Relevant bibliographies by topics / Union agency

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Union agency'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Union agency"

1

Bartkiw, Timothy J. "Unions and Temporary Help Agency Employment." Articles 67, no. 3 (September 28, 2012): 453–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1012539ar.

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Temporary help agency employment (THAE) is a peculiar and often precarious employment form that has become increasingly salient in Canada in recent decades. Seeking to advance both the literatures on precarious work and union renewal, this article examines the effects of the expansion of this unique employment form upon labour unions, and union responses to this phenomenon. The study employed a qualitative exploratory method, involving twenty-four interviews with key informants from fourteen large labour unions, two union federations, and the Toronto-based workers’ centre known as the “Workers’ Action Centre.” Various effects of the expansion of THAE on unions were identified and categorized as relating to either union organizing or representation activities, and a range of union responses to the phenomenon are also discussed. Overall, it is suggested that THAE growth carries the potential to constrain organizing and representation activities in multiple ways, although its effects are highly mediated by other contextual factors. Union responses have thus far been largely limited to incremental adjustments aimed at shoring up traditional organizing and collective bargaining practices.
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Hofmann, Herwig C. H. "Agency Design in the European Union." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 28, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v28i2.4501.

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This article gives a brief overview of the main features, functions and future perspectives of agencies in the European Union [EU]. It highlights the specific notion of the EU’s highly integrated, multi-level legal system as an explanatory factor for the specificities of agency design. The article looks at agencies in the EU through the lens of the structural and procedural arrangements for their independence and their accountability. The article comes to the conclusion that, generally speaking, accountability and independence are defined by and adapted to the position of an agency within the structure of administrative networks implementing EU law and policy. Their raison d’être is usually to coordinate Member State implementing activities rather than taking on these responsibilities themselves.Cet article présente un bref aperçu des caractéristiques principales, des fonctions et des perspectives d’avenir d’agences au sein de l’Union Européenne [UE]. Il met en évidence la notion particulière que les spécificités de la façon dont les agences sont structurées s’expliquent par le fait que le système juridique de l’UE est hautement intégré et à niveaux multiples. L’article examine des agences de l’UE dans la perspective des arrangements structuraux et procéduraux en vue de leur indépendance et de leur obligation de rendre compte. L’article conclut que de façon générale l’obligation de rendre compte et l’indépendance sont définies par, et adaptées à, la position d’une agence dans le cadre des réseaux administratifs qui appliquent la loi et les politiques de l’EU. Leur raison d’être est généralement de coordonner les activités d’application des États Membres plutôt que d’être chargées elles-mêmes de ces responsabilités.
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Aguilar Grieder, Hilda. "Problemas de ley aplicable en el marco de un contrato internacional de agencia comercial: comentario a la sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona (Sección 11ª) de 3 de julio de 2019 = Law applicable problems in the frame of international agency agreements: comments about the judgement issued by the Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona on 3 July 2019." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2020.5196.

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Resumen: El presente trabajo estudia un problema de Derecho aplicable susceptible de plantearse en el marco de los contratos internacionales de agencia comercial.Palabras clave: Unión Europea, Derecho internacional privado, Derecho aplicable, contratos internacionales de agencia comercial.Abstract: This study analyses a law applicable problem which arises in the frame of some international agency agreements.Keywords: European Union, Private International Law, Law applicable, international agency agreements.
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Aguilar Grieder, Hilda. "Sumisión de las partes a los tribunales belgas en el marco de un contrato internacional de agencia comercial: comentario a la sentencia de la Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona (Sección 1ª) de 21 de diciembre de 2018 = Submission of the parts to the Belgien tribunals about the international agency agreements: comments about the judgement issued by the Audiencia Provincial de Barcelona on 21 December 2018." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2019.4966.

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Resumen: El presente estudio analiza un problema frecuente de competencial judicial internacio­nal que se plantea en el marco de los contratos internacionales de agencia comercial.Palabras clave: Unión Europea, Derecho Internacional Privado, competencia judicial internacio­nal, sumisión expresa, contratos internacionales de agencia comercial.Abstract: This study analyses an international jurisdiction problem which arises frecuently in the frame of international agency agreements.Keywords: European Union, Private International Law, international jurisdiction, jurisdiction clauses, international agency agreements.
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Heinrich, Steffen, Karen Shire, and Hannelore Mottweiler. "Fighting (for) the margins: Trade union responses to the emergence of cross-border temporary agency work in the European Union." Journal of Industrial Relations 62, no. 2 (March 18, 2020): 210–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185619900649.

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Recent research suggests that trade unions in the European Union have become more receptive towards temporary and migrant workers and recognise their distinct interests. This article investigates to what extent this shift in attitude informs union responses to cross-border temporary agency work, an important variant of migrant non-standard work in the European Union. This employment form entails several potential lines of intra-labour conflicts of interests, that is, insider versus outsider and domestic versus migrant workers, and thus offers a particularly promising case to study whether and how unions seek to aggregate the interests of an increasingly heterogeneous workforce. Our findings suggest that although trade unions have gained considerable regulatory influence and new capacities to mediate conflicts of interest between different worker groups, a considerable degree of ambiguity remains in union positions and strategies towards temporary agency work and cross-border labour. Instead of gradual steps towards full inclusion of workers regardless of status and origin, union responses are best described as selective representation.
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Oktay Huseynova, Gunel. "AVIATION SECURITY IN EUROPEAN UNION. EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 23, 2021): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/297-300.

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Faced with a massive increase in air traffic resulting from the successful implementation of the single aviation market, the European Union ensures that all European citizens can enjoy the high level of safety in the sky. The European Commission developed a set of basic civil aviation security standards with the Regulation (EC) No 2320/2002, establishing common rules in the field of civil aviation security which was adopted on 16th December 2002 by the European Parliament. In 2008, Regulation (EC) No 300/2008 repealed this Regulation and introduced a series of new measures aimed to improve, streamline and simplify existing procedures. In 2002, the Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 was the founding document of a new entity, the European Aviation Safety Agency. Areas of activity were Certification and Maintenance of aircraft. On 18 March the new Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, repealing the original Basic Regulation was published and applicable from 08 April on. By virtue of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, the EU extended the common aviation safety rules and the corresponding responsibilities of EASA to aircraft operations and aircrew licensing and training. Key words: aviation, security, European Aviation Safety Agency, Joint Aviation Authorities, Joint Aviation Requirements
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Palmer, Ian, and Peter McGraw. "Union Diversification and the Battle for Recognition in the Travel Agency Industry." Journal of Industrial Relations 32, no. 1 (March 1990): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569003200101.

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As a strategy to halt the decline in union membership, the ACTU has targeted service industries and those dominated by women as areas of potential membership growth. The attempts by the Australian Shipping and Travel Officers' Association (ASTOA) and the Federated Clerks' Union (FCU) to organize the travel agency industry demonstrate the problems faced by unions in moving into such traditionally neglected areas. Despite low membership in the industry, and opposition from both the peak employer organization, the Australian Federation of Travel Agents (AFTA), and the FCU, ASTOA has recently been successful in obtaining a consent award covering a small number of companies. This paper employs a dialectical approach to analyze the unions' campaign to organize the industry; the recruitment problems they faced; inter-union rivalries and AFTA strategies to retain control of the industry.
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Adăscăliței, Dragoș, and Ștefan Guga. "Negotiating agency and structure: Trade union organizing strategies in a hostile environment." Economic and Industrial Democracy 38, no. 3 (April 2, 2015): 473–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143831x15578157.

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This article investigates a case of successful union organizing in one automotive assembly plant in Romania. The authors argue that in order to explain why the union succeeds in defending workers’ rights there is a need to consider both structural and agency aspects that condition labor’s capacity to effectively defend their interests. The findings show that the union at the Romanian plant has made use of a diverse repertoire of protest activities in order to defend its worker constituency. The authors also discuss why as of late protests are less and less used by the union in response to the shifting economic and political environment in which the plant is embedded. They argue that a closer look at the strategy of the Romanian union and the path it has taken in the past decade provides a better understanding of the conditions for union success in an economic, legal, and political environment that has become increasingly hostile toward organized labor. In this sense, the article points to the more general situation unions in Central and Eastern Europe have found themselves in recent years.
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Van Dalsem, Shane. "Effects of Credit Union Service Organizations on Credit Union Performance." Journal of Finance Issues 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.58886/jfi.v15i1.2482.

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This study examines the effects of credit union service organizations (CUSOs) on credit union performance for the period 2009 through 2014. I use random effects models with Mundlak (1978) correction to estimate the relationships between CUSOs and credit union performance variables. Credit union participation in CUSOs increased over the sample period and participation increases with credit union size. CUSO participation is divided based on whether the credit union wholly owned the CUSO or was required to collaborate with other institutions. I find evidence that participation in wholly-owned CUSOs increases the interest rate spread, collaborative consumer mortgage origination reduces loan rates, and insurance brokerage or agency significantly increases non-interest income for credit unions. The results of the study support existing findings that small organizations are reluctant to give up autonomy and offer insight on which CUSOs benefit credit unions and their members.
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Collins, R. Douglas. "Agency Shop in Public Employment." Public Personnel Management 15, no. 2 (June 1986): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102608601500207.

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The controversial requirement that the employees of a public agency financially support a union as a condition of keeping their jobs is examined, looking at its historic and legal roots, and at its practical consequences for public management. The author draws from the California experience, where agency shop legislation has been in effect for several years, and examines relevant decisions of various courts and boards. The relationship between agency shop and a union's legal obligation to represent both union members and non-members is explored as the legal and ethical basis for agency shop legislation. General exceptions to the payment of agency shop fees, including the often misunderstood religious exemption, are reviewed, as are the uses to which a union may put any such money which it collects.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Union agency"

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Pochylczuk-Visvizi, Anna Barbara. "The reconstruction of agency : the case of the European Union." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441576.

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Gilliland, Alison. "Young teacher union activists' views and experiences of involvement, voice, and agency in their union and its influence on their concept of professionalism." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/48942/.

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This qualitative study, underpinned by the philosophical assumptions of con-structivism (Guba and Lincoln, 2005) uses semi-structured interviews to ex-plore the views and experiences of 15 young Republic of Ireland teacher union activists with regard to their union involvement and its influence on their con-cept of professionalism. In particular it explores how they became active in their union, the INTO, how they experience voice and agency and how they conceive teacher professionalism. Navarro’s (1992) concept of voice, Priestley et. al.’s (2013, 2015) framework for teacher agency and Stevenson’s (2014) new democratic professionalism are used to underpin and support the study. Analysis of the data garnered allowed pertinent findings to be synthesised and new learning to be gained. The study identified the role of union capital in sup-porting young member involvement and activism. It evidenced voice and self-efficacy beliefs as enabling the realisation of agency thus suggests a redefining of Priestley et. al.’s (2013, 2015) framework and presents a new teacher union contextualised conception of agency. Drawing on Stevenson’s (2014) new democratic professionalism, the study also presents a conception of profession-alism influenced by teacher unionism as evidenced by the data. Finally, it sug-gest that when teacher union contextualised agency interacts with teacher un-ion influenced professionalism the dynamic can be conceived as teacher union influenced agentic professionalism.
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Husebo, Michael. "Labor Agency beyond the Union: The Coalition of Immokalee Workers and Faith-Based Community Organizations." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/34.

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Labor geographers have identified multiple strategies through which workers assert their demands in an era of global production networks. In this thesis I examine the strategic organizational actions of the Coalition of Immokalee Workers (CIW), a community-based organization representing immigrant farm-workers in southwestern Florida. Central to the successes of the CIW is its strategy to organize and embed its agency in civil society. Social actors have proved to be of vital importance as they enabled the CIW to position itself strategically in important locations of the production network to contest capitalist geographies more effectively. Using qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews with representatives of churches, religious-community organizations, and interfaith non-profits working with the CIW, I argue that the CIW‘s strategies theoretically expands our understanding of labor agency and how spatiality, and specifically place, shapes the potential for workers‘ agency.
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Francis-Sandy, Nadia Lisa-Adele. "Strategies for Maintaining Credit Union Profitability in Grenada." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3159.

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Nonbank financial institutions (NBFIs), of which credit unions comprise, constitute an important part of the financial sector because of their contribution to economic development, particularly in developing economies. This multiple case study explored strategies for maintaining credit union profitability against the backdrop of numerous closures in the past decade. The conceptual framework for this study was agency theory. Data were collected from 6 purposefully selected managers or directors representing individual credit unions in Grenada. Data were also collected from publicly available sources and used to conduct methodological triangulation. The interview data were coded using a computer-aided software package, and the interpretations of the data subjected to member checking. The emergent themes from both sources were then aggregated into 6 major strategies for maintaining credit union profitability, namely credit risk management, portfolio growth and development, operational efficiency, advertising and promotion, performance metrics, and strategy review. Agency problems exist in the credit union environment and influence the strategies leaders of credit unions in Grenada employ to maintain profitability. Findings from this study represent a corollary against the participants' position that agency theory is not applicable in the credit union environment because of the existence of the common bond. Implications for social change include safeguarding the financial wellbeing of credit union members by contributing to the soundness of Grenada's NBFIs. This is social implication is an important consideration given the mission of the credit union sector to serving the disenfranchised and to the growth and stability of developing economies.
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Kappler, Stefanie. "'Mysterious in content' : the European Union peacebuilding framework and local spaces of agency in Bosnia-Herzegovina." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2536.

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This thesis aims to investigate EU peacebuilding in Bosnia-Herzegovina, focusing on the ways in which EU actors engage with local cultural actors and vice versa. Given that, in the liberal peacebuilding tradition, civil society has been considered a key actor in the public sphere, peacebuilding actors have tended to neglect seemingly more marginal actors and their subtle ways of impacting on the peacebuilding process. However, this thesis contends that processes of interaction are not always direct and visible, but centre on discourse clusters, which I frame as imaginary ‘spaces of agency’. Through the creation of meanings within a space of agency and its translation into other imaginary spaces, actors develop the power to impact upon the peacebuilding process, often in coded ways and therefore invisible in the public sphere, as peacebuilding actors, including the EU, have created it. A typology of the modes of interaction and possible responses between spaces helps understand the complexities and nuances of peacebuilding interaction. The thesis uses this framework to analyse several exemplary spaces of agency of the EU, rooting them in institutional discourses with specific reference to Bosnia-Herzegovina. Based on this, I investigate a number of responses to those spaces on the part of local cultural actors, as well as how the latter contribute to the emergence of alternative localised spaces, where the EU’s spaces fail to connect to the everyday dimensions of peace. I suggest that this represents a way in which local actors try to claim the ownership of peacebuilding back in subtle ways. This also points to the ability of actors that have traditionally been excluded from the peacebuilding project to contextualise abstract and distant processes into what matters locally, as well as their capacity to reject and resist when the EU’s spaces remain irrelevant for local peacebuilding imaginations.
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Rittau, Yasmin. "Regional Labour Councils and Local Government Employment Generation: The South Coast Labour Council 1981-1996." University of Sydney. Business, Discipline of Work and Organisational Studies, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/574.

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The thesis examines the role of regional labour councils in local employment generation. It specifically analyses the case of an Australian regional labour council, the South Coast Labour Council (SCLC), between 1981 and 1996. The Illawarra region was the centre of SCLC activity. It was an industrialised region that experienced high levels of unemployment in the period. These were greater than the State and national averages, which reflected a geographical concentration of unemployment in certain regions in Australia. The SCLC attempted to address this issue, as it was part of the union structure that was specifically focused on the regional level and on regional concerns. The study argues that the SCLC developed a local employment generation strategy and it examines how and why this was adopted and pursued. It finds that the SCLC was well placed at the regional level and was well resourced with a capacity to influence the external environment through its utilisation of both political and industrial methods in a period of agreeable internal relations. The research identifies the development of its local employment generation strategy. Sometimes the SCLC pursued its strategy in a manner of ad hoc decision-making and muddling through, while at other times it involved characteristic and distinctive regular patterns. The thesis concludes by evaluating the SCLC�s strategy of local employment generation and by exploring the applicability of the general trade union literature on methods and strategy to regional labour councils.
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Rittau, Yasmin. "Regional Labour Councils and Local Government Employment Generation: The South Coast Labour Council 1981-1996." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/574.

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The thesis examines the role of regional labour councils in local employment generation. It specifically analyses the case of an Australian regional labour council, the South Coast Labour Council (SCLC), between 1981 and 1996. The Illawarra region was the centre of SCLC activity. It was an industrialised region that experienced high levels of unemployment in the period. These were greater than the State and national averages, which reflected a geographical concentration of unemployment in certain regions in Australia. The SCLC attempted to address this issue, as it was part of the union structure that was specifically focused on the regional level and on regional concerns. The study argues that the SCLC developed a local employment generation strategy and it examines how and why this was adopted and pursued. It finds that the SCLC was well placed at the regional level and was well resourced with a capacity to influence the external environment through its utilisation of both political and industrial methods in a period of agreeable internal relations. The research identifies the development of its local employment generation strategy. Sometimes the SCLC pursued its strategy in a manner of ad hoc decision-making and muddling through, while at other times it involved characteristic and distinctive regular patterns. The thesis concludes by evaluating the SCLC�s strategy of local employment generation and by exploring the applicability of the general trade union literature on methods and strategy to regional labour councils.
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Aljasmi, Ali Essa. "Choice of law in respect of agency relationships in the European Union and the United Arab Emirates." Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16227/.

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Agency contracts differ from other contracts since they involve a triangular relationship among three parties: a principal, an agent and a contractor. This relationship is further divided into an internal relationship between the principal and the agent and two external relationships, one between the principal and the contractor, and the other between the agent and the contractor. Differences between various laws exist both in the substantive rules and the choice of law rules applicable to these relationships. This thesis addresses these choice of law problems, with reference to English law, the Rome I Regulation, the Hague Convention 1978, and the UAE Civil Code. With respect to agency contracts in internal law, there are important differences in the substantive rules adopted by different legal systems, particularly between those of civilian law and common law. These differences, in turn, have concequences in private international law. Moreover differences between various laws exist also in the choice of law rules applicable to these relationships. Thus this thesis addresses these choice of law problems in respect of the three agency relationships, with reference to English law, the Rome I Regulation, the Hague Convention 1978, and the UAE Civil Code. Since the UAE legislation does not contain any provision specifically addressing the question of which law governs the agency relationships, and the Rome I Regulation has excluded from its scope the question of whether an agent is able to bind a principal, this thesis endeavours to identify the best solution to the various choice of law problems which may arise in connection with the three agency relationships. In the final chapter the solutions identified are embodied in a draft bill, designed to amend the UAE Civil Code, as well as a draft proposal to add provisions to the Rome I Regulation.
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Itegboje, J. O. "The growth of agency labour in the Nigerian oil industry and its challenges for trade union organisation." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47339/.

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Over recent years amidst intensified and unrelenting global economic competitive pressures that have shaped the business environment within which organisations operate, many employers in both the private and public sectors in different countries around the world have responded by seeking to reduce labour costs through the specific mechanism of non-standard forms of employment (Forde and Slater, 2010; Teicher et al. 2006; Sanchez, and Schmitz, 200; Kalleberg 2000). This process has taken a particularly sharp form within the highly strategically important Nigerian oil industry, giving rise to a contemporary labour market characterised by widespread flexibility of work. It has resulted in a significant decline in so-called ‘standard forms of employment’ involving regular, permanent work alongside an alarming growth in ‘non-standard forms of employment’ involving vulnerable, precarious work (Adenugba and Jawadu, 2014; Kalleberg, 2009; Evans et al. 2007; Connelly and Gallagher, 2006). With the growing trend towards the agency workers through the use of employment agencies, there has been the emergence and consolidation of two-tier work arrangements involving differential employment relations contracts (Burgess et al. 2013:4084). Adopting a Marxist analytical framework, this thesis examined the ways in which the shift from direct-standard employment to a triangular employment relation in a crucial Nigerian arena of employment has become an increasing source of collective conflict within the employment relationships, between workers and their unions on the one hand, and the employers on the other. In the process, it considers the challenges and dilemmas for trade unions attempting to defend the terms and conditions of employment of different groups of workers, as well as the limits and potential of solidaristic forms of union within a highly fragmented context. The research study has been framed on a critical realism paradigm, with a focus on a mixed methods approach involving questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. These involved the management, trade unions, ministry of labour and employment, employment agencies, and workers on different employment contracts within three of the main Nigerian multinational oil companies, namely Shell, ExxonMobil and Chevron. The multi-dimensional evidence explains the basic factors that have given rise to the growing trend of agency workers, the impacts of this trend on employment relationships, and the dynamics of trade union organisation and resistance. Findings suggest that the growth of agency workers in the Nigerian oil industry has led to an entrenching of dual and fractionalised internal labour markets and an increase in managerial control, with an accompanying undermining of the coverage and effectiveness of collective bargaining and trade union representation and organisation. Evidence is provided that documents the way the oil industry trade unions, while not able to successfully oppose the growing trend of agency labour, have nonetheless attempted to mitigate and challenge the encroachment of work arrangements amongst workers on standard forms of employment, but have been confronted with enormous challenges in attempting to collectively organise and represent agency workers in the industry. The findings of this thesis could help in understanding the implications of change in employment relations, and contribute to overcoming the current limits of thinking with regard to the use of agency workers, and furthers the current discussion on the ‘high-road decent work principles and equality’ of the International Labour Organisation (ILO).
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Niyazoglu, Abdullah Beyazit. "The Impacts Of European Union On Turkish Organizational Culture:a Comparative Study Between Turkish National Agency And State Planning Organization." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608023/index.pdf.

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The rapid developments occurred in the process of Turkey&rsquo
s participation movements into European Union brought also with themselves the first signs of the potential impacts which the European Union will cause to come into existence on the Turkish bureaucracy. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the role the European Union plays as an environmental factor in the formation of organizational culture. In order to realize the purpose of this thesis, a comparative survey was administered between the State Planning Organization (SPO) and the Turkish National Agency which was established as a department in SPO in 2002 and attained its autonomous body within the framework of legal arrangements and which is in a direct interaction with the European Commission in respect of working environment. The study has reached the conclusion that the Turkish National Agency has higher level of cultural characteristics than SPO in the framework of organizational culture. The reached findings support that the Turkish National Agency, although a state/public institution, is under the impact of EU which bring in differentiation. In addition, questionnaire results were compared with Turkish cultural characteristics in Hofstede&rsquo
s national cultural analysis and it was seen that some aspects of Turkish National Agency were also reflected those characteristics. As a result, the Turkish National Agency developed a &rdquo
hybrid&rdquo
structure under the impact of EU and Turkish bureaucracy, and this structure, which is the first sample of its own kind, will be a significant example for similar institutions which will possibly come into being in future.
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Books on the topic "Union agency"

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Davies, Eric. European Environment Agency. Manchester: European Information Association, 2000.

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Gilleland, John C. Labor law for the non-union agency. Indianapolis, Ind: Association Business Services, 2008.

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Gilliland, John C. Labor law for the non-union agency. Indianapolis, Ind: Association Business Services, 2008.

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Gilleland, John C. Labor law for the non-union agency. Indianapolis, Ind: Association Business Services, 2008.

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San Francisco (Calif.). Office of the Controller. Audits Division. Municipal Transportation Agency: Concession audit of Union Square Garage. San Francisco: Office of the Controller, 2002.

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Gwatiwa, Tshepo. The African Union and African Agency in International Politics. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87805-4.

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Masson, Paul R. Monetary union in West Africa: An agency of restraint for fiscal policies. [Washington, D.C.]: International Monetary Fund, Research Department, 2001.

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Lucas, Scott. Freedom's war: The American crusade against the Soviet Union. New York: New York University Press, 1999.

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Board, Maine Labor Relations. A review of existing procedures for resolution of disputes over a union's calculation of its agency service fee. [Augusta, Me.]: Maine Labor Relations Board, 2008.

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Council of the European Union. General Secretariat. Directorate-General F. Publications et textes des institutions: Référence et disponibilité. [S.l.]: Conseil de l'Union européenne, Secrétariat général, Direction général F, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Union agency"

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Labelle, Michael Carnegie. "Regulating for Consumers? The Agency for Cooperation of Energy Regulators." In Energy Union, 147–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59104-3_9.

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Toggenburg, Gabriel N. "The European Union Fundamental Rights Agency." In International Human Rights Institutions, Tribunals, and Courts, 443–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5206-4_23.

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Toggenburg, Gabriel N. "The European Union Fundamental Rights Agency." In Precision Manufacturing, 1–18. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4516-5_23-1.

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Moyo, Gorden. "Deimperialising Financing of the African Union." In African Agency, Finance and Developmental States, 155–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72412-2_7.

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Kolb, Marina. "The Fundamental Rights Agency." In The European Union and the Council of Europe, 163–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137023636_8.

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Moore, Sian. "Structure and Agency — The Dynamics of Workplace Activism." In New Trade Union Activism, 30–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230294806_3.

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Fiott, Daniel. "Establishing the European Defence Agency." In Defence Industrial Cooperation in the European Union, 65–87. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in European security and strategy: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429024207-4.

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Gwatiwa, Tshepo. "African Agency in Historical Perspective: A History of Agency Slack." In The African Union and African Agency in International Politics, 41–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87805-4_3.

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Read, Daniel, James Skinner, Daniel Lock, and Aaron CT Smith. "Lance Armstrong and the Union Cycliste Internationale." In WADA, the World Anti-Doping Agency, 84–101. First. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge research in sport and corruption: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003084297-5-5.

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Banafe, Ahmed, and Rory Macleod. "The Future of Gulf Monetary Union." In The Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, 1952-2016, 169–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55218-7_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Union agency"

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Jelinić, Zvonimir, and Srećko Jelinić. "PRAVNA REGULATIVA I PRUŽANjE USLUGA U SUVREMENOM ŽIVOTU." In 14 Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xivmajsko.003j.

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In this paper, the authors debate about some controversial issues regarding the violation of consumer rights in the area of provision of services, violations which are manifestly contrary to European regulations accepted and transposed into the national legislation by the Republic of Croatia in the phase of its accession to the European Union. Focus is on the issue of the role of public notaries and financial agency - government controlled enterprise in debt collection proceedings and the problem of imprecise legal norms on variable interest rates from the Consumer Credit Act.
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Arghius, Viorel, Horatiu Stefanie, Octavian Liviu Muntean, Nicolae Baciu, and Corina Arghius. "ANALYSIS OF HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL DISASTERS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES IN THE PERIOD 2000-2021." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/4.1/s19.33.

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Over time, hydro-meteorological disasters, also called weather and/or climate-related disasters have recorded the highest occurrence of natural disasters, not only in European Union (EU) countries, but also worldwide, causing a total of most damage and life losses. Using available updated EM-DAT international disaster database, this study aim to provide the results derived from the analysis of the weather and climate-related disaster at EU countries level. Countries and disaster type disparities in terms of frequency, distribution, mortality and economic losses are highlighted. Since the reported losses have a certain amount of uncertainty, or are missing for some events, only the relevant disasters that resulted in at least ten people death and/or 10 million US$ have been assessed in this study. The EU countries population and GDP/capita time-series data were collected from the statistical database of European Environmental Agency (EEA). Between 2000 and 2021, EM-DAT reported 225 relevant natural disasters in EU countries, causing 86,390 deaths and total estimated direct damages of 186 billion US$. Among all these disasters those triggered by floods prove to be the most prevalent (40 %), followed by storms (28 %). In terms of mortality, most of the killed people were caused by heat waves, with a total of 81,673 registered deaths. Focusing on direct economic losses, floods provide more than half of the damages recorded so far, accounting 59.2 % of losses. Average annual economic losses in EU countries were around 8.5 billion US$, while the average losses per capita were almost 400 US$, which means an average annual loss of about 18 US$ per capita. During this period, no relevant trend was found for the variables analysed.
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Ebrem, İlker Salih. "Examination Relations of Turkey and Kazakhstan from the Perspective of Foreign Trade Datas and Organizations." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01330.

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Established after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and Turkic Republics has tried to improve its relations with Turkey but relations have not developed to the required level. Existing relations between Turkey and Kazakhstan which from one of these countries, is assessed, have been mentioned economic and political contributions of organizations such as Turkish Exim Bank, Turkish International Cooperation and Coordination Agency (TIKA) and Hoca Ahmet Yasawi University, which are effective in the development of bilateral relations. Turkey and Kazakhstan relations has reached a momentum in recent years. The development of bilateral relations have also reflected the economic figures but this level of development is not enough. Finally, by examining the trade volume between the two countries, import and export rates and which product mainly taken place in the foreign trade volume are examined and interpreted.
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Dimitrov, Vasil. "AUTONOMY AND RESPONSIBILITY OF MODERN SPORT: BETWEEN NATIONAL STANDARDS, THE APPLICABILITY OF EUROPEAN UNION LAW AND MARKET MECHANISMS." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/134.

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ABSTRACT The heterogeneous nature of sports relations, which are subject to the regulation of sports law, predetermines the different nature of regulation, which in turn provides for a different “autonomy” of sports organizations. The autonomy of individual and collective action is possible only in the existence of normative systems and cultural models that allow different degrees of conformity to their prescriptions and requirements. The research aims to reveal some legal, sociological, and practical aspects of autonomy in sports, and features of manifestation on a national and European scale. The study‘s objectives are: normative documents, case law in connection with the issues discussed at the level of Bulgaria and the European Union, recommendations, reports from various committees, and others. To solve the main tasks, achieve the goal and prove the hypothesis, a complex research methodology of normative and literature sources, content analysis, and included observation has been applied. Conclusion: The globalization of sport is increasingly shifting the legal framework of the international sports system to international sports bodies such as the International Olympic Committee, the World Anti-Doping Agency, and international sports federations. A significant effect of this change has been the erosion of the ability of domestic legal systems to intervene, especially when the rules of international sports bodies conflict with domestic norms and values. Changing regulatory acts that unjustifiably limit the autonomy of sport, in most cases, sports arbitrations deal with the imposed doping-related penalties. Possibilities for improving the work of the arbitration autonomy of sports organizations have been opened. There is a risk of limiting the autonomy of the sports industry, of interference, and on the other hand, there is another risk - reaching such a kind of sports autonomy which will be gradually withdrawn from national jurisdictions.
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Lanouette, Cédric, and Jean-François Hirsch. "Lift Off of H160 with Blue Edge(TM) Blade." In Vertical Flight Society 77th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16730.

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Integrating the vertical flight in our modern environment is an engine of progress for any technological product. H160 helicopter is a good illustration of the most recent market evolution. Recently certified by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in July 2020, the last Airbus Helicopters' multi-role twin-engine rotorcraft introduced the latest technological innovations for the benefit of all: passengers, pilots, operators, population. Comfort improvement and sound reduction are some examples of added values of this helicopter where the Blue Edge(TM) main rotor blade is exploited as a new technological mean as presented in Ref. 1 and Ref. 2. Nevertheless, such progress is only achievable if the expectations of continuous improvements on the safety and the airworthiness are satisfied. The paper presents the optimization studies of the serial design, the means of compliance and substantiations according to the latest standard of certification regulations applied on the Blue Edge(TM) main rotor blades with a special focus on the fatigue tolerance and threat assessment.
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Iden, Michael, Michael Goetzke, and Deep Bandyopadhyay. "Experimental Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on EMD SD59MX 2.238 Megawatt Diesel-Electric Freight Locomotives." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2012-92167.

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In July 2008, Union Pacific Railroad (UP) and Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. (EMD) began discussions to jointly investigate the potential for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on a small group of re-powered UP locomotives, to assess the potential for EGR as a technology to meet the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) requirement in US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Tier 4 locomotive emissions regulations on newly-manufactured future diesel locomotives effective January 1, 2015 [1]. After several years of research, engineering and experimental testing, EMD began delivering to UP in late-2011 nine SD59MX experimental locomotives equipped with prototype EGR technology as a first step to achieving Tier 4 NOx reductions, plus a tenth SD59MX unit equipped with both the EGR technology and an experimental whole-engine aftertreatment package to migrate toward Tier 4 particulate matter (PM) levels on future new Tier 4 locomotives. Compared to today’s Tier 2 emission limits, the EGR equipped SD59MX produces 42 percent less NOx, a significant step toward the development of new Tier 4 locomotives.
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Felcan, Miroslav. "Historical Cross-Section of Arson." In Safe and Secure Society. The College of European and Regional Studies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36682/ssc_2020/1.

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This work was supported by the Agency for Research and Development under the contract no. APVV-17-0217.Every year fires cause big damage to society, property, environment, buildings and infrastructure and pose a threat to life and health of persons in endangered areas. In most cases arson serves as insurance fraud or cover up any crime (e.g. robbery, embezzlement). However, there may be other reasons, e.g. in the case of the Commission of the European Union, the use of the product in envy, hatred, threats, blackmail, competitive struggle. Or social, political, or ethnic differences. In several cases, arson was used as a so-called 'arson attack'. The false flag, that is, the arsonist used the fire to accuse his enemy and took advantage of the wave of recourse that subsequently was raised against him. The circumstances of the cause and the fire are under investigation. After extinguishing a fire, it is standard procedure to seek and then either confirm, refute or further examine the possibility of intentional formation. In most countries of the world, arson is treated as a crime and seen as harming a stranger or a threat to life.
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Pope, Ronald B., Deborah Kopsick, Shih-Yew Chen, Ray Turner, and Martin Magold. "Addressing the Monitoring and Transport of Radioactively Contaminated Scrap Metal: An International Approach." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93668.

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The international metal processing industries are very concerned about the importation of scrap metal contaminated by radioactivity. Many of the problems are being identified while these materials, either unprocessed scrap, or processed materials, are being transported in the public domain. Because of this concern, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), with the support of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) circulated a survey to various countries and interested groups. Following assessment of the survey, a meeting was convened in April 2004 to discuss and evaluate the issues. Three major issues were identified at the initial meeting. • First, an internationally acceptable scrap metal radiation monitoring and response protocol is needed. • Second, international training programs are needed to address multiple areas, almost all having emphasis on the transport mode; these include addressing such topics as protocol implementation, optimum location of monitors, acceptable detector sensitivities, calibration and maintenance needs, incident reporting, handling radioactive materials after detection. • Third, international information exchange within the scrap metal industry is needed to share data and experiences on contaminated scrap incidents, especially those occurring at international borders during the transport of these materials. The “open border” policy of the European Union makes the collection and dissemination of this information sharing particularly time critical. The paper reviews the results of the initial meeting, and elaborates on the efforts undertaken since that meeting.
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Sjögren, Oliver, Carlos Xisto, and Tomas Grönstedt. "Estimation of Design Parameters and Performance for a State-of-the-Art Turbofan." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59489.

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Abstract The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of matching a cycle performance model to public data on a state-of-the-art commercial aircraft engine (GEnx-1B). The study is focused on obtaining valuable information on figure of merits for the technology level of the low-pressure system and associated uncertainties. It is therefore directed more specifically towards the fan and low-pressure turbine efficiencies, the Mach number at the fan-face, the distribution of power between the core and the bypass stream as well as the fan pressure ratio. Available cycle performance data have been extracted from the engine emission databank provided by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), type certificate datasheets from the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), as well as publicly available data from engine manufacturer. Uncertainties in the available source data are estimated and randomly sampled to generate inputs for a model matching procedure. The results show that fuel performance can be estimated with some degree of confidence. However, the study also indicates that a high degree of uncertainty is expected in the prediction of key low-pressure system performance metrics, when relying solely on publicly available data. This outcome highlights the importance of statistic-based methods as a support tool for the inverse design procedures. It also provides a better understanding on the limitations of conventional thermodynamic matching procedures, and the need to complement with methods that take into account conceptual design, cost and fuel burn.
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Darmstadt, Patarick, Timothy Krantz, Sheevangi Pathak, and Mark Valco. "Design Concepts to Meet EASA SC-VTOL-01 Single Failure Criteria." In Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17608.

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The objective of the current work is to discuss European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) SC-VTOL-01 single failure criteria, VTOL.2250(c). VTOL.2250(c) increases safety metrics compared to existing Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) regulations, creating new engineering challenges that must be addressed. Additionally, research and development targeting compliance against VTOL.2250(c) will more broadly benefit the VTOL industry, providing guidance for safer system designs. Prior studies have developed concept distributed propulsion and flight control (DPFC) system architectures and found they comply with EASA SC-VTOL-01 probabilistic failure criteria, VTOL.2510(a). Prior work developed two all-electric DPFC systems utilized in a quadrotor concept aircraft developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); one uses interconnecting shafts and gearboxes to interconnect redundant motors with each rotor system and the other uses gearboxes to connect redundant motors locally, near each rotor. Common between the two electric DPFC systems were rotor shafts, epicyclic systems, and motors. The current work explores Category I failures in drive systems, relevant research to support fail-safe design practices for gear systems, research and adjacent industry trends in motor fail-safety and reliability, and proposed design concepts to comply with VTOL.2250(c). Continued research in fail-safe design concepts and design guidance will benefit eVTOL and conventional rotorcraft, alike. Continued research in these areas will benefit eVTOL certification against SC-VTOL-01, and could optimistically translate to more widespread adoption of similar fail-safe design concepts into new rotorcraft designs certified against CS-29.
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Reports on the topic "Union agency"

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Kirsten, Ingrid, and Mara Zarka. Balancing the Three Pillars of the NPT: How can Promoting Peaceful Uses Help? Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/shzz2322.

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The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is the cornerstone of the non-proliferation regime and the centrepiece of global efforts to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and further the goal of general and complete nuclear disarmament. Although there is no implementation body for the NPT, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been entrusted with key verification responsibilities under Article III of the treaty, where it plays an important role in achieving the objectives under Article IV to foster international cooperation for peaceful uses of nuclear energy. This paper argues that peaceful uses of science, technology and applications have an important role to play in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Noting that the European Union (EU) is the biggest donor of development assistance, the paper suggests that the EU enhance its contribution to peaceful uses of nuclear science, technology and applications through supporting the IAEA’s technical cooperation activities. This will contribute to delivering the EU’s nonproliferation goals, thus strengthening global human security.
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Research, IFF. Small and Micro Food Business Operator (FBO) Tracking Survey: Wave 3 2021 - Technical Report. Food Standards Agency, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.sty242.

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The Food Standards Agency (FSA) has been tracking small and micro Food Business Operator (FBO) attitudes towards food-related topics, and trust in the FSA and food system, since 2018. This has helped inform engagement and intervention activity targeted at businesses with fewer than 50 staff. The survey was initially developed to assess the perceived impact of changes as a result of the UK’s exit from the European Union (EU), and the Achieving Business Compliance (ABC) programme, which aims to modernise the regulation of food businesses in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since then, it has evolved to regularly track small and micro FBO views on a range of subjects. In 2021, the third wave of the annual tracking survey was carried out, with the following aims: To gain insight, and understand the implications of the EU Exit on small and micro enterprises To ‘unpack’ attitudes towards regulation and deepen insights and knowledge of small and micro enterprises, including with regards to the FSA’s ABC priority To measure trust in the FSA and extent to which FSA is considered a modern, accountable regulator All fieldwork for wave 3 was carried out by IFF Research, an independent market research company, commission by FSA. This paper outlines the methodological approach taken for wave 3 of the research, including sampling; feasibility testing; pilot and mainstage fieldwork; response rates; and weighting.
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Morrison, Lillian. A Study of Local Union Business Agents in Portland, Oregon Area. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2419.

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Braithwait, Samuel, Ricardo Rozemberg, and Jesica De Angelis. CARICOM Report: Progress and Challenges of The Integration Agenda. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002912.

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The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) was established in 1973 as a customs union and nowadays consists of 15 member countries. CARICOM includes member and non-members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), an economic union with free movement of people and goods, a single currency, and a common central bank. This report is the third in a series of INTAL publications on regional integration on the CaribbeanREPORT Community and covers the period 2005 to 2020. After a brief background to the CARICOM integration project and a look at the economy and international trade, this report focuses on the main issues and developments relating to the deepening of integration within CARICOM and crucial relationships with external partners. The final section concludes with an assessment of the short-term adverse impacts of the pandemic and summarizes a set of recommendations to tackle the main issues.
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Carlino, Gerald, and Robert Inman. Macro Fiscal Policy in Economic Unions: States as Agents. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19559.

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Bunse, Simone, Elise Remling, Anniek Barnhoorn, Manon du Bus de Warnaffe, Karen Meijer, and Dominik Rehbaum. Advancing European Union Action to Address Climate-related Security Risks. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/rzme5933.

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The Ukraine war has added to the pressure to address the links between the environment, natural resource management and conflict. This SIPRI Research Policy Paper assesses the priorities of selected European Union (EU) member states regarding climate-related security risks, explores their strategies for pursuing these at EU level and identifies steps for further action. It finds that the appetite to tackle climate-related security risks at EU level is mixed. While maintaining the operational efficiency of the military is a red line, concentrating efforts on research, development and peacekeeping is acceptable even to countries that do not prioritize climate insecurity in their policies. Country strategies for pursuing such efforts involve spotlighting climate security during their respective rotating Council presidencies, working closely with the European External Action Service and the European Commission, and collaborating with like-minded member states. The paper recommends additional steps for action but in order to make effective adjustments to EU processes, climate security will need greater prominence on the EU agenda.
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Fairlie, Alan. New challenges for the European Union's Multiparty Trade Agreement with Peru, Colombia and Ecuador. Fundación Carolina, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff02en.

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This document analyses the trade and cooperation relations between the European Union and the Andean countries with which the Multiparty Trade Agreement was signed (Peru, Ecuador and Colombia). It also examines the progress and challenges in terms of the sustainable development agenda, political dialogue and cooperation within the framework of the agreement. From there, it explores the different technical difficulties that have arisen in the implementation of the agreement and the role of the monitoring bodies. The aim is to study the strategic importance of the agreement in relations between the European Union and Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, and its contribution to the post-pandemic economic recovery and the promotion of new development models.
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Lodge, Junior, and Jan Yves. The Promise of a Recalibrated Caribbean-European Union Partnership. Fundación Carolina, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff03en.

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The Caribbean and the European Union (EU) have been enjoined in a formal bi-regional relationship since the signing of the Lomé Convention in 1975, and are firm proponents of multilateralism, strong advocates of regional integration, democracy and rule of law, and reflect vibrant multi-ethnic and multilingual polities. The bi-regional relationship has evolved considerably over the intervening 45 years, and is reflected in formal agreements between the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States and the EU, and in the sphere of economic cooperation, has been strengthened with the signing of the Cariforum-EU Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) in 2008. The EU also remains a significant source of development cooperation for the Caribbean, complemented by a sui generis project management regime that includes multi-annual programming. Beyond this, the bi-regional ties have expanded into new areas of joint multilateral endeavour such as the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Despite the long and formal engagement, the Cariforum-EU partnership has not engendered either deep understanding of, or universal support in, each other’s conduct of multilateral negotiations. To the contrary, the partnership displays regular flashes of unease and arguably low-level tension. This paper seeks to assess the Caribbean-EU partnership in terms of its contribution of bi-regional trade and economic cooperation to Caribbean development, and possibilities for a renewed partnership considering new impulses shaping the Cariforum-EU relationship, including the post-Cotonou Agreement, Brexit, EU-LAC Political Dialogue and COVID-19 responses. A Cariforum-EU development agenda to fuel post-pandemic Caribbean recovery is mooted with the additional value of harnessing the promise of the revised partnership.
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Carr, Kathleen. An Overview of the U.S. Cooperative Threat Reduction Program for Biological Warfare Agents in the Former Soviet Union. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada431918.

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Chambers-Ju, Christopher, Amanda Beatty, and Rezanti Putri Pramana. Exploring the Politics of Expertise:The Indonesian Teachers’ Union and Education Policy, 2005-2020. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/101.

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Research on education politics often uses interest group pressure to explain the policy influence of teachers’ organizations. While acknowledging the power teachers’ unions have to articulate interests and shape labor policy, we explore how a less-studied variable–expertise (or the credibility of the claims they make to expertise)– shapes the policy process. In many low-and middle-income countries, teacher organizations struggle to demonstrate policy expertise and professional competence in core areas related to teaching and learning. Focusing on Indonesia from 2005-2020, we examine how the largest teachers’ organization influenced labor policy but was marginal in debates about professional standards, training, and evaluation due to its limited technical capacity and struggles to propose viable policy alternatives. Expertise is a critical policy input, and it deserves more attention in the education politics subfield. It is central for setting the agenda for policies to improve the quality of education and it has normative value for improving policy design overall.
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