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Journal articles on the topic 'Uniformity of lighting'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 30 May 2022

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1

Wänström Lindh, Ulrika, and Annika K. Jägerbrand. "Perceived Lighting Uniformity on Pedestrian Roads: From an Architectural Perspective." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 3647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123647.

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Lighting uniformity is a key factor in traffic safety, and it could even result in energy savings for light installations. However, highly uniform horizontal road lighting for motorized vehicles may not be optimal for pedestrian roads. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the way in which pedestrians experience road lighting uniformity. Accordingly, we employed a qualitative approach to examine pedestrian road lighting uniformity. Visual analyses were used to exemplify and discuss the perceived uniformity. The case studies were performed on three pedestrian roads with similar light installations. The results show that the experience of road lighting uniformity differs substantially between the three roads. Based on the case studies, there are many aspects that need to be considered beyond the light falling on the horizontal surfaces. This study suggests that the visual experience of road lighting uniformity for pedestrians is difficult to estimate with photometric values because the visual impact of uniformity is highly influenced by the spatial context and landscape.

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2

Bouroussis, Constantinos A., and Annika K. Jägerbrand. "Simulations and Analysis of the Optimum Uniformity for Pedestrian Road Lighting Focusing on Energy Performance and Spill Light in the Roadside Environment." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15092983.

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Road lighting uniformity is an essential lighting quality parameter for motorists and pedestrians and varies with lighting design parameters. Increased road lighting uniformity may result in benefits, such as increased reassurance and perceived safety for pedestrians or an increased overall visual perception. However, no previous study has investigated how road lighting uniformity varies with lighting design scenarios or how the uniformity of various lighting design scenarios affects other essential parameters, such as energy performance and obtrusive light. This study aimed to investigate: (I) how uniformity varies with different road lighting design scenarios, and (II) how uniformity correlates with energy performance and risk for increasing spill light. The study is limited to pedestrian roads. We performed photometric calculations in ReluxDesktop for more than 1.5 million cases with single-sided pole arrangements and for various geometries of road width, pole distance, pole height, overhang, and luminaire tilt. The results were analyzed with a set of five relevant metrics that were calculated and analyzed together with uniformity. For the evaluation, we used the minimum luminaire power needed to achieve an average illuminance of 10 lx, the power density indicator (DP), edge illuminance ratio (REI), and we introduced two new indicators for spill light on the ground in the border areas: the extended edge illuminance ratio (extended REI) and the spill flux ratio (RSF). The results show that increased uniformity levels may significantly increase energy consumption and spill light, but that both these impacts can be relatively controlled if uniformity is kept under certain limits. The investigated cases also demonstrated that improper lighting planning significantly increases adverse effects, such as spill light.

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3

Hu, Zhang Fang, Jian Wei Mao, and Yuan Luo. "Research on LED Lighting Secondary Light Distribution by Using a Freeform Lens." Applied Mechanics and Materials 103 (September 2011): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.103.138.

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Application of semiconductor lighting is widespread, so its secondary light distribution design of the LED for lighting plays an important role. For LED road lighting applications, its uniformity of illumination need to meet certain requirements, a freeform surface using freeform optical lens was designed, in the secondary light distribution. Because of the application of freeform lens, LED lighting illumination uniformity has been improved. Lighting simulation and analysis, results indicate that based on freeform lens, LED lighting has good illumination uniformity, and has well research, development and application prospects.

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4

Rakutko, Sergey A., and Elena N. Rakutko. "Assessment of Lighting Uniformity as a Factor of Energy Efficiency in Greenhouse Horticulture." Engineering Technologies and Systems 31, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 470–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.470-486.

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Introduction. Greenhouse lighting systems are an integral part of the system for growing plants in cultivation facilities with an artificial microclimate. The uniformity of light distribution over the growing area is important to increase energy efficiency and improve plant quality, among other requirements. The aim of the work is to consider the mathematical apparatus for describing the distribution of light over the surface and to justify the choice of ways to characterize the degree of lighting uniformity. Materials and Methods. The basic concepts of the subject area such as lighting, lighting body, horizontal lighting curve, luminous intensity curve are considered in terms of theoretical photometry. To assess the energy and ecological friendliness of the greenhouse horticulture, the lighting efficiency factor was used. Various methods for determining the average lighting value are presented. The formulas for the uniformity coefficients are presented. Experimental verification was carried out on a horizontal plane simulating a surface for growing plants. A luminary with a round-symmetric light distribution was used. Results. It has been found that the lighting values calculated by the proposed method at various points of the illuminated surface correspond to the experimentally obtained values. It has been shown that the coefficient taking into account the pattern of lighting distribution over all points of the surface carries a lot of information about the uniformity. A frequency graph for the lighting distribution value has been constructed and its practical applicability has been substantiated. The relationship between the lighting efficiency and uniformity of the generated lighting has been revealed. With reduced suspension height of the luminary, it is possible to increase significantly the lighting efficiency factor, however, the lighting uniformity deteriorates sharply. Discussion and Conclusion. There is proposed a method for assessing the energy efficiency by the lighting efficiency factor, which determines the proportion of the useful lighting falling on the surface in the total lighting generated by light sources. It is suggested that this indicator can characterize the ecological quality of photoculture, since it has been established its relationship with the uniformity of the created lighting, the impact of which on photoculture is described in the literature.

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5

Shimomura, Y., M. Shimizu, Y. Tanabe, and T. Arakawa. "Illuminance and uniformity in street lighting." JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 83, Appendix (1999): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.83.appendix_134.

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6

Houser, Kevin W., Minchen Wei, and Michael P. Royer. "Illuminance Uniformity of Outdoor Sports Lighting." LEUKOS 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2011.10732148.

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7

Pracki, Piotr, and Rafał Krupiński. "Brightness and Uniformity Perception of Virtual Corridor with Artificial Lighting Systems." Energies 14, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020412.

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This article compares the brightness and uniformity perception of virtual corridor displayed on computer screens and under different surrounding conditions, between two groups of respondents. The computer simulations of 10 lighting scenarios in the empty corridor, diverse in terms of luminance distribution and lighting power density, were developed. The visual assessment of the lighting effects was carried out on the basis of surveys. The respondents assessed the brightness and uniformity of each plane and entire corridor for each scenario, using semantic differential scaling. Each person from the first group individually made their evaluations on the same computer screen placed in the experimental box. Each person from the second group made the assessments on different computer screens, and all respondents from this group made the evaluations in the computer room at the same time. A high convergence of the results between the groups was found in the assessments of brightness and uniformity perception for consecutive lighting situations. In 93.75% of cases, the same perception in brightness and uniformity between the group means was achieved. A high convergence of the results between the groups in the assessment of brightness and uniformity perception for the same lighting situations was also demonstrated.

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8

Eble-Hankins, Michelle L., and Clarence E. Waters. "Illuminance Uniformity Filter for Theatrical Lighting Fixture." LEUKOS 6, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1582/leukos.2009.06.01005.

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9

Jeong, Kyeong Ah, Chanyang You, and Hyeon‐Jeong Suk. "Preference for luminance uniformity of refrigerator lighting." Color Research & Application 46, no. 1 (September 17, 2020): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.22571.

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10

Huang, Guang Yow, Hsien Te Lin, and Tzu Ching Su. "A Study on the Energy Conservation Efficacy of Secondary-Reflection Lighting Design Adopted in a Conference Hall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2447.

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A conference hall is a large meeting space that requires high-wattage lighting equipment to provide sufficient illumination. Ceiling lights are not easy to maintain and cause glare in the seating area. This study simulates the interior lighting of the International Conference Hall in the Magic School of Green Technology (MSGT) using high efficiency ceramic metal halide lamps that replace the general design luminaires, and PL and fluorescent lamps. We use the secondary reflection of light to reduce glare and improve lighting uniformity. The results show that high efficiency lighting can reduce by 25% the standard lighting equipment and still provide the same illumination levels. Furthermore, the overall conference hall lighting uniformity increases from 0.59 to 0.78.

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Šístková, M., A. Peterka, and B. Peterka. "Light and noise conditions of buildings for breeding dairy cows." Research in Agricultural Engineering 56, No. 3 (August 26, 2010): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/43/2009-rae.

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Check measurement of the illuminance, the uniformity ratio of illuminance and noise level was made in the selected stable building to prove quality of lightning both for service workers and the cattle. The measurement discovered that the noise level, the day lighting and artificial lighting do not satisfy valid health standards and can have harmful effect upon human and cattle organism. In the monitored stable building the permissible hygienic limit of noise was exceeded only during distribution of feed and bedding and it only for the short time.

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12

Both, A. J., D. E. Ciolkosz, and L. D. Albright. "EVALUATION OF LIGHT UNIFORMITY UNDERNEATH SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHTING SYSTEMS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 580 (June 2002): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2002.580.23.

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13

Armstrong, J. Delvin. "A New Measure of Uniformity for Lighting Installations." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 19, no. 2 (July 1990): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00994480.1990.10747967.

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14

KOBAYASHI, Shigeo, Masao INUI, and Yoshiki NAKAMURA. "Preferred Illuminance Non-Uniformity of Interior Ambient Lighting." Journal of Light & Visual Environment 25, no. 2 (2001): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jlve.25.2_64.

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15

ZHANG Shuai, 张. 帅., 文尚胜 WEN Shang-sheng, 马丙戌 MA Bing-xu, 庞培元 PANG Pei-yuan, 陈浩伟 CHEN Hao-wei, 蔡明兴 CAI Ming-xing, 符. 民. FU Min, 侯一曼 HOU Yi-man, and 左. 欣. ZUO Xin. "High Uniformity LED Panel-light for Plant Lighting." Chinese Journal of Luminescence 39, no. 3 (2018): 403–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/fgxb20183903.0403.

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16

Cheng, Jeffrey Y. C., Nancy C. Y. Wong, Tony W. L. Ho, Hiu Fai Kwong, Roger T. H. Ng, and Howard Cheung. "A case study of lighting retrofit to improve building energy efficiency and lighting quality by using luminaires with nano optical coating." Special Issue with Awarded and Shortlisted Papers from the HKIE Outstanding Paper Award for Young Engineers/Researchers 2020 27, no. 4 (January 11, 2021): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v27n4thie-2020-0008.

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Lighting retrofit is a common technique to reduce lighting energy use and to improve lighting quality. It is usually performed by replacing the lamps in the existing luminaires with more efficient lamps. Despite the high potential to enhance lighting performance by improving other parts of the luminaires such as reflectors, lighting retrofits usually keep their designs unchanged and focus on the change of the lamps. In this case study, an alternative lighting retrofit method - the replacement of reflectors using a nano optical coating - was tested in a typical office in Hong Kong. The case study used a luminaire with a highly reflective nano optical coating. The pre- and post-retrofit illuminance level, illuminance uniformity, glare and lighting energy use were measured. The results show that the use of the nano optical coating enables the reduction of light tubes in the office and thus the lighting energy consumption without lowering the lighting quality. The lighting retrofit enhances the illuminance uniformity in the office by 14.6% while keeping the illuminance level and discomfort glare within the satisfactory level. It also lowers the lighting energy use of the office by 37.5%.

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Cheng, Jeffrey Y. C., Nancy C. Y. Wong, Tony W. L. Ho, Hiu Fai Kwong, Roger T. H. Ng, and Howard Cheung. "A case study of lighting retrofit to improve building energy efficiency and lighting quality by using luminaires with nano optical coating." Special Issue with Awarded and Shortlisted Papers from the HKIE Outstanding Paper Award for Young Engineers/Researchers 2020 27, no. 4 (January 11, 2021): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v27n4thie-2020-0008.

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Lighting retrofit is a common technique to reduce lighting energy use and to improve lighting quality. It is usually performed by replacing the lamps in the existing luminaires with more efficient lamps. Despite the high potential to enhance lighting performance by improving other parts of the luminaires such as reflectors, lighting retrofits usually keep their designs unchanged and focus on the change of the lamps. In this case study, an alternative lighting retrofit method - the replacement of reflectors using a nano optical coating - was tested in a typical office in Hong Kong. The case study used a luminaire with a highly reflective nano optical coating. The pre- and post-retrofit illuminance level, illuminance uniformity, glare and lighting energy use were measured. The results show that the use of the nano optical coating enables the reduction of light tubes in the office and thus the lighting energy consumption without lowering the lighting quality. The lighting retrofit enhances the illuminance uniformity in the office by 14.6% while keeping the illuminance level and discomfort glare within the satisfactory level. It also lowers the lighting energy use of the office by 37.5%.

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18

Hangga, A., A. M. Nisa, M. Apriliyanto, M. Afandi, D. Pratama, M. A. Aziz, A. Wijanarko, and S. Witrianto. "Modelling of lighting system utilizing natural and artificial lighting using DIALux." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 969, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/969/1/012024.

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Abstract The uniformity of daylight in the classroom contributes to indoor visual comfort in the learning process. A Classroom that has non-uniform illuminance and is unsuitable with 350-3000 lux can affect visual discomfort. This study aims to design a classroom lighting system using daylight and artificial lighting according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 6197-2011 to get visual comfort. The results of this study are expected to increase the efficiency of electricity consumption and to solve the visual discomfort problem followed by SNI 6197-2011. This research using E11-210 and E11-112 classroom Universitas Negeri Semarang with the dimension about 12m x 9m x 3,5m. Based on observation, the classrooms had an illuminance of more than 20,000 lux with a uniformity less than 0,6 in the afternoon. Simulation in this study using Dialux Evo software with replacing the layouts of lamp, type of lamps and armature, modifying power of lamp, and implementing dynamics blinds. The result shows that the simulation can solve visual discomfort corresponding to SNI 6197-2011. This paper also presents that LED Tube power modification from 21 – 25 watts can save electricity costs by 37.3%.

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19

Phan, Van-Duc, Phu Tran Tin, Minh Tran, and Tran Thanh Trang. "Using Sr[Mg3SiN4]Eu2+ phosphor for enhancing color uniformity and luminous efficacy of the 7000 K IPP-WLEDs." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i1.pp126-130.

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<p class="TextBody">As a novel class of inorganic phosphors, oxynitride and nitride luminescent materials have received considerable attention because of their potential applications in solid-state lightings and displays. In this paper, we built the simulation model of the 7000 K in-cup phosphor packaging white LEDs (IPP-WLEDs) by using the Light Tools software. After that, the effect of the Sr[Mg3SiN4]Eu2+ phosphor particle’s size on the lighting performance in term of CCT Deviation (D-CCT), Color Rendering Index (CRI), Color Quality Scale (CQS), and Lumen Output (LO) is analyzed and investigated. In addition, the scattering processes in the phosphor layers of the 7000 K IPP_WLEDs is derived using Mat Lab software. From the research results, we can state that the phosphor size significantly effects on the lighting performance of the 7000K IPP_WLEDs. It can be seen that Sr[Mg3SiN4]Eu2+ phosphor can be considered as a novel solution for improving the lighting performance of the WLEDs in the near future.</p>

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Lo, VWL, and KA Steemers. "Methods for assessing the effects of spatial luminance patterns on perceived qualities of concert lighting." Lighting Research & Technology 52, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 106–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153519841098.

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This paper presents experimental approaches for evaluating concert lighting from the viewpoints of audience members and performers in Cambridge King's College Chapel. We develop image zoning and abstraction techniques to quantify and interpret photometric data acquired under four different electric lighting conditions. Assessed by 78 participants, these lighting scenarios are compared across six different viewing positions using a set of structured questionnaires. Ordered logistic regression modelling shows that the ratios and functions describing uniformity, brightness and light patterns are common explanatory variables for predicting perceived visual clarity, visual uniformity, brightness and spatial intimacy. Uniformity-related attributes are observed to be among the strongest variables for all these perceived qualities, except for visual clarity, which is better explained by acuity-related measures. These experimental results confirm the applicability of our approaches, highlighting the importance of combining multiple methods and integrating complex architectural situations into the process of understanding luminous appearance.

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Sa-Gong, Geon, Yung-Jun Park, Jung-Je Park, and Suho Lee. "Overall Illuminance Uniformity of IRED Lighting in Nighttime CCTV." Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials 18, no. 1 (February 25, 2017): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4313/teem.2017.18.1.35.

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22

Asiabanpour, Bahram, Alejandra Estrada, Ricardo Ramirez, and Marisa S. Downey. "Optimizing Natural Light Distribution for Indoor Plant Growth Using PMMA Optical Fiber: Simulation and Empirical Study." Journal of Renewable Energy 2018 (June 3, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9429867.

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Daylighting methods have evolved along with the impetus to reduce the total nonrenewable utility energy consumed by lighting. In general, daylighting systems are an efficient method of delivering light for indoor applications. However, there is little research looking specifically at indoor agriculture applications. Today, optical fibers are commonly used in various applications including imaging, lighting, and sensing. Our study simulated and tested the efficiency of an optical fiber daylighting system in an indoor environment. We tested the illumination performance of optical fibers and specifically looked at light intensity, light uniformity, and the spectrum of 20 mm and 3 mm optical fibers at five distances by offsetting a spectrometer. The scenarios were first modeled and tested using lighting simulation software. Similar settings were then empirically implemented and measured. The results showed that a difference in diameter had an effect on light intensity and light uniformity; the larger the diameter the better the light uniformity and light intensity. Further, the distance at which the spectrometer was placed in reference to the light source showed a relationship between both light intensity and light uniformity; the smaller the distance the more the intensity and the less the uniformity. Additionally, the experiments showed that sunlight intensity was 30 times and 140 times greater than optical fiber output intensity in the absence of any UV filter and presence of UV light, respectively.

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23

Huang, Yongping, and Jianshe Ma. "Laser and LED Hybrid Plant Lighting System Design Based on the Particle Swarm Algorithm." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 7588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217588.

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This paper developed light-emitting diode (LED) and laser models suitable for the design of uniform surface irradiation systems that use computer algorithms. During the evaluation factor for a two-dimensional particle swarm algorithm, the effects of energy utilization and uniformity were comprehensively considered and LED and laser models were given. The optimal design method was used with a laser and LED hybrid light source. According to the lighting requirements of lettuce, three types of lighting were simulated for the LED and laser models, and the best simulation results were selected for experiments. The experiment verified the feasibility of the above method and obtained a laser and LED hybrid lighting system with an energy utilization rate of about 78% and a uniformity of up to 85%.

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24

Wang, Lianyu. "Home intelligent lighting control system based on wireless sensor." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-07-2019-0187.

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Purpose Intelligent lighting control system can control lights to go off when people leave, which has been widely concerned by researchers. Design/methodology/approach In this study, an intelligent lighting control system based on wireless sensor network was designed. First, the hardware and software designs of the system were described briefly. Then, the lighting control algorithm was analyzed emphatically. Considering the illumination and uniformity of light, an intelligent lighting control algorithm based on gradient descent was designed. Findings In the system test, it was found that the system had a good through-wall communication function, and the communication distance could fully meet the system requirements and run normally. In the test of the lighting control algorithm, it was found that the user’s satisfaction on uniformity in different scenarios was close to 1, and the satisfaction on illumination could also meet the user’s needs, which verified the reliability of the lighting control algorithm. Originality/value This study provides some theoretical supports for the better application of wireless sensor network in intelligent light control system, which is conducive to the further development of light control system.

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Rahm, Johan, and Maria Johansson. "Assessment of Outdoor Lighting: Methods for Capturing the Pedestrian Experience in the Field." Energies 14, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 4005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14134005.

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This study assessed whether methods for capturing the pedestrian experience of outdoor lighting, previously evaluated in a full-scale laboratory, were applicable in a real-world setting. It applied an approach capturing the human response to outdoor lighting in a systematic way, by assessing perception, evaluation and behaviour in the lit environment. The study involved 81 participants from two age groups (Young—n: 48, mean age: 26, 63% women; Elderly—n: 33, mean age: 69, 67% women) and was carried out on a pedestrian path in a park in the centre of Malmö, Sweden, in the evenings during wintertime. Two LED lighting applications, differing in light distribution, uniformity and horizontal illuminance, were presented, and the pedestrians’ perception (facial expression recognition and sign reading), evaluation (arousal, valence and perceived outdoor lighting quality) and behaviour (pedestrian flow) were assessed. The results from the perceptual tasks differed significantly between the lighting applications, in favour of the lighting application with greatest uniformity and horizontal illuminance. There was a significant difference in sign reading distance between the two age groups. The methods applied in this study are feasible to administer and could be used to assess lighting solutions in order to capture the needs of vulnerable groups.

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Bhattacharya, Sourin, Suddhasatwa Chakraborty, and Susanta Ray. "An Approach To Comparative Simulation Of Road Lighting and Estimation Of Associated Quality Parameters." Light & Engineering, no. 01-2021 (February 2021): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-058.

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A software-based comparative simulation work was conducted about the luminance-based method of road lighting design with MATLAB and DIALux, giving due consideration to the design standards laid down in CIE140:2019 technical report. The outputs were obtained for a specified set of road lighting conditions in terms of luminaire mounting height, road width, spacing of lighting poles, overhang, and maintenance factor for four different CIE standard road surfaces R1, R2, R3, and R4, six different observer positions and three types of luminai rearrangements. MATLAB and DIALux outputs were quantified by three quality parameters, namely: average luminance, overall uniformity and longitudinal uniformity of luminance, and the linear correlation between the two was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.00001). DIALux, as a graphical lighting design tool, was found to be more convenient than the algorithm-reliant MATLAB programming approach for general road lighting simulation. However, MATLAB programming approachcould facilitate experimental road lighting simulation, and the developed MATLAB program could be used as a flexible tool to simulate road lighting with experimental luminaire distribution curve of luminous intensity (I) and road surface reduced luminance coefficient (r) tables. Further developments upon it could potentially integrate provisions for luminaires with custom tilt and curved road surfaces.

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Wang, Xue Liang, An Cui, Wen Qiang Xu, and Qian Zhang. "Simulation of Artificial Lighting Comfort of Cab for High-Speed Train." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.181.

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The artificial lighting level and visual comfort of drivers for a high-speed train cab are evaluated by using computer simulation technology. The simulation model is established first, and then some lighting quality indexes, such as illuminance, illuminance uniformity and glare, are analyzed based on related design standards. Considering the effects of environmental lighting on drivers physiology and psychology, the analysis on environmental psychology for driver of the cab are conducted also. The evaluation method proposed in the paper is significant for improving artificial lighting design of high-speed train cab.

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Bullough, JD, JD Snyder, and K. Kiefer. "Impacts of average illuminance, spectral distribution, and uniformity on brightness and safety perceptions under parking lot lighting." Lighting Research & Technology 52, no. 5 (September 18, 2019): 626–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153519875171.

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In addition to supporting visibility, parking lot lighting should enable people to feel safe and secure while they are walking through a parking lot at night. Previously published research has indicated that perceptions of safety and security under outdoor illumination are correlated with perceptions of scene brightness, which in turn are influenced by the light level in the lot, by the spectral distribution of the illumination, and the uniformity of illumination. However, the interactions and interplay among these factors are not well understood. To address this knowledge gap, two laboratory experiments were conducted using a scale model parking lot scene and a controllable light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system that allowed parametric variations in light level, spectrum and uniformity. From the results, a mathematical model of overall brightness and safety perceptions was developed to predict how different lighting configurations are perceived. The model can be used to help specifiers select lighting systems for parking lot illumination that meet the objectives of reinforcing sensations of personal safety while balancing energy use and cost concerns.

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GÜLER, Önder, and Sermin ONAYGIL. "A New Criterion for Road Lighting: Average Visibility Level Uniformity." Journal of Light & Visual Environment 27, no. 1 (2003): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jlve.27.39.

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30

YAMAMOTO, Tatsuya, Nozomu YOSHIZAWA, Naoyuki SUZUKI, and Etsuko MOCHIZUKI. "LUMINANCE-BASED EVALUATION INDEX FOR NON-UNIFORMITY OF LIGHTING ENVIRONMENT." Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 86, no. 783 (May 30, 2021): 486–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aije.86.486.

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31

Li, Wei, Chuan Zheng Zhu, and Yong Yang. "Evaluation Index LPD of Highway Lighting’s Energy-Saving." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1628–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1628.

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LPD’s (lighting power density) definition, calculation method, standard value, influence factors and ways to reduce it are talked in this article. The aim is to take measures to reduce LPD properly. LPD should be less than standard value while guaranteeing traffic safety, average and uniformity road surface luminance. Then a road lighting system of energy-saving should be built as soon as possible.

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Lin, Jian-Shian, Wei-Lun Tai, Chieh-Lung Lai, and Yoshimi Takeuchi. "New Daylight Panel Design Using Ultra-Precision Machining." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 1 (January 5, 2009): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0089.

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The daylight panel design we introduce increases inner wall illumination by 20% and improves daytime lighting efficiency. The three panel structures we simulated and manufactured are plain, triangular, and rhombic. Simulation and optical measurement results show that the rhombic structured panel uses daylight most efficiently. Our microstructured daylight panel increases building illumination and uniformity, reduces lighting-fixture glare, and saves energy, making it environment-friendly.

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Li, D. H. W., E. K. W. Tsang, and I. R. Edmonds. "Performance of Light Redirection Systems in Model Buildings Under Typical Sky and Building Obstruction Conditions Encountered in Hong Kong." Indoor and Built Environment 20, no. 6 (August 2, 2011): 638–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x11409456.

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In Hong Kong, many buildings are high-rise blocks constructed close to each other resulting in severe sky obstructions, more particularly for rooms at the lower floors. Innovative daylighting technologies that transport natural light from outside towards the inner part of deep plan rooms are appropriate devices to improve daylight uniformity and visual comfort. Good visual effects and less lighting energy use may result if proper designs are employed. This paper studies the performance of light redirection systems via scale model under real sky conditions. The results demonstrate that laser cut panels can generally increase the interior daylight in the rear of the scale model room, improve the daylight uniformity and have the potential to reduce the electric lighting energy use.

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LISOVENKO, Valentin, Denys Valentynovych LISOVENKO, Oleksandr BAZIK, Yurii SHMELEV, and Sławomir BYŁEŃ. "ELECTRONIC CONTROL OF LOCAL UNIFORMITY OF ILLUMINANCE FROM POWER LED." Systemy Logistyczne Wojsk 52, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37055/slw/129248.

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<div class="contentJustify">It has been suggested to assess non-uniformity of illuminance by the coordinate distribution of its gradient. By the example of mathematical model, the possibility to form a desired illuminance gradient profile from a multicomponent module by means of electronic control of the LED lighting parameters.</div>

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Yao, Qing Hua, and Miao Cao. "Illumination Uniformity Measurement Technology Research Based on Quasi-Sine Particle Swarm Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 951 (May 2014): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.951.265.

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Illumination uniformity measurement technology of target is a main factor that influences the instruments’ function assessing and ballistic test. Non-linear optimizing strategy of illumination uniformity is introduced in this paper, and the method is put forward to improve illumination uniformity based on Quasi-sine Particle Swarm Optimization. This paper describes the basic principle and implementation steps of the algorithm. The objective function and the degree of orientation function are given. The objective function of optimization results show that the algorithm is convergent and the overall lighting objectives of the symmetry are obtained.

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Lee, Jetter, Lanh-Thanh Le, Hien-Thanh Le, Hsing-Yuan Liao, Guan-Zhi Huang, Hsin-Yi Ma, Chan-Chuan Wen, et al. "Low-Glare Freeform-Surfaced Street Light Luminaire Optimization to Meet Enhanced Road Lighting Standards." International Journal of Optics 2020 (August 28, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5683264.

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To enhance driving safety at night, a new freeform-surface street light luminaire was proposed and evaluated in this study that meets the requirements of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) M3 class standard for road lighting. The luminaire was designed using simulations to optimize the location of the bulb according to the requirements of the standard. The light source IES file was experimentally obtained for the optimized luminaire prototype with a 150 W ceramic metal halide lamp using an imaging goniophotometer. The trial road lighting simulation results computed by the lighting software DIALux indicated that the proposed luminaire provided an average road surface brightness of 1.1 cd/m2 (compared to a minimum requirement of 1.0 cd/m2), a brightness uniformity of 0.41 (compared to a minimum requirement of 0.4), a longitudinal brightness uniformity of 0.64 (compared to a minimum requirement of 0.6), and a glare factor of 7.6% (compared to a maximum limit of 15%). The findings of the image goniophotometer tests were then confirmed by the results of a certified mirror goniophotometer test conducted by the Taiwan Accreditation Foundation (TAF). The results of this study can be used to provide improved street lighting designs to meet enhanced international standards.

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Chen, Ming-Jui, Hien-Thanh Le, Lanh-Thanh Le, Wei-Hsiung Tseng, Wei-Yang Lee, Si-Yuan Chen, Sheng-Yen Chen, Hsing-Yuan Liao, Yung-Cheng Li, and Hsiao-Yi Lee. "Design of Counter Beam Tunnel Lights for CIE 88 : 2004 Regulation in Threshold Zone." International Journal of Optics 2020 (March 30, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6145638.

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To enhance driving safety, a counter beam light is proposed to meet CIE (International Commission on Illumination) specifications for tunnel lighting. The proposed new counter beam light (CBL) acts as a qualified counter beam light to help tunnel road lighting meet the CIE 88 : 2004 regulation standard in the threshold zone in both simulation and in practice. Through appropriate arrangements of the counter beam light and conventional fluorescent lights on the tunnel ceiling, we demonstrate that road tunnel lighting meeting CIE 88 : 2004 standards can be accomplished. Based on LiteStar four-dimensional simulation, the source file created through the measurement of the proposed CBL prototype achieved an average road surface brightness of 121 cd/m2, which is greater than the minimum regulation level of 105 cd/m2, a brightness uniformity of 0.88 (minimum regulation level of 0.4), longitudinal brightness uniformity of 0.98 (minimum regulation level of 0.6), a glare factor of 4.41% (maximum level of 15%), and a contrast revealing coefficient of 1.08, which is above the 0.6 minimum level in the threshold zone.

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Yan, Jun Cen, and Ying Che. "The Research of Illumination Uniformity Assessment Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4190.

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In precision machining field,lighting quality has an important influence on subjective visual experience and job performance. Therefore,it has great significance that the effective assessment of illumination uniformity.In connection with illumination uniformity assessment which is a nonlinear optimization problem, a evaluation method of illuminance uniformity based on improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed.under the premise of elaborate the basic principles of the algorithm and implementation steps. The paper has given its optimized objective function and fitness function of the algorithm.what’s more, the feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm is verified.The results that illumination uniformity function of the simulation show that this method not only improves the calculation accuracy and reduces the possibility of local convergence.

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Güler, Ö., and S. Onaygil. "The effect of luminance uniformity on visibility level in road lighting." Lighting Research & Technology 35, no. 3 (September 2003): 199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1365782803li074oa.

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Giang, Duong Thi, Thanh Son Pham, Quang Minh Ngo, Van Tang Nguyen, Tran Quoc Tien, and Pham Hong Duong. "An Alternative Approach for High Uniformity Distribution of Indoor Lighting LED." IEEE Photonics Journal 12, no. 2 (April 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2020.2979609.

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Hwa-Soo, Lee, Kwon Sook-Youn, and Lim Jae-Hyun. "Improvement of light uniformity by lighting arrangement for standardized crop production." Journal of Central South University 21, no. 11 (November 2014): 4311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11771-014-2430-5.

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Blankenbach, Karlheinz, and Robert Isele. "57.1: Invited Paper: Automotive Interior Lighting: Challenges and Solutions for Uniformity." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 50, S1 (September 2019): 618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.13589.

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Li, Shu Fang, and Shuang Guo Niu. "Analysis on Lighting Source Configuration of Stadiums for College Physical Education." Advanced Materials Research 721 (July 2013): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.721.677.

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Based on the analysis on architectural characteristics of the training facilities for college physical education and in the light of lighting design standard for sports buildings, we designed the lighting uniformity for college physical education facilities with high demand for ground light and relatively low requirements for vertical lighting. It has been demonstrated through experiment and verification on corresponding illumination, power, energy efficiency of commonly used high voltage sodium lamps in the range of 187V-234V in electro-optic experiments, that college physical education training facilities should adopt the high-voltage sodium lamp as the electric light source.

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Li, Wei, Guang Ke Zhao, and Yan Ling Na. "An Experimental Study on the Application of Seamless Prism Light Guide." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 3089–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.3089.

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In this paper, a special lighting system that uses seamless prism light guide as main lighting component and application of the system in a high-humidity room is introduced. Experimental results show that the illuminance level and uniformity in the room has been improved greatly by the application of the guide. The average horizontal and vertical illuminance on main working plan created by the seamless light guide system is individually 74.1% and 101.8% higher than that created by the original lighting fixtures. The application of the seamless light guide system also makes the maintaining work become easier and safer.

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Chao, Paul C. P., Lun De Liao, Chi Wei Chiu, and Chien Yu Shen. "Design of a Highly-Efficient Light Guide Plate for the Edge Lighting Backlight Module." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.128.

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This study develops a highly-efficient light-guide plate for edge lighting backlight module that has no optical films. The light guide plate is designed to control the angle of the incident rays to the top surface from light source, to get the highest uniformity of intensity for thin edge lighting backlight system applications. The micro-prisms of pyramidal shape on the top surface can highly-efficient collimate with the light rays. Another micro-prism of v-cut shape on the bottom surface can reflect the incident light into the front direction and mixing the rays in the lightguide plate with the high uniformity. A novel design concept of the v-cut is the regular density varies of the cut in the LGP. The modeling simulation program, employing a Monte Carlo method based on TracePro software, has optimized the shape of the pyramidal micro-prisms on the top surface and the density distribution condition of the v-cut micro-prisms on the bottom surface, also the multiple scattering characteristics. The two types of the micro-prisms at the top and bottom surface can be highly recommended for the uniformity of the brightness via the optimal design process. Future work is warranted on improving the optical efficiency by using light-emitting diodes as a light source. The backlight module will allow us to increase the optical efficiency and to lower the total cost in portable LCD applications. The study confirms that a uniformity of brightness can be achieved without using any optical films, resulting in a high uniformity of 84%.

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Thi, My Hanh Nguyen, Phung Ton That, and Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh. "Eu2+-activated strontium-barium silicate: a positive solution for improving luminous efficacy and color uniformity of white light-emitting diodes." Materials Science-Poland 38, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msp-2020-0069.

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Abstract In this research we have studied the lighting enhancement method by analyzing chromatic performance and luminous flux of light emitting diodes that produce white light. In order to achieve expected results, it is necessary to mix Eu2+-activated strontium-barium silicate (SrBaSiO4:Eu2+) with its phosphor compounding, which has been demonstrated to have considerable influence on lighting performance. The results showed that with the gradually increasing concentration of yellow-greenemitting SrBaSiO4:Eu2+ phosphor in LEDs devices, at 8500 K, the color homogeneity and the lighting output received a great improvement. The color quality scale, on the other hand, responded negatively to the increase in SrBaSiO4:Eu2+. The impact of SrBaSiO4:Eu2+ on optical properties of WLEDs was confirmed. The final step to optimize SrBaSiO4:Eu2+ usage in lighting development is to figure out a suitable amount of particles and optimize their size.

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Zhu, Z., B. Peng, J. Yuan, and X. Xu. "Design method of double freeform surface lens with diffuse reflection." Lighting Research & Technology 52, no. 2 (February 4, 2019): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153519825875.

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The design method of a double freeform surface lens is being widely applied in non-imaging optical systems. In this paper, a diffuse reflection freeform surface is introduced into the design of a double freeform surface lens. Different from the universal double freeform surface lens, this double freeform surface lens is divided into a small-angle freeform surface and a large-angle diffuse reflection freeform surface. The small-angle freeform surface firstly limits and forms the lighting area. Then, the large-angle freeform surface is designed to improve the efficiency of lighting the area. And this front light diffuse reflection effectively avoids the influence of light source projection onto the lighting effects. Based on this design method, the double freeform surface lens is obtained. The results show that the efficiency of a circular lighting area reaches 81% and the uniformity of the irradiance distribution reaches 91%. And this design is also suitable for forming different shapes of lighting areas while maintaining a better lighting effect.

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Abdullah, Ade, Muhammad Aziz, and Muhammad Huda. "Redesigning Public Street Lighting Using Photometric Method." Indonesian Journal of Computing, Engineering and Design (IJoCED) 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35806/ijoced.v3i1.153.

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Street lighting with LED (Light-Emitting Diode) technology is currently the main option of public lighting in almost every country. Even though LED technology is a less costly selection, there needs to be well planned in an attempt of acquiring high efficiency. The photometric approach was tested in this study in order to redesign the existing approach used in street lighting in Indonesia. The redesigning process was carried out using software namely DIALux on two different schemes; one with homogeneous luminaire and the other one with the non-homogeneous luminaire. The results of this study showed that the most significant factors in redesigning street lighting covered types of the lamp, pole distance, pole height, and proper lighting angles which could affect the illumination value on both the main road and the sidewalks. In addition, it has also been proven that a homogeneous approach using LED lamp lighting promoted uniformity as well as optimum illumination.

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Lin, Jianyao, Yu Chen, Yun Ye, Sheng Xu, Tailiang Guo, and Enguo Chen. "Patternable Quantum-Dot Photoresist with High Photolithographic Uniformity." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 624–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.3929.

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We present a ligand-exchange-free photo-patternable quantum-dot photoresist (QDPR) with high photolithographic uniformity. The dispersion mechanism between the QD’s surface ligands and the functional groups of photoresist polymers are studied. Results show that the dispersibility and photoluminescent intensity of this QDPR can be both improved by controlling dispersant and antioxidant. For device demonstration, multi-colored quantum dot color conversion films (QDCCF) were prepared and patterned by a photolithography process. High QD dispersibility and film-forming uniformity were both achieved with this QDCCF. It is believed that the proposed QDPR has the potential to be extensively used in lighting or display applications.

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Babu, Akshay, Sharon Joseph ponthokkan, Aleena Joseph, Abhijith R. Prasad, and Aswathy VS. "A Novel Approach to Implementation of Lighting Design Using Virtual Reality." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jul473.

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Architectural lighting style may be field among design, interior style and electrical engineering that’s involved with the look of light system as well as natural light-weight, electric-light bulb, or each to serve human wants . Lighting design using virtual reality is an innovative approach towards electrical system design. The lighting design process and the current problems associated with them are solved by integrating two different branches of engineering along with electrical engineering. The problems associated with current lighting design such as excess illumination, improper arrangement and non uniformity can lead to several problems. This includes energy loss, cost overruns and eye strain. Implementation of lighting design using virtual reality helps to overcome many of these problems. It enable the identification of problems in the early stage of design itself by creating a 3D model of the proposed building and transforming it to a real time visual experience with the help of virtual reality concept. Hence the proper lighting calculation along with this will improve overall lighting design in terms of energy savings, cost ,and aesthetics.

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