Journal articles: 'Union agency'

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Bartkiw, Timothy J. "Unions and Temporary Help Agency Employment." Articles 67, no. 3 (September 28, 2012): 453–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1012539ar.

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Temporary help agency employment (THAE) is a peculiar and often precarious employment form that has become increasingly salient in Canada in recent decades. Seeking to advance both the literatures on precarious work and union renewal, this article examines the effects of the expansion of this unique employment form upon labour unions, and union responses to this phenomenon. The study employed a qualitative exploratory method, involving twenty-four interviews with key informants from fourteen large labour unions, two union federations, and the Toronto-based workers’ centre known as the “Workers’ Action Centre.” Various effects of the expansion of THAE on unions were identified and categorized as relating to either union organizing or representation activities, and a range of union responses to the phenomenon are also discussed. Overall, it is suggested that THAE growth carries the potential to constrain organizing and representation activities in multiple ways, although its effects are highly mediated by other contextual factors. Union responses have thus far been largely limited to incremental adjustments aimed at shoring up traditional organizing and collective bargaining practices.

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Hofmann, Herwig C. H. "Agency Design in the European Union." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 28, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v28i2.4501.

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This article gives a brief overview of the main features, functions and future perspectives of agencies in the European Union [EU]. It highlights the specific notion of the EU’s highly integrated, multi-level legal system as an explanatory factor for the specificities of agency design. The article looks at agencies in the EU through the lens of the structural and procedural arrangements for their independence and their accountability. The article comes to the conclusion that, generally speaking, accountability and independence are defined by and adapted to the position of an agency within the structure of administrative networks implementing EU law and policy. Their raison d’être is usually to coordinate Member State implementing activities rather than taking on these responsibilities themselves.Cet article présente un bref aperçu des caractéristiques principales, des fonctions et des perspectives d’avenir d’agences au sein de l’Union Européenne [UE]. Il met en évidence la notion particulière que les spécificités de la façon dont les agences sont structurées s’expliquent par le fait que le système juridique de l’UE est hautement intégré et à niveaux multiples. L’article examine des agences de l’UE dans la perspective des arrangements structuraux et procéduraux en vue de leur indépendance et de leur obligation de rendre compte. L’article conclut que de façon générale l’obligation de rendre compte et l’indépendance sont définies par, et adaptées à, la position d’une agence dans le cadre des réseaux administratifs qui appliquent la loi et les politiques de l’EU. Leur raison d’être est généralement de coordonner les activités d’application des États Membres plutôt que d’être chargées elles-mêmes de ces responsabilités.

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Aguilar Grieder, Hilda. "Problemas de ley aplicable en el marco de un contrato internacional de agencia comercial: comentario a la sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona (Sección 11ª) de 3 de julio de 2019 = Law applicable problems in the frame of international agency agreements: comments about the judgement issued by the Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona on 3 July 2019." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2020.5196.

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Resumen: El presente trabajo estudia un problema de Derecho aplicable susceptible de plantearse en el marco de los contratos internacionales de agencia comercial.Palabras clave: Unión Europea, Derecho internacional privado, Derecho aplicable, contratos internacionales de agencia comercial.Abstract: This study analyses a law applicable problem which arises in the frame of some international agency agreements.Keywords: European Union, Private International Law, Law applicable, international agency agreements.

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Aguilar Grieder, Hilda. "Sumisión de las partes a los tribunales belgas en el marco de un contrato internacional de agencia comercial: comentario a la sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona (Sección 1ª) de 21 de diciembre de 2018 = Submission of the parts to the Belgien tribunals about the international agency agreements: comments about the judgement issued by the Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona on 21 December 2018." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2019.4966.

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Resumen: El presente estudio analiza un problema frecuente de competencial judicial internacional que se plantea en el marco de los contratos internacionales de agencia comercial.Palabras clave: Unión Europea, Derecho Internacional Privado, competencia judicial internacional, sumisión expresa, contratos internacionales de agencia comercial.Abstract: This study analyses an international jurisdiction problem which arises frecuently in the frame of international agency agreements.Keywords: European Union, Private International Law, international jurisdiction, jurisdiction clauses, international agency agreements.

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Heinrich, Steffen, Karen Shire, and Hannelore Mottweiler. "Fighting (for) the margins: Trade union responses to the emergence of cross-border temporary agency work in the European Union." Journal of Industrial Relations 62, no. 2 (March 18, 2020): 210–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185619900649.

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Recent research suggests that trade unions in the European Union have become more receptive towards temporary and migrant workers and recognise their distinct interests. This article investigates to what extent this shift in attitude informs union responses to cross-border temporary agency work, an important variant of migrant non-standard work in the European Union. This employment form entails several potential lines of intra-labour conflicts of interests, that is, insider versus outsider and domestic versus migrant workers, and thus offers a particularly promising case to study whether and how unions seek to aggregate the interests of an increasingly heterogeneous workforce. Our findings suggest that although trade unions have gained considerable regulatory influence and new capacities to mediate conflicts of interest between different worker groups, a considerable degree of ambiguity remains in union positions and strategies towards temporary agency work and cross-border labour. Instead of gradual steps towards full inclusion of workers regardless of status and origin, union responses are best described as selective representation.

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Oktay Huseynova, Gunel. "AVIATION SECURITY IN EUROPEAN UNION. EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 23, 2021): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/297-300.

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Faced with a massive increase in air traffic resulting from the successful implementation of the single aviation market, the European Union ensures that all European citizens can enjoy the high level of safety in the sky. The European Commission developed a set of basic civil aviation security standards with the Regulation (EC) No 2320/2002, establishing common rules in the field of civil aviation security which was adopted on 16th December 2002 by the European Parliament. In 2008, Regulation (EC) No 300/2008 repealed this Regulation and introduced a series of new measures aimed to improve, streamline and simplify existing procedures. In 2002, the Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 was the founding document of a new entity, the European Aviation Safety Agency. Areas of activity were Certification and Maintenance of aircraft. On 18 March the new Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, repealing the original Basic Regulation was published and applicable from 08 April on. By virtue of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, the EU extended the common aviation safety rules and the corresponding responsibilities of EASA to aircraft operations and aircrew licensing and training. Key words: aviation, security, European Aviation Safety Agency, Joint Aviation Authorities, Joint Aviation Requirements

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Palmer, Ian, and Peter McGraw. "Union Diversification and the Battle for Recognition in the Travel Agency Industry." Journal of Industrial Relations 32, no. 1 (March 1990): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569003200101.

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As a strategy to halt the decline in union membership, the ACTU has targeted service industries and those dominated by women as areas of potential membership growth. The attempts by the Australian Shipping and Travel Officers' Association (ASTOA) and the Federated Clerks' Union (FCU) to organize the travel agency industry demonstrate the problems faced by unions in moving into such traditionally neglected areas. Despite low membership in the industry, and opposition from both the peak employer organization, the Australian Federation of Travel Agents (AFTA), and the FCU, ASTOA has recently been successful in obtaining a consent award covering a small number of companies. This paper employs a dialectical approach to analyze the unions' campaign to organize the industry; the recruitment problems they faced; inter-union rivalries and AFTA strategies to retain control of the industry.

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Adăscăliței, Dragoș, and Ștefan Guga. "Negotiating agency and structure: Trade union organizing strategies in a hostile environment." Economic and Industrial Democracy 38, no. 3 (April 2, 2015): 473–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x15578157.

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This article investigates a case of successful union organizing in one automotive assembly plant in Romania. The authors argue that in order to explain why the union succeeds in defending workers’ rights there is a need to consider both structural and agency aspects that condition labor’s capacity to effectively defend their interests. The findings show that the union at the Romanian plant has made use of a diverse repertoire of protest activities in order to defend its worker constituency. The authors also discuss why as of late protests are less and less used by the union in response to the shifting economic and political environment in which the plant is embedded. They argue that a closer look at the strategy of the Romanian union and the path it has taken in the past decade provides a better understanding of the conditions for union success in an economic, legal, and political environment that has become increasingly hostile toward organized labor. In this sense, the article points to the more general situation unions in Central and Eastern Europe have found themselves in recent years.

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Van Dalsem, Shane. "Effects of Credit Union Service Organizations on Credit Union Performance." Journal of Finance Issues 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.58886/jfi.v15i1.2482.

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This study examines the effects of credit union service organizations (CUSOs) on credit union performance for the period 2009 through 2014. I use random effects models with Mundlak (1978) correction to estimate the relationships between CUSOs and credit union performance variables. Credit union participation in CUSOs increased over the sample period and participation increases with credit union size. CUSO participation is divided based on whether the credit union wholly owned the CUSO or was required to collaborate with other institutions. I find evidence that participation in wholly-owned CUSOs increases the interest rate spread, collaborative consumer mortgage origination reduces loan rates, and insurance brokerage or agency significantly increases non-interest income for credit unions. The results of the study support existing findings that small organizations are reluctant to give up autonomy and offer insight on which CUSOs benefit credit unions and their members.

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Collins, R. Douglas. "Agency Shop in Public Employment." Public Personnel Management 15, no. 2 (June 1986): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102608601500207.

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The controversial requirement that the employees of a public agency financially support a union as a condition of keeping their jobs is examined, looking at its historic and legal roots, and at its practical consequences for public management. The author draws from the California experience, where agency shop legislation has been in effect for several years, and examines relevant decisions of various courts and boards. The relationship between agency shop and a union's legal obligation to represent both union members and non-members is explored as the legal and ethical basis for agency shop legislation. General exceptions to the payment of agency shop fees, including the often misunderstood religious exemption, are reviewed, as are the uses to which a union may put any such money which it collects.

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Herbert, William A. "Janus v AFSCME, Council 31: Judges Will Haunt You in the Second Gilded Age." Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations 74, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1059469ar.

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This essay examines the United States Supreme Court’s 2018 decision in Janus v AFSCME, Council 31, which concluded that agency shop provisions violate the First Amendment rights of public sector workers who are not union members but receive the fruits of the representation. This decision reversed over 40 years of precedent and imposed “right to work” as a new federal constitutional mandate, fulfilling the dream of anti-union forces since the first Gilded Age. The essay begins with a brief history of the open shop movement and the development of the agency shop as a constitutionally permissible form of union security in the private and public sectors. It then describes how an activist Supreme Court majority undermined the constitutionality of the agency shop, which set the stage for the Janus decision. The essay summarizes the majority and dissenting opinions in Janus, and describes how unions, employers, and some state legislatures are responding to the decision’s immediate impact.

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Irving, Alexander J. D. "Divine Agency and Human Agency in the Sacramentology of T. F. Torrance." Evangelical Quarterly 89, no. 3 (April 26, 2018): 258–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-08903005.

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Torrance’s sacramentology is characterised by the unequal collaboration of divine agency and human agency. The sacraments of the Church derive their content and significance from the act of God through the incarnate Word (the primary Sacrament), and through the sacraments of the Church, Christ himself ministers to his Church. Ultimately, this collaborative sacramentology is conditioned by its being framed within the conceptual structure of the hypostatic union, which Torrance holds to be the normative example of the divine-human relationship. The hypostatic union thus provides the necessary unitive framework for sacramental theology. Within this unitive frame, Torrance presents baptism and the Eucharist as ecclesial acts which have their presupposition and content in the act of God in Jesus Christ.

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Rittberger, Berthold, and Arndt Wonka. "Introduction: agency governance in the European Union." Journal of European Public Policy 18, no. 6 (September 2011): 780–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2011.593356.

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Caspersz, Donella. "Asian Working Women and Agency: Their Voices." Economic and Labour Relations Review 14, no. 1 (June 2003): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530460301400105.

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The aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges of organising women workers in Asia, and to discuss how trade unions can facilitate their more effective participation in these movements. The paper is primarily informed by research undertaken with Southern Initiative on Globalization and Trade Union Rights (SIGTUR). Formed in Perth, Western Australia in 1991 and made up of delegates from India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, the Philippines, Hong Kong, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand and Brazil, the aim of SIGTUR is to promote collaborative activity by independent trade unions in the ‘South’ or rather countries within the Asia-Pacific. The paper highlights the effects of neo-liberalism on workers and develop appropriate international responses.

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SHEIKH, ABDULLAH ZAFAR. "The Implications of Pay-Rolling Agency Systems for Workers’ Statutory Rights in Pakistan." Journal of Social Policy 42, no. 2 (February 22, 2013): 371–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279412001031.

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AbstractThe proliferation of agency employment in Pakistan is a serious social problem and a public policy concern because of the potentially negative implications for agency workers’ basic statutory rights. Agency workers are normally given a vastly different, often negligible, package of benefits compared to their permanent counterparts and are generally excluded from collective bargaining arrangements. Unions regard the use of agency employment as a threat to their jurisdiction and membership. This study explored the motives, nature and implications of agency employment in six case study organisations in Pakistan. A total of eighty-nine interviews, undertaken with employers’ representatives, agency and union officials and agency workers revealed sufficient evidence confirming previous anecdotal evidence that some employment agencies are not truly genuine and the set up was merely a legal fiction. Evidence suggested that agency employment often involves dubious, unfair, law-evading and at times illegal practices, such as the use of pay-rolling agencies. The pay-rolling agency system is potentially an attempt by employers to bypass statutory obligations concerning workers’ benefit entitlements and trade union rights by paying workers through an agency to illustrate the indirectness of employment. It thus appeared from the evidence that the use of temporary agency workers is, in many instances, a labour relations strategy rather than a matter of workforce flexibility, and challenges the widely held belief that temporary work has only been a natural and inevitable response to changes in the economy.

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Rittau, Yasmin. "Regional Union Response to Regional Restructuring: A Case Study of Union Agency." Economic and Industrial Democracy 26, no. 3 (August 2005): 479–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x05054744.

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Lee, Barbara A., and James Chelius. "Government Regulation of Labor-Management Corruption: The Casino Industry Experience in New Jersey." ILR Review 42, no. 4 (July 1989): 536–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398904200405.

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This study evaluates the impact of New Jersey's 1977 law controlling the casino industry and its unions. Based on interviews with casino managers, union representatives, state regulatory agency officials, and attorneys, the authors conclude that the Casino Control Commission has kept casino ownership and management free from organized crime, but only by means of stringent, unpopular regulations, such as licensing requirements that can delay the hiring of casino dealers for months. The Commission has been less successful in policing unions, partly, the authors argue, because of federal laws protecting unions. For example, union officials who are removed from office because of alleged associations with crime organizations can be (and have been) rehired by the union as consultants.

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Cairns, Stephen. "Agency." Architectural Research Quarterly 13, no. 2 (June 2009): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135509990182.

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‘Agency’ is a beguiling word. It has the immediacy of a call-to-arms and the remoteness and anonymity of a bureaucratic function. Agency, as action in the world, underpins revolutionary social change, and the representation of someone else's interests – usually at a distance – in a governmental or business context. It is implicated in both the agitprop of the Reclaim the Streets network, or Brazil's Homeless Workers Movement, and in state bureaucracies such as the UK Border Agency, or commercial franchises such as the Western Union. The term encapsulates two quite distinctive forms of action: one individuated, collective and immediate; and the other systemic, anonymised and bureaucratic. It is no accident, then, that in academic literature ‘agency’ is often paired with ‘structure’, and in the binarised form, structure/agency, is used to refer to the tension between the creative actions of individuals and the social, political and economic structures that supposedly constrain them. The fact that architects are expected to exercise agency in both of these senses – as creative actors and as representatives of their clients' interests – gives the theme further significance.

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Suhartoyo, Suhartoyo. "Orientasi Pengaturan Organisasi Serikat Buruh atau Serikat Pekerja Dalam Konteks Hukum Nasional." Administrative Law and Governance Journal 2, no. 4 (November 6, 2019): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/alj.v2i4.661-671.

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Abstract The research aims to determine the organization of labor organizations in the context of national law in Indonesia. The results of the study show that trade union organizations that can represent workers/laborers in dispute in the Industrial Relations Court are trade unions that have fulfilled the requirements for the formation of trade unions and who have made notice and record to the labor agency, this provision is technically clarified in Decree of the Minister of Manpower and Transmigration No. 16 of 2001 Article 2 to Article 10 which provides an explanation of two basic things, namely: Written notification to the local manpower agency if a trade union / labor union has been formed Written notification to its partners (in accordance with its level) after receiving number of registration evidence, written notification to the new local manpower agency in accordance with the transfer of domicile of the trade union / labor union, written notification to the labor agency that provides the number of registration evidence if there is a change in the Articles of Association / By-Laws, Written notification to local labor agencies for trade unions/labor unions that receive financial assistance from overseas for organizational activities, Written notification to local labor agencies for trade unions/labor unions that have been disbanded to revoke registration records . Keywords: Labor organizations, Employment, National Law Abstrak Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaturan organisasi buruh dalam konteks hukum nasional di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa Organisasi serikat pekerja/buruh yang dapat mewakili pekerja/buruh yang bersengketa di Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial adalah serikat pekerja/buruh yang telah memenuhi syarat pembentukan serikat pekerja/buruh dan yang telah melakukan pemberitahuan dan pencatatan kepada instansi ketenagakerjaan, ketentuan ini secara teknis diperjelas dalam Keputusan Menteri Tenaga Kerja Dan Transmigrasi No 16 Tahun 2001 Pasal 2 hingga Pasal 10 yang memberikan penjelasan dua hal mendasar yakni: Pemberitahuan tertulis kepada instansi ketenagakerjaan setempat bila serikat pekerja/serikat buruh telah terbentuk Pemberitahuan tertulis kepada mitra kerjanya (sesuai tingkatannya) setelah mendapat nomor bukti pencatatan, Pemberitahuan tertulis kepada instansi ketenagakerjaan setempat yang baru sesuai melakukan perpindahan domisili serikat pekerja/serikat buruh, Pemberitahuan tertulis kepada instansi ketenagakerjaan yang memberikan nomor bukti pencatatan bila terjadi perubahan anggaran dasar/anggaran rumah tangga, Pemberitahuan tertulis kepadan instansi ketenagakerjaan setempat bagi serikat pekerja/serikat buruh yang menerima bantuan keuangan dari luar negeri untuk kegiatan organisasi, Pemberitahuan tertulis kepada instansi ketenagakerjaan setempat bagi serikat pekerja/serikat buruh yang telah bubar untuk dicabut tanda bukti pencatatan. Kata Kunci: Organisasi buruh, Ketengakerjaan, Hukum Nasional

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Serban, Ileana Daniela. "Agency and governance in European Union international development." Third World Quarterly 42, no. 12 (October 4, 2021): 2902–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1979955.

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Serban, Ileana Daniela. "Agency and governance in European Union international development." Third World Quarterly 42, no. 12 (October 4, 2021): 2902–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1979955.

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Wałucka, Nikol. "Frontex As a Specialised Agency of European Union." Studenckie Zeszyty Naukowe 18, no. 27 (October 12, 2015): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/szn.2015.18.27.123.

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Trondal, Jarle, and Lene Jeppesen. "Images of Agency Governance in the European Union." West European Politics 31, no. 3 (April 8, 2008): 417–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402380801939636.

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Busch, Danny, and Laura MacGregor. "Unauthorized Agency." European Review of Private Law 17, Issue 6 (December 1, 2009): 967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2009061.

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This paper seeks to provide an overview of the project which led to publication of the book The Unauthorised Agent: Perspectives from European and Comparative Law, published by Cambridge University Press in 2009. Broadly speaking, the project concerned the problems caused by agents who act in an unauthorized manner and the legal concepts used to tackle those problems. These issues are analysed in the context of different national legal systems within the European Union and beyond. Drawing on the national chapters, the authors provide a detailed comparative analysis. Within this context, they assess whether a common law/civil law divide exists, and also analyse the contribution made by mixed legal systems. Finally, the book assesses the approach of international instruments such as the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL) and the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts.

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Perepolkin, S. M. "Legal Status of European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol)." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 3 (February 20, 2022): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2021.03.50.

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The success of Ukraine's strategic course towards full membership in the European Union depends on many factors, in particular, on establishing effective cooperation with the Member States of the European Union and its bodies in the field of prevention and counteraction to various manifestations of organized crime. Among the various agencies of the European Union, European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) performs the largest amount of work in this field. In this regard, the article analyzes the history of Europol from its inception as an international intergovernmental organization (European Police Office) to its current state - an independent European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol). To disclose the legal status of Europol, the focus is on the purpose and objectives of its creation, the types of crimes against which Europol’s work is directed, the competence of Europol, which covers more than forty forms of criminal activity, the structure of internal bodies, the normative legal bases of Europol’s interaction with the Member States and other agencies of the European Union, third countries (strategic cooperation agreements and operational cooperation agreements) and international organizations, the genesis of the normative legal bases for relations between Europol and Ukraine. According to the results of the study, the history of the formation of the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) is proposed to be divided into two stages: 1. Europol as an international intergovernmental organization of the Contracting Parties to the Convention on the establishment of a European Police Office of 26 July 1995; 2. Europol as the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol). At each stage of Europol's formation, its legal status also changed. At the present stage of Europol's work, its legal status is determined by the Regulation (EU) 2016/794 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 on the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol).

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Wawrzusiszyn, Andrzej. "The Role of Frontex in Enhancing Transborder Security of the European Union." Internal Security 14, no. 1 (October 11, 2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.0374.

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The Frontex Agency is one of the key institutions of the European Union (EU) as a coordinator of the cooperation on transborder security at the national and European levels. The activity of Frontex relates to the broad acquis communautaire of the area of freedom, security and justice (AFSJ). The migration crisis, and particularly the lack of European solidarity and the dependence on the will of individual member states, revealed the operational limitations of the agency and its ineffectiveness in the assigned scope of competence. Its mandate was consequently reformed to include the initiative to organise missions. The agency itself was transformed into the European Border and Coast Guard Agency (EBCGA) but kept the shortened name of Frontex. The new institution came to life as a partnership between Frontex and member state authorities responsible for border management. Frontex continues to support states in emergencies, however, it fails to provide a permanent guarantee of transborder security of the EU. The research problem addressed in this study centres on the activity of Frontex and its role in ensuring transborder security in the EU. The theoretical foundations are backed with an analysis of source materials (legal texts), media reports and observations of the agency’s development. Frontex jest jedną z kluczowych instytucji Unii Europejskiej (UE), pełniącą rolę koordynatora współpracy w zakresie bezpieczeństwa transgranicznego na poziomie krajowym i europejskim. Działalność Frontexu odnosi się do szerokiego dorobku prawnego Wspólnoty w zakresie przestrzeni wolności, bezpieczeństwa i sprawiedliwości. Kryzys migracyjny, a zwłaszcza brak solidarności europejskiej i zależność od woli poszczególnych państw członkowskich, ujawniły ograniczenia operacyjne agencji i jej nieskuteczność w wyznaczonym zakresie kompetencji. W związku z tym zreformowano jej uprawnienia, włączając do nich inicjatywę organizowania misji. Sama agencja została przekształcona w Europejską Agencję Straży Granicznej i Przybrzeżnej, ale zachowała skróconą nazwę Frontex. Nowa instytucja powstała jako partnerstwo między agencją Frontex a organami państw członkowskich odpowiedzialnymi za zarządzanie granicami. Frontex nadal wspiera państwa w sytuacjach kryzysowych, jednak nie jest w stanie zapewnić stałej gwarancji bezpieczeństwa transgranicznego UE. Problem badawczy podjęty w niniejszym opracowaniu dotyczy działalności FRONTEX-u i jego roli w zapewnianiu bezpieczeństwa transgranicznego w UE. Podstawy teoretyczne poparte są analizą materiałów źródłowych (tekstów prawnych), doniesień medialnych i obserwacji rozwoju agencji. Die Frontex-Agentur ist eine der Schlüsselinstitutionen der Europäischen Union (EU) und koordiniert die Zusammenarbeit im Bereich der grenzüberschreitenden Sicherheit auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene. Die Tätigkeit von Frontex bezieht sich auf den umfassenden gemeinschaftlichen Besitzstand des Raums der Freiheit, der Sicherheit und des Rechts (RFSR). Die Migrationskrise und insbesondere der Mangel an europäischer Solidarität und die Abhängigkeit vom Willen der einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten haben die operativen Grenzen der Agentur und ihre Ineffizienz in dem ihr zugewiesenen Zuständigkeitsbereich deutlich gemacht. Das Mandat der Agentur wurde daher reformiert, um ihr die Initiative zur Organisation von Missionen zu übertragen. Die Agentur selbst wurde in die Europäische Agentur für die Grenz- und Küstenwache (EBCGA) umgewandelt, behielt aber den verkürzten Namen Frontex bei. Die neue Institution wurde als Partnerschaft zwischen Frontex und den für die Grenzverwaltung zuständigen Behörden der Mitgliedstaaten ins Leben gerufen. Frontex unterstützt weiterhin Staaten in Notfällen, kann aber keine dauerhafte Garantie für die grenzüberschreitende Sicherheit der EU bieten. Das Forschungsproblem, das in dieser Studie behandelt wird, konzentriert sich auf die Tätigkeit von Frontex und ihre Rolle bei der Gewährleistung der grenzüberschreitenden Sicherheit in der EU. Die theoretischen Grundlagen wurden durch eine Analyse von Quellenmaterial (Gesetzestexte), Medienberichten und Beobachtungen der Entwicklung der Agentur untermauert. ФРОНТЕКС — один из ключевых институтов Европейского Союза (ЕС), выступающий в качестве координатора трансграничного сотрудничества в области безопасности на национальном и европейском уровнях. Деятельность Фронтекс относится к широкому законодательному опыту в области свободы, безопасности и правосудия. Миграционный кризис, в частности отсутствие европейской солидарности и зависимость от воли отдельных государств-членов, выявил оперативные ограничения Агентства и его неэффективность в определенной сфере компетентности. В связи с этим, его полномочия были изменены, чтобы включить инициативу по организации миссий. Само Агентство преобразовано в Европейское агентство пограничной и береговой охраны, но оно сохранило также название Фронтекс. Новый институт был создан как партнерство между Фронтекс и органами государств-членов, ответственными за управление границами. Фронтекс продолжает оказывать поддержку странам в кризисных ситуациях, но не в состоянии обеспечить постоянную гарантию трансграничной безопасности ЕС. Проблема исследования, рассматриваемая в данной статье, касается деятельности ФРОНТЕКС и его роли в обеспечении трансграничной безопасности в ЕС. Теоретические положения подтверждены результатами анализа источников (юридических документов), сообщений СМИ и мониторинга развития Агентства.

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Benassi, Chiara, and Tim Vlandas. "Union inclusiveness and temporary agency workers: The role of power resources and union ideology." European Journal of Industrial Relations 22, no. 1 (June 16, 2015): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680115589485.

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Cho, Hyungjin, Bryan Byung-Hee Lee, Woo-Jong Lee, and Byungcherl Charlie Sohn. "Do Labor Unions Always Lead to Underinvestment?" Journal of Management Accounting Research 29, no. 1 (July 1, 2016): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jmar-51534.

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ABSTRACT We examine the relation between labor union strength and investment efficiency using the comprehensive firm-level data of Korean-listed companies. We find that the perceived underinvestment related to unionization documented in previous studies is attributable to a negative relation between union strength and investment in overinvesting firms. In fact, union strength is positively related to the level of investment in underinvesting firms. We further find that the relation between union strength and investment efficiency is more pronounced for chaebol firms where inefficient investments are more likely due to greater agency problems between the controlling and minority shareholders. Finally, we document that the investment has more positive value implications in firms with a stronger union. Our results suggest that unions play an important role as a nonfinancial stakeholder in curbing inefficient investments. JEL Classifications: G30; G31; J53; J54; M41; M54.

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Benassi, Chiara, Lisa Dorigatti, and Elisa Pannini. "Explaining divergent bargaining outcomes for agency workers: The role of labour divides and labour market reforms." European Journal of Industrial Relations 25, no. 2 (June 22, 2018): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680118783547.

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Under what conditions can unions successfully regulate precarious employment? We compare the divergent trajectories of collective bargaining on agency work in the Italian and German metal sectors from the late 1990s. We explain the differences by the interaction between trade unions’ institutional and associational power resources, mediated by employers’ divide-and-rule strategies and by union strategies to (re)build a unitary front. In both countries, the liberalization of agency work allowed employers to exploit labour divides, undermining unions’ associational power and preventing labour from negotiating effectively. However, while Italian unions remained ‘trapped’ in the vicious circle between weak legislation and fragmented labour, German unions were able to overcome their internal divides. The different degree of success depended on the nature of the divides within the labour movements.

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Tambor, Milton Lee. "Containment, Accommodation, and Participative Management in Agency Union Relations." Journal of Progressive Human Services 5, no. 1 (May 13, 1994): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j059v05n01_04.

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Håkansson, Kristina, and Tommy Isidorsson. "The trade union response to agency labour in Sweden." Industrial Relations Journal 45, no. 1 (January 2014): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/irj.12040.

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Heery, Edmund. "The trade union response to agency labour in Britain." Industrial Relations Journal 35, no. 5 (September 2004): 434–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.2004.00325.x.

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Jasani, Bhupendra. "Western European Union — basis for a European verification agency?" Space Policy 6, no. 3 (August 1990): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-9646(90)90067-8.

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Gall, Gregor. "An Agency of Their Own. Sex Worker Union Organising." Gender in Management: An International Journal 28, no. 4 (June 7, 2013): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-01-2013-0003.

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Cumbers, A., C. Nativel, and P. Routledge. "Labour agency and union positionalities in global production networks." Journal of Economic Geography 8, no. 3 (February 29, 2008): 369–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn008.

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Saundry, Richard, Valerie Antcliff, and Alison Hollinrake. "Union learning representatives in the UK: activity, impact and organization." Work, Employment and Society 31, no. 2 (March 1, 2016): 265–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016630247.

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The debate over the significance of union learning representatives (ULRs) in the UK has become increasingly polarized. Some commentators see little prospect of ULRs contributing to advancing either workplace learning or union organization due to the constraints of neo-liberal state policy. An opposing view emphasizes union agency in developing a collective approach to learning and extended joint regulation through a process of critical engagement. This article presents analysis of data from the 2009 National Survey of ULRs, which finds a positive relationship between ULR activity and its impact in enhancing training outcomes, increasing union membership and the joint regulation of workplace learning. This supports arguments that agency of ULRs is not inevitably suppressed by the structural limitations of union learning.

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Rogalewski, Adam. "Organising and mobilising Central and Eastern European migrant women working in care. A case study of a successful care workers’ strike in Switzerland in 2014." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 24, no. 4 (October 3, 2018): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258918800407.

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This article analyses the experience of Unia, the largest Swiss trade union, in organising Central and Eastern European (CEE) migrant workers in the context of the female workers’ strike that took place in 2014 at Primula, a small care company in Switzerland. The article argues that it is crucial to take into consideration the mobilisation potential of female workers from Central and Eastern Europe and that, combined with adequate support from the union, this could become a powerful tool for advancing their rights. Moreover, their mobilisation potential and collective agency, if properly channelled by trade unions, could also be deployed for the benefit of local workers. Finally, the article suggests that western European trade unions may want to reconsider their approach to organising Central and Eastern European women migrants and recognise their potential for active involvement in the union.

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Hoffmann, Stanley, and Mark A. Pollack. "The Engines of European Integration: Delegation, Agency, and Agenda Setting in the European Union." Foreign Affairs 82, no. 5 (2003): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20033717.

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Del Guercio, Diane, and Tracie Woidtke. "Can Strong Corporate Governance Selectively Mitigate the Negative Influence of “Special Interest” Shareholder Activists? Evidence from the Labor Market for Directors." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 54, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 1573–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109018001217.

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Union and public pension funds, the most prolific institutional activists employing low-cost targeting methods, are often accused of pursuing private benefits. Extant literature finds that unions representing workers, as stakeholders, are not aligned with shareholders. Limiting shareholder power may mitigate “special interest” activism but can also exacerbate managerial agency problems. In two different settings, majority approved and withdrawn shareholder proposals, we examine and find supportive evidence that the director labor market as a corporate governance mechanism can selectively mitigate the negative influence that conflicted stakeholder-shareholder union funds have over firms without stifling all influence of low-cost activists.

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Jaegal, Uk, and Kwan-tae Park. "The Study of the Administrative Work Operation System: Focused on Public Officers' Recognition of the Seoul and Gyeongbuk." National Association of Korean Local Government Studies 24, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.38134/klgr.2022.24.2.001.

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Workers are free to organize or join labor unions and are assured labor's three primary rights. The guarantee of workers' right to organize under the Constitution and the labor union under the Labor Union Act should be finished the report of the establishment by organizing independently with workers becoming the main body and by having the qualification of not conforming to the active and passive requirements with the aim of improving and maintaining the working conditions and of enhancing other workers’ economic and social position. The administrative agency's recent notification of non-legal union to teachers' union caused a considerable social controversy in relation to the existence of labor unions. This outlawed trade union notification system is what raises a fundamental question about the legal status of a trade union and is what determines the existence of labor unions under the leadership of the administrative authorities, thereby bringing about various constitutional problems. This system has problems such as the regulatory autonomy, the over-packing of risks, the excessive intervention by the administrative agency, and the weakening of workers' right to a trial. When a labor organization of meeting the substantial requirements for a trade union does not receive a certificate of the establishment report, it is considered to be just unable to get a certain amount of protection such as the labor dispute mediation and the application for relief of unfair labor practices, but to be capable of being protected general rights, which are recognized by the subjects of enjoying the basic labor rights. Also, an individual worker who is a member of the organization may apply to the Labor Relations Commission for relief in own name or in the name of the organization concerned when dismissal or other disadvantageous treatment thereof corresponds to an unfair labor practice. When an employer inflicts a damage by infringing on the legitimate unity activities of the organization, the organization needs to be regarded as being capable of claiming the damages for illegal activities.

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Kim, Hyojin, Myongjun Kim, and Eun-Sik Kim. "A Study on the Legal Status of the Self-Governing Rights of Outside-Law Labor Union." National Association of Korean Local Government Studies 24, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.38134/klgr.2022.24.2.027.

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Workers are free to organize or join labor unions and are assured labor's three primary rights. The guarantee of workers' right to organize under the Constitution and the labor union under the Labor Union Act should be finished the report of the establishment by organizing independently with workers becoming the main body and by having the qualification of not conforming to the active and passive requirements with the aim of improving and maintaining the working conditions and of enhancing other workers’ economic and social position. The administrative agency's recent notification of non-legal union to teachers' union caused a considerable social controversy in relation to the existence of labor unions. This outlawed trade union notification system is what raises a fundamental question about the legal status of a trade union and is what determines the existence of labor unions under the leadership of the administrative authorities, thereby bringing about various constitutional problems. This system has problems such as the regulatory autonomy, the over-packing of risks, the excessive intervention by the administrative agency, and the weakening of workers' right to a trial. When a labor organization of meeting the substantial requirements for a trade union does not receive a certificate of the establishment report, it is considered to be just unable to get a certain amount of protection such as the labor dispute mediation and the application for relief of unfair labor practices, but to be capable of being protected general rights, which are recognized by the subjects of enjoying the basic labor rights. Also, an individual worker who is a member of the organization may apply to the Labor Relations Commission for relief in own name or in the name of the organization concerned when dismissal or other disadvantageous treatment thereof corresponds to an unfair labor practice. When an employer inflicts a damage by infringing on the legitimate unity activities of the organization, the organization needs to be regarded as being capable of claiming the damages for illegal activities.

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42

Martens, Deborah, Annelien Gansemans, Jan Orbie, and Marijke D'Haese. "Trade Unions in Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives: What Shapes Their Participation?" Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 20, 2018): 4295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114295.

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There is a growing concern about the extent to which multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs), designed to improve social and environmental sustainability in global supply chains, give a meaningful voice to less powerful stakeholders. Trade unions are one particular civil society group whose participation in MSIs has received little scholarly attention so far. The objective of this paper is to examine the determinants that enable and constrain trade union participation in MSIs. Based on interviews, focus groups, observations and document analysis we determine local trade union participation in three MSIs, operating at company, national and transnational level respectively, in the Costa Rican pineapple industry. To explain the limited encountered trade union participation, an analytical framework is developed combining structural and agency dimensions, namely the MSI design and trade union’s power resources. The findings show shortcomings in the representativeness, procedural fairness and consensual orientation in the design and implementation of the MSIs. These are, however, not sufficient to explain weak trade union participation as trade union power resources also have an influence. Strong network embeddedness and improved infrastructural resources had a positive effect, whereas the lack of internal solidarity and unfavourable narrative resources constrained the unions’ participation.

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Bulmer, Simon, and Jonathan Joseph. "European integration in crisis? Of supranational integration, hegemonic projects and domestic politics." European Journal of International Relations 22, no. 4 (July 24, 2016): 725–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066115612558.

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The European Union is facing multiple challenges. Departing from mainstream theory, this article adopts a fresh approach to understanding integration. It does so by taking two theoretical steps. The first introduces the structure–agency debate in order to make explicit the relationship between macro-structures, the institutional arrangements at European Union level and agency. The second proposes that the state of integration should be understood as the outcome of contestation between competing hegemonic projects that derive from underlying social processes and that find their primary expression in domestic politics. These two steps facilitate an analysis of the key areas of contestation in the contemporary European Union, illustrated by an exploration of the current crisis in the European Union, and open up the development of an alternative, critical, theory of integration.

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Durazzi, Niccolo, Timo Fleckenstein, and Soohyun Christine Lee. "Social Solidarity for All? Trade Union Strategies, Labor Market Dualization, and the Welfare State in Italy and South Korea." Politics & Society 46, no. 2 (May 23, 2018): 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032329218773712.

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Challenging the new political-economic “mainstream” that considers trade unions to be “complicit” in labor market dualization, this article’s analysis of union strategies in Italy and South Korea, most-different union movements perceived as unlikely cases for the pursuit of broader social solidarity, shows that in both countries unions have successively moved away from insider-focused strategies and toward “solidarity for all” in the industrial relations arena as well as in their social policy preferences. Furthermore, unions explored new avenues of political agency, often in alliance with civil society organizations. This convergent trend toward a social model of unionism is ascribed to a response of unions to a “double crisis”: that is, a socioeconomic crisis, which takes the form of a growing periphery of the labor market associated with growing social exclusion, and a sociopolitical crisis, which takes the form of an increasing marginalization of the unions from the political process.

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Stauber, Péter, and Detlef Schröder. "CEPOL’s External Action: Evolution and Outlook." Belügyi Szemle 70, no. 1. ksz. (March 17, 2022): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.38146/bsz.spec.2022.1.8.

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This article aims to present the evolution and further perspectives of the external action by the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL). By analysing the legal background in light of the subsequent mandates of the Agency and against various policy documents, the authors demonstrate the impressive evolution of the past 20 years, both in terms of volume and quality, that has made CEPOL a key player in the European Union’s internal-external security nexus. The Agency has managed to engage nearly all countries in the EU’s proximity on the one hand by concluding cooperation instruments, on the other hand by managing dedicated capacity-building projects. Via all these means, the European law enforcement culture is spread among partner countries’ law enforcement communities. CEPOL is thus actively contributing to the high level of internal security of the European Union, serving its primary customers, i.e. the EU Member States, and well beyond the borders of the Union.

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SEGELL, GLEN M. "Intelligence Agency Relations Between the European Union and the U.S." International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 17, no. 1 (January 2004): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08850600490252678.

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Mrozowicki, Adam, Valeria Pulignano, and Geert Van Hootegem. "Worker agency and trade union renewal: the case of Poland." Work, Employment and Society 24, no. 2 (June 2010): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017010362143.

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48

Briskin, Linda. "Victimisation and agency: the social construction of union women's leadership." Industrial Relations Journal 37, no. 4 (July 2006): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.2006.00409.x.

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Chan, Chee Khoon. "The World Bank: Development Agency, Credit Union, or Institutional Dinosaur?" International Journal of Political Economy 37, no. 1 (April 2008): 24–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/ijp0891-1916370102.

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Ingle, Dinesh, Raj Bhavsar, Jagruti Pawar, Atul Patil, and Pankaj Nerkar. "Overview of Vaccine Regulations in European Union and Japan." International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v10i1.505.

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In this article we identified the important considerations, in particular , on the preclinical assessments that would allow vaccines to proceed to clinical trials, and the differences on the regulatory pathway for the marketing authorization in each region like National procedure, Decentralized procedures, Centralized procedure, Mutual Recognition Procedure (MRP) monitored by European Medicines Agency (EMA) in Europe , Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) in relation with Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) (determines if a proposed study meets the regulatory filing requirements in Japan), The various different types of vaccine regulations was studied with its approval , and development procedure are discussed.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Union agency'

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