area, with some common control variables, are merged and cascaded into a synthesized, disaggregate population of resident persons, households and jobs. The prototype implementation of the TISP model is for Waterfront Toronto’s Bayside Development Phase 2, using the operational TASHA-based GTAModel V4.1 ABM travel demand model system. While the conventional transportation studies focus on the assessment of the local traffic impacts in the immediate surroundings of the development, the TISP model investigates and assesses many transportation related impacts in the district, city, and region, for both residents and non-residents of the development. TISP model analysis includes the overall spatiotemporal trips distribution generated by the residents and non-residents of the development for the auto and non-auto mobility systems and the simulated agents diurnal peaking travel times. The model results are compared with the trips estimates by a prior project traffic impact study and the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) Trip Generation Manual (TGM) rates of weekday trips for the relevant land uses. Future extensions and improvements of the model including the generalization and full automation of the model, and the bi-level macro-micro representation of the transportation network are also discussed.
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Choi, Myoungjae, Ohjin Kwon, Dongkyu Won, and Wooseok Jang. "Identifying the Policy Direction of National R&D Programs Based on Data Envelopment Analysis and Diversity Index Approach." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 13, 2021): 12547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212547.
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The Korean government has been continuously conducting diverse national R&D programs to discover new growth engines. The Republic of Korea is one of the countries with the largest investment in national R&D, but its efficiency was relatively low. In response, this study established a framework to identify the characteristics and direction of outstanding R&D programs. In this study, the performance of the R&D programs was identified in the sub-program unit. The efficiency of the national R&D program was analyzed using the data envelopment analysis model through the outputs of the national R&D programs such as papers and patents. However, patent and paper output would take time to be realized. Therefore, this study also calculated the diversity index of R&D programs to identify their potential expected performance. This study applied the suggested framework in the electric vehicle fields, which is one of the core growth engines of South Korea. A list of outstanding programs was identified from the National Institute of Science and Technology Information (NTIS) data. Additionally, this study also discovered the main technology areas and their current issues of outstanding and brand-new R&D programs. These results could contribute to suggesting the policy direction to conduct high-performance national R&D programs.
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Oliveira, Janilton Gomes de, Marcus Vinícius Da Silva, Geovália Oliveira Coelho, and Ricardo Bittencourt Pimentel. "Sistema de informação geográfica na web: estudo de caso do curso de Sistemas de Informação do IFMG - Campus São João Evangelista (SJE)." ForScience 8, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): e00679. http://dx.doi.org/10.29069/forscience.2020v8n1.e679.
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Para buscar entender a dinâmica, diversidade e movimentação dos ingressos e egressos do Curso de Bacharelado em Sistemas de Informação do Instituto Federal de Minas Gerais - Campus São João Evangelista (IFMG-SJE) é necessário o uso de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica para auxiliar e agilizar o acesso às informações e a tomada de decisão dos gestores institucionais. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo projetar e desenvolver um Sistema de Informação Geográfica na Web para acompanhamento dos ingressos e egressos do curso Bacharelado em Sistemas de Informação do IFMG-SJE. O sistema possibilitou o acompanhamento dos estudantes por semestre, informando de forma objetiva, rápida e visual as turmas, os status e as cidades dos estudantes, através de filtros estatísticos e informações geográficas. Para a construção do sistema foi utilizado as linguagens de programação Web, a API do Google Maps e a base de dados MySQL. Após o desenvolvimento foram feitos os seguintes testes: unitário, integração, piloto, e usuário. Os testes revelaram que o sistema teve boa aceitação por parte dos usuários, que constataram a relevância do sistema para a instituição. Palavras-chave: SIG na Web. API do Google Maps. Acompanhamento de ingresso e egresso. Informação geográfica. Geographic information system on the web: case study of the information systems class of IFMG-SJE Abstract To seek the understanding of the dynamics, diversity and movement of incoming and graduating students of the Bachelor Information Systems Course at the Federal Institute of Minas Gerais - Campus São João Evangelista (IFMG-SJE) it is necessary to use Geographic Information Systems to assist and streamline access to information and decision-making by institutional managers. Therefore, it aims to design and develop a Geographical Information System on the Web to monitor the incoming and graduating students of the Bachelor's course in Information Systems of IFMG-SJE. The system finally made it possible to monitor students per semester, objectively, quickly and visually informing student’s classes, status and cities, through statistical filters and geographical information. Web programming languages, the Google Maps API and the MySQL database were used to build the system. After development, the following tests were performed: unit, integration, pilot, and user. After all tests that we have done the system shows that it is working perfectly and it is well accepted by users, who verified the relevance of the system for the institution. Keywords:GIS on the web. Google Maps API. Monitoring of incoming and graduating students. Geographic Information.
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Steinberg, David I. "Burma - Myanmar Dilemmas and Options: The Challenge of Economic Transition in the 1990s. Edited by Mya Than and Joseph L.H. Tan. Singapore: ASEAN Economic Research Unit, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1990. Pp. x, 288. Figures, Tables, Notes, Bibliography." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 22, no. 2 (September 1991): 416–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400004100.
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Yeo, Inchoon, and Yunsoo Choi. "An Efficient Method for Capturing the High Peak Concentrations of PM2.5 Using Gaussian-Filtered Deep Learning." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 11889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111889.
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This paper proposes a deep learning model that integrates a convolutional neural network with a gate circulation unit that captures patterns of high-peak PM2.5 concentrations. The purpose is to accurately predict high-peak PM2.5 concentration data that cannot be trained in general deep learning models. For the training of the proposed model, we used all available weather and air quality data for three years from 2015 to 2017 from 25 stations of the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) and the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) observatory in Seoul, South Korea. Our model trained three years of data and predicted high-peak PM2.5 concentrations for the year 2018. In addition, we propose a Gaussian filter algorithm as a preprocessing method for capturing high concentrations of PM2.5 in the Seoul area and predicting them more accurately. This model overcomes the limitations of conventional deep learning approaches that are unable to predict high peak PM2.5 concentrations. Comparing model measurements at each of the 25 monitoring sites in 2018, we found that the deep learning model with a Gaussian filter achieved an index of agreement of 0.73–0.89 and a proportion of correctness of 0.89–0.96, and compared to the conventional deep learning method (average POC = 0.85), the Gaussian filter algorithm (average POC = 0.94) improved the accuracy of high-concentration PM2.5 prediction by an average of about 9%. Applying this algorithm in the preprocessing stage could be updated to predict the risk of high PM2.5 concentrations in real time.
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Yang, Qiwen, Hui Zhang, Yunsong Yu, Haishen Kong, Qiong Duan, Yong Wang, Shufang Zhang, et al. "In Vitro Activity of Imipenem/Relebactam Against Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Obtained from Intra-abdominal, Respiratory Tract, and Urinary Tract Infections in China: Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART), 2015–2018." Clinical Infectious Diseases 71, Supplement_4 (November 15, 2020): S427—S435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1519.
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Abstract Background Considering the increasing incidence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in China, this study aimed to establish the in vitro effectiveness of imipenem/relebactam (IMI/REL) on clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates derived from intra-abdominal infections (IAIs), respiratory tract infections (RTIs), and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in China between 2015 and 2018. Methods In total, 8781 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from IAI, RTI, and UTI samples were collected from 22 hospitals across 7 geographic regions of China. Susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs was tested using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution and breakpoints, and IMI/REL activity was assessed using United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Results In 2015–2018, the most frequently identified Enterobacteriaceae species was Escherichia coli (n = 4676 [53.3%]), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2949 [33.6%]) and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 542 [6.2%]). The Enterobacteriaceae isolates showed 95.2% overall susceptibility to IMI/REL, of which the susceptibility rates in isolates from IAI, RTI, and UTI were 95.8%, 91.4%, and 96.6%, respectively. Overall, the susceptibilities of both intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU Enterobacteriaceae isolates to colistin were 92.9%, followed by IMI/REL (90.7% [95.9%]) and amikacin (83.3% [92.3%]). In addition, IMI/REL restored 66.3% susceptibility in imipenem-nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae. Conclusions Given their high in vitro susceptibility, Enterobacteriaceae infections in China should be considered for IMI/REL treatment, especially with isolates that are not susceptible to carbapenems.
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Oliveira, Gustavo Silva, Romano Timofeiczyk Junior, Ailson Augusto Loper, Pedro José Steiner Neto, and Ricardo Ribeiro Alves. "Production of round wood from planted forests and price of pulp and paper and other forestry purposes in southern Brazil." December 2021, no. 15(12):2021 (December 12, 2021): 1446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.21.15.12.p3313.
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The aim of the study is to analyze the production of round wood from planted forests and the price of pulp and paper and other forestry purposes in southern Brazil, from 2000 to 2019. In this study, we worked with historical series from secondary data collected from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics IBGE, referring to the produced and traded quantity in forestry (m³), forestry production value (one thousand dollars) and price ($/m³), obtained through the ratio between the production value and the respective produced quantities in each year. The silviculture production value (PV) is a derived variable calculated by the weighted average of quantity and average current price paid to the producer (m³), according to the harvest and commercialization periods of each product. The price evolution (P) was separated according to purpose and obtained through the quotient between the production value and respective quantities produced in each year. The trend models were estimated, in which annual growth rates of the real price and produced quantity were calculated for the two roundwood purposes in the evaluated period. Then, we sought to fit the results according to the possibilities of shift of the supply and demand curves. The results indicate that pulp and paper presented positive rates of produced quantity and price, of 5.8775 and 1.3704, respectively. The nomenclature for other purposes had a positive rate for the produced quantity (4.1929) and a negative rate for price (-0.3203). Thus, logwood for pulp and paper showed a dominant shift in the demand curve to the right, showing a rising market, while for other purposes, there was a dominant shift in supply to the right, corroborating the concept of positive variation in quantity and a negative variation in price. Given these results, it is important to highlight that the study refers to one federative unit in Brazil, which signals the recommendation that other similar studies be carried out in other states to better understand the impact of production and price of these purposes on the Brazilian market
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Burton, Ed, David John Edwards, Chris Roberts, Nicholas Chileshe, and Joseph H. K. Lai. "Delineating the Implications of Dispersing Teams and Teleworking in an Agile UK Construction Sector." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 9981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179981.
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A scientometric analysis of extant literature is conducted to elucidate upon the practicality of teleworking throughout industry as a prelude to prescribing a bespoke conceptual adoption model that embeds innovative digital technologies to facilitate teleworking for construction professionals. The model is premised upon the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) work stages and illustrates how technologies are being used at each incremental stage. An interpretivist philosophy and inductive reasoning were adopted using a sample of longitudinal secondary data contained within pertinent extant literature, where each publication constitutes a unit of analysis. The qualitative scientometric software VOSviewer and Voyant Tools were utilised to examine emergent research trends, with further manual review of prominent papers contained within the sample dataset. Four distinct historical advances are delineated in a timeline that describes the evolution of home working from the 1970s through to the present day (and during the global COVID-19 pandemic). Key milestones delineated indicate how technological advances have created new opportunities for teleworking. The research indicates that an acceleration of digital advances has engendered modernity in contemporary work location patterns and that these offer potentials to reduce the environmental impact of anthropogenic activities. This unique study highlights how COVID-19 and available digital technologies have shaped the future of teleworking from home and the potential environmental impact of such. This concludes by signposting directions for future research into the adoption of teleworking at the organisational level and establishing the cost and environmental savings to businesses from abandoning the traditional model of employer-based working.
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Bardakov, VA. "Working collection of lupine gene pool as effective tool for use in breeding programs." Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources), no. 29 (2021): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2021.29.08.
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Aim. To study collection accessions of the lupine gene pool for valuable economic characteristics and to build up a working collection from sources selected for the conditions of the Ukrainian Woodlands in accordance with current trends in this crop breeding. Results and Discussion. 150 accessions of the yellow lupine (L. luteus L.), 95 accessions of the white lupine (L. albus L.) and 40 accessions of the narrow-leaved lupine (L. angustifolius L.) of different eco-geographic origins from the collection of the Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agricultural Production of NAAS were investigated. The three-year results on 285 accessions of the lupine gene pool studied in the conditions of the Left-Bank Woodlands of Ukraine are presented. The selected sources of economically valuable traits became the basis of the lupine working collection, where traits were picked out for the regional conditions and in accordance with the current trends in this crop breeding. The collection includes 95 accessions of the yellow, white and narrow-leaved lupine species with varying expression of 11 economically valuable traits and is recommended as a genetic basis and valuable starting material for creating new, highly productive, early maturing varieties of fodder lupine. Conclusions. We built up the working collection of the lupine gene pool. There was a correlation between the performance elements (seed weight per plant, pod and seed numbers per plant) and the total yield of seeds per unit area (r = 0.520 – 0.957).
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Hoyo-Montaño, José, Guillermo Valencia-Palomo, Rafael Galaz-Bustamante, Abel García-Barrientos, and Daniel Espejel-Blanco. "Environmental Impacts of Energy Saving Actions in an Academic Building." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 14, 2019): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11040989.
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Global warming and climate change effects have been of such impact that several countries around the world are enforcing public policies to mitigate them. Mexico has shown a strong commitment to the environment and rational use of energy, as signed on the General Law for Climate Change (GLCC) and stating, in its second article, the goal of a 30% reduction of greenhouse gases by 2020. To add to this goal, the Hermosillo Institute of Technology is implementing a pilot energy saving program that mixes retrofitting of academic buildings and the implementation of automatic controls for lighting and heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC). The retrofitting is performed by replacing fluorescent T8 tubes with high efficiency LED T8 tubes in a new arrangement. To increase the energy saving obtained by the retrofitting, a building automation and control system (BACS) has been developed and installed. The BACS is implemented using two different networks, the first one communicates a central control unit with the building control node using a private Ethernet network. Inside the building, the control actions are transmitted using a ZigBee network. The energy savings have been estimated as 4864 kWh/year, representing a 36.42% saving, the environmental and health effects are calculated using emission parameters of the nearest power plant to our site, and the procedure presented in Harvard’s Six Cities Study by Dockery. Results show a total CO2eq equivalent to 0.000409% of the national goal. The economic impacts of the carbon social cost and health benefits are $745.26 USD/year and $4017.71 USD/year while the direct billing savings are $3700.56 USD/year, and these results are based on only one building of the campus.
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Ali, Mujahid, Afonso R. G. de Azevedo, Markssuel T. Marvila, Muhammad Imran Khan, Abdul Muhaimin Memon, Faisal Masood, Najib Mohammed Yahya Almahbashi, et al. "The Influence of COVID-19-Induced Daily Activities on Health Parameters—A Case Study in Malaysia." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 4, 2021): 7465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137465.
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Since December 2019, the COVID-19 epidemic has been spreading all over the world. This epidemic has brought a risk of death in the daily activity (physical and social) participation that influences travellers’ physical, social, and mental health. To analyze the impact of the COVID-19-induced daily activities on health parameters of higher education institutes, 150 students of the Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia, were surveyed through an online web survey using random sampling techniques. The data were analyzed through RStudio and SPSS using multilevel linear regression analysis and Hierarchical Structural Equation Modeling. The estimated results indicate that restricting individuals from doing out-of-home activities negatively influences physical and social health. A unit increase in the in-home maintenance activities during the COVID-19 pandemic introduced a daily increase of 0.5% in physical health. Moreover, a unit increase in the in-home activities at leisure time represents a 1% positive improvement in social health. Thus, physical activity has proven to be beneficial in improving physical and social health with severe COVID-19. In contrast, the coefficient of determination (R2) for all endogenous variables ranges from 0.148 to 0.227, which is incredibly acceptable in psychological research. For a healthier society with a better quality of life, this study adopted multidisciplinary approaches that are needed to be designed.
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Gadhesaria, Gauravkumar, Chinmay Desai, Ravi Bhatt, and Bashir Salah. "Thermal Analysis and Experimental Validation of Environmental Condition Inside Greenhouse in Tropical Wet and Dry Climate." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 3, 2020): 8171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198171.
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A facility for controlled environment agriculture from an energy consumption point of view was investigated at the C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University (21.1667° N, 72.8333° E), Bardoli, Surat, Gujarat, India. It is a tropical wet and dry region of the state of Gujarat. The study was carried out for an even span type 2.45 m × 3.65 m greenhouse with an elevation of 34 m above the sea level under the environmental conditions. A thermal model is proposed to identify the suitable climate condition for the cultivation of different varieties of Banana (Musa) and Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Banana and Sugarcanes are the main crops in the Surat district, wherein around 12,400 hector and 94,500 hector cultivation are done, respectively. The experimental study was carried out during the period of December 2017 (winter) to February 2018 (winter and summer). The proposed thermal model is helpful to indicate the hourly energy balance and average temperature distribution inside the greenhouse. The greenhouse was studied for east–west orientation. The steady state analysis was utilized to find extra thermal energy other than solar radiation needed to keep the plant temperature desirable. Experimental validation of the model was carried out in even span greenhouse. At last, some important conclusions are drawn and suggestions made for further studies based on the main characteristics and results of the study. A higher air change rate seems desirable to bring down the temperature further. It was observed that the extra heating is required during the period of December to February, whereas from March onwards a storage unit is required to absorb the energy available and utilize it whenever necessary in the given climatic condition and crop.
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Varner, C., J. Kwong, M. Campitelli, S. L. McLeod, and B. Borgundvaag. "LO079: Prevalence and geographic variability of ectopic pregnancy in Ontario using inpatient and outpatient data: a 12-year surveillance study." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.116.
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Introduction: It is estimated that 6% to 13% of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with vaginal bleeding or abdominal pain will have ectopic pregnancy. Risk factors such as previous pelvic infections, assisted reproductive technologies and previous tubal surgery as well as prevalence of ectopic pregnancy vary geographically. To date, the surveillance of ectopic pregnancy in Canada has been limited to hospitalized patient data, excluding patients receiving methotrexate therapy, day surgery or expectant management, possibly underestimating the true prevalence. The objective of this study was to determine Ontario’s ectopic pregnancy rate and geographic variability using both inpatient and outpatient data sources. Methods: Data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database, Same Day Surgery Database, National Ambulatory Care Reporting System, and Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) Claims Database was retrieved for all females with valid OHIP coverage aged 15 to 45 years from July 2002 to August 2014. Using ICD-10 and OHIP codes for ectopic pregnancy, abortions and deliveries, the rates and distribution of ectopic pregnancy (per 1000 reported pregnancies) by age group and public health unit (PHU) were documented. These data were also compared to the rate of ectopic pregnancy documented using only hospitalized patient data. Results: Using inpatient and outpatient data sources, the rate of ectopic pregnancy in Ontario increased from 20.5 to 27.5 per 1000 reported pregnancies from 2002 to 2014, respectively. The rate of ectopic pregnancy using only hospitalized patient data decreased from 12.6 to 9.5 per 1000 reported pregnancies from 2002 to 2014, respectively. The median (IQR) rate of ectopic pregnancy over the 12-year study period varied across public health units in Ontario, ranging from 14.9 (12.5, 17.5) to 37.7 (29.1, 55.8) per 1000 reported pregnancies. Conclusion: The rate of ectopic pregnancy is increasing in Ontario and has been previously underreported using only hospitalized patient data. Further research is needed to identify the factors resulting in this increase as well as the outcomes of ectopic pregnancies in Ontario.
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Malysheva, N. Yu, and L. L. Malyshev. "An analysis of the Medicago falcata s.l. alfalfas collected in the ex-USSR territories for the fullness of their coverage." Proceedings on applied botany, genetics and breeding 181, no. 3 (October 13, 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2227-8834-2020-3-17-24.
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Background. The collection of wild yellow alfalfas from the Medicago falcata s.l. complex maintained at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) is a unique genetic stock collected while exploring the ex-USSR territories from 1924 to 2018. It includes Medicago falcata L. proper, M. borealis Grossh., M. romanica Prod., M. quasifalcata Sinsk., M. difalcata Sinsk., and M. glandulosa David. Gap analysis makes it possible to assess the sufficiency of VIR’s collecting efforts in a certain locality or administrative unit and plan further collecting activities to ensure comprehensive conservation of sickle alfalfa genetic diversity.Material and methods. Databases of the Perennial Forage Crop Genetic Resources Department at VIR, and digital maps of administrative subdivisions of Russia and neighboring countries served as the research material. The ex-USSR administrative subdivisions were accepted as operational units. For each of them, the number of ser. Falcatae Vass. species and the number of accessions per administrative subdivision were taken into account. Statistical data processing included construction of frequency tables and differentiated mapping.Results. The coordinates of collection sites were identified for 446 accessions. Collections of six wild species within the studied complex were analyzed across the ex-USSR space, and in more detail in Krasnodar Territory.Conclusion. The target areas were identified for further collecting activities. For Russia, the prioritized regions where the collection could be replenished are the northern frontier of the area of sickle alfalfa distribution in the European part and its eastern borderline in Siberia, both characterized by extreme environmental conditions. To increase the geographic diversity of the collection, additional collecting efforts are required, along with mobilization of accessions from the neighboring countries.
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Sharifi, Abdul Muhib, Abdul Rashid Mansoor, M. Akbar Ibrahimi, Abdul Wali, Wali Wali, and Khesrow Ekram. "Congenital heart disease in children with Down syndrome in Afghanistan." Paediatrica Indonesiana 58, no. 6 (December 17, 2018): 312–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi58.6.2018.312-6.
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Background Congenital heart disease (CHD) is frequently cited as the main cause of death in the pediatric Down syndrome (DS) population. The prevalence and spectrum of CHD patterns in DS varies widely worldwide; this variation could be due to sociodemographic, genetic, and/or geographic factors.
Objective To verify the prevalence, pattern, and frequency distribution of CHD in children with Down syndrome.
Methods A three-year retrospective study was conducted in children aged 0-14 years with Down syndrome who underwent echocardiography for possible CHD from January 2014 to December 2016, based on the Pediatric Unit CHD Registry of the Cardiac Research Institute, Kabul Medical University. Clinical, echocardiographic, and outcome data were collected and sorted according to confirmation of the syndrome and echocardiography result.
Results During the three-year study period, 420 DS patients were identified, 286 (68%) of whom had CHDs. The prevalence of isolated and multiple CHD in the 420 children with DS were 38% (160 patients) and 30% (126 patients), respectively. Ventricular septal defect (23%) and atrial septal defect (16.4%) were the most common isolated defects. The combination of VSD and ASD (19.9%) were the most frequent multiple CHDs. The most common associations of CHD were VSD + ASD (19.9%) and VSD + PDA (9%).
Conclusion A high prevalence of CHDs was noted in children with Down syndrome. VSD and ASD are the most commonly diagnosed isolated CHDs in our study. ASD + VSD is the most common multiple CHD pairing. To our knowledge, this is the first extensive study in Afghanistan to demonstrate the pattern and prevalence of CHD associated with Down syndrome.
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Antiqueira, Lia Maris Orth Ritter, Renata Gabriela Villegas de Castro e. Souza, Miklos Maximiliano Bajay, and Paulo Yoshio Kageyama. "Genetic structure and diversity of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. in Cerrado fragments of the São Paulo State, Brazil." Revista Árvore 38, no. 4 (August 2014): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622014000400010.
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The loss of large areas of Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) in Brazil can lead to reduced biodiversity and to the extinction of species. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the genetic fragility of populations of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf exposed to different anthropic conditions in fragments of Cerrado in the state of São Paulo. The study was carried out in two Experimental Stations operated by the Forest Institute (Assis and Itirapina), in one fully protected conservation unit (Pedregulho) and in one private property (Brotas). Analyses were conducted using leaf samples from 353 adult specimens and eight pairs of microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 13 to 15 in all populations, but the mean number of effective alleles was approximately half this value (7.2 to 9-1). Observed heterozygosity was significant and lower than the expected in all populations. Consequently, all populations deviated from Hardy-Weinberg expected frequencies. Fixation indexes were significant for all populations, with the Pedregulho population having the lowest value (0.189) and Itirapina having the highest (0.283). The analysis of spatial genetic structure detected family structures at distance classes of 20 to 65 m in the populations studied. No clones were detected in the populations. Estimates of effective population size were low, but the area occupied by each population studied was large enough for conservation, medium and long term. Recent reductions or bottlenecks were detected in all four populations. Mean Gst’ (genetic divergence) indicated that most of the variation was within populations. Cluster structure analysis based on the genotypes detected K= 4 clusters with distinct allele frequencies patterns. The genetic differentiation observed among populations is consistent with the hypothesis of genetic and geographic isolation. Therefore, it is essential to adopt conservation strategies that raise the gene flow between fragments.
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Souza, Bruno Augusto de, and Marcelo de Mello. "BRASÍLIA, LUZIÂNIA E AS REPERCUSSÕES TERRITORIAIS DE UMA METROPOLIZAÇÃO (IN)DESEJADA." Revista Cerrados 15, no. 02 (March 16, 2020): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692v15n22017p129a144.
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O processo de transferência da capital federal do Rio de Janeiro para Brasília promoveu um expressivo fluxo migratório no território goiano. Os dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) indicam que processos migratórios centrados na capital da república ainda repercutem no crescimento populacional de municípios goianos localizados no entorno do Distrito Federal. Entre os municípios goianos afetados pela construção de Brasília, Luziânia aparece de maneira destacada, pois perdeu parte de seu território para a construção de Brasília e, posteriormente, foi fragmentado para a criação de outros cinco municípios. A proximidade com Brasília fez com que conjuntos habitacionais fossem construídos em Luziânia para arrefecer a pressão por moradia no interior do Distrito Federal. Os Conjuntos Habitacionais, por sua vez, originaram três dos cinco municípios criados por meio do parcelamento do território de Luziânia e são fundamentais para o entendimento de um processo de metropolização centrado em Brasília. Este contexto marcado por fragmentações territoriais e por expressivos movimentos migratórios promoveu a elaboração de um conceito jurídico desenvolvido para possibilitar a gestão de processos de metropolização que envolvem municípios de mais de uma Unidade Federativa. Esta figura jurídica é a Região Integrada de Desenvolvimento.
Palavras-chave: Cidade; Fragmentação territorial; Metropolização.
BRASILIA, LUZIANIA AND REPERCUSSIONS OF A TERRITORIAL METROPOLIZATION (UN)DESIRED
Abstract
The process of transferring the federal capital from Rio de Janeiro to Brasilia promoted a significant migratory flow in the territory of Goiás. Data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) indicate that migratory processes centered on the capital of the republic still have repercussions on the population growth of municipalities located in the vicinity of the Federal District. Among the municipalities affected by the construction of Brasilia, Luziânia appears prominently, since it lost part of its territory for the construction of Brasília and was later fragmented to create five other municipalities. The proximity to Brasília caused housing projects to be built in Luziânia to cool down the pressure for housing in the interior of the Federal District. The Housing Sets, in turn, originated three of the five municipalities created by means of the subdivision of the territory of Luziânia and are fundamental for the understanding of a process of metropolization centered in Brasília. This context marked by territorial fragmentation and by expressive migratory movements promoted the elaboration of a legal concept developed to enable the management of processes of metropolization that involve municipalities of more than one Federative Unit. This legal figure is the Integrated Development Region.
Keywords: City; Territorial fragmentation; Metropolization.
BRASILIA, LUZIANIA Y REPERCUSIONES TERRITORIALES DE UN METROPOLIZACIÓN (NO)DESEADO
Resumen
El proceso de transferencia de la capital federal de Río de Janeiro a Brasilia promovió un expresivo flujo migratorio en el territorio goiano. Los datos del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE) indican que procesos migratorios centrados en la capital de la república aún repercuten en el crecimiento poblacional de municipios goianos ubicados en el entorno del Distrito Federal. Entre los municipios goianos afectados por la construcción de Brasilia, Luziânia aparece de manera destacada, pues perdió parte de su territorio para la construcción de Brasilia y posteriormente fue fragmentado para la creación de otros cinco municipios. La proximidad con Brasilia hizo que conjuntos habitacionales fueran construidos en Luziânia para enfriar la presión por vivienda en el interior del Distrito Federal. Los Conjuntos Habitacionales, a su vez, originaron tres de los cinco municipios creados por medio del parcelamiento del territorio de Luziânia y son fundamentales para el entendimiento de un proceso de metropolización centrado en Brasilia. Este contexto marcado por fragmentaciones territoriales y por expresivos movimientos migratorios promovió la elaboración de un concepto jurídico desarrollado para posibilitar la gestión de procesos de metropolización que involucran municipios de más de una Unidad Federativa. Esta figura jurídica es la Región Integrada de Desarrollo.
Palabras clave: Ciudad; Fragmentación territorial; Metropolización.
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Kim, Sollip, Soo Jin Yoo, and Jeonghyun Chang. "Importance of Susceptibility Rate of ‘the First’ Isolate: Evidence of Real-World Data." Medicina 56, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56100507.
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Background and objectives: For proper antimicrobial therapy, cumulative antibiograms should be representative of geographic region and be accurate. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines recommend that only the first isolates (FI) of a species per patient are used when reporting cumulative antibiograms. However, >50% of hospitals in the United States report antibiograms of all isolates. We compared antibiograms from the FI with those from total isolates (TI). Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial data of all isolates identified in the Microbiology unit of Ilsan Paik Hospital in 2019 were retrospectively acquired from the hospital information system. The susceptibility rates to antimicrobials of Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis were analyzed by FI and TI, respectively. Isolate counts and susceptibility rates of each species for the reported antimicrobials were compared. Results: The numbers of isolates by FI/TI were as follows: 1824/2692 E. coli, 480/1611 A. baumannii, and 662/1306 K. pneumoniae, and 407/953 P. aeruginosa for gram-negative bacteria and 649/1364 S. aureus, 211/313 E. faecium, and 323/394 E. faecalis for gram-positive bacteria. All antimicrobial agents showed higher susceptibility rates when calculated as FI than as TI in gram-negative bacteria except colistin: 3.7% for E. coli, 14.5% for A. baumannii, 8.3% for K. pneumoniae, and 7.9% for P. aeruginosa. In S. aureus, 8/11 antimicrobial agents revealed higher susceptibility rates for FI than for TI. E. faecalis and E. faecium showed lower susceptibility rates for 7/10 antimicrobial agents for FI than for TI. The oxacillin susceptibility rates of S. aureus were 36.6%/30.2% with FI/TI and vancomycin susceptibility rates for E. faecium were 54.1% and 49.5%, respectively. Conclusions: When comparing cumulative antibiograms by FI with TI using real-world data, there is a large gap for critical species requiring hospital infection control. Although FI calculation is difficult, antibiograms must be calculated as FI for proper preemptive antimicrobial therapy because FI provides proper antimicrobial susceptibility data.
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Villeneuve, Emma, Paolo Landa, Michael Allen, Anne Spencer, Sue Prosser, Andrew Gibson, Katie Kelsey, et al. "A framework to address key issues of neonatal service configuration in England: the NeoNet multimethods study." Health Services and Delivery Research 6, no. 35 (October 2018): 1–160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr06350.
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BackgroundThere is an inherent tension in neonatal services between the efficiency and specialised care that comes with centralisation and the provision of local services with associated ease of access and community benefits. This study builds on previous work in South West England to address these issues at a national scale.Objectives(1) To develop an analytical framework to address key issues of neonatal service configuration in England, (2) to investigate visualisation tools to facilitate the communication of findings to stakeholder groups and (3) to assess parental preferences in relation to service configuration alternatives.Main outcome measuresThe ability to meet nurse staffing guidelines, volumes of units, costs, mortality, number and distance of transfers, travel distances and travel times for parents.DesignDescriptive statistics, location analysis, mathematical modelling, discrete event simulation and economic analysis were used. Qualitative methods were used to interview policy-makers and parents. A parent advisory group supported the study.SettingNHS neonatal services across England.DataNeonatal care data were sourced from the National Neonatal Research Database. Information on neonatal units was drawn from the National Neonatal Audit Programme. Geographic and demographic data were sourced from the Office for National Statistics. Travel time data were retrieved via a geographic information system. Birth data were sourced from Hospital Episode Statistics. Parental cost data were collected via a survey.ResultsLocation analysis shows that to achieve 100% of births in units with ≥ 6000 births per year, the number of birth centres would need to be reduced from 161 to approximately 72, with more parents travelling > 30 minutes. The maximum number of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) needed to achieve 100% of very low-birthweight infants attending high-volume units is 36 with existing NICUs, or 48 if NICUs are located wherever there is currently a neonatal unit of any level. Simulation modelling further demonstrated the workforce implications of different configurations. Mortality modelling shows that the birth of very preterm infants in high-volume hospitals reduces mortality (a conservative estimate of a 1.2-percentage-point lower risk) relative to these births in other hospitals. It is currently not possible to estimate the impact of mortality for infants transferred into NICUs. Cost modelling shows that the mean length of stay following a birth in a high-volume hospital is 9 days longer and the mean cost is £5715 more than for a birth in another neonatal unit. In addition, the incremental cost per neonatal life saved is £460,887, which is comparable to other similar life-saving interventions. The analysis of parent costs identified unpaid leave entitlement, food, travel, accommodation, baby care and parking as key factors. The qualitative study suggested that central concerns were the health of the baby and mother, communication by medical teams and support for families.LimitationsThe following factors could not be modelled because of a paucity of data – morbidity outcomes, the impact of transfers and the maternity/neonatal service interface.ConclusionsAn evidence-based framework was developed to inform the configuration of neonatal services and model system performance from the perspectives of both service providers and parents.Future workTo extend the modelling to encompass the interface between maternity and neonatal services.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Palamarchuk, Vitalii, Vadym Krychkovskyi, Inna Honcharuk, and Nataliia Telekalo. "The Modeling of the Production Process of High-Starch Corn Hybrids of Different Maturity Groups." European Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2021.v10n1p584.
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The article presents the results of mathematical modeling based on the construction and use of various images of the object, process or system. The research involves the study of the dependence of the level of productivity and valuable farming traits of corn hybrids in the form of mathematical models. Field research was carried out during 2011-2017 on the experimental fields of the Department of Crop Production, Breeding and Bioenergy Crops of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, at the state enterprise “Research Farm “Kordelivske” of the Institute of Potato Production of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine under conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe in accordance with the guidelines provided in “Methodology of Field Experiments in Corn”. The use of computer technology, in particular, cluster analysis, from our point of view, allows us to approach the difficult task of improving the efficiency of the correct choice of hybrids and technologies to obtain the maximum level of bioethanol yield per unit area of maize hybrids. An ecological-genetic model of quantitative traits was used to study the phenotypic productivity of corn hybrids and to establish the influence on the formation of their traits. The construction of the model is based on the hierarchy of manifestation of productivity traits in ontogenesis and the correspondence of their manifestation in organogenesis. The model consists of three modules of traits including the resulting one and double-component that reflect phenotypic implementation of the genetic formula. The resulting traits are those that have environmentally stable correlation and the highest total impact on the final resulting trait, namely, the yield. According to the results of researches of mathematical models of the influence of weather conditions on the formation of phenotypic productivity of corn hybrids of different maturity groups, both general biological regularities and group differences of trait formation have been established. Thus, the analysis of the differences between the groups of early and mid-early corn hybrids, in general reveals that their growth and development are affected to a relative extent by the amount of effective temperatures, amount of precipitation and HTC. In fact, the maturity groups studied differ insufficiently, and the main differences can be observed only in the variability of the traits studied or the closeness of their relationships with each other. However, mid hybrids respond somewhat differently to environmental factors, which allows to develop the elements of adaptive cultivation technology for each maturity group. Based on the results of cluster analysis, cluster dendrograms were created using the odd-numbered group method with the determination of Euclidean distances.
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Fisher, Rebecca J., Niki Chouliara, Adrian Byrne, Trudi Cameron, Sarah Lewis, Peter Langhorne, Thompson Robinson, et al. "Large-scale implementation of stroke early supported discharge: the WISE realist mixed-methods study." Health Services and Delivery Research 9, no. 22 (November 2021): 1–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr09220.
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Background In England, the provision of early supported discharge is recommended as part of an evidence-based stroke care pathway. Objectives To investigate the effectiveness of early supported discharge services when implemented at scale in practice and to understand how the context within which these services operate influences their implementation and effectiveness. Design A mixed-methods study using a realist evaluation approach and two interlinking work packages was undertaken. Three programme theories were tested to investigate the adoption of evidence-based core components, differences in urban and rural settings, and communication processes. Setting and interventions Early supported discharge services across a large geographical area of England, covering the West and East Midlands, the East of England and the North of England. Participants Work package 1: historical prospective patient data from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme collected by early supported discharge and hospital teams. Work package 2: NHS staff (n = 117) and patients (n = 30) from six purposely selected early supported discharge services. Data and main outcome Work package 1: a 17-item early supported discharge consensus score measured the adherence to evidence-based core components defined in an international consensus document. The effectiveness of early supported discharge was measured with process and patient outcomes and costs. Work package 2: semistructured interviews and focus groups with NHS staff and patients were undertaken to investigate the contextual determinants of early supported discharge effectiveness. Results A variety of early supported discharge service models had been adopted, as reflected by the variability in the early supported discharge consensus score. A one-unit increase in early supported discharge consensus score was significantly associated with a more responsive early supported discharge service and increased treatment intensity. There was no association with stroke survivor outcome. Patients who received early supported discharge in their stroke care pathway spent, on average, 1 day longer in hospital than those who did not receive early supported discharge. The most rural services had the highest service costs per patient. NHS staff identified core evidence-based components (e.g. eligibility criteria, co-ordinated multidisciplinary team and regular weekly multidisciplinary team meetings) as central to the effectiveness of early supported discharge. Mechanisms thought to streamline discharge and help teams to meet their responsiveness targets included having access to a social worker and the quality of communications and transitions across services. The role of rehabilitation assistants and an interdisciplinary approach were facilitators of delivering an intensive service. The rurality of early supported discharge services, especially when coupled with capacity issues and increased travel times to visit patients, could influence the intensity of rehabilitation provision and teams’ flexibility to adjust to patients’ needs. This required organising multidisciplinary teams and meetings around the local geography. Findings also highlighted the importance of good leadership and communication. Early supported discharge staff highlighted the need for collaborative and trusting relationships with patients and carers and stroke unit staff, as well as across the wider stroke care pathway. Limitations Work package 1: possible influence of unobserved variables and we were unable to determine the effect of early supported discharge on patient outcomes. Work package 2: the pragmatic approach led to ‘theoretical nuggets’ rather than an overarching higher-level theory. Conclusions The realist evaluation methodology allowed us to address the complexity of early supported discharge delivery in real-world settings. The findings highlighted the importance of context and contextual features and mechanisms that need to be either addressed or capitalised on to improve effectiveness. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN15568163. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 9, No. 22. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Kishman, Mary, and Denise A. Sadowski. "Feature Protocol from Shriners Burns Institute, Cincinnati Unit." Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 8, no. 6 (November 1987): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-198708060-00025.
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Kishman, Mary, and Denise A. Sadowski. "Feature Protocol from Shriners Burns Institute, Cincinnati Unit." Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 8, no. 6 (November 1987): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004630-198711000-00025.
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