Academic literature on the topic 'Unit: Health Services Research Centre'
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Journal articles on the topic "Unit: Health Services Research Centre"
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Eaton, Kenneth A., and Nigel B. Pitts. "Dental Health Services Research Unit Celebrates 30 Years." Primary Dental Care os16, no. 2 (April 2009): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/135576109787909445.
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Over the years, several members of the staff of the Dental Health Services Research Unit (DHSRU) at Dundee have published papers in Primary Dental Care. Furthermore, its Director, Professor Nigel Pitts, together with Drs Jan Clarkson and Gail Topping have co-edited a number of the Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK)'s standards manuals and contributed to others. It had been suggested to the Unit by several parties that, having been in funded existence for some 30 years, it would be appropriate to mark this anniversary with a conference to explore ‘Dental Health Services Research: After 30 years, what was the impact, what have we learned and where are we going?’ So, following a range of consultations, the conference was convened at the West Park Conference Centre in Dundee with a mixed audience representing both dental research and dental practice.
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Peel, V. J. "Management-Focused Health Informatics Research and Education at the University of Manchester." Methods of Information in Medicine 33, no. 03 (1994): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635027.
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Abstract:The Health Services Management Unit was established in 1956 and the Centre for Health Informatics in 1988 as one of eight new centres of research and professional practice. New programmes of informatics education have been created to integrate many of the areas of social and management sciences with clinical work. The model, of a multi-disciplinary higher education department based at a University with very substantial departments of Bio-Medicine and Computation, enables the Centre to reflect an alternative paradigm of health informatics. Informatics practitioners from many disciplines are taught a combination of knowledge and skills through a range of educational methods. A classification scheme for educational work is offered.
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Kealy-Bateman, Warren, Andrew McDonald, Paul S. Haber, Tim Green, Bethany White, Viktoria Sundakov, Cathal O’Cionnaith, and Nicholas Glozier. "Development of a joint mental-health and drug health assessment unit and short-stay unit." Australasian Psychiatry 27, no. 4 (May 20, 2019): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856219848825.
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Objectives: There is emerging interest in models of care that focus on assessment and brief inpatient treatment (two to three days) including psychiatric emergency care centre units and short-stay units in Australia. We present the development of a functionally integrated Missenden Assessment Unit and six-bed short-stay unit in the new Professor Marie Bashir Centre at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in inner-city Sydney. The focus was on collaboration between emergency, drug and alcohol and mental-health services in developing the short-stay unit and Missenden Assessment Unit with joint admission and resource use. We outline the models of care and findings from the 2016 evaluation following the initial two years of operation and consider ongoing challenges. Conclusion: The Missenden Assessment Unit provides an alternative point of presentation for mental-health drug and alcohol patients. The short-stay unit provides coordinated, therapeutic interventions. The Missenden Assessment Unit/short-stay unit reduced the burden of presentations to the emergency department while providing the opportunity for training and collaboration. Further refinement of the models of care should occur with policy development and via research.
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ALWI, MUHAMMAD, PUTU KARISMAWAN, I. DEWA KETUT YUDHA S, and IWAN HARSONO. "SARANA PENDIDIKAN, KESEHATAN DAN TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DI KECAMATAN TANJUNG SEBAGAI PUSAT PERTUMBUHAN KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA, PASKA GEMPA 2018 DAN MASA PANDEMI COVID-19." GANEC SWARA 16, no. 2 (September 10, 2022): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.35327/gara.v16i2.327.
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Earthquake 2018 and than Covid-19 Pandemic as starting point to conduct research about condition of educations, healties and rate of poverty in Tanjung Districts, North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Base on analysis data of centre of Statistic Bureau of North Lombok (BPS) and population projection of Tanjung districts untill 2025, the condition are: fasilities of kindergarten has not been enough yet. The distibution of that finfrastructure among the vilages is not equal. The elemnteray or primary school (Sekolah Dasar), junior high school ( Sekolah Menengah Pertama) are more than enough, Midle high school (sekolah Menengah Atas) are not enough yet. The aditional education fasilities in 2022 need to add, such as 20 units of new kindergarten, 1 units of Midle high school. Health fasilities relatively has not been enough yet, compare to district Tanjung population as much 220.412 and the position distric Tanjung as capital of North Lombok regency e.g community helath centre and sub community health centre (Puskesmas dan Puskesmas Pembantu), polyclinic and laboratory, hospital, private doctor services, farmacy are not enough yet realtively to population. It should there 5 unit of Community health centre dan 82 sub cummunity helath centre, 10 private doctor services, 1 unit of laboratory, 3 unit of hospital C or 1 B type. Base on qualitative data that rate of poverty in Tanjung district is relativly high. The lowest education level, skill, Lack of employment opurtunity, and capital are the prime faktor of poverty
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Hamberi, Hamberi, and Dwi Rohmiatun. "Responsivitas Pelayanan Unit Gawat Darurat di Puskesmas Jabiren." Restorica: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara dan Ilmu Komunikasi 3, no. 2 (October 16, 2017): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/restorica.v3i2.730.
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This study aims to examine and explain the Responsiveness of Emergency Unit Services (UGD) at Jabiren Health Center, Pulang Pisau Regency. The research method used is descriptive qualitative because the problems brought by researchers are still unclear in nature and are holistic (overall) sources of data in this study consisting of primary and secondary data which is the primary data is the head of Jabiren Health Center, midwife, nurse / officer- medical staff, and the community who received ED services at the Jabiren Health Center. Data collection techniques in this study are observation, interview, and documentation. Based on the results of the survey that the responsiveness of emergency services in Jabiren Health Center is known to be still not optimal because nurses/midwives often do not deliver on time in the ED services, there have been mistakes during the health care process, medicines are still lacking, human resources are still lacking, and there are still facilities for supporting facilities at the ER.
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Viswanath, Vidya, Leela Digumarti, Nadimpalli Satyanarayana Raju, Usha Rani Venkata Lokanandi, Mohana Rao Dasu, Satya Kumari Venkata Bolem, Naresh Katta, Srinivasa Rao Vemula, Vaduguru Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha Sharma, and Raghunadharao Digumarti. "Organising Home-based Palliative Care Services: A Quality Improvement project at the Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Vishakhapatnam." Indian Journal of Palliative Care 27 (August 12, 2021): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/ijpc_370_20.
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Objectives: The key component of a comprehensive palliative care (PC) unit is provision of a regular and sustainable home-based PC (HBPC) service. This quality improvement project aimed to plan, organise and sustain a regular HBPC service in a government cancer centre in Southeast India. The aim was to regularise and increase the number of home care visits among the patients identified for HBPC services through sustainable interventions. Materials and Methods: The A3 methodology with its team-based, structured problem-solving approach was the tool used. The situational process map at baseline was followed up with a sequential cause and effect analysis and team discussions to create sustainable and reliable interventions. These included creating the electronic data system for data collection in PC, allocation of resources and implementation of systems to coordinate HBPC services. The roles and ownership to maintain improvement were established by designation and this requirement has been included in the job description to ensure reliability and sustainability. Results: The regularisation of home care services with a consistent increase in the number of home visits from 2/week to over 6/week helped achieve the Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time bound goal. Better documentation, coordination and accountability were also positive outcomes. Working with different departments and teams along the project helped build trust and understanding along with a sound base for collaborative research. Conclusion: The A3 way of problem solving through dialogue and consensus helped to organise HBPC services and this methodology can be extended to other areas in future.
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Uppin, Mrutyunjay I., Kapildev K. Hannurkar, and Archana M. Uppin. "Study on patient satisfaction among patients with trauma admitted to trauma centre and emergency medical services ward." International Surgery Journal 6, no. 4 (March 26, 2019): 1219. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20191070.
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Background: Patient satisfaction is an important key factor for determining the quality health care and services offered by the emergency departments in the hospital. The objectives of the study were to assess the satisfaction of the trauma patients attending the trauma center with the services provided by the KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Research Centre, Belagavi, Karnataka.Methods: Fifty trauma patients admitted and treated in trauma center and emergency medical services ward (TCEMS) at KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Research Centre, Belagavi, over a period of 3 months (from November 2014 till January 2015) were interviewed. After obtaining an informed consent, the required data was collected using a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire.Results: Out of the 50 patients interviewed, 86% were males and 14% were females. Out of them 74% were road traffic accident victims. 67.5% of these victims were between the age group of 21 and 50 yrs. The overall satisfaction was good with all the services provided at the center. 80% were satisfied with the care provided by the doctors, 80% with communication by doctors, more than 75% with accessory services, more than 65% with the wait times at various levels and more than 85% satisfaction with amenities in the ward.Conclusions: In conclusion our study revealed that the availability of consultant in triage area, improvements in communication, quick service at the Casualty Pharmacy, reducing the perceived waiting times at various levels and improvement in the ambience of the unit would further enhance the patient satisfaction with TCEMS.
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Laraswatie, Harisa, Tjahjono Kuntjoro, and Sutopo Patria Jati. "Kebutuhan Perawat Puskesmas Berbasis Analisis Beban Kerja." Jurnal Manajemen Kesehatan Indonesia 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmki.4.2.2016.118-122.
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A nurse’s necessity at a health centre viewed from workload analysis is required to identify a nurse’s necessities adjusted with service standards and real condition at a health centre. This requirement is in accordance with the change of an outpatient health centre status to be an inpatient health centre in which infrastructure and human resource need to be improved. This was a qualitative study using case study approach started from data collection, FGD, NGT, work sampling, to indepth interview with stakeholders who had experiences in calculating an employee’s necessities based on ABK and nurse representative. Furthermore, data were analysed using a form to calculate an employee’s necessities obtained from BKN. The results of calculation of a nurse’s necessities showed that number of nurses required for an inpatient unit were nine persons consisted of five skilled nurses and four expert nurses. This number was equal to nine beds that were required (1:1). On the other hand, number of nurses required for an outpatient unit including BP, UKM, and Pustu were 26 persons (16 skilled nurses and 10 expert nurses) or 1 nurse served 1,458 people or 456 families. Rembang 2 Health Centre needs to fulfil a nurse’s necessities by considering innovation of nursing services to reduce burden of human resource. A nursing committee needs to be formed by District Health Office as an institution that is responsible to supervise functional positions. Standards of nursing diagnosis and an information system of nursing care services need to be determined in order to describe an autonomy level of individual, family, group, and community in District of Rembang in terms of self-care. In addition, academics need to conduct further research regarding workload of other functional positions in health in order to achieve goals of national health development.
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Taylor, Rachel M., Lorna A. Fern, Julie Barber, Faith Gibson, Sarah Lea, Nishma Patel, Stephen Morris, et al. "Specialist cancer services for teenagers and young adults in England: BRIGHTLIGHT research programme." Programme Grants for Applied Research 9, no. 12 (November 2021): 1–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/pgfar09120.
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Background When cancer occurs in teenagers and young adults, the impact is far beyond the physical disease and treatment burden. The effect on psychological, social, educational and other normal development can be profound. In addition, outcomes including improvements in survival and participation in clinical trials are poorer than in younger children and older adults with similar cancers. These unique circumstances have driven the development of care models specifically for teenagers and young adults with cancer, often focused on a dedicated purpose-designed patient environments supported by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in the needs of teenagers and young adults. In England, this is commissioned by NHS England and delivered through 13 principal treatment centres. There is a lack of evaluation that identifies the key components of specialist care for teenagers and young adults, and any improvement in outcomes and costs associated with it. Objective To determine whether or not specialist services for teenagers and young adults with cancer add value. Design A series of multiple-methods studies centred on a prospective longitudinal cohort of teenagers and young adults who were newly diagnosed with cancer. Settings Multiple settings, including an international Delphi study of health-care professionals, qualitative observation in specialist services for teenagers and young adults, and NHS trusts. Participants A total of 158 international teenage and young adult experts, 42 health-care professionals from across England, 1143 teenagers and young adults, and 518 caregivers. Main outcome measures The main outcomes were specific to each project: key areas of competence for the Delphi survey; culture of teenagers and young adults care in the case study; and unmet needs from the caregiver survey. The primary outcome for the cohort participants was quality of life and the cost to the NHS and patients in the health economic evaluation. Data sources Multiple sources were used, including responses from health-care professionals through a Delphi survey and face-to-face interviews, interview data from teenagers and young adults, the BRIGHTLIGHT survey to collect patient-reported data, patient-completed cost records, hospital clinical records, routinely collected NHS data and responses from primary caregivers. Results Competencies associated with specialist care for teenagers and young adults were identified from a Delphi study. The key to developing a culture of teenage and young adult care was time and commitment. An exposure variable, the teenagers and young adults Cancer Specialism Scale, was derived, allowing categorisation of patients to three groups, which were defined by the time spent in a principal treatment centre: SOME (some care in a principal treatment centre for teenagers and young adults, and the rest of their care in either a children’s or an adult cancer unit), ALL (all care in a principal treatment centre for teenagers and young adults) or NONE (no care in a principal treatment centre for teenagers and young adults). The cohort study showed that the NONE group was associated with superior quality of life, survival and health status from 6 months to 3 years after diagnosis. The ALL group was associated with faster rates of quality-of-life improvement from 6 months to 3 years after diagnosis. The SOME group was associated with poorer quality of life and slower improvement in quality of life over time. Economic analysis revealed that NHS costs and travel costs were similar between the NONE and ALL groups. The ALL group had greater out-of-pocket expenses, and the SOME group was associated with greater NHS costs and greater expense for patients. However, if caregivers had access to a principal treatment centre for teenagers and young adults (i.e. in the ALL or SOME groups), then they had fewer unmet support and information needs. Limitations Our definition of exposure to specialist care using Hospital Episode Statistics-determined time spent in hospital was insufficient to capture the detail of episodes or account for the variation in specialist services. Quality of life was measured first at 6 months, but an earlier measure may have shown different baselines. Conclusions We could not determine the added value of specialist cancer care for teenagers and young adults as defined using the teenage and young adult Cancer Specialism Scale and using quality of life as a primary end point. A group of patients (i.e. those defined as the SOME group) appeared to be less advantaged across a range of outcomes. There was variation in the extent to which principal treatment centres for teenagers and young adults were established, and the case study indicated that the culture of teenagers and young adults care required time to develop and embed. It will therefore be important to establish whether or not the evolution in services since 2012–14, when the cohort was recruited, improves quality of life and other patient-reported and clinical outcomes. Future work A determination of whether or not the SOME group has similar or improved quality of life and other patient-reported and clinical outcomes in current teenage and young adult service delivery is essential if principal treatment centres for teenagers and young adults are being commissioned to provide ‘joint care’ models with other providers. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full in Programme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 9, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Rathore, Bhumika, Sireesha Sadasivan, and Vinay Bhardwaj. "Time Required by Dental Post Graduates and Graduates for Direct Patient Care in Peripheral Outreach Centre - A Comparative Work Sampling Analysis." Dental Journal of Advance Studies 04, no. 03 (December 2016): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672062.
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AbstractBackground: The inequity of oral health services persist due to inadequate dentist to patient ratio in the peripheral areas. The possibility of management of more number of patients lies within an efficient work force, in order to render oral health services in a well-organised manner. Objectives: The research was taken up with the primary objective of determining the most time efficient manpower in a peripheral dental unit. Secondary objective was to determine the time spent in each treatment procedure in proportion to total time involved in direct patient care. Third objective, was to recommend an appropriate range of sample for further similar studies using observatory methodology in peripheral centres. Methodology: Work measurement was done for the postgraduate and the undergraduate students for the treatments performed by them in the unit. Participatory observations were made on randomly selected days, and timings were recorded using standardised stop watch. Descriptive analysis was performed for the data obtained using Statistical Package for Social Science (IBM Corp. Released 2010. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Results: Mean timing was found to be highest for all treatment procedures amongst graduates when compared to the postgraduates and maximum proportion of time was spent for extractions amongst all the treatments performed. Conclusion: Availability of speciality services will help the hospitals render more proficient services to the rural masses.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Unit: Health Services Research Centre"
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Blakey, Heather. "Participation¿why bother?: The views of Black and Minority Ethnic mental health service users on participation in the NHS in Bradford. Report of a community research process undertaken by the International Centre for Participation Studies, University of Bradford and Sharing Voices (Bradford)." International Centre for Participation Studies, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3798.
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YesThe International Centre for Participation Studies and Sharing Voices Bradford (for information on these organisations, see Appendices 3 and 4) maintain that participation is an important part of a healthy democracy, with benefits for all. However, participation can be anything from empowering to tokenistic, and must be critically examined if we are to understand how to use it effectively. This paper considers the contribution of participation to improved service delivery in the health service. For beneficiaries, participation can be about ownership and responsibility for the services we use, as well as rights and the chance to express what we want from them. For service providers, participation is widely recognised as an effective way of tailoring services to the needs of the different communities they serve. The NHS and other service providers have made great strides in developing mechanisms for participation by service users. However, these do not always reach all sections of the community. Many individuals feel sceptical about getting involved, unconvinced that their contribution could make a real difference. Through the Participation ¿ Why Bother? workshops, we set out to explore these feelings, to reflect on perceived barriers and identify changes that might help overcome them. The aim was not to look at the substance of service delivery issues, but to try and work out how the process of involving people in decision-making in the NHS could be improved, to make it easier for voices from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities to be heard.
Bradford District Care Trust; South and West PCT; City tPCT
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Wenn, Janice. "Kaupapa hauora Māori : ngā whakaaro whakahirahira o ngā kaumātua : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Māori Studies at Te Pumanawa Hauora Research Centre for Māori Health and Development, Massey University, Wellington, Aotearoa/New Zealand." Massey University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/995.
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There is a requirement for all services within the New Zealand health system to be accredited with an established quality organisation and to demonstrate an ability to provide a measurable quality service to consumers. For Māori these requirements must make sense in Māori terms. This thesis is based on the view that, for Māori, the concept of health is more effectively expressed as hauora - optimal health and wellbeing for Māori. This thesis makes five contributions to Māori health and Māori health research. First, it identifies a responsive approach to engaging kaumātua effectively in the process of qualitative research. Second, it identifies a fundamental underlying conceptual framework – kaupapa hauora Māori as a means of understanding hauora – expressed in terms derived from kaumātua in Taranaki and Kahungunu. Third, it adapts this conceptual framework into an analytical research framework and then applies it to allow kaupapa hauora Māori (described in terms of worldview, values and ethics) to be identified from a range of data. Fourth, it critically analyses popular models of Māori health – Te Whare Tapa Whā, Te Wheke and Ngā Pou Mana. Finally, it proposes and details post-doctoral research that will translate kaupapa hauora Māori into a quality services framework/tool. “Kaupapa Hauora Māori” is a conceptual framework articulated by kaumātua, and has its origins in te ao Māori, from which the aronga or worldview is developed. The aronga is composed of the kaupapa or values and tikanga or ethics that provide kaumātua with the values base of hauora. These components have been identified by kaumātua and not only inform the concept of KHM but also inform the analytical research framework that is applied to the data. The values have been identified as a core set of values comprising whakapapa, wairua, whenua, whānau, tikanga te reo Māori, tinana, and hinengaro, and the associated tikanga is expressed as behaviour or ethics. These, together, influence the perception and understanding individuals have of their world and of hauora.
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O'Hara, Sullivan Susan. "Macrocognition in the Health Care Built Environment (m-HCBE): A Focused Ethnographic Study of 'Neighborhoods' in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2016. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/46.
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Objectives: The objectives of this research were to describe the interactions (formal and informal) in which macrocognitive functions occur and their location on a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU); describe challenges and facilitators of macrocognition using three constructs of space syntax (openness, connectivity, and visibility); and analyze the health care built environment (HCBE) using those constructs to explicate influences on macrocognition.
Background: In high reliability, complex industries, macrocognition is an approach to develop new knowledge among interprofessional team members. Although macrocognitive functions have been analyzed in multiple health care settings, the effect of the HCBE on those functions has not been directly studied. The theoretical framework, “Macrocognition in the Health Care Built Environment” (m-HCBE) addresses this relationship.
Methods: A focused ethnographic study was conducted, including observation and focus groups. Architectural drawing files used to create distance matrices and isovist field view analyses were compared to panoramic photographs and ethnographic data.
Results: Neighborhoods comprised of corner configurations with maximized visibility enhanced team interactions as well as observation of patients, offering the greatest opportunity for informal situated macrocognitive interactions (SMIs).
Conclusions: Results from this study support the intricate link between macrocognitive interactions and space syntax constructs within the HCBE. These findings help to advance the m-HCBE theory for improving physical space by designing new spaces or refining existing spaces, or for adapting IPT practices to maximize formal and informal SMI opportunities; this lays the groundwork for future research to improve safety and quality for patient and family care.
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Lindberg, Eva. "Continuous Quality Development by Means of New Understanding : A four year study on an Intensive Care Unit during times of hard work and demanding organisational changes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3782.
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The present thesis follows an intensive care unit during four year of hard work and demanding organisational changes (1998-2001). The changes were mainly initiated by diminishing resources and a legislative claim to pay regard to the quality aspect of health care service. The process of implementing a quality system was the main focus for the thesis. Triangulation was used aiming at explore the process from different views. Two interviews studies were conducted one with the staff and another with the leadership. Both interviews were analysed thematically combined with a phenomenographic technique (e.g. using the how, and what aspect). A longitudinal quasi experimental time-series study was also accomplished. The correlation between staff variables and workload were measured once a year. The result show a 20 % increase in workload per staff and year. The staff judged the organisational climate for innovativeness stable over the period. Sick leave increased, and more so, than the general trend in the society. In spite of this increase the prevalence of stress related symptoms was the same. Two different systems emerged, a complex adaptive system and a mechanical system. The two systems exist and functions intertwined. Because of the construction of the patient register it is possible to see that the situation around a patients being admitted ≥ 5 days functions according to the complex systems character while the situation around the acute patients functions according to a mechanical system. Sick leave correlated with number of patient admitted ≥ 5 days (P=,000). It seemed the problem found had its root in the unawareness of the existing of a complex system. The result has implications for a need of increased awareness about how to manage the situation when the ICU is functioning according to the complex adaptive system.
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Al, Thunaian Saleh A. "Exploring the use of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in the healthcare sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Rhetoric and reality. Evaluate understanding the five perspectives of the BSC. Evaluating the understanding of linkage between the BSC and strategy of the hospital. The reality of the implementation of BSC in KFSH." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6290.
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This thesis aims to evaluate the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) based on a case organization; the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH-RC). The study is an exploratory investigation. Understanding BSC perspectives is important for academic comprehension and is crucial for successful implementation. BSC at KFSH-RC includes five main perspectives: Quality of Care; Medical Care; Employees; Financial; and Education and Research (learning and growth). The thesis tackles two main anecdotal, practice-based arguments: BSC helps achieve business strategy, and the implementation of BSC has often fallen short of the assertions made about its potential for impact. A case study with a triangulation approach is justified and pursued. This study contributes to the literature in different ways. The application of the BSC has received limited attention in healthcare organisations in general, and in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in particular, and may be one of the first to explore such issues, across management and professional groups, to research BSC in the healthcare organisation in the KSA. It distinguishes between the understanding of financial and non-financial perspectives; and the researcher has developed a conceptual framework, which reflects the main elements of BSC implementation.
Quantitative data analysis from the case study indicates that staff members at the KFSH possess only a shallow understanding of various BSC perspectives. The study revealed a consistent lack of understanding of BSC by the department employees, due to their lack of interest. The results show that performance measures following the implementation of BSC created no significant improvement. It also confirms that even some senior managers face difficulties understanding BSC perspectives. The qualitative-based findings indicate that the level of understanding of BSC for clinical services is not significantly different from that for non-clinical services; staff members of the KFSH resist the implementation of BSC in the early stages; and there is ¿autocratic¿ leadership style at the KFSH inhibited the flow of information. The power distance and autocratic leadership style, in combination with an inadequate launch of BSC, fail to follow the implementation steps recommended by both Kaplan and Norton (2001a) and Kotter (1996). These organisational dynamics, it will be argued, are understated in the original BSC methodology, a view consistent with the findings of Woodley (2006) and may be especially so in environments with strong professional norms such as hospitals. The implications for the study and practice of non-profit organisations wishing to adopt methodology developed initially in a commercial context, is considered.Minister of Higher Education, Dr. Khalid Al-Angari (Saudi Arabia)
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Al, Thunaian Saleh Abdulrahman. "Exploring the use of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in the healthcare sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia : rhetoric and reality : evaluate understanding the five perspectives of the BSC : evaluating the understanding of linkage between the BSC and strategy of the hospital : the reality of the implementation of BSC in KFSH." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6290.
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This thesis aims to evaluate the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) based on a case organization; the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH-RC). The study is an exploratory investigation. Understanding BSC perspectives is important for academic comprehension and is crucial for successful implementation. BSC at KFSH-RC includes five main perspectives: Quality of Care; Medical Care; Employees; Financial; and Education and Research (learning and growth). The thesis tackles two main anecdotal, practice-based arguments: BSC helps achieve business strategy, and the implementation of BSC has often fallen short of the assertions made about its potential for impact. A case study with a triangulation approach is justified and pursued. This study contributes to the literature in different ways. The application of the BSC has received limited attention in healthcare organisations in general, and in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in particular, and may be one of the first to explore such issues, across management and professional groups, to research BSC in the healthcare organisation in the KSA. It distinguishes between the understanding of financial and non-financial perspectives; and the researcher has developed a conceptual framework, which reflects the main elements of BSC implementation. Quantitative data analysis from the case study indicates that staff members at the KFSH possess only a shallow understanding of various BSC perspectives. The study revealed a consistent lack of understanding of BSC by the department employees, due to their lack of interest. The results show that performance measures following the implementation of BSC created no significant improvement. It also confirms that even some senior managers face difficulties understanding BSC perspectives. The qualitative-based findings indicate that the level of understanding of BSC for clinical services is not significantly different from that for non-clinical services; staff members of the KFSH resist the implementation of BSC in the early stages; and there is 'autocratic' leadership style at the KFSH inhibited the flow of information. The power distance and autocratic leadership style, in combination with an inadequate launch of BSC, fail to follow the implementation steps recommended by both Kaplan and Norton (2001a) and Kotter (1996). These organisational dynamics, it will be argued, are understated in the original BSC methodology, a view consistent with the findings of Woodley (2006) and may be especially so in environments with strong professional norms such as hospitals. The implications for the study and practice of non-profit organisations wishing to adopt methodology developed initially in a commercial context, is considered.
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Mills, Robyn Anne. "Participatory Action Research in a Psychiatric Unit: Striving Towards Optimal Practices." 2006. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/474/1/474contents.pdf.
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The experiences of working in an acute psychiatric unit were investigated in this research using multiple qualitative methodologies, particularly Reflective Topical Autobiography and Participatory Action Research. The Participatory Action Research was undertaken in an acute psychiatric unit of a major public hospital in Melbourne. The collaborative design focused on bringing staff and consumers of psychiatric services together with an aim to develop new work practices for mental health practitioners. Four consumer consultants including a Koori representative participated in this study. Consumer consultants and staff, working in collaboration with the researcher, informed the fluid and iterative research process. Data included thirty eight interviews with psychiatric health professionals (2 psychiatrists, 2 managers, 6 psychiatric registrars and 28 nurses, including two charge nurses). Horizontal violence, and its impact on the capacity for reflexive work practices, became a strong emergent theme. Other emergent and important themes included workplace hierarchy, values, power, and the impact of critical incidents and supervision. Ego-state theory was utilised to better understand the psychology of staff members, and Organisational Egostate theory was presented as an original concept to explore the psychiatric unit as an organism having its own personality characteristics. It was concluded that for there to be permanent and iterative change to the organisation that engrained automatic responses of the organisation need to be identified and new responses developed. The research resulted in a number of new work practice recommendations, including the establishment of non-discriminatory review processes where work practices that are viewed as inappropriate by staff and consumers can be assessed with consideration to the importance of all stakeholders. Specific insights and conclusions have been suggested in relation to the treatment of aboriginal (Koori) people in the psychiatric unit. A central conclusion from this study was that psychiatric staff and consumers need more inclusion in the design and review of work practices.
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Mashazi, Maboikanyo Imogen. "The utilization of a midwifery obstetrical unit in a metropolitan area." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6516.
Full textAbstract:
M.Cur.In this study a qualitative design which is explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature is followed. The objective of the study is three-fold: firstly, to explore and describe the opinions of members of the community about the reasons for the under-utilization of the Midwifery Obstetrical Unit ; secondly, to explore and describe the suggestions of the community for improving the utilization of the Midwifery Obstetrical Unit and, thirdly, to formulate intervention strategies for community nurses to improve the utilization of the MOU. Data was collected by means of focus group interviews, and was analysed using Tesch's method of data analysis. Trustworthiness was ensured by using the method of Guba and Lincoln. The participants in research were mothers who delivered their babies at the hospital, mothers who delivered their babies at the MOU, members of the Community Health Committee and MOU nurses.
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Mills, Robyn Anne. "Participatory Action Research in a Psychiatric Unit: Striving Towards Optimal Practices." Thesis, 2006. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/474/.
Full textAbstract:
The experiences of working in an acute psychiatric unit were investigated in this
research using multiple qualitative methodologies, particularly Reflective Topical
Autobiography and Participatory Action Research. The Participatory Action Research
was undertaken in an acute psychiatric unit of a major public hospital in Melbourne.
The collaborative design focused on bringing staff and consumers of psychiatric
services together with an aim to develop new work practices for mental health
practitioners. Four consumer consultants including a Koori representative participated
in this study. Consumer consultants and staff, working in collaboration with the
researcher, informed the fluid and iterative research process. Data included thirty eight
interviews with psychiatric health professionals (2 psychiatrists, 2 managers, 6
psychiatric registrars and 28 nurses, including two charge nurses). Horizontal violence,
and its impact on the capacity for reflexive work practices, became a strong emergent
theme. Other emergent and important themes included workplace hierarchy, values,
power, and the impact of critical incidents and supervision. Ego-state theory was
utilised to better understand the psychology of staff members, and Organisational Egostate
theory was presented as an original concept to explore the psychiatric unit as an
organism having its own personality characteristics. It was concluded that for there to be
permanent and iterative change to the organisation that engrained automatic responses
of the organisation need to be identified and new responses developed. The research
resulted in a number of new work practice recommendations, including the
establishment of non-discriminatory review processes where work practices that are
viewed as inappropriate by staff and consumers can be assessed with consideration to
the importance of all stakeholders. Specific insights and conclusions have been
suggested in relation to the treatment of aboriginal (Koori) people in the psychiatric
unit. A central conclusion from this study was that psychiatric staff and consumers need
more inclusion in the design and review of work practices.
10
Mason, Henry David. "Sinoville crisis centre: evaluation of a volunteer based initiative." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2279.
Full textAbstract:
South Africa is a country steeped in decades of conflict and animosity. Apartheid and
its consequences do not simply die: it has created a society struggling for survival.
Against the backdrop of a country and its people still experiencing an extended social
crisis, these struggles are socially constructed through various forms of aggressive,
traumatic and violent behaviours such as crime victimisation. The resultant effect is
that many South Africans are traumatised and require assistance to manage and
deal with the impact of traumatic exposure. Counselling and psychological services
within the South African context are limited, potentially expensive and often
inaccessible to the poor.
One way to address the needs of victims of crime and violence, is through the
establishment of one-stop multidisciplinary crisis centres that specialise in short term
crisis intervention service delivery. One such a crisis centre is the Sinoville Crisis
Centre (SCC).
The purpose of the study is to present an exploratory qualitative and participatory
action research account of the SCC's endeavours and ongoing challenges in
providing crisis intervention services as well as to serve as a guideline for future
development.
Research interviews with seven (7) SCC counsellors were complimented with a focus
group interview. Subsequent conclusions were grounded in relation to relevant
subject theory.
Three (3) broad categories of recommendations are provided. Specific
recommendations are levelled in relation to:
* The SCC's crisis intervention models
* The SCC's need to manage organisational change and loss; and
* The SCC's role within the Victim Empowerment Programme.Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
Books on the topic "Unit: Health Services Research Centre"
1
Palmer, Katherine. Signposts to information for community mental health workers: A research project funded by the South and West Health Care Libraries Unit. Poole: Bournemouth University Library & Information Services, 1999.
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2
Hands, David. Evidence-based organisation design in health care: The contribution of the Health Services Organisation Research Unit at Brunel University. London: Nuffield Trust, 2000.
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3
Canada. Advisory Network on Mental Health. Review of best practices in mental health reform: Prepared by the Health Systems Research Unit, Clarke Institute of Psychiatry. Ottawa: Advisory Network on Mental Health, 1997.
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4
Stephen, Harrison. Research into practice: Policy options for NHS purchasing authorities : a report by the Yorkshire Collaborating Centre for Health Services Research. Leeds: Nuffield Institute for Health, 1994.
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Harrison, Stephen. Research into practice: Policy options for NHS purchasing authorities : a report by the Yorkshire Collaborating Centre for Health Services Research. Leeds: Yorkshire Collaborating Centre for Health Services Research, Nuffield Institute for Health, 1994.
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6
Hailey, David. Profile of an HTA program: The AHFMR health technology assessment unit, 2002-2003. Edmonton: Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research, 2004.
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7
Mercer, G. Researching and evaluating complementary therapies: The state of the debate : a report by the Yorkshire Collaborating Centre for Health Services Research. Leeds: Yorkshire Collaborating Centre for Health Services Research, Nuffield Institute for Health, 1995.
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8
Health, BC Centre of Excellence for Women's. Making waves: Report for 1996-2001. [Vancouver, British Columbia]: 2001., 2001.
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9
Smith, Iain J. Cochlear implant technology and NHS purchasing policy: A report by the Yorkshire Collaborating Centre for Health Services Research. Leeds: Yorkshire Collaborating Centre for Health Services Research, Nuffield Institute for Health, 1994.
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10
Eccles, Martin. The treatment of hypertension in primary care: A report by the Yorkshire Collaborating Centre for Health Services Research. Leeds: University of Leeds.Nuffield Institute for Health, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Unit: Health Services Research Centre"
1
Roos, Leslie L., Jessica S. Jarmasz, Patricia J. Martens, Alan Katz, Randy Fransoo, Ruth-Ann Soodeen, Mark Smith, et al. "Health Services Information: From Data to Policy Impact (25 Years of Health Services and Population Health Research at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy)." In Health Services Evaluation, 171–90. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8715-3_9.
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Wąsowski, Krzysztof. "The Obligations of Public Entities." In Cybersecurity in Poland, 331–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78551-2_20.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe author presents the structure and principles which the Polish legislature imposes on public entities in the field of cybersecurity. The analysed regulations cover government authorities, state control authorities, law enforcement authorities, courts (both common and special), local government units and their associations (including metropolitan unions), budgetary units and Budget establishments, executive agencies, budgetary institutions, the Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and managed funds, the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS) and the funds managed by its President, the National Health Found, public universities, and the Polish Academy of Sciences. In addition to these public finance entities, special cybersecurity obligations have been imposed on research institutes, the National Bank of Poland, Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego (BGK), Office of Technical Inspection (UDT), the Polish Air Navigation Services Agency (PENSA), Polish Centre for Accreditation (PCA), the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management (NFEP&WM) and the provincial funds, as well as municipal companies. Despite differences in the form of activity (including possession or absence of legal personality), it is commonly agreed that the analysed regulations treat public entities as public administration authorities, at least in the functional sense, as evidenced by the indication that the obligations of public entities should be carried out within the framework of public tasks.
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Roos, Leslie L., Jessica S. Jarmasz, Patricia J. Martens, Alan Katz, Randy Fransoo, Ruth-Ann Soodeen, Mark Smith, et al. "Health Services Information: From Data to Policy Impact (25 Years of Health Services and Population Health Research at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy)." In Data and Measures in Health Services Research, 1–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7673-4_9-1.
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Smith, Mark, Leslie L. Roos, Charles Burchill, Ken Turner, Dave G. Towns, Say P. Hong, Jessica S. Jarmasz, et al. "Health Services Data: Managing the Data Warehouse: 25 Years of Experience at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy." In Data and Measures in Health Services Research, 1–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7673-4_3-1.
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Jabbar, Mohammad, Steve Staal, John McIntire, and Simeon Ehui. "Economics and policy research at ILRI, 1975-2018." In The impact of the International Livestock Research Institute, 639–79. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789241853.0639.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter looks at the livestock policy and economics research at the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) and its predecessor, the International Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA), which have focused on the following problems: (i) the historical problem of supply response; (ii) animal health services and productivity; (iii) responding to the 'Livestock Revolution'; (iv) policy and technical barriers to smallholder dairying; (v) livestock and poverty; (vi) markets, institutions and competitiveness; (vii) land tenure; and (viii) livestock master plans. The research spending and the scientific and development impacts of ILRI's policy and economics research are also highlighted.
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Manachi, Maha, Eyad Chatty, Seham Sulaiman, and Zahera Fahed. "General Oncology Care in Syria." In Cancer in the Arab World, 265–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7945-2_17.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe first entity dedicated to cancer was established named “Nuclear Medical Center” with a single radiotherapy unit in 1969. Since then, the concept of oncology has rapidly progressed with the establishment of a division of oncology in the University of Damascus, School of Medicine with six staff members at that time. In 2001, a National Cancer Registry was established with the help of the World Health Organization. Many civil societies related to cancer awareness, early detection, and care of patients bloomed, first being the Syrian Cancer Society.Now cancer diagnosis and treatment facilities are spread all over the county but mainly concentrated in Damascus, Lattakia, and Aleppo. All three main government related medical entities that are the Ministry of Higher Education, Ministry of Health, and the Medical Corps are involved in the process with the help of the private sector also. This progress of course was slowed due to the bloody aggression that engulfed Syria for 10 years of conflict. However, it did not halt the country’s goals and achievements.In 2006, Nuclear Medicine Centre was developed into a comprehensive institution for cancer, Al Bairouni University Hospital (ABUH) to provide free standard of care treatment for all citizens. The Syrian National Committee for cancer control (SNCCC) was established in June 2019 with a mission of strategic planning for better cancer management in collaboration with all stakeholders aiming to raise cancer services to the best possible standard in the post-war era. The chapters’ focus is to discuss cancer care services being provided in the country and future challenges that need to be addressed for high quality oncology care services in Syria.
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Nielsen, Fran. "Art Therapy." In Longer-Term Psychiatric Inpatient Care for Adolescents, 95–105. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1950-3_11.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe use of group art therapy, individual art therapy and family art therapy in an inpatient child and adolescent mental health services unit will be described, including images and consumer feedback to demonstrate effectiveness. The artworks made in art therapy can reveal hidden dysfunction in the young person and/or their family members. Recent trauma research supports capacity to access this material safely through non-verbal visual communication. Family art therapy has been a useful intervention to support the identification of illness in a parent, to improving attunement between the parent and the child and for the parent to detach from their child’s symptoms by agreeing to get treatment for themselves. If the patient cannot separate from the illness in the parent, their symptoms will persist.
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Bote, Juanjo. "Electronic Health Record Proposal for Long-Term Preservation." In Handbook of Research on ICTs for Human-Centered Healthcare and Social Care Services, 529–48. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3986-7.ch028.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter introduces a model approach to long-term digital preservation of Electronic Health Record (EHR). The long-term digital preservation is an emerging trend in the environment of digital libraries. However, legal or business needs may cause the use of digital preservation strategies in different fields. This is the case of the EHR as part of the information system of a healthcare institution. After a reasonable space of time without activity, an EHR becomes a passive information unit. Consequently, this passive information unit remains safe in a separate information system where the main purpose is digitally preserving this information on a long-term basis. There are two appropriate methodologies, Trustworthy Repository Audit and Certification Criteria (TRAC) and a Reference Model for Open Archival Information System (OAIS). These methodologies can widely be adopted by health care organizations to preserve EHR in the long-term.
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Braun, Patrice. "Clever Health." In Handbook of Research on ICTs and Management Systems for Improving Efficiency in Healthcare and Social Care, 69–87. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3990-4.ch004.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter reports on the evaluation of Clever Health, an Australian e-health project. The evaluation took place from mid-2007 through 2010 and consisted of both qualitative and quantitative approaches to capture awareness, expectations, and use of Clever Health components—which included video-conferencing for patient care, professional development, and peer support—and to compare initial perceptions and expectations to perceived changes in awareness and uptake of Clever Health components. The study found that while use of components increased at a satisfactory pace, health services and professionals struggled with change management issues, which, in turn, impacted changing work practices. Findings suggest that it is imperative to address and integrate the human factors of e-health delivery in the rollout of future e-health programs. The study proposes a robust evaluation framework for future telemedicine projects that uses a patient-centred unit of analysis and examines the costs and benefits that accrue for different stakeholders.
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Pawlby, Susan, and Deborah Sharp. "Maternal and offspring mental health: From bench to bedside." In Perinatal Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199676859.003.0016.
Full textAbstract:
Translational research has become one of the key concepts of medical science in the 21st century, with academics and clinicians coming together in a joint effort to bring findings from basic research into the clinical setting so that they can benefit patients. Channi Kumar may not have recognized this phrase, but his work was truly translational. Indeed his perinatal research programme was bi-directional in its translation. As a clinician and an academic, Channi’s research was informed by his clinical work with mothers suffering from severe mental illness (SMI) following childbirth. He recognized the importance of treating a mother’s mental illness, while at the same supporting her in the care of her baby. His clinical work on the Mother and Baby Unit at the Bethlem Royal Hospital gave rise to research into the understanding of antenatal and postnatal mental illness and its effects on the child as well as into improving services and treatment for women and their babies. In this chapter we will show how two of Channi’s flagship studies, the South London Child Development Study (SLCDS) and a video feedback intervention programme on the Mother and Baby Unit, continue to gather evidence and to inform perinatal guidelines in the 21st century. The SLCDS is unique in that it is one of the first longitudinal studies of women’s mental health and its impact on the children to begin during pregnancy. Specifically, families from two inner-city London General Practice sites were initially recruited into a longitudinal prospective study of emotional disorders related to childbirth when the women were pregnant between 1 January and 31 December 1986. It has followed the lives of 151 families through pregnancy and the index child’s first year, with 86% participating when the index child was 4 years, 89% at 11 years, and 83% at 16 years. At the outset of the study, the mean age of the women was 25.9 years (range 16–43 years); 60% were married, 32% had a regular partner, and 8% were single; 78% were of white British origin; 86% were working class; 30% had no educational qualifications.
Conference papers on the topic "Unit: Health Services Research Centre"
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Dobra, R., E. Guilmant, T. Higgins, and S. Fleming. "M14 Understanding and improving participants’ experience of health research; patient evaluation of research participation in a dedicated respiratory biomedical research unit (bru) clinical research facility (crf)." In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2017, QEII Centre Broad Sanctuary Westminster London SW1P 3EE, 6 to 8 December 2017, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210983.436.
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Qush, Abeer, Manar E. Abdel-Rahman, Nader Al-Dewik, and Layla Kamareddine. "Assessing the Current Standing of Hamad Medical Corporation Blood Donor Center in Qatar and Developing a Forecast Model for the Blood Stock Needs during the 2022 World Cup Event." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0156.
Full textAbstract:
Background: In two years from now, Qatar will host the 2022 World Cup competition, which requires high level of preparedness and readiness in different sectors including healthcare. Among different subsections of health, the blood bank and the Blood Donor Center will have a major role in this event especially in case of unforeseen incidences. Accordingly, a proper assessment of the current blood resource availability and a prediction of future blood needs helps in overcoming any obstacle that could be faced during the event. Objectives: (1) Highlight the process of the blood supply chain, with a detailed delineation of the needed amount of blood components for both routine and emergency situations services, and outline the proper measures taken to deliver the safest and most appropriate blood units and reduce wastage of blood component. (2) Assess the current standing of the Blood Donor Center and corresponding units in Qatar. (3) Develop a forecast model that predicts the number of blood donors in the next four years as a method to evaluate the readiness of the Blood Donor facility to host the world cup event. (4) Explore the potential challenges that could be faced when meeting the benchmark of donation and established an action plan to overcome these anticipated challenges. Materials and methods: Both qualitative (interviews) and a quantitative (data collection and analysis) approaches have been implemented in our study. We also established a time series forecast model using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). Results: The number of donors in the next four years, which is predicted to increase by 26%, will not be able to be accommodated in the current Blood Donor Center facility. Therefore, the established blood stock benchmark will not be met despite that the Center and its corresponding units are fully equipped with high standard equipment and follow international guidelines in the process of blood withdrawal. Conclusion: Infrastructure improvements and logistics support for Hamad Medical Corporation Blood Donor Center are required to support the continuously increasing numbers of blood donors for daily demand and during mega events.
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Ayorinde, AA, I. Williams, R. Mannion, F. Song, M. Skrybant, RJ Lilford, and Y.-F. Chen. "P41 Assessment of publication bias in systematic reviews of health services and delivery research." In Society for Social Medicine 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting, Hosted by the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 5–7 September 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-ssmabstracts.167.
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Kupcˇa, L’udovi´t. "Irradiation Embrittlement Monitoring Programs of RPV’s in the Slovak Republic NPP’s." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89250.
Full textAbstract:
Four types of surveillance programs were (are) realized in Slovak NPP’s: • “Standard Surveillance Specimen Program” (SSSP) was finished in Jaslovske´ Bohunice V-2 Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Units 3 and 4; • “Extended Surveillance Specimen Program” (ESSP), was prepared for Jaslovske´ Bohunice NPP V-2 with aim to validate the SSSP results; • For the Mochovce NPP Unit 1 and 2 was prepared completely new surveillance program “Modern Surveillance Specimen Program” (MSSP), based on the philosophy that the results of MSSP must be available during all NPP service life; • For the Bohunice V-1 NPP was finished “New Surveillance Specimen Program” (NSSP) coordinated by IAEA, which gave arguments for prolongation of service life these units for minimum 20 years; • New Advanced Surveillance Specimen Program (ASSP) for Bohunice V-2 NPP (units 3 and 4) and Mochovce NPP (units 1, 2) is approved now. ASSP is dealing with the irradiation embrittlement of heat affected zone (HAZ) and RPV’s austenitic cladding, which were not evaluated till this time in surveillance programs. SSSP started in 1979 and was finished in 1990. ESSP program started in 1995 and will be finished in 2007, was prepared with aim of: • increasing of neutron fluence measurement accuracy; • substantial improvement the irradiation temperature measurement; • fixed orientation of samples to the centre of the reactor core; • minimum differences of neutron dose for all the Charpy-V notch and COD specimens; • the dose rate effect evaluation. In the year 1996 was started the new surveillance specimen program for the Mochovce RPV’s unit-1 and 2, based on the fundamental postulate — to provide the irradiation embrittlement monitoring till the end of units operation. The “New Surveillance Specimen Program” (NSSP) prepared in the year 1999 for the Bohunice V-1 NPP was finished in the year 2004. Main goal of this program was to evaluate the weld material properties degradation due to the irradiation and recovery efficiency by annealing too. The results showed us that the NPP V-1 RPV’s can be operated without any technical limitation for minimum next 20 years. Advanced Surveillance Specimen Program (ASSP) for Bohunice V-2 NPP (units 3 and 4) and Mochovce NPP (units 1 and 2) was prepared as the part of research project dealing with the WWER-440 units ageing management.
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Oashttamadea, Ressa, Menkher Manjas, and Yurniwati Yurniwati. "Unit Cost Analysis of Laboratory Services in Naili DBS Hospital in 2007 Using Activity Based Costing (ABC) Method." In Proceedings of the 1st EAI International Conference on Medical And Health Research, ICoMHER November 13-14th 2018, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.13-11-2018.2283659.
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Zhang, Ning, Pankaj R. Chandra, Ryan Robledo, and Sree Harsha Balijepalli. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Heat Pipes for Electronic Cooling." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83149.
Full textAbstract:
Computers are crucial to nearly every endeavor in the modern world. Some computers, particularly those used in military applications, are required to endure extreme conditions with limited maintenance and few parts. Units such as these will hereafter be referred to as “rugged computers.” This series of experiments aims to produce improvements to rugged computers currently in service. Using heat pipes and finned heat sinks on an enclosed box, a computer’s Central Processing Unit (CPU) is able to reject heat without suffering contamination from unforgiving environments. A modular prototype was designed to allow for three distinct cases; a case with no heat pipes and fins, a cast with heat-pipes mounted internally with exterior fins and a case with heat-pipes extended externally with exterior fins. Each case was tested at three different heat loads, with a copper plate heated by a silicone heat strip simulating the heat load generated by a CPU. Each case/load combination was run many times to check for repeatability. The aim of this research is to discover the ideal case for maximum heat transfer from the CPU to the external environment. In addition to the experiments, numerical simulation of these modular prototypes with different designs of heat pipes were conducted in this research. Creating an accurate model for computer simulations will provide validation for the experiments and will prove useful in testing cases not represented by the modular prototype. The flow and heat transfer simulations were conducted using Autodesk CFD. The aim here is to create a model that accurately reflects the experimentally-verified results from the modular prototype’s cases and loads, thereby providing a base from whence further designs can branch off and be simulated with a fair degree of accuracy.
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Jorge, Beatriz, Juliana Carvalho, Catarina Pedro, and Sara Carneiro. "FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY AND DUAL DIAGNOSIS." In 23° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2021. SEPD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2021o034.
Full textAbstract:
1.Objective: Dual diagnosis patients perpetrate crime more often than healthy individuals and is of great importance for forensic mental health services. However, in dual diagnosis patients, very little is known about factors explaining criminal behavior. This work aims to summarize the epidemiological and clinical approach of dual diagnosis patients, focusing on the Iberian Peninsula scope. Aditionaly, it aims to analyse the state of the art regarding associations between demographic and clinical factors and perpetration of crime in dual disorder patients. 2. Method: A non-systematic review of the literature is presented. Bibliographic selection was carried out through keyword research in MEDLINE and Google Scholar. 3. Results and conclusions: Perpetration of violence was independently associated with younger age, severity of alcohol use problems, lifetime trauma exposure, and higher manic symptom scores. The three drugs most commonly associated with the drugs–crime connection are heroin, crack and cocaine. A study conducted in penitentiary centers of the Interior in Spain found a high percentage of dual pathology (81.4%) In the portuguese largest security ward, in Coimbra, 40.5% of the sample had dual diagnosis disorders. Forensic units must take an integrated approach to addressing substance-use disorders. It is needed to consider not only the complexities of the substance misuse and the mental disorder, but also the offending behaviour that brought them into the forensic services. Also, social skills can effectively be improved in dual diagnosis patients. Further research is required to identify additional risk factors, such as individual substances of abuse, and establish a causal model leading to criminal perpetration.
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Özcan, Selami, Kerim Baş, and H. Yunus Taş. "Effects of Health Sector Information Asymmetry on Patient Satisfaction: An Appilication on Yalova Oral and Dental Care Centre." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00673.
Full textAbstract:
Effects of excessive information level difference between providers and receivers of health care services on patients will be presented with this work. Fundamental concepts like health care service, information asymmetry and it’s effects will be explained. Information levels of attempts and treatments that were put in practice to the patients, surgical operations and billing will be studied and the outputs of the information level difference between the provider and the receiver will be determined. In this research, it will be revealed if the practical applications and the concepts in the literature overlap each other and developing a new method towards evaluating the information level difference will be attempted. Patients who received a certain number of treatments will be targeted. Survey questions that will be asked to the patients will try to reveal the amount of information on the procedure they have undertaken and the between this level of information and the their satisfaction. SPSS software is used for the analysis of the data. Resolving of the relation between patient satisfaction themeasured percentage of level of information about the procedure the subject have undertaken will be attempted during the evaluation of the survey results. The effects of gender, age and education on level of information-customer satisfaction will also be investigated while determining the patients level of information with this survey.
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Wu, Yanqun, Yang Zhao, Mingxing Liu, Wei Jiang, Qi Chen, Shun Wang, and Hao Yan. "Research on Nuclear Safety Video Display Unit Technology Based on Digital Twin." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16792.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The nuclear safety video display unit (SVDU) in the nuclear safety level DCS implements functions such as displaying and warning of reactor safety related parameters and sending safety control instructions, which belongs to safety level 1 equipment. As a high-cost complex safety level display device, due to its high functional complexity, high security and reliability requirements, and special usage scenarios, its design, research, and function verification have always encountered problems such as low intelligence and low digitization, resulting in slow development process, complicated product function verification, and inconvenient use and training, etc. After the SVDU is put into practical use, continuous analysis of its stability, reliability, and safety, and its health status monitoring and maintenance are also difficult technical problems. Based on the five-dimensional digital twin model as a design benchmark, a digital twin-based design method for SVDU is proposed. Taking the SVDU in a nuclear safety level DCS (NASPIC) as the object, the digital twin technology is adopted to model the physical objects such as display unit, human-machine interface unit, storage unit and communication network unit, and the high-speed industrial Ethernet network is used to map and interconnect the data between the components, so as to realize the physical fusion, model fusion and data fusion of the real SVDU and the virtual SVDU. With the help of data feedback from safety level DCS, the data, symbol display and control process of SVDU can be visualized and analyzed in virtual environment, and the real-time control function verification, fault early warning and auxiliary decision-making can be carried out, which improves the visibility, accessibility, operability and predictability of real SVDU display and control process. The real-time data, historical data, fault self-diagnosis data, and expert experience of real SVDU and virtual SVDU are incorporated into the twin data pool to reproduce the variable-speed replay of the historical operation process of SVDU and realize the post-accident condition analysis with multiple spatiotemporal dimensions; the record and analysis of self-fault diagnosis data provides the possibility of stability analysis services such as clock, power supply, human-machine input, and storage equipment, etc. Digital twin-based SVDU technology can ensure rapid development and iteration of products under the requirements of complex functions and high safety and reliability, and truly reproduce the display and control effects of SVDU, while meeting users’ multiple application scenarios and data service requirements.
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Ettema, Roelof, Goran Gumze, Katja Heikkinen, and Kirsty Marshall. "European Integrated Care Horizon 2020: increase societal participation; reduce care demands and costs." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10175.
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BackgroundCare recipients in care and welfare are increasingly presenting themselves with complex needs (Huber et al., 2016). An answer to this is the integrated organization of care and welfare in a way that personalized care is the measure (Topol, 2016). The reality, however, is that care and welfare are still mainly offered in a standardized, specialized and fragmented way. This imbalance between the need for care and the supply of care not only leads to under-treatment and over-treatment and thus to less (experienced) quality, but also entails the risk of mis-treatment, which means that patient safety is at stake (Berwick, 2005). It also leads to a reduction in the functioning of citizens and unnecessary healthcare cost (Olsson et al, 2009).Integrated CareIntegrated care is the by fellow human beings experienced smooth process of effective help, care and service provided by various disciplines in the zero line, the first line, the second line and the third line in healthcare and welfare, as close as possible (Ettema et al, 2018; Goodwin et al, 2015). Integrated care starts with an extensive assessment with the care recipient. Then the required care and services in the zero line, the first line, the second line and / or the third line are coordinated between different care providers. The care is then delivered to the person (fellow human) at home or as close as possible (Bruce and Parry, 2015; Evers and Paulus, 2015; Lewis, 2015; Spicer, 2015; Cringles, 2002).AimSupport societal participation, quality of live and reduce care demand and costs in people with complex care demands, through integration of healthcare and welfare servicesMethods (overview)1. Create best healthcare and welfare practices in Slovenia, Poland, Austria, Norway, UK, Finland, The Netherlands: three integrated best care practices per involved country 2. Get insight in working mechanisms of favourable outcomes (by studying the contexts, mechanisms and outcomes) to enable personalised integrated care for meeting the complex care demand of people focussed on societal participation in all integrated care best practices.3. Disclose program design features and requirements regarding finance, governance, accountability and management for European policymakers, national policy makers, regional policymakers, national umbrella organisations for healthcare and welfare, funding organisations, and managers of healthcare and welfare organisations.4. Identify needs of healthcare and welfare deliverers for creating and supporting dynamic partnerships for integrating these care services for meeting complex care demands in a personalised way for the client.5. Studying desired behaviours of healthcare and welfare professionals, managers of healthcare and welfare organisations, members of involved funding organisations and national umbrella organisations for healthcare and welfare, regional policymakers, national policy makers and European policymakersInvolved partiesAlma Mater Europaea Maribor Slovenia, Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland, University Graz Austria, Kristiania University Oslo Norway, Salford University Manchester UK, University of Applied Sciences Turku Finland, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht The Netherlands (secretary), Rotterdam Stroke Service The Netherlands, Vilans National Centre of Expertise for Long-term Care The Netherlands, NIVEL Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, International Foundation of Integrated Care IFIC.References1. Berwick DM. The John Eisenberg Lecture: Health Services Research as a Citizen in Improvement. Health Serv Res. 2005 Apr; 40(2): 317–336.2. Bruce D, Parry B. Integrated care: a Scottish perspective. London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 2015; 7(3): 44–48.3. Cringles MC. Developing an integrated care pathway to manage cancer pain across primary, secondary and tertiary care. International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2002 May 8;247279.4. Ettema RGA, Eastwood JG, Schrijvers G. Towards Evidence Based Integrated Care. International journal of integrated care 2018;18(s2):293. DOI: 10.5334/ijic.s22935. Evers SM, Paulus AT. Health economics and integrated care: a growing and challenging relationship. Int J Integr Care. 2015 Jun 17;15:e024.6. Goodwin N, Dixon A, Anderson G, Wodchis W. Providing integrated care for older people with complex needs: lessons from seven international case studies. King’s Fund London; 2014.7. Huber M, van Vliet M, Giezenberg M, Winkens B, Heerkens Y, Dagnelie PC, Knottnerus JA. Towards a 'patient-centred' operationalisation of the new dynamic concept of health: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open. 2016 Jan 12;6(1):e010091. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-0100918. Lewis M. Integrated care in Wales: a summary position. London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 2015; 7(3): 49–54.9. Olsson EL, Hansson E, Ekman I, Karlsson J. A cost-effectiveness study of a patient-centred integrated care pathway. 2009 65;1626–1635.10. Spicer J. Integrated care in the UK: variations on a theme? London J Prim Care (Abingdon). 2015; 7(3): 41–43.11. Topol E. (2016) The Patient Will See You Now. The Future of Medicine Is in Your Hands. New York: Basic Books.
Reports on the topic "Unit: Health Services Research Centre"
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Patron, Maria Carmela, and Marilou P. Costello. The DMPA service provider: Profile, problems and prospects, August 1995. Population Council, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1995.1024.
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This report presents the results of interviews conducted with 60 trained DMPA service providers from seven of the ten local government units (LGUs) covered by Phase I of the Philippine Department of Health's DMPA Reintroduction Program. DMPA, or Depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, is an injectable contraceptive commonly known as Depo-Provera. The interviews were undertaken as part of the DMPA Monitoring and Follow-up Studies sponsored by the Population Council under the Asia and Near East Operations Research and Technical Assistance (ANE OR/TA) Project. While the monitoring study and the follow-up survey focused on DMPA users and dropouts, this study centered on the service provider. The DMPA Reintroduction Program was launched by the DOH in April 1994 by the Philippine Bureau of Food and Drugs. The program aims to reintroduce DMPA into the Philippine Family Planning Program through training local-level doctors, nurses, and midwives as service providers, and providing free DMPA services in selected public health facilities.
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Totten, Annette, Dana M. Womack, Marian S. McDonagh, Cynthia Davis-O’Reilly, Jessica C. Griffin, Ian Blazina, Sara Grusing, and Nancy Elder. Improving Rural Health Through Telehealth-Guided Provider-to-Provider Communication. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer254.
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Objectives. To assess the use, effectiveness, and implementation of telehealth-supported provider-to-provider communication and collaboration for the provision of healthcare services to rural populations and to inform a scientific workshop convened by the National Institutes of Health Office of Disease Prevention on October 12–14, 2021. Data sources. We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Ovid MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL. We searched for articles published from January 1, 2015, to October 12, 2021, to identify data on use of rural provider-to-provider telehealth (Key Question 1) and the same databases for articles published January 1, 2010, to October 12, 2021, for studies of effectiveness and implementation (Key Questions 2 and 3) and to identify methodological weaknesses in the research (Key Question 4). Additional sources were identified through reference lists, stakeholder suggestions, and responses to a Federal Register notice. Review methods. Our methods followed the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Methods Guide (available at https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/cer-methods-guide/overview) and the PRISMA reporting guidelines. We used predefined criteria and dual review of abstracts and full-text articles to identify research results on (1) regional or national use, (2) effectiveness, (3) barriers and facilitators to implementation, and (4) methodological weakness in studies of provider-to-provider telehealth for rural populations. We assessed the risk of bias of the effectiveness studies using criteria specific to the different study designs and evaluated strength of evidence (SOE) for studies of similar telehealth interventions with similar outcomes. We categorized barriers and facilitators to implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and summarized methodological weaknesses of studies. Results. We included 166 studies reported in 179 publications. Studies on the degree of uptake of provider-to-provider telehealth were limited to specific clinical uses (pharmacy, psychiatry, emergency care, and stroke management) in seven studies using national or regional surveys and claims data. They reported variability across States and regions, but increasing uptake over time. Ninety-seven studies (20 trials and 77 observational studies) evaluated the effectiveness of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural settings, finding that there may be similar rates of transfers and lengths of stay with telehealth for inpatient consultations; similar mortality rates for remote intensive care unit care; similar clinical outcomes and transfer rates for neonates; improvements in medication adherence and treatment response in outpatient care for depression; improvements in some clinical monitoring measures for diabetes with endocrinology or pharmacy outpatient consultations; similar mortality or time to treatment when used to support emergency assessment and management of stroke, heart attack, or chest pain at rural hospitals; and similar rates of appropriate versus inappropriate transfers of critical care and trauma patients with specialist telehealth consultations for rural emergency departments (SOE: low). Studies of telehealth for education and mentoring of rural healthcare providers may result in intended changes in provider behavior and increases in provider knowledge, confidence, and self-efficacy (SOE: low). Patient outcomes were not frequently reported for telehealth provider education, but two studies reported improvement (SOE: low). Evidence for telehealth interventions for other clinical uses and outcomes was insufficient. We identified 67 program evaluations and qualitative studies that identified barriers and facilitators to rural provider-to-provider telehealth. Success was linked to well-functioning technology; sufficient resources, including time, staff, leadership, and equipment; and adequate payment or reimbursement. Some considerations may be unique to implementation of provider-to-provider telehealth in rural areas. These include the need for consultants to better understand the rural context; regional initiatives that pool resources among rural organizations that may not be able to support telehealth individually; and programs that can support care for infrequent as well as frequent clinical situations in rural practices. An assessment of methodological weaknesses found that studies were limited by less rigorous study designs, small sample sizes, and lack of analyses that address risks for bias. A key weakness was that studies did not assess or attempt to adjust for the risk that temporal changes may impact the results in studies that compared outcomes before and after telehealth implementation. Conclusions. While the evidence base is limited, what is available suggests that telehealth supporting provider-to-provider communications and collaboration may be beneficial. Telehealth studies report better patient outcomes in some clinical scenarios (e.g., outpatient care for depression or diabetes, education/mentoring) where telehealth interventions increase access to expertise and high-quality care. In other applications (e.g., inpatient care, emergency care), telehealth results in patient outcomes that are similar to usual care, which may be interpreted as a benefit when the purpose of telehealth is to make equivalent services available locally to rural residents. Most barriers to implementation are common to practice change efforts. Methodological weaknesses stem from weaker study designs, such as before-after studies, and small numbers of participants. The rapid increase in the use of telehealth in response to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is likely to produce more data and offer opportunities for more rigorous studies.
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Forrester, Donald, Sophie Wood, Charlotte Waits, Rebecca Jones, Dan Bristow, and Emma Taylor-Collins. Children's social services and care rates in Wales: A survey of the sector. Wales Centre for Public Policy - Cardiff University, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54454/20220311.
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Wales has seen a rise in both the number and rate of children looked after. The rate is now higher than any time since the 1980s. In addition, Wales has consistently had more children looked after per 10,000 of the population than the rest of the UK. This trend is a cause for concern; particularly the impact on the outcomes of children who are taken into care in terms of educational attainment, health, unemployment, homelessness, and criminal justice. Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic is expected to have worsened the situation. To understand better the factors influencing care rates, the Welsh Government commissioned the Wales Centre for Public Policy and the Centre for Children’s Social Care Research and Development (CASCADE) at Cardiff University to undertake a survey with the children’s social care (CSC) workforce.
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P., DALLA VILLA. Overcoming the impact of COVID-19 on animal welfare: COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2020.nf.3137.
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The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) represents 182 countries with a focus on animal health, animal welfare and veterinary public health. The OIE has several Collaborating Centres that support the work of the organisation. The Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘Giuseppe Caporale’ (IZSAM) is the Secretariat for the OIE Collaborating Centre Network on Veterinary Emergencies (EmVetNet). In April 2020, the IZSAM initiated a COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare. The working group represented the EmVetNet Collaborating Centres, international institutions, veterinary associations, authorities and animal welfare organisations. Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine recruited summer research students whom catalogued over 1,200 animal welfare related reports and provided 64 report narratives for the working group. IZSAM launched the EmVetNet website (https://emvetnet.izs.it) for public and private exchange of information, materials, and guidelines related to veterinary emergencies. The EmVetNet COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare continues to meet to address emerging issues, strengthen the network for future emergencies, and share information with stakeholders including national Veterinary Services responding to the epidemic.
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P., DALLA VILLA. Overcoming the impact of COVID-19 on animal welfare: COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/bull.2020.nf.3137.
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The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) represents 182 countries with a focus on animal health, animal welfare and veterinary public health. The OIE has several Collaborating Centres that support the work of the organisation. The Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise ‘Giuseppe Caporale’ (IZSAM) is the Secretariat for the OIE Collaborating Centre Network on Veterinary Emergencies (EmVetNet). In April 2020, the IZSAM initiated a COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare. The working group represented the EmVetNet Collaborating Centres, international institutions, veterinary associations, authorities and animal welfare organisations. Lincoln Memorial University College of Veterinary Medicine recruited summer research students whom catalogued over 1,200 animal welfare related reports and provided 64 report narratives for the working group. IZSAM launched the EmVetNet website (https://emvetnet.izs.it) for public and private exchange of information, materials, and guidelines related to veterinary emergencies. The EmVetNet COVID-19 Thematic Platform on Animal Welfare continues to meet to address emerging issues, strengthen the network for future emergencies, and share information with stakeholders including national Veterinary Services responding to the epidemic.
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Miralao, Virginia. Family planning studies in the Philippines: A review and synthesis. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1994.1004.
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This report, which summarizes the major study findings on population and family planning (FP) trends in the Philippines, was prepared for the Research Unit of the Family Planning Services (FPS) of the Department of Health (DOH). It was used by the FPS in its National Consultative Planning Workshop in early 1994 to formulate plans for the Philippine Family Planning Program for 1994–1995. Workshop participants included DOH Regional Family Planning Coordinators, representatives of local government offices engaged in population and health activities, and local NGOs and women's groups. The report alerted participants to population and FP issues and trends that could assist them in formulating their FP program targets and strategies in their own areas and localities. Study findings are organized into those relating to indicators of demand, and those bearing on the supply of FP services. Considering the large number of population and FP studies that have been made to date, this review limits itself to a presentation of related trends in fertility and FP awareness, approval, and use over time. The report provides a backdrop for the formulation and implementation of local action plans to advance the national FP program.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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South Africa: Providers should encourage sexually active youth to use condoms. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2001.1028.
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To assess the effectiveness of youth centers in reaching adolescents with reproductive health information, life skills, and services, the Reproductive Health Research Unit in KwaZulu Natal and the Population Council conducted an assessment of 12 youth centers and their affiliated peer education programs. The centers were run by the KwaZulu Natal Department of Health, the loveLife program, and the Youth and Adolescent Reproductive Health Program. Researchers also examined young people’s use of condoms as protection against pregnancy and HIV/AIDS. Data sources for this study, conducted in 2000, were an inventory of youth center services, interviews with center staff and clients, service statistics, and community surveys of 1,399 young people aged 12–24 and their parents. As noted in this brief, the study found that many sexually active young people in South Africa are knowledgeable about the sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS but do not use condoms consistently. Service providers can do more to promote condom use among youth by placing condom dispensers in private places and counseling youth on correct condom use and safer sexual practices.
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Situation analysis of LGU Health Centers for integrating RTI management within the Philippines FP/MCH Program. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1024.
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A Situation Analysis (SA) was conducted in seven local government health centers as part of a larger project studying the feasibility of integrating RTI services within the existing Family Planning/Reproductive Health Program of the Department of Health (DOH). The SA was part of a series of baseline activities conducted by the Family Planning Operations Research and Training Project as part of its study on Integrating RTI Management in Local Government Unit Health Centers. It was conducted by Population Council, Manila, for the DOH. Participating health centers were located in a large and highly urbanized community, a medium-sized city, and two semi-urban municipalities. The research team visited these centers to examine existing facilities and equipment, staff capabilities, and client-provider interactions. Clients related their perceptions about quality of service. SA results showed that FP/MCH and other services offered in the clinics were generally satisfactory. In the clinics that had a laboratory, capacity was limited due to inadequate supplies. None of the centers could conduct basic lab tests for RTIs. As this report indicates, clinic facilities, client-provider interaction, and staff capability, though satisfactory, can still be improved. However, RTI services are either lacking or only addressed inadequately.
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South Africa: Who uses youth centers and why? Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2001.1029.
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In 2000, the Reproductive Health Research Unit in KwaZulu Natal and the Population Council conducted an assessment of 12 youth centers and 7 affiliated peer education programs. The 12 centers, located in urban, peri-urban, and rural areas, offer very different services. The two centers of the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health focus on providing reproductive health (RH) information and services to adolescents. The six centers of the Youth and Adolescent Reproductive Health Project provide a broader range of youth-friendly RH services, including counseling and life skills education, as well as modest recreational activities. The four centers run by loveLife have large multipurpose facilities with a wide range of recreational activities, vocational and life skills training, and RH services. This brief states that less than one-third of local youth have ever visited the youth centers in this study area of South Africa. More than half of the youth center visitors were sexually experienced but visiting a center had little discernible effect on RH knowledge or safer sexual behavior. Youth want friendly, nonjudgmental providers; youth-only facilities and young providers are less important.