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Journal articles on the topic 'Unipolar'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

Hazarika, Jyoti, Kamal N. Kalita, Mohan Sharma, Shilpi Saikia, Priyanka Patangia, Pranabjyoti Hazarika, and Anil C. Sarmah. "Thyroid profile in depression: a cross-sectional study from North-East India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170663.

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Background: Thyroid function disorder is a common feature in depression, with mixed type of response. Some cases are associated with hyperthyroidism and most commonly hypothyroidism. Unipolar and bipolar depressions are also related differently in consideration to thyroid status. This study comprises of assessment of the thyroid disorder prevalence in depressive patients and comparative analysis among unipolar and bipolar groups.Methods: Study consisted of 161 unipolar and 160 bipolar cases of depression as diagnosed by ICD 10 criteria supported by MINI. Thyroid profiling was done against common thyroid hormones TSH, T3, T4 and FT4 by standard method.Results: Gender wise males were dominant with majority in bipolar group in the younger age group. Most of the cases were normal with few hyperthyroid and hypothyroid cases. Bipolar group comprised the majority of overt hyperthyroid, overt hypothyroid and subclinical hyperthyroid cases, whereas unipolars were more in the subclinical hypothyroid category.Conclusions: This study concludes that differences exist in the thyroid response among the unipolar and bipolar depression group, more prominent numbers of hypothyroidism in unipolar group.

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2

Bauwens, F., A. Tracy, D. Pardoen, M. Vander Elst, and J. Mendlewicz. "Social Adjustment of Remitted Bipolar and Unipolar Out-patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 2 (August 1991): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.2.239.

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Various areas of social adjustment were compared using the Social Adjustment Scale in 27 remitted bipolars, 24 remitted unipolars and 25 normal controls matched for age and sex. Scores for global adjustment and for social and leisure activities were significantly worse in patients than in controls. The maladjustment in social and leisure activities appeared only in ‘contact with friends' for bipolar patients and ‘diminished social interactions' for unipolar patients. Unipolar patients differed significantly from controls on the items investigating sexual adjustment. In unipolars, social maladjustment seemed to be independent of the course of the disease; in bipolars, it was partly related to the mean number of lifetime episodes and current residual symptoms.

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Murphy, Denis, Robert Gardner, John F. Greden, and Bernard J. Carroll. "Lymphocyte numbers in endogenous depression." Psychological Medicine 17, no. 2 (May 1987): 381–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700024934.

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SynopsisThe blood counts of 80 patients with depression were examined (50 unipolar, 30 bipolar). Many had reduced numbers of circulating lymphocytes. This abnormality was more common in the unipolar group (52%) than in the bipolar group (27%). When those patients with an abnormal dexamethasone suppression test response in both groups were compared, the relative and absolute lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in unipolars. Although cortisol hypersecretion may reduce lymphocyte numbers it is not yet clear whether the findings can be satisfactorily explained in this way.

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4

Monteiro, Nuno P. "Unrest Assured: Why Unipolarity Is Not Peaceful." International Security 36, no. 3 (January 2012): 9–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00064.

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The United States has been at war for thirteen of the twenty-two years since the Cold War ended and the world became unipolar. Still, the consensual view among international relations theorists is that unipolarity is peaceful. They base this view on two assumptions: first, the unipole will guarantee the global status quo and, second, no state will balance against it. Both assumptions are problematic. First, the unipole may disengage from a particular region, thus removing constraints on regional conflicts. Second, if the unipole remains engaged in the world, those minor powers that decide not to accommodate it will be unable to find a great power sponsor. Placed in this situation of extreme self-help, they will try to revise the status quo in their favor, a dynamic that is likely to trigger conflict with the unipole. Therefore, neither the structure of a unipolar world nor U.S. strategic choices clearly benefit the overall prospects for peace. For the world as a whole, unipolarity makes conflict likely. For the unipole, it presents a difficult choice between disengagement and frequent conflict. In neither case will the unipole be able to easily convert its power into favorable outcomes peacefully.

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Walt, Stephen M. "Alliances in a Unipolar World." World Politics 61, no. 1 (December 18, 2008): 86–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887109000045.

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Unipolarity is a novel condition in world politics, and its effects on international alliances have yet to receive sustained theoretical attention. Tracing its impact requires a careful distinction between the purely structural features common to any unipolar system and the unique characteristics of the current unipole (the United States) or the policies undertaken by particular U.S. leaders (such as George W. Bush). In general, the unipole will enjoy greater freedom of action and be less dependent on allied support, enabling it to rely more readily on ad hoc “coalitions of the willing.” Lesser powers will be concerned about the concentration of power held by the unipole, but they will also face larger barriers to concerted action to contain it. Hard balancing against the unipole will be unlikely—unless the unipole begins a major effort to expand—but lesser powers will engage in soft balancing to contain the latter's influence. Medium powers may pursue alliances with others in order to reduce dependence on the unipole, but weaker states are likely to ally with the unipole in order to use its power against local security challenges. Bandwagoning will remain rare even under unipolarity, but disputes over burden sharing and alliance leadership will continue. Weaker states will prefer multilateral arrangements that enhance their own influence, while the unipole will prefer bilateral or ad hoc coalitions of the willing that it can more readily dominate.

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6

Pardoen, D., F. Bauwens, A. Tracy, F. Martin, and J. Mendlewicz. "Self-esteem in Recovered Bipolar and Unipolar Out-patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 6 (December 1993): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.6.755.

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The hypothesis of a low self-esteem in depressive patients was tested using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 24 recovered unipolar and 27 recovered bipolar patients, compared with a normal control group of 26 subjects matched for age and sex. The hypothesis was confirmed only for unipolars; bipolar patients presented a self-esteem score not significantly different from normal scores. Self-esteem was not related to clinical characteristics of the affective disorder, suggesting that low self-esteem may be a basic component of a depression-prone personality. The investigation of the relationship between self-esteem and social adjustment confirmed the presence of social conformism in bipolar patients and rigidly set low self-esteem in unipolar patients. These results should stimulate the evaluation of different psychotherapeutic treatments in the long-term psychosocial management of affectively ill patients.

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7

Nedospasov, A. V., V. G. Petrov, and N. M. Zykova. "Unipolar Arcs." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 13, no. 5 (1985): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.1985.4316414.

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8

Gutman, Sharon A., and Janet L. Haynes. "Unipolar Depression." Occupational Therapy in Mental Health 18, no. 2 (March 2002): 45–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j004v18n02_04.

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9

Calleo, David P. "Unipolar Illusions." Survival 49, no. 3 (October 2007): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396330701564729.

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10

Skidelsky, Robert. "Unipolar Disorder." Survival 52, no. 1 (February 3, 2010): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00396331003612539.

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11

PAVRI, BEHZAD B., REGINALD T. HO, VIKAS PATEL, DAVID J. CALLANS, SHANE FOLEY, and DUSAN Z. KOCOVIC. "Unipolar Defibrillator?" Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 24, no. 2 (February 2001): 244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.00244.x.

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12

Ahmed, Muhammad Jawad, Maryam Shahid, Muhammad Hammad Ahmed, and Bilal Nazarq. "INTRACAPSULAR FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 09 (September 10, 2018): 1317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.09.60.

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Objectives: To compare of functional outcomes in terms of post-operativemobility for unipolar versus bipolar un-cemented hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients withdisplaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial.Setting: Department of Orthopedics Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Period: April 2015to October 2016. Methodology: Sample size is (calculated by taking n6 =138, confidenceinterval 95, power of study 80, P1= 33%, P2=13%) 69 in each group. Sampling technique usedwas non probability consecutive sampling. All patients who meet the inclusion criteria presentingto orthopedic unit of Nishtar Hospital Multan with fracture neck of femur were selected for study.Patients were divided into two groups randomly by lottery method and enrolled for unipolaror bipolar hemiarthroplasty. Chi-square test was used to compare outcome variable in bothgroups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Effect modifiers like age andsex was controlled by stratification. Chi square test was applied to see significant difference.Results: Overall, there were 100% (n=138) patients in this study, both genders. The mean ageof the patients was 66.35±4.29 years. (Range: 60 to 80years)Mean age and SD of group A (nowalking aid) was 54.52 ± 3.10 and in group B (walking aid) 54.99 ± 3.19. Time up go score wasnoted as successful 33.3% (n=46) and 66.7% (n=92) as unsuccessful. Walking aid was notedin 65.2% (n=90) patients. Functional outcome was noted as good in 26.8% (n=37) patientsand noted as bad in 73.2% (n=101) patients. Out of 100% (n=38) patients, good outcomewas 26.3% (n=10) unipolar and 73.7% (n=28) bipolar. Out of 100% (n=100) Bad outcomewas 59% unipolar and bipolar 41%. Conclusion: Functional outcome in term of mobility isbetter in case of bipolar prosthesis as compared to unipolar. Thus in our conclusion bipolarprosthesis is preferred procedure as compared to unipolar hemiarthroplasty in treating patientswith displaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture.

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13

Perris, Carlo, W. A. Arrindell, Hjördis Perris, Martin Eisemann, J. van der Ende, and Lars von Knorring. "Perceived Depriving Parental Rearing and Depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 148, no. 2 (February 1986): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.148.2.170.

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Four groups of depressed patients 47 unipolars, 21 bipolars, 34 with neurotic-reactive depression, and 39 with unspecified depressive disorder completed, after recovery, the EMBU, a Swedish instrument aimed at assessing the experience of parental rearing practices. The results for three factors: “rejection”, “emotional warmth” and “over-protection” and the global judgement scores of “severity” and “consistency” in rearing attitudes were compared with those obtained from 205 healthy individuals. Depressed patients, particularly in the unipolar unspecified groups rated both parents lower than the controls on emotional warmth. Patients tended also to rate their parents as less consistent in their rearing attitudes. The variables emotional warmth and overprotection allowed 64% of the patients and 72 of the unipolar depressives to be classified correctly. These results, like those of previous studies, support the hypothesis that deprivation of love during childhood represents an important psychological risk factor in the background of depressive disorders.

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Menezes, Itiana Castro, and Mário Francisco Juruena. "Diagnosis of unipolar and bipolar depressions and their specifiers." Medicina (Ribeirao Preto. Online) 50, supl1. (February 4, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7262.v50isupl1.p64-71.

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Depressão é um doença comum, recorrente e crônica, que acomete o organismo do indivíduo como um todo, afetando o humor, as funções cognitivas, neuroendócrinas e outros sistemas do organismo, prejudicando o bem-estar pessoal, social e laboral. A depressão é multifatorial (etiologia intrínseca e extrínseca) e heterogênea, pois, além de unipolar ou bipolar, existem especificadores (subtipos) de depressão, cada um contendo particulares em sua sintomatologia. A presente revisão visa abordar as depressões unipolares e bipolares, assim como alguns de seus especificadores, apresentando suas características, crité- rios diagnósticos, epidemiologia, comorbidades associadas e etiologia; também apresentando a importância de ser feito e como pode ser feito o diagnóstico diferencial entre as depressões unipolares e bipolares

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Finnemore, Martha. "Legitimacy, Hypocrisy, and the Social Structure of Unipolarity." World Politics 61, no. 1 (December 18, 2008): 58–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887109000082.

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Despite preponderant power, unipoles often do not get their way. Why? Scholars interested in polarity and the systemic structures determined by the distribution of power have largely focused on material power alone, but the structure of world politics is as much social as it is material. In this article the author explores three social mechanisms that limit unipolar power and shape its possible uses. The first involves legitimation. To exercise power effectively, unipoles must legitimate it and in the act of legitimating their power, it must be diffused since legitimation lies in the hands of others. The second involves institutionalization. A common way to legitimate power is to institutionalize it. Institutionalizing power in rational-legal authorities fundamentally transforms it, however. Once in place, institutions, laws, and rules have powers and internal logics of their own that unipoles find difficult to control. The third relates to hypocrisy. The social structures of legitimation and insti tutionalization do more than simply diffuse power away from the unipole; they create incentives for hypocrisy. Hypocrisy is a double-edged sword for unipoles. On the one hand, unrestrained hypocrisy by unipoles undermines the legitimacy of their power. On the other hand, judicious hypocrisy can provide crucial strategies for melding ideals and interests. Indeed, honoring social ideals or principles in the breach can have long-lasting political effects, as decades of U.S. hypocrisy about democratization and human rights suggest.

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16

Krauthammer, Charles. "The Unipolar Moment." Foreign Affairs 70, no. 1 (1990): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20044692.

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17

Opjordsmoen, Stein. "Unipolar Delusional Depression." Psychopathology 24, no. 5 (1991): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000284724.

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18

Mukherjee, M., and R. W. Tucker. "Relativistic unipolar induction." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 22, no. 17 (September 7, 1989): 3467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/22/17/013.

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19

Ayoob, Mohammed, and Matthew Zierler. "The Unipolar Concert." World Policy Journal 22, no. 1 (2005): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07402775-2005-2001.

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20

Riemann, K. U., and L. Tsendin. "Unipolar ion sheath." Journal of Applied Physics 90, no. 11 (December 2001): 5487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1413953.

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21

Symonds, Catherine, and Ian M. Anderson. "Unipolar depressive disorders." Medicine 44, no. 11 (November 2016): 654–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2016.08.013.

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22

Gielen, H. J. G., and D. C. Schram. "Unipolar arc model." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 18, no. 1 (1990): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.45515.

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23

Hosang, Georgina M., Ania Korszun, Lisa Jones, Ian Jones, Peter McGuffin, and Anne E. Farmer. "Life-event specificity: bipolar disorder compared with unipolar depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 201, no. 6 (December 2012): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.111047.

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BackgroundLittle is known about the impact of different types of stressful events (for example divorcev.bereavement) on unipolar depression compared with bipolar disorder. Inconsistencies exist concerning the association between independent events (beyond an individual's control, such as bereavement) and bipolar disorder.AimsTo examine the role of specific, independent and dependent events in mood disorders.MethodLife-event information was collected from 512 people with bipolar disorder, 1448 people with unipolar depression and over 600 controls.ResultsVarious events were associated with unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, but some event specificity was detected. For example, financial crisis was more strongly related to bipolar disorder rather than unipolar depression. Independent events were only related to unipolar depression and not bipolar disorder.ConclusionsThe events that were linked to bipolar disorder and unipolar depression were similar. Independent events were not associated with bipolar episodes, suggesting that life stress may be a consequence of, rather than a trigger for, bipolar episodes.

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Diniz, Eugenio. "Relacionamentos multilaterais na unipolaridade: uma discussão teórica realista." Contexto Internacional 28, no. 2 (December 2006): 505–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-85292006000200005.

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Examina-se em que medida e em que condições relacionamentos multilaterais podem ser relevantes no contexto de um sistema unipolar e, em particular, em que medida e em que condições esses relacionamentos podem influenciar o comportamento do único pólo do sistema. O artigo começa distinguindo um sistema internacional unipolar de um sistema estritamente hegemônico. A partir daí, identifica como variável-chave do sistema o comportamento de uma Potência Unipolar, e estabelece as bases teóricas desse comportamento, ou seja, sua Grande Estratégia ideal - abstrata, não descritiva -, como parâmetro de avaliação. Em seguida, estabelece as bases teóricas das possibilidades de sustentação dessa Grande Estratégia ideal, ou seja, a Política de Sustentação Grande-Estratégica ideal da Potência Unipolar. Das necessidades intrínsecas de cada uma, decorrem: (a) a análise teórica da utilidade de relacionamentos multilaterais do ponto de vista da Potência Unipolar; (b) a análise teórica do poder de barganha dos demais atores internacionais em face da Potência Unipolar no âmbito desses relacionamentos; (c) a análise teórica da utilidade de aliados críticos, concretos e potenciais para a Potência Unipolar; e (d) a análise teórica do poder de barganha de aliados críticos, concretos e potenciais, em face da Potência Unipolar. Com base nessas quatro análises, estabelecem-se as condições teóricas das variações na relevância desses relacionamentos multilaterais no sistema unipolar, bem como seus limites teóricos. A análise mostrará que, a partir das próprias premissas de alguns autores realistas, e respeitados aqueles limites, relacionamentos multilaterais têm o potencial de serem mais relevantes do que esses autores geralmente consideram, mas não são indispensáveis; desrespeitados aqueles limites, podem se tornar irrelevantes.

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Peters, Bjoern, Oliver Miera, Peter Ewert, Sevim Yilmaz, Felix Berger, and Boris Schmitt. "Feasibility of customised unipolar conversion using bipolar temporary pacing wires in patients after surgical repair of congenital heart disease." Cardiology in the Young 24, no. 4 (August 20, 2013): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951113000802.

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AbstractObjective: Temporary pacing wires play a crucial role in the diagnosis and therapy of post-operative arrhythmia after surgery for congenital heart disease. At present, bipolar pacing wires are used in most institutions. In case of functional failure of these wires, a unipolar mode of stimulation and sensing should be theoretically possible as a rescue procedure. Methods: We tested the feasibility of the customised unipolar mode in 18 post-operative patients with congenital heart disease (age 9.2 ± 13.9 months, weight 6.3 ± 3.8 kg, and cardiopulmonary bypass time 70 ± 29 minutes). As there are two possible unipolar configurations, there are twice the number of testing parameters; of those, we compared sensing (mV) and pacing thresholds (V at 0.5 ms). Results: Atrial sensing was significantly better in the unipolar modes (p < 0.001, p < 0.003). The ventricular unipolar sensing did not differ significantly in the “better” of the two possible configurations from the bipolar values (p = 0.363). For the unipolar pacing thresholds, only the “better” unipolar configuration did not differ significantly from the bipolar measurements (atrial: p = 0.058, ventricular: p = 0.138). There was no exit block or undersensing. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that unipolar stimulation and sensing using bipolar epicardial temporary pacing wires is feasible. In the case of failure of bipolar temporary pacing wires, this modality represents an easy rescue measure that in such cases should always be considered.

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Shulman, Kenneth I., and Mauricio Tohen. "Unipolar Mania Reconsidered: Evidence from an Elderly Cohort." British Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 4 (April 1994): 547–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.4.547.

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Earlier studies have failed to differentiate the unipolar manic subtype from bipolar patients with both manic and depressive episodes. This retrospective cohort study of 50 elderly manic in-patients identified six patients (12%) who met strict criteria for a course of unipolar mania. Significant differences emerged in age at onset, with a mean of 41.2 years for unipolar mania compared with 64.7 years for the others. Consequently, clinical course was significantly longer, 27.7 v. 7.4 years. Elderly patients pursuing a unipolar manic course are among the very few elderly ‘bipolars’ whose illness begins early in life. Recent neuroradiological investigations and data from geriatric studies suggest that the concept of unipolar mania is worthy of further investigation.

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Smith, Daniel J., and Nick Craddock. "Unipolar and bipolar depression: different or the same?" British Journal of Psychiatry 199, no. 4 (October 2011): 272–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.092726.

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SummaryThe diagnostic boundary between recurrent unipolar depression and bipolar disorder may not be clear-cut and, further, the symptoms of unipolar depression compared with bipolar depression (although similar) are subtly different. Here we review the potential implications for clinical practice and research of new thinking about the relationship between recurrent unipolar depression and bipolar disorder.

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Wardhani, Dyah. "UNIPOLAR DEPRESSION TO BIPOLAR DISORDER CONVERSION." Journal of Psychiatry Psychology and Behavioral Research 3, no. 1 (March 26, 2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jppbr.2022.003.01.6.

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Bipolar disorder cases have increased compared to a decade ago. It is thought that this increase is the result of a high number of bipolar patients who were not recognized early on because bipolar and unipolar depression is difficult to distinguish from one another. In addition, this problem also gave rise to the hypothesis that unipolar depression could develop into bipolar disorder. Therefore, the diagnosis conversion of unipolar depresion into bipolar disorder and its predictor needs to be studied further. Literature review by using several literatures between 2011-2021 that discuss about unipolar depresion, bipolar disorder, diagnosis conversion, and factors that influence the conversion of unipolar depression diagnosis into bipolar disorder. Diagnosis of unipolar depression can turn into bipolar disorder. This may be due to failure to differentiate unipolar and bipolar depressive episodes, strict diagnostic criteria, failure to recognize history of hypomania/mania, or due to the genuine progression of the disorders. This problem leads to the provision of inappropriate therapy for patients that trigger disease progression and worsen the prognosis. One of the anticipations that can be done is to explore the presence of conversion predictor factor. It includes the age of onset <25 years, bipolar family history, patient’s course of depression (high recurrence, short duration, moderate to severe depression, hypersomnia, psychomotor retardation, psychosis symptoms, postpartum depression), resistance to antidepressants, antidepressant-induced hypomania/mania, and the presence of subthreshold mania. If these factors are found, the patient should be closely monitored and therapy adjustment may be required. Keywords: bipolar disorder, conversion, predictor, unipolar depression.

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Peng, Zhi Jing, Ying Chen, and Xue Yuan Nie. "Corrosion Properties of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Ceramic Coatings on an A356 Alloy Tested in an Ethanol-Gasoline Fuel (E85) Medium." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.774.

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Ceramic oxide coatings were prepared on an aluminum A356 alloy by a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique under unipolar, bipolar and duplex unipolar/bipolar current modes. Cross-sectional morphologies of the coatings were studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The corrosion behavior of the coated and uncoated samples was evaluated in ethanol-gasoline E85 fuels through potentiodynamic polarization and zero resistance ammeter (ZRA) testing methods. The results indicated that all the coatings had a better corrosion resistance compared to the uncoated substrate. The unipolar current mode created the PEO coating with a thicker coating microstructure and thus a better corrosion resistance, compared to a bipolar current mode. The duplex treatments of unipolar/bipolar or bipolar/unipolar current modes produced the best performance of the coatings against galvanic corrosions caused by a steel/Al coupling in the E85 fuel medium.

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Enatescu, V. R. "The Influence of Clinical and Socio-Demographical Characteristics on Medical Co-Morbidity Occurrence in Unipolar Depressive Individuals." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70871-5.

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Aims/Objectives:Our main purpose was to examine the clinical and socio-demographical influencing factors that play a significant role to medical co-morbidity occurrences in unipolar depressives.Methods:We performed two types of clinical studies, one longitudinal retrospective study on 248 unipolar depressives admitted in our Clinic during 2001 - 2005 and second represented by a cross-sectional study on 45 inpatients and outpatients that had meet diagnostic criteria of unipolar depression according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV.Results:Socio-demographical factors that concurring to medical co-morbidity in unipolar depressives were represented by advanced current age and low educational level. Interestingly, the total duration of unipolar depression was not significant correlated with medical co-morbidity. A positive familial history of depression was correlated with a significant higher risk for coronary hearth diseases (depressives - average=0.443, S.D. =0.652; bipolars+delusionals - average=0.252, S.D.=0.499; t=2,665, p=0.008). Cluster C personality traits have had higher risk of cardiovasculare diseases (p=0.024). Inversely, in cross-sectional research those who met diagnostic criteria for cluster A and/or B personality disorders have had significant higher risk to develop medical co-morbidity. The higher level of co-existing anxiety, both as a trait as well as a state, was correlated with medical co-morbidity of unipolar depression. Surprisingly, in both type of studies, the severity of depression was not significant correlated with the extension of medical co-morbidity. Unipolar depressives were more prone to use dysfunctional copings as psychoactive substance use.Conclusions:Both clinical and socio-demographical data profiles could give us some valuable informations in predicting medical co-morbidity in unipolar depressives.

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Ikenberry, G. John, Michael Mastanduno, and William C. Wohlforth. "Unipolarity, State Behavior, and Systemic Consequences." World Politics 61, no. 1 (December 18, 2008): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004388710900001x.

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The United States emerged from the 1990s as an unrivaled global power to become a “unipolar” state. This extraordinary imbalance has triggered global debate. Governments and peoples around the world are struggling to understand to how an American-centered unipolar system operates—and to respond to it. What is the character of domination in a unipolar distribution? To what extent can a unipolar state translate its formidable capabilities into meaningful influence? Will a unipolar world be built around rules and institutions or be based more on the unilateral exercise of unipolar power? Scholars too are asking these basic questions about unipolarity and international relations theory. The individual contributions develop hypotheses and explore the impact of unipolarity on the behavior of the dominant state, on the reactions of other states, and on the properties of the international system. Collectively, they find that unipolarity does have a profound impact on international politics. international relations under conditions of unipolarity force a rethinking of conventional and received understandings about the operation of the balance of power, the meaning of alliance partnerships, the logic of international economic cooperation, the relationship between power and legitimacy, and the behavior of satisfied and revisionist states.

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Архипов, Р. М., М. В. Архипов, and Н. Н. Розанов. "Сравнение воздействия униполярных полуцикловых и резонансных многоцикловых электромагнитных импульсов на квантовые системы." Оптика и спектроскопия 130, no. 7 (2022): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2022.07.52727.3318-22.

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It is shown that not only multicycle resonant pulses with zero electric area, but also nonresonant unipolar pulses can be used to efficiently excite quantum transitions in a medium. Arguments are presented in favor of the advantages of unipolar pulses for excitation of quantum systems in comparison with resonant radiation. A simple relationship has been found showing that in order to compare the effects of unipolar half-cycle and resonant multicycle pulses on atomic systems. It shows that it is necessary to compare the electric area of a unipolar pulse and the area of the envelope of a bipolar pulse, rather than their energies.

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Eya, Candidus U., Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Sepiribo Lucky Braide, S. B. Goyal, Victor Adewale Owoeye, and Oluwafunso Oluwole Osaloni. "Assessment of Total Harmonic Distortion in Buck-Boost DC-AC Converters using Triangular Wave and Saw-Tooth based Unipolar Modulation Schemes." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 17 (November 8, 2022): 324–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2022.17.33.

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This paper presents an assessment of the levels of total harmonic distortion (THD) in buck-boost DC-AC converters using triangular wave and saw-tooth unipolar based-modulation schemes. This paper seeks to identify a better technique for mitigating the total harmonic distortion on buck-boost DC-AC converters under unipolar carrier-based modulation schemes. This was achieved by subjecting the buck-boost DC-AC converter under triangular wave-based and saw-tooth based-unipolar modulation schemes. The voltage and current output of the buck- boost DC-AC converter under each scheme was analysed using a power GUI Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analytical tool resident in the MATLAB Simulink environment unlike with the conventional scheme of computing the percentage of THD. The test system was obtained by a combination of DC-DC buck-boost converter, H-bridge based-insulated unipolar gate transistors, and a logic control unit. It was realized that THD of 0.2865%, peak output voltage of 294.1V and current of 9.805A were obtained by using the saw-tooth based-unipolar modulation scheme, whereas a THD of 0.1479%, peak output voltage of 297.4V and current of 9.53A were obtained by using the triangular wave based-bipolar modulation scheme on the same Buck-boost DC-AC converter circuit. The results imply a high power factor utilization and low power loss in the triangular wave based-unipolar modulation scheme compared to the saw-tooth based-unipolar modulation technique for improving the performance characteristics of the buck-boost converter system. This study showed that power drives and heavy load machines based-power electrical loads are required to use the saw-tooth based-unipolar modulation (STBUM) scheme for high current and low THD%, whereas sensitive power electrical loads such as hospital equipment and communication industries based-power electronic devices are required to use the triangular wave-based unipolar modulation (TWBUM) scheme due to low current and THD%.

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Saputra, Eko, Iwan Budiwan Anwar, Rifky Ismail, J. Jamari, and Emile van der Heide. "Study of Unipolar and Bipolar Hip Prostheses Using Finite Element Simulation: Contact Stress Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 739 (June 2017): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.739.96.

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One of phenomena which cannot be avoided in the hip prosthesis due to sliding contact as a product of human activity is wear on the surface of contact interaction Wear in the bipolar model is more complicated than the unipolar model. There are two contact interaction in the bipolar model, while the unipolar model has only one contact interaction. Wear on the liner and cup surfaces of the bipolar model itself can be early estimated by investigation the contact stresses due to their contact interactions. The contact stress on the liner surface of unipolar model can be estimated using analytical method. However, the estimation of contact stress on the liner and cup surface of the bipolar model using analytical method still need to consider. The aiming of this paper is to study the contact stresses on the liner and cup surfaces in the bipolar model of hip prosthesis using the finite element simulation. There are three model of hip prostheses which are simulated in this research, i.e. the unipolar, bipolar and big head unipolar models. The result showed that the maximum contact stress on the liner surface of bipolar model is higher than the unipolar model. The maximum contact stress on the cup surface of the bipolar model is lower than the big head unipolar model. Based on this results, it can be concluded that the contact stress on the liner and cup surfaces of the bipolar model cannot be estimated using analytical method.

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Sharma, Verinder, Dwight Mazmanian, Emmanuel Persad, and Karen Kueneman. "A Comparison of Comorbid Patterns in Treatment-Resistant Unipolar and Bipolar Depression." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 5 (June 1995): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379504000509.

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Objective To examine the occurrence of concomitant psychiatric disorders in patients with treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression. Method Forty-nine patients participated as subjects. Twenty-four (49%) had unipolar depression and 25 (51%) had bipolar depression using DSM-III-R criteria. Structured clinical interviews were conducted with all patients. Chart reviews and interviews with family members were also carried out. Information relating to both current and lifetime diagnoses was obtained. Results Of the entire sample, 75.5% were found to have at least one other Axis I diagnosis and 46.9% had at least two additional Axis I diagnoses. The unipolar group had significantly more current comorbid diagnoses. When type of diagnoses was examined, unipolar patients had significantly more anxiety diagnoses at the time of the index episode, and over their entire lifetime. Bipolar patients had significantly more lifetime substance abuse diagnoses. Conclusions Axis I comorbidity appears to be differentially associated with treatment resistance in unipolar and bipolar depression.

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Bhukya, Ravikumar, and P. Satish Kumar. "Analysis and Implementation of Unipolar PWM Strategies for Three Phase Cascade Multilevel Inverter Fed Induction Motor Drive." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v7.i3.pp245-254.

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This paper presents unipolar pulse width modulation technique with sinusoidal sampling pulse width modulation are analyzed for three-phase five-level, seven-level, nine-level and eleven-level cascaded multi-level inverter. The unipolar PWM method offers a good opportunity for the realization of the Three-phase inverter control, it is better to use the unipolar PWM method with single carrier wave compared to two reference waves. In such case the motor harmonic losses will be considerably lower.The necessary calculations for generation of unipolar pulse width modulation strategies have presented in detail. The unipolar SPWM voltage switching scheme is selected in this paper because this method offers the advantages of effectively doubling the switching frequency of the inverter voltage. The cascaded multi level inverter fed induction motor is simulated and compared the total harmonic distroction for all level (five-level, seven-level, nine-level and elevel-level)of the inverter. Theoretical investigations were confirmed by the digital simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

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Kelly, A. G. "Experiments on Unipolar Induction." Physics Essays 12, no. 2 (June 1999): 372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3025392.

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Levi, A. F. J., and T. H. Chiu. "Unipolar Hot Electron Transistors." Physica Scripta T23 (January 1, 1988): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1988/t23/043.

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Wang, S. G., and I. G. Brown. "Unipolar arc simulation device." Review of Scientific Instruments 70, no. 9 (September 1999): 3583–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149963.

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Symonds, Catherine, and Ian M. Anderson. "Unipolar depression and dysthymia." Medicine 40, no. 11 (November 2012): 591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2012.08.006.

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Symonds, Catherine. "Unipolar depression and dysthymia." Medicine 48, no. 11 (November 2020): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.08.002.

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Voeten, Erik. "Unipolar politics as usual." Cambridge Review of International Affairs 24, no. 2 (June 2011): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09557571.2011.558492.

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Cantu, Robert Victor. "Unipolar versus Bipolar Arthroplasty." Techniques in Orthopaedics 19, no. 3 (September 2004): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00013611-200409000-00007.

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Sheetz, Mark, and Michael Mastanduno. "Debating the Unipolar Moment." International Security 22, no. 3 (January 1998): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec.22.3.168.

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Sheetz, Mark S., and Michael Mastanduno. "Debating the Unipolar Moment." International Security 22, no. 3 (1997): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2539361.

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Morris, David W., Madhukar H. Trivedi, and A. John Rush. "Folate and Unipolar Depression." Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 14, no. 3 (April 2008): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/acm.2007.0663.

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Flatté, M. E., and G. Vignale. "Heterostructure unipolar spin transistors." Journal of Applied Physics 97, no. 10 (May 15, 2005): 104508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1886267.

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REDDY, RAMAKOTA K., and GUST H. BARDY. "Unipolar Pectoral Defibrillation Systems." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 20, no. 2 (February 1997): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb06213.x.

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Eliasson, B. "Unipolar A.C. field charging." Journal of Aerosol Science 20, no. 5 (January 1989): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-8502(89)90107-9.

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Almeida, J. R. C., J. Mourao-Miranda, H. J. Aizenstein, A. Versace, F. A. Kozel, H. Lu, A. Marquand, et al. "Pattern recognition analysis of anterior cingulate cortex blood flow to classify depression polarity." British Journal of Psychiatry 203, no. 4 (October 2013): 310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.122838.

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SummaryDifferentiating bipolar from recurrent unipolar depression is a major clinical challenge. In 18 healthy females and 36 females in a depressive episode – 18 with bipolar disorder type I, 18 with recurrent unipolar depression – we applied pattern recognition analysis using subdivisions of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) blood flow at rest, measured with arterial spin labelling. Subgenual ACC blood flow classified unipolar v. bipolar depression with 81% accuracy (83% sensitivity, 78% specificity).

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