Journal articles: 'Union Chapel M.P'

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van der Linden, Jos. "De Sovjet-Unie ten einde: nieuw archiefmateriaal - Vladislav M. Zubok, A failed empire. The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (University of North Carolina Press; Chapel Hill 2007) 488 p., €38,- ISBN 9780807830987." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 122, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2009.2.b26.

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Ragsdale, Hugh. "For the Soul of Mankind: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the Cold War. By Melvyn P. Leffler. New York: Hill and Wang, 2007. xvii, 608 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Illustrations. Maps. $35.00, hard bound. - A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev. By Vladislav M. Zubok. The New Cold War History. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007. xiii, 488 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. Illustrations. $39.95, hard bound." Slavic Review 67, no. 3 (2008): 765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27652981.

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Gordon, Greg, Heather Morris-Eyton, and Alliance Kubayi. "Match loads of university rugby union players between the 2016 and 2018 Varsity Cup competitions." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 32, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2020/v32i1a7949.

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Background: Rugby union is a popular and continuously growing sport globally. With the advance of technology, practices have been implemented to quantify the match running demands of rugby union players. The aim of this study was to analyse the match loads of rugby union players between the 2016 and 2018 Varsity Cup competitions. Methods: The sample consisted of 562 match observations of male university rugby union players competing in the Varsity Cup tournaments. Results: The backline players ran significantly longer total distances (5105 m; p = 0.001; ES = 0.49); have greater high- speed running (496 m; p = 0.001; ES = 1.03), very high-speed running (260 m; p = 0.001; ES = 1.50) and sprint distances (117 m; p = 0.001; ES = 1.32) than forward players. Backline players also accumulated a high number of metres per minute (238 ± 94; p = 0.001; ES = 0.46), total Player Load (488 ± 203; p = 0.001; ES = 0.31), RHIE (9 ± 8; p = 0.001; ES = 0.75) and number of accelerations (4 ± 5; p = 0.001; ES = 0.49). Conclusion: These findings may assist coaches to develop player position specific training programmes to meet the physical demands of rugby. Keywords: rugby union, match loads, physical demands, position

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Simpkin, Sarah. "Books Reviewed by: Kelly Schultz, Martin Chandler, Andrew Nicholson, Erika Reinhardt, Larry Laliberté." Bulletin - Association of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives (ACMLA), no. 159 (July 23, 2018): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/acmla.n159.232.

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Clemmer, Gina. The GIS 20 Essential Skills, third edition. Redlands, California: Esri Press, 2017. 182p. $49.99 US. ISBN 9781589485129. Davidson, Peter. Atlas of Empires. Pennsylvania: Fox Chapel Publishing, 2018. 240p. $19.99 US. ISBN 978-1504800891. Davies, John and Kent, Alexander J. The Red Atlas; How the Soviet Union secretly mapped the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017. 272 p. $35.00 US. ISBN: 9780226389578. Johnson, Alexander. The First Mapping of America: The General Survey of British North America. New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd., 2017. 320 p. $110 US (hardcover). ISBN: 978-1-806-442-9. Shoalts, Adam. A History of Canada in Ten Maps, Epic Stories of Charting a Mysterious Land. Canada: Allen Lane, 2017. 344p. $36.00 CAD. ISBN 978-0-670-06946-0.

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Kramer, Mark, Mark Watson, Rosa Du Randt, and Robert W. Pettitt. "Critical Speed as a Measure of Aerobic Fitness for Male Rugby Union Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0411.

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Purpose:To compare critical speed (CS) derived from all-out testing (AOT) for linear and shuttle running with metrics from a graded exercise test, the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (YYIR1), and estimation of an 800-m-shuttle time trial.Methods:Twelve male rugby players completed a graded exercise test, the YYIR1, a linear AOT, shuttle AOTs of 25 and 50 m, and an 800-m-shuttle time trial consisting of 32 × 25-m shuttles.Results:Strong linear correlations were observed between maximum oxygen uptake () and CS (m·s−1) derived from the linear AOT (3.68 [0.62],r = .90,P < .01) and 50-m-shuttle AOT (3.19 [0.26],r = .83,P < .01). Conversely,showed lower correlations with speeds evoking CS from 25-m AOT (2.86 [0.18],r = .42,P = .18) and YYIR1 (4.36 [0.11],r = .55,P = .07). The 800-m time trial (213.58 [15.84] s) was best predicted using parameters from the 25-m AOT (r = .93, SEE = 6.60 s,P < .001).Conclusions:The AOT is a valuable method of assessing performance-specific fitness, with CS from linear and 50-m-shuttle AOTs being strong predictors of, rivaling metrics from the graded exercise test. The YYIR1 offered limited utility compared with the AOT method.

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Carter, Sheila, and Ridvan Ezentas. "Embeddings of nonorientable surfaces with totally reducible focal set." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 36, no. 1 (January 1994): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089500030494.

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In an earlier paper [5] we introduced the idea of an immersion f: Mm-ℝn with totally reducible focal set. Such an immersion has the property that, for all p ∈ M, the focal set with base p is a union of hyperplanes in the normal plane to f(M) at f(p). Trivially, this always holds if n = m + 1 so we only consider n > m + 1.

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Kupusarevic, Joe, Kevin McShane, and Tom Clifford. "Cherry Gel Supplementation Does Not Attenuate Subjective Muscle Soreness or Alter Wellbeing Following a Match in a Team of Professional Rugby Union players: A Pilot Study." Sports 7, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7040084.

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This study examined the effects of sour tart cherry juice (TC) on muscle soreness (MS) and wellbeing following a rugby union match in professional players. In a crossover design, 10 players from a senior squad in the top tier of England consumed either 2 × 30 mL servings of TC or an isocaloric cherry-flavoured control gel (CON) two days before, the day of, and two days following an 80 min match. Subjective wellbeing and MS were measured before the match (Pre), and for three days following the match (M+1, M+2, and M+3, respectively). MS was elevated from Pre at M+1 (CON, 111 ± 37 mm vs. TC 94 ± 41 mm) and M+2 (CON, 81 ± 35 mm vs. TC 72 ± 36 mm) (time effect; p = 0.0001; ηp2 = 0.821) but there were no differences between TC and CON at either time point post-exercise (p = 0.807; ηp2 = 0.035). Wellness scores were ~15% lower at M+1 (p = 0.023; ηp2 = 0.638) but there were no differences between the two conditions at any time point (p = 0.647; ηp2 = 0.160). In conclusion, tart cherry juice did not attenuate soreness or alter wellbeing in a team of professional rugby union players following a competitive match.

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Vachon, Adrien, Nicolas Berryman, Iñigo Mujika, Jean-Baptiste Paquet, and Laurent Bosquet. "Fitness Determinants of Repeated High-Intensity Effort Ability in Elite Rugby Union Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0525.

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Purpose: To investigate the relationship between physical fitness and repeated high-intensity effort (RHIE) ability in elite rugby union players, depending on playing position. Method: Thirty-nine players underwent a fitness testing battery composed of a body composition assessment, upper-body strength (1-repetition maximum bench press and 1-repetition maximum bench row), lower-body strength (6-repetition maximum back squat), and power (countermovement jump, countermovement jump with arms, and 20-m sprint), as well as aerobic fitness (Bronco test) and RHIE tests over a 1-week period. Pearson linear correlations were used to quantify relationships between fitness tests and the RHIE performance outcomes (total sprint time [TST] and percentage decrement [%D]). Thereafter, a stepwise multiple regression model was used to verify the influence of physical fitness measures on RHIE ability. Results: TST was strongly to very strongly associated to body fat (BF, r = .82, P < .01), the 20-m sprint (r = .86, P < .01), countermovement jump (r = −.72, P < .01), and Bronco test (r = .90, P < .01). These fitness outcomes were related to %D, with moderate to strong associations (.82 > ∣r∣ > .54, P < .01). By playing position, similar associations were observed in forwards, but RHIE ability was only related to the 20-m sprint in backs (r = .53, P < .05). The RHIE performance model equations were TST = 13.69 + 0.01 × BF + 0.08 × Bronco + 10.20 × 20 m and %D = −14.34 + 0.11 × BF +0.18 × Bronco − 9.92 × 20 m. These models explain 88.8% and 68.2% of the variance, respectively. Conclusion: Body composition, lower-body power, and aerobic fitness were highly related with RHIE ability. However, backs expressed a different profile than forwards, suggesting that further research with larger sample sizes is needed to better understand the fitness determinants of backs’ RHIE ability.

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Teece, Angus R., Martyn Beaven, Christos K. Argus, Nicholas Gill, and Matthew W. Driller. "Comparing Perceived Sleep Quality, Practices, and Behaviors of Male and Female Elite Rugby Union Athletes with the Use of Sleep Questionnaires." Sleep Science 16, no. 03 (September 2023): e271-e277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1772788.

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Abstract Objective To evaluate the differences in subjective sleep quality, quantity, and behaviors among male and female elite rugby union athletes through two common sleep questionnaires. Materials and Methods A sample of 38 male and 27 female elite rugby union athletes filled out the Athlete Sleep Behavior Questionnaire (ASBQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Global scores and individual items for each questionnaire were compared to assess differences between sexes. Results Male athletes reported significantly longer sleep duration (7 h 50 m ± 50 m versus 7h 12 m ± 58 m respectively; p ≤ 0.01; d = 0.70) and higher habitual sleep efficiency (88% versus 83% respectively; p < 0.05; d = 0.54) when compared with female athletes. Individual items of the ASBQ revealed significant differences between male and female athletes for five questions. Male athletes displayed higher instances of taking stimulants before training or competition and consuming alcohol within 4 hours of going to bed. Conversely, female athletes expressed greater thought or worry while in bed and a higher instance of training late at night. Discussion Male athletes displayed better self-reported sleep quality and quantity than female athletes; however, the present study highlighted that male and female elite rugby union athletes face specific challenges that differ. It appears that the differences observed between male and female elite rugby union athletes may be due to differing levels of professionalism or differences in training or competition schedules.

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Rubini, Luca. "State Aid Law of the European Union - By P. Vesterdorf and M. U. Nielsen." European Law Journal 17, no. 1 (December 28, 2010): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2010.00542_3.x.

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Ackerman, Terry. "Minutes of the Psychometric Society Business Meeting Frank P. Graham student union university of North Carolina at Chapel Hill June 22, 2002." Psychometrika 67, no. 4 (December 2002): 629–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02295136.

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Hermann, P. Z., E. F. Robertson, and N. Ruškuc. "On products of all elements of a finite semigroup." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 42, no. 3 (October 1999): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091500020514.

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Let S be a finite semigroup. Consider the set p(S) of all elements of S which can be represented as a product of all the elements of S in some order. It is shown that p(S) is contained in the minimal ideal M of S and intersects each maximal subgroup H of M in essentially the same way. The main result shows that p(S) intersects H in a union of cosets of H′.

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Beard, Adam, John Ashby, Ryan Chambers, Franck Brocherie, and Grégoire P. Millet. "Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia in International Rugby Union Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 14, no. 6 (July 1, 2019): 850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0170.

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Purpose: To investigate the effects of repeated-sprint training in hypoxia vs in normoxia on world-level male rugby union players’ repeated-sprint ability (RSA) during an international competition period. Methods: A total of 19 players belonging to an international rugby union senior male national team performed 4 sessions of cycling repeated sprints (consisting of 3 × eight 10-s sprints with 20 s passive recovery) either in normobaric hypoxia (RSH, 3000 m; n = 10) or in normoxia (RSN, 300 m; n = 9) over a 2-wk period. Before and after the training intervention, RSA was evaluated using a cycling repeated-sprint test (6 × 10-s maximal sprint and 20-s passive recovery) performed in normoxia. Results: Significant interaction effects (all P < .05, ) between condition and time were found for RSA-related parameters. Compared with Pre, maximal power significantly improved at Post in RSH (12.84 [0.83] vs 13.63 [1.03] W·kg−1, P < .01, ) but not in RSN (13.17 [0.89] vs 13.00 [1.01] W·kg−1, P = .45, ). Mean power was also significantly enhanced from Pre to Post in RSH (11.15 [0.58] vs 11.86 [0.63] W·kg−1, P < .001, ), whereas it remained unchanged in RSN (11.54 [0.61] vs 11.75 [0.65] W·kg−1, P = .23, ). Conclusion: As few as 4 dedicated specific RSH sessions were beneficial to enhance repeated power production in world-level rugby union players. Although the improvement from RSA to game behavior remains unclear, this finding appears to be of practical relevance as only a short preparation window is available prior to international rugby union games.

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Absa, Tafrichul Fuady. "THE PERFECT BEING OF R. M. P. SOSROKARTONO'S THINKING." Mimbar Agama Budaya 38, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/mimbar.v38i1.21002.

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Abstract. This article reviews R. M. P. Sosrokartono's thoughts about the perfect human being. He defines a perfect being as a person who is able to live up to the knowledge of ngawoelo dateng kawoelaning Goesti. In order to have such life and behavior that reflect the attributes of God by loving and maintaining the wholeness of God's creation, therefore, the alignment must be based on catur murti. That is, to be able to unite and balance feelings, thoughts, words, and actions. The union of the four components is based on the value of truth so that the actualization in life becomes the proper thought, feeling, word, and action. That is the perfect being who will become caliph on earth. Abstrak. Artikel ini mengulas pemikiran R. M. P. Sosrokartono tentang manusia paripurna. Baginya, manusia paripurna adalah manusia yang mampu menghayati ilmu ngawoelo dateng kawoelaning Goesti. Sehingga hidup dan perilakunya akan mencerminkan sifat-sifat Tuhan dengan cara mencintai dan menjaga keutuhan ciptaan Tuhan. Penyelarasan itu harus didasari oleh catur murti. Yaitu, mampu menyatukan sekaligus menyeimbangkan antara perasaan, pikiran, perkataan, dan perbuatan. Penyatuan empat komponen tersebut berdasarkan pada nilai kebenaran, sehingga penyatuan itu menjadi pikiran yang benar, perasaan yang benar, perkataan yang benar dan perbuatan yang benar. Itulah manusia paripurna yang menjadi khalifah di muka bumi.

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Pasqualetti, Massimo, Maria Elisabetta Onori, Giulia Canu, Giacomo Moretti, Angelo Minucci, Silvia Baroni, Alvaro Mordente, Andrea Urbani, and Christel Galvani. "The Relationship between ACE, ACTN3 and MCT1 Genetic Polymorphisms and Athletic Performance in Elite Rugby Union Players: A Preliminary Study." Genes 13, no. 6 (May 28, 2022): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13060969.

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Athletic performance is influenced by many factors such as the environment, diet, training and endurance or speed in physical effort and by genetic predisposition. Just a few studies have analyzed the impact of genotypes on physical performance in rugby. The aim of this study was to verify the modulation of genetic influence on rugby-specific physical performance. Twenty-seven elite rugby union players were involved in the study during the in-season phase. Molecular genotyping was performed for: angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE rs4646994), alfa-actinin-3 (ACTN3 rs1815739) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1 rs1049434) and their variants. Lean mass index (from skinfolds), lower-limb explosive power (countermovement jump), agility (505), speed (20 m), maximal aerobic power (Yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 1) and repeated sprint ability (12 × 20 m) were evaluated. In our rugby union players ACE and ACTN3 variants did not show any influence on athletic performance. MCT1 analysis showed that TT-variant players had the highest peak vertical power (p = 0.037) while the ones with the AA genotype were the fastest in both agility and sprint tests (p = 0.006 and p = 0.012, respectively). Considering the T-dominant model, the AA genotype remains the fastest in both tests (agility: p = 0.013, speed: p = 0.017). Only the MCT1 rs1049434 A allele seems to be advantageous for elite rugby union players, particularly when power and speed are required.

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Oneto, Luca, and Sandro Ridella. "Distribution-Dependent Weighted Union Bound." Entropy 23, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23010101.

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In this paper, we deal with the classical Statistical Learning Theory’s problem of bounding, with high probability, the true risk R(h) of a hypothesis h chosen from a set H of m hypotheses. The Union Bound (UB) allows one to state that PLR^(h),δqh≤R(h)≤UR^(h),δph≥1−δ where R^(h) is the empirical errors, if it is possible to prove that P{R(h)≥L(R^(h),δ)}≥1−δ and P{R(h)≤U(R^(h),δ)}≥1−δ, when h, qh, and ph are chosen before seeing the data such that qh,ph∈[0,1] and ∑h∈H(qh+ph)=1. If no a priori information is available qh and ph are set to 12m, namely equally distributed. This approach gives poor results since, as a matter of fact, a learning procedure targets just particular hypotheses, namely hypotheses with small empirical error, disregarding the others. In this work we set the qh and ph in a distribution-dependent way increasing the probability of being chosen to function with small true risk. We will call this proposal Distribution-Dependent Weighted UB (DDWUB) and we will retrieve the sufficient conditions on the choice of qh and ph that state that DDWUB outperforms or, in the worst case, degenerates into UB. Furthermore, theoretical and numerical results will show the applicability, the validity, and the potentiality of DDWUB.

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Conway, Stephen. "J. F. Colls, M. A. Gathercole, and Utilitarianism Unmasked: A Neglected Episode in the Anglican Response to Bentham." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 45, no. 3 (July 1994): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900017073.

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At the beginning of 1844, the Revd John Flowerdew Colls, Anglican minister of Duke Street Chapel, St James's Park, London, published Utilitarianism unmasked, a vitriolic attack on Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832), the philosopher, jurisprudent, and advocate of reform. ‘The writer's main object’, the advertisement which prefaces the work grandiloquently announces, ‘has been to expose, in all its naked deformity, the hollowness and deceitfulness of the so-much-vaunted principle falsely called the Greatest happiness principle’, which formed the basis of Bentham's philosophical system. But apart from a few desultory remarks on utilitarianism – such as a belaboured attempt to connect it with Robert Owen's socialism (p. 33) – Colls devoted his energies to undermining Bentham's ideas by pouring scorn and ridicule on Bentham himself.

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Yao, Xiang, Christopher Curtis, Anthony Turner, Chris Bishop, Alex Austerberry, and Shyam Chavda. "Anthropometric Profiles and Physical Characteristics in Competitive Female English Premiership Rugby Union Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 1234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0017.

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Rugby union (RU) is a field-based team sport with a large number of high-intensity actions such as sprinting, change of direction, tackling, scrummaging, rucking, and mauling. Competitive success in female RU has previously been related to anthropometric and physical characteristics, and with the recent introduction of professionalism in female rugby, characterizing such physical attributes may provide insight into selection and training processes. Purpose: To identify anthropometric and physical characteristics of competitive female RU players and differences between playing positions. Methods: Twenty-two players were recruited from the top tier of female RU in the United Kingdom during the 2018–2019 Premiership season. Players were split into forwards and backs and underwent body composition testing via dual-X-ray absorptiometry and physical characteristic tests (10- and 20-m speed, 1-repetition-maximum bench press and squat, countermovement jump, drop jump, isometric midthigh pull, and 1200-m shuttle). Results: Moderate to large significant differences between playing positions in both anthropometric and physical characteristics were found (P < .01). Forwards displayed greater body mass (P = .03), fat mass (P = .01), and absolute upper-body strength (P = .03), whereas backs demonstrated superior countermovement jump height (P = .01), drop jump height (P = .01), greater reactive strength (P = .03), and speed (P = .03). Conclusion: These findings provide practitioners with a greater understanding of anthropometric and physical characteristics of professional female RU players.

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Ramazi, Pouria, Ming Cao, and Jacquelien M. A. Scherpen. "Tightening Poincaré–Bendixson theory after counting separately the fixed points on the boundary and interior of a planar region." Electronic Journal of Qualitative Theory of Differential Equations, no. 29 (2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/ejqtde.2024.1.29.

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This paper tightens the classical Poincaré–Bendixson theory for a positively invariant, simply-connected compact set M in a continuously differentiable planar vector field by further characterizing for any point p ∈ M , the composition of the limit sets ω ( p ) and α ( p ) after counting separately the fixed points on M 's boundary and interior. In particular, when M contains finitely many boundary but no interior fixed points, ω ( p ) contains only a single fixed point, and when M may have infinitely many boundary but no interior fixed points, ω ( p ) can, in addition, be a continuum of fixed points. When M contains only one interior and finitely many boundary fixed points, ω ( p ) or α ( p ) contains exclusively a fixed point, a closed orbit or the union of the interior fixed point and homoclinic orbits joining it to itself. When M contains in general a finite number of fixed points and neither ω ( p ) nor α ( p ) is a closed orbit or contains just a fixed point, at least one of ω ( p ) and α ( p ) excludes all boundary fixed points and consists only of a number of the interior fixed points and orbits connecting them.

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da Silva, Bruno Victor Corrêa, Mário Antônio de Moura Simim, Rodrigo Barboza da Silva, Edmar Lacerda Mendes, Bernardo Neme Ide, Moacir Marocolo, Jeffrey S. Martin, and Gustavo R. Mota. "Time Course of Recovery for Performance Attributes and Circulating Markers of Muscle Damage Following a Rugby Union Match in Amateur Athletes." Sports 8, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8050064.

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Background: We sought to determine the time course of changes in neuromuscular performance and muscle damage following a single rugby union match. Methods: Fourteen male amateur rugby players (28.9 ± 3.5 yrs; 1.7 ± 5.1 m; 86.1 ± 11.1 kg) participated. Plasma activity of creatine kinase ([CK]) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), L-run test (change of direction) and 30-m sprint (T30; speed) with 10-m lap time (T10; acceleration) were assessed on six occasions: one week before the match (PRE) and immediately, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post-match. Results: Relative to PRE, LDH was elevated immediately post-match (+33.6% ± 13.6%; p < 0.001) and [CK] was elevated immediately (+64.1% ± 38.8%, p = 0.001) and 24 h post-match (+352% ± 317%; p = 0.024). L-run test time increased 16.0 ± 8.7% relative to PRE at 24 h post (p < 0.001) and remained elevated through 96 h post-match (p < 0.05). T10 and T30 times increased relative to PRE immediately post-match (+12.0% ± 10.4%, p = 0.008; and +6.1% ± 4.9%; p = 0.006, respectively), though T30 times were similar to baseline by 48 h post-match whereas T10 times remained elevated through 72 h post-match. Conclusions: A single, competitive rugby union match induces significant muscle damage and performance decrements with distinct time courses of recovery in amateur athletes. Notably, change of direction attributes (i.e., L-run) appear to have the longest time course to full recovery.

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Russell, Mark, Aden King, Richard M. Bracken, Christian J. Cook, Thibault Giroud, and Liam P. Kilduff. "A Comparison of Different Modes of Morning Priming Exercise on Afternoon Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, no. 6 (September 2016): 763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0508.

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Purpose:To assess the effects of different modes of morning (AM) exercise on afternoon (PM) performance and salivary hormone responses in professional rugby union players.Methods:On 4 occasions (randomized, crossover design), 15 professional rugby players provided AM (~8 AM) and PM (~2 PM) saliva samples before PM assessments of countermovement-jump height, reaction time, and repeated-sprint ability. Control (passive rest), weights (bench press: 5 × 10 repetitions, 75% 1-repetition maximum, 90-s intraset recovery), cycling (6 × 6-s maximal sprint cycling, 7.5% body mass load, 54-s intraset recovery), and running (6 × 40-m maximal sprints, 20-s intraset recovery) interventions preceded (~5 h) PM testing.Results:PM sprint performance improved (P < .05) after weights (>0.15 ± 0.19 s, >2.04% ± 2.46%) and running (>0.15 ± 0.17 s, >2.12% ± 2.22%) but not cycling (P > .05). PM jump height increased after cycling (0.012 ± 0.009 m, 2.31% ± 1.76%, P < .001) and running (0.020 ± 0.009 m, 3.90% ± 1.79%, P < .001) but not weights (P = .936). Reaction time remained unchanged between trials (P = .379). Relative to control (131 ± 21 pg/mL), PM testosterone was greater in weights (21 ± 23 pg/mL, 17% ± 18%, P = .002) and running (28 ± 26 pg/mL, 22% ± 20%, P = .001) but not cycling (P = .072). Salivary cortisol was unaffected by AM exercise (P = .540).Conclusions:All modes of AM exercise improved at least 1 marker of PM performance, but running appeared the most beneficial to professional rugby union players. A rationale therefore exists for preceding PM competition with AM exercise.

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Lockie, Robert. "CHANGE-OF-DIRECTION DEFICIT IN COLLEGIATE WOMEN’S RUGBY UNION PLAYERS." Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport 16, no. 1 (July 24, 2018): 019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22190/fupes171222003l.

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Change-of-direction (COD) ability is an essential component of rugby union. As most COD tests use total time to measure COD performance, the COD deficit has been developed as a metric to isolate COD ability independent of linear sprint speed. This study investigated relationships between sprint time, 505 time, and COD deficit in collegiate women’s rugby union players. Seventeen players from the one team performed a 20-m sprint (0-5, 0-10, and 0-20 m intervals were measured), and the 505 from each leg. The COD deficit for both legs was calculated as the difference between average 505 and 10-m time. Correlations were calculated between the 505 and COD deficit with the sprint intervals (p ≤ 0.05). To compare 505 time and COD deficit, z-scores were derived; the difference in these scores were evaluated for each participant. The COD deficit did not correlate with the sprint interval times (r = -0.370 to -0.045). Right-leg 505 time did correlate with the 0-10 and 0-20 m intervals (r = 0.483-552). Six of 17 participants for the left leg, and five of 17 for the right leg, were classified differently for COD ability when comparing standardized scores for 505 time versus COD deficit. More than half the participants (53-59%) had meaningful differences between 505 time and COD deficit for each leg. These results suggested that the COD deficit may be a more isolated measure of COD ability and provided a different measure of this ability compared to 505 time in collegiate women’s rugby union players.

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Hene, NM, and SH Bassett. "Changes in the physical fitness of elite women’s rugby union players over a competition season." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 25, no. 2 (July 2, 2013): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3108/2013/v25i2a376.

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Objective. To investigate changes in the physical fitness characteristics of elite women’s rugby union players over a competitive season.Methods. Thirty-two elite women’s rugby union players, all members of the South African Rugby Union High Performance Squad, were sub-divided into 2 positional categories of 17 forwards and 15 backs, respectively, and assessed pre-, mid- and post-competition season. Players underwent anthropometric (stature, body mass and sum of 7 skinfolds) and physical performance measurements (vertical jump, 10 m and 40 m sprint, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and multi-stage shuttle-run test).Analysis. A 2-factor analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in physical fitness variables between and within playing positions over the competition season (p<0.01).Results. In both groups, no significant changes were detected in the sum of skinfolds, vertical jump height, 1RM bench press and multi-stage shuttle-run test scores throughout the season. However, sprint times (10 m and 40 m) significantly increased and then decreased for both groups between the early (pre- to mid-season) and later phases of the season (mid- to post-season), respectively.Conclusion. The results suggest that, for improvement in physical fitness, players need to train at higher loads, especially in the preparatory phase. Thereafter, they must take measures to actively maintain these gains throughout the competitive season. Direct supervision of their conditioning should be encouraged.

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Hene, NM, and SH Bassett. "Changes in the physical fitness of elite women’s rugby union players over a competition season." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 25, no. 2 (June 15, 2013): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2013/v25i2a376.

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Objective. To investigate changes in the physical fitness characteristics of elite women’s rugby union players over a competitive season.Methods. Thirty-two elite women’s rugby union players, all members of the South African Rugby Union High Performance Squad, were sub-divided into 2 positional categories of 17 forwards and 15 backs, respectively, and assessed pre-, mid- and post-competition season. Players underwent anthropometric (stature, body mass and sum of 7 skinfolds) and physical performance measurements (vertical jump, 10 m and 40 m sprint, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and multi-stage shuttle-run test).Analysis. A 2-factor analysis of variance was used to evaluate differences in physical fitness variables between and within playing positions over the competition season (p<0.01).Results. In both groups, no significant changes were detected in the sum of skinfolds, vertical jump height, 1RM bench press and multi-stage shuttle-run test scores throughout the season. However, sprint times (10 m and 40 m) significantly increased and then decreased for both groups between the early (pre- to mid-season) and later phases of the season (mid- to post-season), respectively.Conclusion. The results suggest that, for improvement in physical fitness, players need to train at higher loads, especially in the preparatory phase. Thereafter, they must take measures to actively maintain these gains throughout the competitive season. Direct supervision of their conditioning should be encouraged.

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Hackemer, Kurt. "War on the Waters: The Union and Confederate Navies, 1861–1865. By James M. McPherson. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2012. Pp. 277. $35.00.)." Historian 76, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hisn.12030_28.

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Panov, A. I. "THE MONOGRAPH ABOUT TRANSPORT TRADE UNIONS." World of Transport and Transportation 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-1-27.

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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].REVIEW OF THE BOOK: Zubkov, S. A., Krainov, G.N. Transport unions as part of the international trade union movement. Monograph. Moscow, INFRA-M publ., 2017, 297 p. ABSTRACT The book, published in the series «Scientific Thought», is devoted to the study of transport unions as components of the international trade union movement. The authors draw attention to the history, current state and problems of the international trade union movement, t h e processes of globalization, cooperation and coordination of the actions of international transport unions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the trade union movement in rail transport, the participation of the Russian trade union of railway workers and transport builders in the international trade union movement. Keywords: trade union, transport unions, international trade union movement, International Confederation of Trade Unions (ITUC), World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), International Workers’ Association (IWA), Global Federation of Trade Unions (GUF), International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITWF), International Committee of Transport Workers’ Propaganda (ICTWP), Profintern, International Confederation of Trade Unions of Railway Workers and Transport Builders (ICRW), Russian Union of Railway Workers and Transport Builders (ROSPROFZHEL).

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Barry, Lorna, Ian Kenny, and Thomas Comyns. "Performance Effects of Repetition Specific Gluteal Activation Protocols on Acceleration in Male Rugby Union Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 54, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2016-0033.

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Abstract Warm-up protocols have the potential to cause an acute enhancement of dynamic sprinting performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of three repetition specific gluteal activation warm-up protocols on acceleration performance in male rugby union players. Forty male academy rugby union players were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups (control, 5, 10 or 15 repetition gluteal activation group) and performed 10 m sprints at baseline and 30 s, 2, 4, 6 and 8 min after their specific intervention protocol. Five and ten meter sprint times were the dependent variable and dual-beam timing gates were used to record all sprint times. Repeated measures analysis of variance found no significant improvement in 5 and 10 m sprint times between baseline and post warm-up scores (p ≥ 0.05) for all groups. There were no reported significant differences between groups at any of the rest interval time points (p ≥ 0.05). However, when individual responses to the warm-up protocols were analyzed, the 15 repetition gluteal activation group had faster 10 m times post-intervention and this improvement was significant (p = 0.021). These results would indicate that there is no specific rest interval for any of the gluteal interventions that results in a potentiation effect on acceleration performance. However, the individual response analysis would seem to indicate that a 15 repetition gluteal activation warm-up protocol has a potentiating effect on acceleration performance provided that the rest interval is adequately and individually determined.

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Rasool, Sajjad, Basharat Manzoor, and Muhammad Omer Aslam. "FRACTURE OF SHAFT OF FEMUR." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 04 (April 10, 2018): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.04.361.

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Introduction: Fracture of the shaft of the femur is among the most commonfractures encountered in orthopedics practice.1 Objectives: The aim of the study was alsocompare the outcome of solid versus canmulated inter locking nails as a method of internalfixation in closed fractures of the shaft of femur in adults. Design: Quasi Experiment design.Setting: Orthopedic Department Allied Hospital P.M.C Faisalabad. Results: We had total of60 cases, 30 in groups of solid I/M nailing and 30 in group B of Cannulated in I/M nailing wehave reported the follow up study up to 9 months. (1) There were 27 (90%) males and 3 (10%)females in group A. (2) If in group B 26 (86.666%) were males 4 (13.333%). (3) The mean agewas 37.4 + 1.61 years. Union: Group A, In 26 (86.666%) patients the fracture uniting within 3months. 3 (10%) patients went into phase of delayed union which ultimately united. 1 (3333%)patient into non-union for which bone grafts has to be done after nine months. Group B: In 26(86.666%) patients the fracture united within 3 months. Patient in group B went into nonuniondue to deep infection, second due to nail breakage an in third no apparent causes was found.Total no of cases of non-union in group B were 3. Infection: In group A one patient in groupB 2 patient had superficial infection which were treated with appropriate antibiotics. In groupB one patient had deep infection and went into non-union due to infection. Implant Failure:In group B one case with nail breakage.. 2 Cases with distal Inter Locking screws breakage& 1 case with proximal interlocking screw breakage were noted. Conclusion: (1) There isno statistical difference in union and infection in both groups (P-Value > 0.05). (2) There issignificant difference in implant failure in both groups no patients in group A went with implantfailure but four patients in group B developed implant failure (P-value < 0..05) so Solid interlocking nail is stronger than cannulated interlocking nail.

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Carroll, Francis M. "War on the Waters: The Union and Confederate Navies, 1861-1865, by James M. McPhersonWar on the Waters: The Union and Confederate Navies, 1861-1865, by James M. McPherson. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press, 2012. vii, 277 pp. $35.00 US (cloth)." Canadian Journal of History 48, no. 2 (September 2013): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.48.2.363.

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Mustofa, M. Gulam, Avishek Bhadra, Sushmoy Saha, and Sabbir Ahmed. "Comparison between malleolar locking plate and metaphyseal locking plate for the management of the distal tibial fracture." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 10, no. 4 (June 26, 2024): 750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20241701.

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Background: A pilon fracture is a distal tibial metaphyseal fracture that involves the ankle joint. Distal tibia fractures include extra-articular fractures of the metaphysis and the more severe intraarticular tibial plafond or pilon fractures. Several treatment methods have been recommended for the treatment of these injuries, with a recent emphasis on minimally invasive techniques. This research studies the outcome of a malleolar locking plate (M) versus a metaphyseal locking plate (P) in the management of distal tibial (Pilon) fracture. Methods: Distal tibial M and P were used to treat 80 cases of tibial pilon fracture. The study examined the use of anterior/ anteromedial approach for tibia and posterolateral/ lateral fibular fixation. Results: The male to female gender ratio was 2.63 in M and 1.35 in P. Mean age was 57.03±15.93 (M) and 52.1±12.788 (P). Surgeries were mostly done within 1 day to 1 week. Mean hospital stay was 6.43±4.545 (M) and 4.93±4.676 (P). The mean lower extremity functional score (LEFS) was 66.55 (M) and 67.15 (P) with 83.56% maximal function. 3 P cases had infections. No infections were seen in M group at the end of the 12th week follow-up. Conclusions: The results of the study indicate that there is no significant difference in terms of LEFS criteria, union, fracture alignment, range of motion (knee and ankle), infection, and other outcome measures between M fixation and P in the treatment of distal tibia fracture in adults.

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Vaz, Luis, Wilbur Kraak, Marco Batista, Samuel Honório, and Hélder Miguel Fernandes. "Using Anthropometric Data and Physical Fitness Scores to Predict Selection in a National U19 Rugby Union Team." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041499.

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The purpose of this study was to compare measures of anthropometry characteristics and physical fitness performance between rugby union players (17.9 ± 0.5 years old) recruited (n = 39) and non-recruited (n = 145) to the Portuguese under-19 (U19) national team, controlling for their playing position (forwards or backs). Standardized anthropometric, physical, and performance assessment tests included players’ body mass and height, push up and pull-up test, squat test, sit-and-reach test, 20 m shuttle run test, flexed arm hang test, Sargent test, handgrip strength test, Illinois agility test, and 20-m and 50-m sprint test. Results showed that recruited forwards players had better agility scores (p = 0.02, ES = −0.55) than the non-recruited forwards, whereas recruited backs players had higher right (p < 0.01, ES = 0.84) and left (p = 0.01, ES = 0.74) handgrip strength scores than their counterparts. Logistic regression showed that better agility (for the forwards) and right handgrip strength scores (for the backs) were the only variables significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being recruited to the national team. In sum, these findings suggest that certain well-developed physical qualities, namely, agility for the forwards players and upper-body strength for the back players, partially explain the selection of U19 rugby players to their national team.

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Kemp, Paula, Louis J. Ratliff, Jr., and Kishor Shah. "Integral Closure of Noetherian Domains and Intersections of Rees Valuation Rings, (II)." Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society 84, no. 1-2 (January 2, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/jims/2017/6133.

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Let 1 < s1 < . . . < sk be integers, and assume that κ ≥ 2 (so sk ≤ 3). Then there exists a local UFD (Unique Factorization Domain) (R,M) such that:(1) Height(M) = sk.(2) R = R' = ∩{VI (V,N) € Vj}, where Vj (j = 1, . . . , κ) is the set of all of the Rees valuation rings (V,N) of the M-primary ideals such that trd((V I N) I (R I M)) = sj - 1.(3) With V1, . . . , Vκ as in (2), V1 ∪ . . . Vκis a disjoint union of all of the Rees valuation rings of allof the M-primary ideals, and each M-primary ideal has at least one Rees valuation ring in each Vj .

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Alonso, Gaston. "Complex Justice: The Case ofMissouri v. Jenkins. By Joshua M. Dunn. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008. 240p. $39.95." Perspectives on Politics 9, no. 2 (June 2011): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592711000466.

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Joshua Dunn presents a carefully researched study of Missouri v. Jenkins, a Kansas City case that led to the nation's “most expansive and expensive” school desegregation effort (p. 4). Dunn draws important lessons from the case regarding the limitations of judicial policymaking and the inability, and often unwillingness, of our nation to respond to demands by urban communities of color that equal and excellent schools be made available to all children.

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Jiang, Ziguo. "Limit cycles in an $ m $-piecewise discontinuous polynomial differential system." AIMS Mathematics 9, no. 2 (2024): 3613–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2024177.

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<abstract>In this paper, I study a planar $ m $-piecewise discontinuous polynomial differential system $ \dot{x} = y, \dot{y} = -x-\varepsilon(f(x, y)+g_m(x, y)h(x)) $, which has a linear center in each zone partitioned by those switching lines, where $ f(x, y) = \sum_{i+j = 0}^na_{ij}x^iy^j $, $ h(x) = \sum_{j = 0}^lb_jx^j, a_{ij}, b_j\in\mathbb{R}, n, l\in\mathbb{N} $, and $ g_m(x, y) $ with the positive even number $ m $ as the union of $ m/2 $ different straight lines passing through the origin of coordinates dividing the plane into sectors of angle $ 2\pi/m $. Using the averaging theory, I provide the lower bound $ L_m(n, l) $ for the maximun number of limit cycles, which bifurcates which bifurcating from the annulus of the origin of this system.</abstract>

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Brummelhuis, R. G. M. "A note on Riesz sets and lacunary sets." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics 48, no. 1 (February 1990): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700035187.

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AbstractW. Rudin has proved that the union of the Riesz set N ⊆ R with a Λ(l)-subset of Z is again a Riesz set. In this note we generalize his result to compact groups whose contains a circle group, thereby extending an earlier F. and M. Riesz theorem for such groups by the author. We also investigate the possibility of constructing Λ(p)-sets for these groups, departing from Λ(p)-sets for the circle group in center.

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Blahó, András, Katarína Jánošíková, and Andrea Elekes. "Book Reviews." Acta Oeconomica 56, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.56.2006.3.6.

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A. Stajano: Research, Quality, Competitiveness. European Union Technology Policy for the Information Society (New York: Springer Verlag, 2006, 456 pp.) Reviewed by András Blahó; K. Kouba - O. Vychodil - J. Roberts: Privatizace bez kapitálu (Zvýšené transakcní náklady ceské privatizace) Privatisation without Capital (Increased Transaction Costs of the Czech Privatisation) (Prague: Karolinum, 2005, 178 pp.) Reviewed by Katarína Jánošíková; M. N. Cardwell - M. R. Grossman - C. P. Rodgers (eds): Agriculture and International Trade. Law, Policy and the WTO (Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CABI Publishing, 2003, 330 pp.) Reviewed by Andrea Elekes

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Peeters, Alexis, Cedric Leduc, Julien Piscione, Mathieu Lacome, Christopher Carling, and Nicolas Babault. "Anthropometric and physical characteristics in U16, U18 and U20 elite French youth rugby union players." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (December 20, 2023): e0295623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295623.

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The aims of this study in elite youth French players were to 1) describe the anthropometric and physical characteristics of international and non-international players from U16 to U20, and 2) compare these characteristics across age categories and playing standard (international or non-international). Altogether, 1423 players from the French Rugby Federation’s academies participated in a physical testing battery, part of its national young player development pathway. From seasons 2010 to 2020, players were assessed for anthropometric (body mass and height), off-field (bench press; isometric squat, vertical jump) and on-field physical characteristics (aerobic capacity: maximal aerobic speed [MAS]; speed: 10-m, 50-m sprint). A 2-way mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare physical characteristics across age categories and playing standards. Two separate models were used for forwards and backs. A main statistical effect was observed for age category and playing standard (range p < 0.05 –p < 0.001). Pair-wise category comparisons showed that older players were generally taller, heavier, stronger, faster and demonstrated better aerobic qualities than younger peers. The same results were observed for INT compared with NI players while INT forwards were also taller and heavier than NI peers (range p < 0.01 –p < 0.001). Findings revealed a clear progression in anthropometric characteristics and physical qualities throughout the age development pathway in elite young French rugby players. Findings also identified certain physical qualities (strength, power and speed) necessary at younger levels to achieve international standard.

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Yamamoto, Hayato, Masanori Takemura, Junta Iguchi, Misato Tachibana, Junzo Tsujita, and Tatsuya Hojo. "In-match physical demands on elite Japanese rugby union players using a global positioning system." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 2020): e000659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000659.

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ObjectivesOur aim of this study was to quantify the physical demands of elite rugby union players by each position as a step towards designing position-specific training programme using a Global Positioning System/accelerometer system.MethodsThis study was performed as a retrospective observational study. Data were obtained from 45 official matches. The sample size used for the analysis was 298. The per-match total distances, accelerations and impacts were calculated and statistically compared for the forwards and backs and for individual positions.ResultsTotal distances for the forwards and backs were 5731.1±507.8 and 6392.1±646.8 m, respectively. The high-velocity running distances (>18.0 km/hour) covered by the forwards and backs were 317.4±136.9 and 715.0±242.9 m, respectively. The number of accelerations (>1.5 m/s2) for the forwards and backs were 76.3±18.9 and 100.8±19.6 times, respectively, and the number of high impacts (>10 g) were 48.0±46.9 and 35.6±28.3 times for the forwards and backs, respectively. All characteristics were significantly different between the forwards and backs (p<0.05). The per-position characteristics were also calculated. Within the backs, scrum half (SH) and wingers (WTBs) covered high-velocity running significantly higher distance than fly-half (SH d=2.571, WTBs d=1.556) and centres (SH d=1.299, WTBs d=0.685) (p<0.05).ConclusionBy clarifying the physical demands according to the positions, it will be possible to create optimised position-specific training programmes.

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García, Josefa M., and Pascual Jara. "Gradual and Fuzzy Modules: Functor Categories." Mathematics 10, no. 22 (November 15, 2022): 4272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10224272.

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The categorical treatment of fuzzy modules presents some problems, due to the well known fact that the category of fuzzy modules is not abelian, and even not normal. Our aim is to give a representation of the category of fuzzy modules inside a generalized category of modules, in fact, a functor category, Mod−P, which is a Grothendieck category. To do that, first we consider the preadditive category P, defined by the interval P=(0,1], to build a torsionfree class J in Mod−P, and a hereditary torsion theory in Mod−P, to finally identify equivalence classes of fuzzy submodules of a module M with F-pair, which are pair (G,F), of decreasing gradual submodules of M, where G belongs to J, satisfying G=Fd, and ∪αF(α) is a disjoint union of F(1) and F(α)\G(α), where α is running in (0,1].

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Nikmehr, M. J., and S. Khojasteh. "A generalized ideal-based zero-divisor graph." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 14, no. 06 (April 21, 2015): 1550079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498815500796.

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Let R be a commutative ring with identity, I its proper ideal and M be a unitary R-module. In this paper, we introduce and study a kind of graph structure of an R-module M with respect to proper ideal I, denoted by ΓI(RM) or simply ΓI(M). It is the (undirected) graph with the vertex set M\{0} and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if [x : M][y : M] ⊆ I. Clearly, the zero-divisor graph of R is a subgraph of Γ0(R); this is an important result on the definition. We prove that if ann R(M) ⊆ I and H is the subgraph of ΓI(M) induced by the set of all non-isolated vertices, then diam (H) ≤ 3 and gr (ΓI(M)) ∈ {3, 4, ∞}. Also, we prove that if Spec (R) and ω(Γ Nil (R)(M)) are finite, then χ(Γ Nil (R)(M)) ≤ ∣ Spec (R)∣ + ω(Γ Nil (R)(M)). Moreover, for a secondary R-module M and prime ideal P, we determine the chromatic number and the clique number of ΓP(M), where ann R(M) ⊆ P. Among other results, it is proved that for a semisimple R-module M with ann R(M) ⊆ I, ΓI(M) is a forest if and only if ΓI(M) is a union of isolated vertices or a star.

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Kim, Namsub. "The Soviet Union and the Cold War: A Critical Review on Vladislav M. Zubok, A Failed Empire, 2nd ed. (Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 2009)." Journal of Western History 55 (November 30, 2016): 301–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.16894/jowh.55.9.

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Gayda, F. A. "The Perspectives of Russia’s Intellectual Circles on the Church, Orthodoxy, and the Union by 1839." Orthodoxia, no. 3 (May 22, 2024): 122–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2024-3-122-147.

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The article focuses on the perception of Orthodoxy and Uniatism within Russian intellectual circles on the eve of the reunification of Belarusian Uniates with the Orthodox Church in 1839. The article also examines the religious perspectives of both governmental figures (S. S. Uvarov, M. M. Speransky) and public figures (N. M. Karamzin, A. S. Sturdza, A. S. Pushkin, N. G. Ustryalov, D. N. Bantysh-Kamensky, I. I. Sreznevsky, P. Ya. Chaadaev). In the 1810s and 1830s, secular circles began to formulate ideas about Orthodoxy as a religion of love, firmly rooted in the original Christian tradition. Orthodoxy was regarded as a religion characterized by dogmatic certainty, devoid of relativism and false mysticism. The primary distinction from Catholicism lay in the absence of a pursuit for secular power, and consequently, a rejection of the practice of violence. Additionally, the Orthodox Church was viewed as the historical church of the Russian people. The author of the article concludes that by this time, a significant segment of society, particularly those concerned with religious matters, had already developed relatively stable ideas about the union. The union was perceived as the result of religious manipulation and coercion by papal Rome, as well as the enticement of certain Western Russian church hierarchs. The article underscores the Orthodox population’s rejection of the union within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, particularly among the common people. Hence, the effort to overcome the union was deemed justified. Furthermore, the Uniates could not be regarded as fully integrated members of the Russian people until they were reunited with both the Church and the Russian national spirit. Within the framework of the intellectual circles’ ideas that emerged during that period, religious and secular reasoning were closely interwoven and found historical validation.

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Ostendorf, Annika. "Clarke, H. D., Goodwin, M., & Whiteley, P. (2017). Brexit: Why Britain Voted to Leave the European Union." Zeitschrift für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik 11, no. 2 (April 2018): 255–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12399-018-0695-8.

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Eltsova, E. V. "The I All-Union Congress of Soviet writers in the history of Komi literature." BULLETIN OF UGRIC STUDIES 14, no. 1 (2024): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2024-14-1-164-173.

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the article is devoted to the problem of the formation and functioning of the Komi writers’ organization in the period 1920–50s. A significant stage in its history is the holding of the I All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers (Moscow, 1934) and the participation of the Komi delegation in it. The article examines the forms and degree of influence of the results of the congress on the work of the Komi Writers’ Union, the development of national literature and journalism. Objective: determination of the main trends in the development of the Komi literary process as a result of the I All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers. Research materials: archive documents, articles in periodical press, verbatim report of the I All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers. Results and novelty of the research: the delegates to the I All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers with the casting vote from the Komi Writers Union were M. P. Doronin and V. T. Chistalev. The article is the first to study in detail the fact of their participation in this event. It has been established that the event influenced the further work of the Komi Writers Union and the process of development of literature. It is concluded that the results of the congress of the Communist Party of Bolsheviks, as well as establishing external literary connections, attracting writers’ attention to national folklore, and organizing work with novice authors.

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Chalov, P. A., T. Terzioğlu, and V. P. Zahariuta. "Compound Invariants and Mixed F-, DF-Power Spaces." Canadian Journal of Mathematics 50, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 1138–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1998-055-0.

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AbstractThe problems on isomorphic classification and quasiequivalence of bases are studied for the class of mixed F-, DF-power series spaces, i.e. the spaces of the following kind where ai (p, q) = exp((p - λiq)ai), p,q ∈ ℕ, and λ = (λi)i∈ℕ, a = (ai)i∈ℕ are some sequences of positive numbers. These spaces, up to isomorphisms, are basis subspaces of tensor products of power series spaces of F- and DF-types, respectively. The mrectangle characteristic of the space G(λ a) is defined as the number of members of the sequence (ïiÒ ai)i2N which are contained in the union of m rectangles Pk = (δk, εk] ✗ (τk, tk], k = 1, 2 , . . . , m. It is shown that each m-rectangle characteristic is an invariant on the considered class under some proper definition of an equivalency relation. The main tool are new compound invariants, which combine some version of the classical approximative dimensions (Kolmogorov, Pełczynski) with appropriate geometrical and interpolational operations under neighborhoods of the origin (taken from a given basis).

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RAJ, Tilak, Michael HAMLİN, and Catherine ELLİOT. "Hamstring Flexibility and Sprint Speed in Female Rugby Players after a 12-week Yoga Training." Journal of Physical Education and Sports Studies 15, no. 1 (February 10, 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55929/besad.1110242.

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There is an ongoing search on how to enhance the sprint performance of athletes. One should likely start investigating beyond traditional sport-training techniques about enhancing the sprinting ability of an athlete. Female rugby players were randomly assigned to one of the two groups; an experimental group (n = 5) and a control group (n = 5). Data were collected during pre-season and end-season on hamstring flexibility and sprint performance. Unpaired t-tests with an alpha level of p ≤ 0.05, Pearson correlation coefficient for the correlation. The experimental group significantly improved their straight leg raise test (SLR) by 29.1 ± 15.3-degrees (mean % change ± 95% CI, p < 0.05) and 5 m sprint time -10.4 ± 10.2 % compared to the control group 2.9 ± 15.3-degree (p = 0.05), and time difference of 9.9 ± 6.1% respectively. There was also a moderate negative correlation between SLR and 5 m sprint performance time (r = -0.29, p < 0.05 statistical significance. Results indicate that a 12-week yoga training helped improve the hamstring flexibility and performance of the 5 m acceleration phases of the 20 m sprint of rugby union players compared to a control group. Yoga helped rugby players to improve their hamstring flexibility when practiced alongside normal rugby training but maybe did little to improve sprint measures greater than 5 m performance during the season.

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Daniszewski, Piotr. "Total Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Water in the Miedwie Lake (North-West Poland) on the Basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 15 (June 29, 2013): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-1v6522.

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Water in the Miedwie Lake were the subjects of a five-year study (2008-2010). Total alkaline phosphatase activity was determined seven times a year in these environments. The study on the water demonstrated that the top sublittoral layer (1 m) featured the highest alkaline phosphatase activity among all the analyzed zones. A study of seasonal fluctuations showed that a maximum total alkaline phosphatase activity, both in the water occurred in spring (May) and summer (July, August). Basing on this parameter no increase in eutrophication process in the Miedwie Lake was determined in the course of a 3-year study.

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Loturco, Irineu, Lucas A. Pereira, Tomás T. Freitas, Chris Bishop, Fernando Pareja-Blanco, and Michael R. McGuigan. "Maximum Strength, Relative Strength, and Strength Deficit: Relationships With Performance and Differences Between Elite Sprinters and Professional Rugby Union Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 1148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0342.

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Purpose: To test the relationships between maximum and relative strength (MS and RS), absolute and relative peak force (PF and RPF), and strength deficit (SDef), with sprint and jump performance, and to compare these mechanical variables between elite sprinters and professional rugby union players. Methods: Thirty-five male rugby union players and 30 male sprinters performed vertical jumps, 30-m sprint, and half-squat 1-repetition maximum (1RM), where these force-related parameters were collected. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to test the relationships between the variables. An independent t test and magnitude-based inferences compared the mechanical variables between sprinters and rugby players. Results: Almost certain significant differences were observed for jump and sprint performance between groups (P < .0001). The rugby union players demonstrated a likely significant higher MS (P = .03) but a very likely lower RS (P = .007) than the sprinters. No significant differences were observed for PF between them. The sprinters exhibited an almost certain significant higher RPF than the rugby players (P < .0001). Furthermore, the rugby players demonstrated almost certain to likely significant higher SDef from 40% to 70% 1RM (P < .05) compared with the sprinters. Overall, all strength-derived parameters were significantly related to functional performance. Conclusions: Elite sprinters present higher levels of RS and RPF, lower levels of SDef, and better sprint and jump performance than professional rugby players. Relative strength-derived values (RS and RPF) and SDef are significantly associated with speed–power measures and may be used as effective and practical indicators of athletic performance.

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Skopenkov, Mikhail. "When is the set of embeddings finite up to isotopy?" International Journal of Mathematics 26, no. 07 (June 2015): 1550051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x15500512.

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Given a manifold N and a number m, we study the following question: is the set of isotopy classes of embeddingsN → Smfinite? In case when the manifold N is a sphere the answer was given by A. Haefliger in 1966. In case when the manifold N is a disjoint union of spheres the answer was given by D. Crowley, S. Ferry and the author in 2011. We consider the next natural case when N is a product of two spheres. In the following theorem, FCS (i, j) ⊂ ℤ2 is a specific set depending only on the parity of i and j which is defined in the paper. Theorem.Assume thatm > 2p + q + 2andm < p + 3q/2 + 2. Then the set of isotopy classes ofC1-smooth embeddingsSp × Sq → Smis infinite if and only if eitherq + 1orp + q + 1is divisible by 4, or there exists a point(x, y)in the set FCS (m - p - q, m - q)such that(m - p - q - 2)x + (m - q - 2)y = m - 3. Our approach is based on a group structure on the set of embeddings and a new exact sequence, which in some sense reduces the classification of embeddings Sp × Sq → Sm to the classification of embeddings Sp+q ⊔ Sq → Sm and Dp × Sq → Sm. The latter classification problems are reduced to homotopy ones, which are solved rationally.

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Berend, Michael Edward, Richard Robert Glisson, and James Albert Nunley. "A Biomechanical Comparison of Intramedullary Nail and Crossed Lag Screw Fixation for Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis." Foot & Ankle International 18, no. 10 (October 1997): 639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079701801007.

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This study compared the mechanical bending and torsional properties of intramedullary nail fixation and lag screw fixation for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis. Seven matched pairs of human cadaver lower extremities were studied, with one hindfoot in each pair stabilized with a 12 mm × 150 mm interlocked intramedullary nail inserted retrograde across the subtalar and ankle joints. The contralateral hindfoot was stabilized with two crossed 6.5 mm cannulated screws inserted across both the ankle and subtalar joints. Specimens were subjected to cantilever bending tests in plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, and eversion and to torsional tests in internal and external rotation. The intramedullary nail construct was significantly ( P < 0.05) stiffer than the crossed lag screw construct in all four bending directions and both rotational directions: plantarflexion (nail, 42.8 N/mm; screws, 16.4 N/mm; P = 0.0003), dorsiflexion (nail, 43.0 N/mm; screws, 10.3 N/mm; P = 0.0005), inversion (nail, 37.7 N/mm; screws, 12.3 N/mm; P = 0.0024), eversion (nail, 35.4 N/mm; screws, 10.8 N/mm; P = 0.0004), internal rotation (nail, 1.29 N-m/°; screws, 0.82 N-m/°; P = 0.01), external rotation (nail, 1.35 N-m/°; screws, 0.44 N-m/°; P = 0.0001). Intramedullary fixation is biomechanically stiffer than crossed lag screws in all bending and torsional directions tested and therefore this construct may aid in maintaining alignment of the hindfoot during union and may help increase fusion rate through increased stability of the internal fixation.

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