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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Rosehart, Bob. Final report and recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Resource Dependent Communities in Northern Ontario. Toronto: Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, 1986.

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2

Heverin, John Patrick. Une etude de la realite du marche unique pour l'entreprise en Irelande du Nord. [S.l: The Author], 1996.

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3

McMullay, Lisa Jane Anne. L'E uro et la Commerce: Les Effets de la Monnaie Unique sur les Entreprises : Avec Toute Particulière Attention au Royaume-Uni et I'Irlande du Nord. [S.l: The Author], 1999.

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4

Hahn, Allison. Media Culture in Nomadic Communities. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723022.

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Media Culture in Nomadic Communities examines the ways that new technologies and ICT infrastructures have changed the communicative norms and patterns that regulate mobile and nomadic communities’ engagement in local and international deliberative decision-making. Each chapter examines a unique communicative event, such has how the Maasai of Tanzania have used online petitions to demand government action, how Mongolians in northern China have used microblogs to record and debate land tenure, and how herding communities from around the world have supported the Lakota Sioux protests at Standing Rock. Through these case studies, Hahn argues that mobile and nomadic communities are creating and utilizing new communicative networks that are radically changing local, national, and international deliberations.
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5

Gann, Lewis H. Contemporary Europe and the Atlantic alliance: A political history. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1998.

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6

Birches, House of White. Quilting beyond the Norm: 10 unique Quilts You'll Love to Stitch (Quilting Patterns). House of White Birches, 2006.

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7

Payne, Cymie R. Developments in the Law of Environmental Reparations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784630.003.0015.

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The United Nations Compensation Commission (‘UNCC’) is a unique model for liability and compensation of environmental damage in an international context, influencing both jus in bello and jus post bellum. The UNCC provided a legal process that catalogued, assessed, and awarded money to pay to clean and repair the damaged soil, water, coastal ecosystems, and other harms resulting from the 1990–1 Gulf War. Its contributions include integration of environmental law principles into the reparations process; use of advanced techniques for assessment of environmental damage; and use of a multilateral process in a way that balanced confidentiality and transparency. The UNCC environmental programme, viewed as an innovative approach to justice after war, highlights the contribution that the environmental integrity norm can make.
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8

Hardt, Heidi. A Reactive Culture. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672171.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 explains why NATO’s institutional memory continues to develop in the way that it does – despite formal learning processes being underutilized. Findings in this chapter draw on the author’s survey-based interviews with 120 NATO elites. The chapter begins by arguing that NATO’s organizational culture locks-in elites’ preference for relying on informal processes and avoiding formal processes. Key characteristics of NATO’s culture posed challenges for identifying and reporting strategic errors. The organization’s norm of consensus made formal agreements on past strategic errors difficult. Moreover, NATO’s focus on reaction over retrospection and a broader culture of blame aversion provided elites with little incentive to break the tradition of reliance on informal processes for memory development. Elites described feeling continuous pressure to react to the crisis at hand and treat past crises as unique – leaving little reason to invest in learning from past failures.
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9

Stavans, Anat, and Ulrike Jessner-Schmid, eds. The Cambridge Handbook of Childhood Multilingualism. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108669771.

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Childhood multilingualism has become a norm rather than an exception. This is the first handbook to survey state-of-the-art research on the uniqueness of early multilingual development in children growing up with more than two languages in contact. It provides in-depth accounts of the complexity and dynamics of early multilingualism by internationally renowned scholars who have researched typologically different languages in different continents. Chapters are divided into six thematic areas, following the trajectory, environment and conditions underlying the incipient and early stages of multilingual children's language development. The many facets of childhood multilingualism are approached from a range of perspectives, showcasing not only the challenges of multilingual education and child-rearing but also the richness in linguistic and cognitive development of these children from infancy to early schooling. It is essential reading for anyone interested in deepening their understanding of the multiple aspects of multilingualism, seen through the unique prism of children.
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10

Notebooks, Nora's Gifts. 100 Mandala for Nora: Adult Coloring Book , 100 UNIQUE MANDALAS Gift for Nora, World's Most Beautiful Mandalas for Stress Relief and Relaxation, Mandalas to Color for Nora. Independently Published, 2020.

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11

Vallier, Kevin. Must Politics Be War? Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190632830.001.0001.

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Americans are far less likely to trust their institutions, and one another, than in decades past. This collapse in social and political trust arguably inspires our increasingly ferocious ideological conflicts and hardened partisanship. Many believe that our previously high levels of trust and bipartisanship were a pleasant anomaly and that today we live under the historic norm. For politics itself is nothing more than a struggle for power between groups with irreconcilable aims. Contemporary American politics is war because political life as such is war. This book argues that our shared liberal democratic institutions have the unique capacity to sustain social and political trust between diverse persons. Constitutional rights and democratic governance prevent any one faith or ideology from dominating the rest, and so protect each person’s freedom to live according to her values and principles. Illiberal arrangements, where one group’s faith or ideology reigns, turn those who disagree into unwilling subversives, persons with little reason to trust their regime or to be trustworthy in obeying it. Liberal arrangements, in contrast, incentivize trust and trustworthiness because they protect the conscience of all, and so allow people with diverse and divergent ends to act from conviction. Diverse people become trustworthy because they can all obey the rules of their society without acting against their ideals. A liberal society is thereby one at moral peace with a politics that is not war.
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12

Ellemers, Naomi. Morality and Social Identity. Edited by Martijn van Zomeren and John F. Dovidio. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190247577.013.5.

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Moral norms and values are key features of human essence, that provide the standards against which behavior is evaluated. Some moral norms and values are universally endorsed (e.g., “do no harm”), others can be more specific (e.g., “eat no meat”). Professional, cultural or religious groups and communities often define their own unique system of moral norms that true group members are expected to adhere to. These are used to identify ‘proper’ group members, regulate the behavior of individuals, and sanction those who transgress them. This is functional to the extent that such guidelines help provide groups and their members with a unique and distinct social identity. Yet they can also constitute a source of social tension and intergroup conflict. This hallmark feature of human morality represents an important challenge to contemporary societies.
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13

Franko, William, and Christopher Witko. The New Economic Populism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671013.001.0001.

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While most observers and scholars of inequality focus on how the federal government has created, or at minimum failed to respond to, inequality, in this book Franko and Witko argue that this nearly exclusive emphasis on Washington, DC, is misplaced. The authors explain that this federal inaction in the face of emerging economic problems is the norm in American history because of the structure of American government and the ability of organized interests to prevent policy change in Washington. The states led the fight against new economic problems during the Progressive Era and Great Depression, and the authors argue that the states are once again leading the fight against growing inequality, a trend they call the “new economic populism.” In contrast to federal institutions and practices that encourage inactivity, because of the variation in state economic problems, public attitudes, government ideology, and political institutions, it is likely that at least some states will confront growing economic problems. Using a variety of unique data and evidence, the authors demonstrate that the public is cognizant of rising inequality and that this growing awareness is associated with more egalitarian political and policy changes, including greater government liberalism, higher minimum wages, and more progressive tax systems. In contrast to the prevailing pessimism regarding income inequality, the authors argue that if history is a guide, these incipient state actions to reduce inequality are likely to spread to other states and even the federal government in the coming decades.
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14

Kanie, Norichika, and Frank Biermann, eds. Governing through Goals. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035620.001.0001.

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In September 2015, the UN General Assembly adopted the Sustainable Development Goals as an integral part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The Sustainable Development Goals mark the most ambitious effort yet to place goal setting at the center of global governance and policy. This book is the first book addressing global governance through goals, asking three sets of questions. First, the book studies in detail the core characteristics of goal setting in global governance, asking when it is an appropriate strategy in global governance and what makes global governance through goals different from other approaches such as rule making or norm promotion. Second, the book analyze under what conditions a goal-oriented approach can ensure progress toward desired ends; what can be learned from other, earlier experiences of global goal setting, especially the Millennium Development Goals; and what governance arrangements are likely to facilitate progress in implementing the new Sustainable Development Goals. Third, the book studies the practical and operational challenges involved in global governance through goals in promoting sustainability and the prospects for achieving such a demanding new agenda. The book revealed that the approach of “global governance through goals”—and the Sustainable Development Goals as a prime example—is marked by a number of key characteristics, but none of those is specific to this type of governance. Yet all these characteristics together, in our view, amount to a unique and novel way of steering and distinct type of institutional arrangement in global governance.
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15

Short, Courtney A. Uniquely Okinawan. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288380.001.0001.

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This study explores the planning considerations of the United States military in formulating and implementing policy for the occupation of Okinawa from April 1945 to July 1946. American soldiers, Marines, and sailors on Okinawa encountered not only a Japanese enemy, but a large local population. The Okinawans were ethically different from the Japanese, yet Okinawa shared politics with Japan as a legal prefecture. When devising occupation policies, the United States military analyzed practical military considerations such as resources, weapons capability and terrain, as well as attempted to ascertain a conclusive definition of Okinawa’s relation to Japan through conscious, open, rational analysis of racial and ethnic identity. While the Marines held steadfast to the image of the enemy civilian, soldiers’ ideas about the race, ethnicity, and identity of the Okinawans evolved through their interactions with the civilians on the battlefield. As the population exhibited obedience and cooperation, the Army expressed feelings of kinship toward the civilians and reshaped its military government policies toward leniency. With the exception of the Marines, the U.S. military recognized the Okinawans as competent and civilized: a group that formed a distinct, separate, unique ethnic community that was neither American nor Japanese in its likeness. Considerations of race, ethnicity, and identity by the Americans deeply influenced the conduct of the occupation beyond practical concerns of resources and battlefield conditions. The mercurial nature of the identity of the Okinawans displays both the malleability of race and ethnicity and its centrality in occupation planning.
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16

Young, Alasdair R. Supplying Compliance with Trade Rules. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845610.001.0001.

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Trade agreements have become politicized because of public concerns that trade rules constrain regulatory decisions. How much international obligations constrain state behavior, however, is contested in the International Relations literature. This book seeks to explain whether, why, and how jurisdictions comply with inconvenient international obligations. It does so through detailed process tracing of European Union policies found incompatible with World Trade Organization rules: its ban on hormone-treated beef, its banana trade regime, its moratorium on the approval of genetically modified crops, its sugar export subsidies, and its anti-dumping duties on bed linen from India. It uses the adverse rulings as the “treatment” in a “natural experiment,” contrasting the policy-relevant politics before and after each ruling. The case studies are supplemented by a qualitative comparative analysis of all EU policies found to contravene WTO rules that had to be changed by the end of 2019. The book contributes to debates on the impact of international institutions, on the effectiveness of the WTO, and on the nature of the EU as an international actor. It argues that the preferences of policy makers (the “supply” of policy change) matter more than demands from societal actors in determining whether compliance occurs. It also argues that while policy change in response to adverse WTO rulings is the norm (good news for trade), WTO members do resist obligations that would compromise cherished policy objectives (good news for legitimacy). This volume contends that the EU’s compliance performance is like that of most WTO members; it is not a unique international actor.
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17

Møller, Jørgen, and Jonathan Stavnskær Doucette. The Catholic Church and European State Formation, AD 1000-1500. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192857118.001.0001.

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Abstract Generations of social scientists and historians have argued that the escape from empire and consequent fragmentation of power—across and within polities—was a necessary condition for the European development of the modern territorial state, modern representative democracy, and modern levels of prosperity. This book inserts the Catholic Church as the main engine of this persistent international and domestic power pluralism, which has moulded European state formation for almost a millennium. It argues that the ‘crisis of church and state’ that began in the second half of the eleventh century fundamentally reshaped European patterns of state formation and regime change. It did so by doing away with the norm in historical societies—sacral monarchy—and by consolidating the two great balancing acts European state-builders have been engaged in since the eleventh century: against strong social groups and against each other. The book traces the roots of this crisis to a large-scale breakdown of public authority in the Latin West, which began in the ninth century, and which at one and the same time incentivized and permitted a religious reform movement to radically transform the Catholic Church in the period from the late tenth century onwards. Drawing on a unique dataset of towns, parliaments, and ecclesiastical institutions such as bishoprics and monasteries, the book documents how this church reform movement was crucial for the development and spread of self-government (the internal balancing act) and the weakening of the Holy Roman Empire (the external balancing act) in the period AD 1000–1500.
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18

Grodofsky, Samuel, Meghan Lane-Fall, and Mark S. Weiss. Safety in Remote Locations. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199366149.003.0016.

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Non-operating room anesthesia (NORA) is increasingly prevalent and presents unique challenges to the anesthesiologist. NORA includes procedures performed by gastroenterologists, interventional cardiologists, interventional pulmonologists, radiologists, and surgeons. Members of the anesthesia team must maintain a level of vigilance in the specialized areas where these procedures are performed that is equal to that in a traditional operating room while making accommodations for specialized equipment and rapid turnover. Anesthetic techniques must be chosen so as not to interfere with the proceduralist’s ability to diagnose and treat the underlying problem. In order to ensure optimal safety standards in NORA settings, anesthesiologists should maintain open channels of communication with procedural staff and should become involved in the design and outfitting of NORA locations.
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19

DRAIN, D. A. N. Noom Diet: The Unique Delicious Cookbook on Health Nourishing Diet Recipes and Metabolic Regulatory Tips for Adequate Metabolism and Health. Independently Published, 2021.

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20

Christian, Deblock, ed. Du libre-échange à l'union politique: Le Canada dans l'Accord de libre-échange nord-américain, la France dans le marché unique. Paris, France: L'Harmattan, 1996.

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21

Mukherjee, Rohan. India’s International Development Program. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.13.

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Unlike many other aspects of its foreign policy, India’s international development program—or foreign aid, for short—displays a fairly stable pattern of continuity since independence. Although largely focused on South Asia, India has always given aid in some form to the rest of the developing world. Contrary to the claims of many analysts and Indian officials, India’s aid giving is neither unique nor uniquely attuned to developing country needs. Indian aid projects have largely served Delhi’s strategic interests, which used to be primarily military or diplomatic and since the 1980s are primarily economic. However, it is unclear to what extent aid has been effective in securing India’s foreign policy interests. In the final analysis, India’s aid program reflects the regional priorities of a rising power that is not yet able to buy the kind of influence it seeks.
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22

1950-, Mason T. David, and Turay Abdul M, eds. Japan, NAFTA and Europe: Trilateral cooperation or confrontation? Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994.

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23

Roseman, Mark. The Holocaust in European History. Edited by Nicholas Doumanis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695669.013.29.

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This chapter outlines some of the Holocaust’s fundamental causes and characteristics, and its parallels and contrasts with other genocides. It begins by reminding readers of the profound questioning and uncertainty about human progress that emerged in the wake of the experience of National Socialism and the Holocaust, as a result of which our relationship to the modern world has changed. It notes the continuing difficulty historians, social scientists, and others face in applying general models or frameworks to explain the Holocaust, despite a growing consensus that it is neither uniquely mysterious nor a unique event. It then identifies a series of causal moments—crisis, ideology and specifically anti-Semitism, participation, total war, imperialism, and collaboration—that provide entry points to understanding the Holocaust, and at the same time illustrate the ways it mirrors and diverges from other genocides and mega-murders. It concludes with one of the Holocaust’s most distinctive features—the scale and sophistication of victim chronicles of the event.
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24

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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25

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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26

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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27

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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28

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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29

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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30

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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31

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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32

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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33

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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34

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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35

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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36

Eleena, Lucy. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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37

leena, Chloé. Nora: Journal Intime, Carnet de Notes Avec Prénom Personnalisé ,110 Pages , Cadeau Unique Original et Sympathique d'anniversaire, Noël , San Valentin Ou Action de Grâces Pour Filles. Independently Published, 2021.

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38

Yetter-Chappell, Helen. Idealism Without God. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746973.003.0005.

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This chapter develops a novel non-theistic (quasi-)Berkeleyan idealism. The strategy is to peel away the attributes of God that aren’t essential for the role he plays in idealist metaphysics. Neither God’s desires, intentions, beliefs, nor his status as an agent is relevant to the metaphysical work he does in sustaining a robust reality. When we peel away these things, we’re left with a view on which reality is a vast unity of consciousness, weaving together sensory experiences into the familiar world around us. The chapter argues that if reality is fundamentally phenomenal in this way, we can give a unique account of perception that robustly captures direct realist intuitions of reality forming the ‘constituents’ of our experiences. The chapter assesses the unique virtues and challenges such a view faces, paying particular attention to the question of whether idealism entails a profligacy of physical laws.
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39

Solo-man, Joy Man Kit. This Personal Journal Belongs to Nora: Lined Notebook for First Family Name. Fun Ruled Journal for Custom Personalized Design. Unique Student Teacher Blank Composition Great for School Writing. Independently Published, 2020.

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40

Roughley, Neil, and Kurt Bayertz, eds. The Normative Animal? Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846466.001.0001.

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Humans, it is often claimed, are rational, linguistic, cultural, or moral creatures. What these characterizations may all have in common is the more fundamental claim that humans are normative animals, in the sense that they are creatures whose lives are structured at a fundamental level by their relationships to norms. The various capacities singled out by talk of rational, linguistic, cultural, or moral animals might then all essentially involve an orientation to obligations, permissions, and prohibitions. And, if this is so, then perhaps it is a basic susceptibility or proclivity to normative or deontic regulation of thought and behaviour that enables humans to develop the various specific features of their life form. This volume of new essays investigates the claim that humans are essentially normative animals in this sense. The contributors do so by looking at the nature and relations of three types of norms, or putative norms—social, moral, and linguistic—and asking whether they might all be different expressions of one basic structure unique to humankind. These questions are posed by philosophers, primatologists, behavioural biologists, psychologists, linguists, and cultural anthropologists, who have collaborated on this topic for many years. The contributors are committed to the idea that understanding normativity is a two-way process, involving a close interaction between conceptual clarification and empirical research.
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41

Edwards, George C. Why the Electoral College Is Bad for America. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243888.001.0001.

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This is the third edition of the definitive book on the unique system by which Americans choose a presidents, and why that system should be changed. It is a critique of the U.S. electoral college and includes a new chapter focusing on the 2016 election. The book examines the function of the electoral college during the 2016 presidential elections and argues that the electoral college did not work as it should have. The book claims that the electoral college distorted the electoral process and gave the candidates strong incentives to ignore most of the country. It did not guarantee victory to the candidate receiving the most votes, nor ensure national harmony, nor provide the winner a broad coalition and a mandate to govern. The book asserts that there is a need to focus directly and systematically on the core questions surrounding the electoral college and assess whether its role in American democracy is justified.
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42

Burns, Tom, and Mike Firn. Cultural sensitivity. Edited by Tom Burns and Mike Firn. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754237.003.0009.

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This chapter concentrates on ethnicity and the complex relationship with both economic disadvantage and mental health access and outcomes when working in culturally diverse communities. The social processes that underlie cultural norms in behaviour and beliefs are discussed with examples of how mental health community services must be alert to unconscious and other forms of discrimination. Understanding each unique individual in the context of their families, communities, shared history, and how they see the world around them is the core task for mental health workers. Implications for practice, team composition, and training are explored, including dealing with racism towards staff as well as from within services and institutions. The legal framework of the Equalities Act in the UK is used as a guide.
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43

Nagarajan, Chandramouli. Terminal care in haematological disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0292.

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Care of the terminally ill haematology patient presents a unique challenge, due to the complexity of treatment decisions in an era of newly developing therapeutic options, and the speed of change in patient’s condition from a potentially curable to a terminal phase. Terminal illness is defined as progressive disease for which curative treatment is neither possible nor appropriate and from which death is inevitable, although this may not be impending and the prognosis can vary from a few days to many months. The focus of this chapter is to try and bring together various palliative treatment options that should be made available to this cohort of patients with terminal disease.
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44

Duignan, Peter, and L. H. Gann. Contemporary Europe and the Atlantic Alliance: A Political History. Blackwell Publishing Limited, 1997.

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45

Duignan, Peter, and L. H. Gann. Contemporary Europe and the Atlantic Alliance: A Political History. Blackwell Publishing Limited, 1997.

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46

Moore, Daniel. Offensive Cyber Operations. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197657553.001.0001.

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Abstract Cyber-warfare is often discussed, but rarely truly seen. When does an intrusion turn into an attack, and what does that entail? How do nations fold offensive cyber operations into their strategies? Operations against networks mostly occur to collect intelligence, in peacetime. Understanding the lifecycle and complexity of targeting adversary networks is key to doing so effectively in conflict. Rather than discussing the spectre of cyber war, Daniel Moore seeks to observe the spectrum of cyber operations. By piecing together operational case studies, military strategy and technical analysis, he shows that modern cyber operations are neither altogether unique, nor entirely novel. Offensive cyber operations are the latest incarnation of intangible warfare--conflict waged through non-physical means, such as the information space or the electromagnetic spectrum. Not all offensive operations are created equal. Some are slow-paced, clandestine infiltrations requiring discipline and patience for a big payoff; others are short-lived attacks meant to create temporary tactical disruptions. This book first seeks to understand the possibilities, before turning to look at some of the most prolific actors: the United States, Russia, China and Iran. Each has their own unique take, advantages and challenges when attacking networks for effect.
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Podder, Sukanya. Peacebuilding Legacy. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192863980.001.0001.

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Abstract A fundamental challenge plagues the global peacebuilding community. How can technocratic approaches to peacebuilding that are rooted in short-term, project-based execution of activities further the longer-term transformative outcomes like altering young people’s attitudes and beliefs about peace and violence? In response to this global challenge, in Peacebuilding Legacies, Sukanya Podder addresses an important gap relating to the long-term effects of peacebuilding programmes involving children and young people. Podder unpacks the concept of peacebuilding legacy through the lens of time, transformation, and intergenerational peace. Podder also develops unique qualitative cues for measuring legacy in terms of the institutional, normative, and organizational logics. If norms resonate strongly with the local context, they are likely to encourage strong retention and meaningful adoption over time. Successful institutionalization of project models through planned handover to successor national organizations or government departments holds the key to stronger local ownership. Organizational learning and reflection can support this process through a more strategic approach to programming and through post-exit studies. With regard to attitude change, Podder found that the media and peace education projects that targeted individuals’ ingrained beliefs and values but overlooked the role of group social norms had only limited persuasive effects. To shift the values, practices, norms, and beliefs of the younger generation, the mindset of the older generation must also be targeted. Changes in the legal, political, economic, and other social institutions are critical for long-term and meaningful transformation. This requires adopting an ecological model of peace.
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Bond, Sarah E. The Corrupting Sea. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198809975.003.0004.

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The chapter focuses on a period that has often been described in terms of a moral and institutional decline. It interrogates both legal and literary sources pertaining to imperial Roman administration, and asks to what extent do they offer evidence of increasing corruption or merely greater awareness of its debilitating effects. In addition, it also explores the extent to which the rhetoric of corruption itself can be seen as an anticorruption tactic on the part of some elites, with the power to shape norms outside the formal remit of the law. Ultimately, what it shows is that, though corruption may not have been a problem unique to the later Roman Empire, the array and severity of anticorruption tactics introduced during this period do distinguish it from previous eras of Roman history.
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Huang, Yukon. Emerging Economic, Social, and Political Tensions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630034.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses how China’s economic transformation, supported by its decentralized system of governance, has affected social outcomes and prospects for political liberalization. China’s development path differs from the usual norms. Its impressive growth has been facilitated by a unique decentralized administrative system that has incentivized officials to promote growth and maintain political stability. Rapid growth, however, has not spared China from increasing unrest over widening income disparities, environmental degradation, and social and political tensions, thus raising concerns about the need for systemic reforms in governance. Concerns about economic and political sustainability have intensified recently with corruption being highlighted as threatening the legitimacy of the Communist Party. The new leadership has reiterated a commitment to further economic reforms, but the political system appears to be stuck in a time warp.
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Moyn, Samuel. Human Rights in Heaven. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198713258.003.0004.

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This chapter inquires into the value of philosophical debates about human rights for those interested in international and transnational human rights politics. At a minimum, the goal is to insist that philosophers have an honest answer to what broader purposes they are serving when they bring their unique skills to a fraught global debate—and what risks of their own they incur given the temptation of falling back on their talents for affirming normativity and clarifying norms rather than explaining what the rest of us do with them in a complex world of passion and force. Slightly more boldly, the point is to call for an alternative version of philosophy—including an alternative philosophy of human rights—that embraces the situation that outsiders acknowledge as an unavoidable condition: caught in the rough and tumble or outright strife of politics, in a historically constituted world, that even philosophy cannot escape.
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