Journal articles: 'Uniform attachment'

1

Gomez, Juan Pablo, Fabio Marcelo Peña, Valentina Martínez, Diana C. Giraldo, and Carlos Iván Cardona. "Initial force systems during bodily tooth movement with plastic aligners and composite attachments: A three-dimensional finite element analysis." Angle Orthodontist 85, no. 3 (September 2, 2014): 454–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/050714-330.1.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe, using a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model, the initial force system generated during bodily movement of upper canines with plastic aligners with and without composite attachments. Materials and Methods: A CAD model of an upper right canine, its alveolar bone and periodontal ligament, thermoformed plastic aligner, and two light-cured composite attachments were constructed. A FE model was used to analyze the effects of imposing a distal movement condition of 0.15 mm on the aligner (simulating the mechanics used to produce a distal bodily movement) with and without composite attachments. Results: In terms of tension and compression stress distribution, without composite attachments a compression area in the cervical third of the distal root surface and a tension area in the apical third of the mesial surface were observed. With composite attachments, uniform compression areas in the distal root surface and uniform tension area in the mesial root surface were observed. Compression areas in the active surfaces of the composite attachments were also observed. In terms of movement patterns, an uncontrolled distal inclination, with rotation axis between the middle and cervical root thirds, was observed without composite attachment. Distal bodily movement (translation) was observed with composite attachment. Conclusions: In a three-dimensional FE analysis of a plastic aligner system biomechanically supplementary composite attachments generate the force system required to produce bodily tooth movement; the absence of biomechanically supplementary composite attachments favors the undesired inclination of the tooth during the translation movements.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Liu, Xuefeng, Jiawei Wan, Yansong Xiong, Songyue Liang, Yan Gao, and Zhiyong Tang. "Synthesis of Uniform CdSe Quantum Wires via Oriented Attachment." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 15, no. 8 (August 1, 2015): 5798–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2015.9768.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Tanaka, Manabu, Kentaro Yamamoto, Tashiro Shinichi, and John J. Lowke. "Predictions of Current Attachment at Thermionic Cathode for TIG Arcs." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.319.

Full text

Abstract:

Study of current attachment at thermionic cathode for TIG arc at atmospheric pressure is attempted from numerical calculations of arc-electrodes unified model. The calculations show that the maximum temperature of arc plasma close to the cathode tip for W-2% ThO2 reaches 19,000 K and it is the highest value in comparison with the other temperatures for W-2% La2O3 and W-2% CeO2, because the current attachment at the cathode tip is constricted by a centralized limitation of liquid area of ThO2 due to its higher melting point. The calculations also show that, in cases of W- 2% La2O3 and W-2% CeO2, the liquid areas of La2O3 and Ce2O3 are widely expanded at the cathode tip due to their lower melting points and then produce uniform current attachments at the cathode. It is concluded that the current attachment at thermionic cathode is strongly dependent on work function, melting point and Richardson constant of emitter materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Mousavi, Seiyed Ali Asghar Akbari, A. Halvaee, and R. Khanzadeh. "Experimental Investigations of Explosive Welding of Three-Layer Cylinder Composites-Part 1." Materials Science Forum 580-582 (June 2008): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.580-582.323.

Full text

Abstract:

Study of current attachment at thermionic cathode for TIG arc at atmospheric pressure is attempted from numerical calculations of arc-electrodes unified model. The calculations show that the maximum temperature of arc plasma close to the cathode tip for W-2% ThO2 reaches 19,000 K and it is the highest value in comparison with the other temperatures for W-2% La2O3 and W-2% CeO2, because the current attachment at the cathode tip is constricted by a centralized limitation of liquid area of ThO2 due to its higher melting point. The calculations also show that, in cases of W- 2% La2O3 and W-2% CeO2, the liquid areas of La2O3 and Ce2O3 are widely expanded at the cathode tip due to their lower melting points and then produce uniform current attachments at the cathode. It is concluded that the current attachment at thermionic cathode is strongly dependent on work function, melting point and Richardson constant of emitter materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Lyon, Merritt R., and Hosam M. Mahmoud. "Trees grown under young-age preferential attachment." Journal of Applied Probability 57, no. 3 (September 2020): 911–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2020.49.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractWe introduce a class of non-uniform random recursive trees grown with an attachment preference for young age. Via the Chen–Stein method of Poisson approximation, we find that the outdegree of a node is characterized in the limit by ‘perturbed’ Poisson laws, and the perturbation diminishes as the node index increases. As the perturbation is attenuated, a pure Poisson limit ultimately emerges in later phases. Moreover, we derive asymptotics for the proportion of leaves and show that the limiting fraction is less than one half. Finally, we study the insertion depth in a random tree in this class. For the insertion depth, we find the exact probability distribution, involving Stirling numbers, and consequently we find the exact and asymptotic mean and variance. Under appropriate normalization, we derive a concentration law and a limiting normal distribution. Some of these results contrast with their counterparts in the uniform attachment model, and some are similar.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Luo, Yi, Yadong Zhou, Shengli Zou, and Jing Zhao. "Dielectric domain distribution on Au nanoparticles revealed by localized surface plasmon resonance." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 44 (2018): 12038–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc02944j.

Full text

Abstract:

The LSPR of Au nanospheres shows almost no shift in the extinction spectrum with attachment of a silica domain but considerable shift with a uniform layer of silica, indicating LSPR can be used to differentiate the segregated/uniform dielectric distribution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Sun, Shen Shen. "Vessel Attachment Nodule Segmentation Based on Mean-Shift and EM." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.589.

Full text

Abstract:

For solving the segmentation problem of vessel attachment nodule, a new adaptive bandwidth chosen method based on EM is proposed and apply it into Mean-shift algorithm to segment vessel attachment nodule. This method has some advantages such as time low complexity and correct bandwidth when comparing it to the method of bandwidth chosen based on statistical analysis rule or optimized rule, Imposing the vertical orientation vectors of vessel’s gradient submitting to normal distribution and the vertical orientation vectors of nodule’s gradient submitting to uniform distribution, modeling the nodule connected vessel, and estimating model parameter by EM, extract bandwidth parameter in Mean-shift based on the weight of uniform distribution. The proposed method was tested on synthetic data set and the clinical chest CT volumes, and all the results were correct. The results revealed that the proposed method is successful in segmentation lung vessel attachment nodule.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Lee, Mikyun, and Yoonsun Heo. "The effect of the Uniform Components on Uniform satisfaction and Attachment to Department : Focusing on Airline-service majored Students." Journal of Tourism Management Research 24, no. 7 (December 31, 2020): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18604/tmro.2020.24.7.15.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Lee, Mikyun, and Yoonsun Heo. "The effect of the Uniform Components on Uniform satisfaction and Attachment to Department : Focusing on Airline-service majored Students." Journal of Tourism Management Research 24, no. 7 (December 31, 2020): 309–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.18604/tmro.2020.24.7.15.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Jawad, M. H., E. J. Clarkin, and R. E. Schuessler. "Evaluation of Tube-to-Tubesheet Junctions." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 109, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3264850.

Full text

Abstract:

The strength of tube-to-tubesheet joints is influenced by many factors such as method of attachment, details of construction, and material property. In this report three methods of attachment are investigated. They are uniform expansion, mechanical rolling, and welding. Details of construction studied in this report are: the finish of tubesheet hole surface; grooved versus ungrooved tubesheets; and groove geometry. The effect of material property on the joint strength was investigated for carbon steel and titanium tubes attached to carbon steel tubesheet. The results indicate that a theoretical prediction of the behavior of joints is feasible for various materials, methods of attachment, and details of construction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Kazmiruk, V. V., and I. S. Stepanov. "An attachment to SEM for 3-D surface topography measurements of uniform materials." Scanning 15, no. 3 (1993): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sca.4950150309.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Labonte, David, and Walter Federle. "Scaling and biomechanics of surface attachment in climbing animals." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1661 (February 5, 2015): 20140027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0027.

Full text

Abstract:

Attachment devices are essential adaptations for climbing animals and valuable models for synthetic adhesives. A major unresolved question for both natural and bioinspired attachment systems is how attachment performance depends on size. Here, we discuss how contact geometry and mode of detachment influence the scaling of attachment forces for claws and adhesive pads, and how allometric data on biological systems can yield insights into their mechanism of attachment. Larger animals are expected to attach less well to surfaces, due to their smaller surface-to-volume ratio, and because it becomes increasingly difficult to distribute load uniformly across large contact areas. In order to compensate for this decrease of weight-specific adhesion, large animals could evolve overproportionally large pads, or adaptations that increase attachment efficiency (adhesion or friction per unit contact area). Available data suggest that attachment pad area scales close to isometry within clades, but pad efficiency in some animals increases with size so that attachment performance is approximately size-independent. The mechanisms underlying this biologically important variation in pad efficiency are still unclear. We suggest that switching between stress concentration (easy detachment) and uniform load distribution (strong attachment) via shear forces is one of the key mechanisms enabling the dynamic control of adhesion during locomotion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Li, Zhimin, Zhaolin He, and Chunhua Hu. "Asymptotic Degree Distribution of a Kind of Asymmetric Evolving Network." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/761235.

Full text

Abstract:

We propose a kind of evolving network which shows tree structure. The model is a combination of preferential attachment model and uniform model. We show that the proportional degree sequencepkk>1obeys power law, exponential distribution, and other forms according to the relation ofkand parameterm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Salerno, Gianandrea, Manuela Rebora, Silvana Piersanti, Valerio Saitta, Alexander Kovalev, Elena Gorb, and Stanislav Gorb. "Reduction in Insect Attachment Caused by Different Nanomaterials Used as Particle Films (Kaolin, Zeolite, Calcium Carbonate)." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 23, 2021): 8250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158250.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present investigation, we compared the reduction in attachment ability of the southern green stinkbug Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) to glass induced by three different nanoparticle (kaolin, zeolite, and calcium carbonate) films. Using traction force experiments, behavioral experiments, and scanning electron microscopy observations, we analyzed the insect attachment ability and linear speed on untreated and treated glass with the three particle films. The three nanomaterials strongly reduced insect attachment ability mainly owing to contamination of attachment pads. The ability to reduce insect attachment was different for the three tested particle films: kaolin and zeolite induced a significantly higher reduction in N. viridula safety factor than calcium carbonate. The coating of the surface was more uniform and compact in kaolin and zeolite compared to calcium carbonate particle film. Moreover, kaolin and zeolite particles can more readily adhere to N. viridula attachment devices, whereas calcium carbonate particles appeared less adherent to the cuticular surface compared to the two aluminosilicate (kaolin and zeolite) particles. Only the application of kaolin reduced insect linear speed during locomotion. Nanoparticle films have a great potential to reduce insect attachment ability and represent a good alternative to the use of insecticides for the control of pentatomid bugs and other pest insects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Jung, Jung Young, Sang Il Lee, Mi Seon Park, Doe Hyung Lee, Hee Tae Lee, Won Jae Lee, Soon Ku Hong, and Myong Chuel Chun. "The Effect of Modified Crucible Design and Seed Attachment on SiC Crystal Grown by PVT." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.77.

Full text

Abstract:

The present research was focused to investigate the effect of internal crucible design that influenced the 4H-SiC crystal growth onto a 6H-SiC seed by PVT method. The crucible design was modified to produce a uniform radial temperature gradient in the growth cell. The seed attachment was also modified with a use of polycrystalline SiC plate. The crystal quality of 4H-SiC single crystals grown in modified crucible and grown with modified seed attachment was revealed to be better than that of crystal grown in conventional crucible. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) values of grown SiC crystals in the conventional crucible, the modified seed attachment and the modified crucible were 285 arcsec, 134 arcsec and 128 arcsec, respectively. The micropipe density (MPD) of grown SiC crystals in the conventional crucible, the modified seed attachment and the modified crucible were 101ea/cm^2, 81ea/cm^2 and 42ea/cm^2, respectively.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Pachon, Angelica, Laura Sacerdote, and Shuyi Yang. "Scale-free behavior of networks with the copresence of preferential and uniform attachment rules." Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 371 (May 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2018.01.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Shizgal, B. "A uniform WKB analysis of the coupling of electron attachment and thermalization in gases." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 24, no. 13 (July 14, 1991): 2909–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/24/13/007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Sumarsono, Nur Muflihah, Sulung Rahmawan. W.G, Andhika Mayasari, Minto, and Fatma Ayu Nuning F.A. "PENGEMBANGAN KUALITAS PRODUK SERAGAM SEKOLAH DENGAN METODE SIX SIGMA DI TPKU PP.TEBUIRENG." ABIDUMASY Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33752/abidumasy.v2i1.1321.

Full text

Abstract:

TPKU PP.Tebuireng's business is engaged in school uniforms. The results of previous research, it was found that there were seven Critical to Quality (CTQ). The seven CTQs are button attachment, accessories installation, untidy stitching, loose overlock, uniform stain, slanted pocket, and sloping belt. Based on these findings, the objective of the activity is transforming knowledge to develop the quality of school uniform using the six sigma method. The six sigma method is improving quality, aiming 3-4 defects per million products or services. The results of the service activities have been delivery of material and the application of the six sigma method. The six sigma method stages include define, measure, analyze, improve, control. The results of the define application by check sheet, identified seven CTQs. The application of measure is 2.95 sigma level, is equivalent to 74,830 defective in a million productions. The analyze application with pareto and causal diagram shows two types of CTQ. That have dominant causes of defects, namely untidy seams and uniform stains. The implementation of improve is based on the analyze stage results. Implementation of control by means of documentation, disseminate all relevant sections. As a step to improve the performance of the next process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Filippov, Alexander E., and Stanislav N. Gorb. "Spatial model of the gecko foot hair: functional significance of highly specialized non-uniform geometry." Interface Focus 5, no. 1 (February 6, 2015): 20140065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2014.0065.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the important problems appearing in experimental realizations of artificial adhesives inspired by gecko foot hair is so-called clusterization. If an artificially produced structure is flexible enough to allow efficient contact with natural rough surfaces, after a few attachment–detachment cycles, the fibres of the structure tend to adhere one to another and form clusters. Normally, such clusters are much larger than original fibres and, because they are less flexible, form much worse adhesive contacts especially with the rough surfaces. Main problem here is that the forces responsible for the clusterization are the same intermolecular forces which attract fibres to fractal surface of the substrate. However, arrays of real gecko setae are much less susceptible to this problem. One of the possible reasons for this is that ends of the seta have more sophisticated non-uniformly distributed three-dimensional structure than that of existing artificial systems. In this paper, we simulated three-dimensional spatial geometry of non-uniformly distributed branches of nanofibres of the setal tip numerically, studied its attachment–detachment dynamics and discussed its advantages versus uniformly distributed geometry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Porwal, Pankaj K., and Chung Yuen Hui. "Strength statistics of adhesive contact between a fibrillar structure and a rough substrate." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 5, no. 21 (August 20, 2007): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2007.1133.

Full text

Abstract:

Equal distribution of load among fibrils in contact with a substrate is an important characteristic of fibrillar structures used by many small animals and insects for contact and adhesion. This is in contrast with continuum systems where stress concentration dominates interfacial failure. In this work, we study how adhesion strength of a fibrillar system depends on substrate roughness and variability of the fibril structure, which are modelled using probability distributions for fibril length and fibril attachment strength. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to determine the adhesion strength statistics where fibril length follows normal or uniform distribution and attachment strength has a power-law form. Our results indicate that the strength distribution is Gaussian (normal) for both the uniform and the normal distributions for length. However, the fibrillar structure having normally distributed lengths has higher strength and lower toughness than one having uniformly distributed lengths. Our simulations also show that an increase in the compliance of the fibrils can compensate for both the substrate roughness and the attachment strength variation. We also show that, as the number of fibrils n increases, the load-carrying efficiency of each fibril goes down. For large n , this effect is found to be small. Furthermore, this effect is compensated by the fact that the standard deviation of the adhesive strength decreases as .

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Cheng, Q. H., B. Chen, H. J. Gao, and Y. W. Zhang. "Sliding-induced non-uniform pre-tension governs robust and reversible adhesion: a revisit of adhesion mechanisms of geckos." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 67 (July 20, 2011): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0254.

Full text

Abstract:

Several mechanisms have been proposed in the literature to explain the robust attachment and rapid, controllable detachment of geckos' feet on vertical walls or ceilings, yet, it is still debatable, which one is ultimately responsible for geckos' extraordinary capabilities for robust and reversible adhesion. In this paper, we re-examine some of the key movements of geckos' spatula pads and seta hairs during attachment and detachment, and propose a sequence of simple mechanical steps that would lead to the extraordinary properties of geckos observed in experiments. The central subject under study here is a linear distribution of pre-tension along the spatula pad induced by its sliding motion with respect to a surface. The resulting pre-tension, together with a control of setae's pulling force and angle, not only allows for robust and strong attachment, but also enables rapid and controllable detachment. We perform computational modelling and simulations to validate the following key steps of geckos' adhesion: (i) creation of a linear distribution of pre-tension in spatula through sliding, (ii) operation of an instability envelope controlled by setae's pulling force and angle, (iii) triggering of an adhesion instability leading to partial decohesion along the interface, and (iv) complete detachment of spatula through post-instability peeling. The present work not only reveals novel insights into the adhesion mechanism of geckos, but also develops a powerful numerical simulation approach as well as additional guidelines for bioinspired materials and devices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Levenson, Samuil, and Evgeniya Kulikova. "ASSURANCE OF SELF-SYNCHRONIZATION OF UNBALANCE VIBRATION EXCITERS OF TRANSPORTER EQUIPMENT OF PIT DUMPER." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, no. 4 (2019): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-2-4-146-154.

Full text

Abstract:

The description of hydraulically operated vibrational dumper developed at Institute of Mining SB RAS for rock mass transloading from trucks into dump is given. The attention to the construction of vibration transporter equipment whose attachment is represented with metal sheet with low bending stiffness is paid. Two inertial vibration exciters have been set for assurance of uniform vibration field throughout transporting equipment. The procedure and results of the tests of dynamic of flexible attachment equipped with two unbalance sources of oscillations are shown. Allowable mismatch of partial frequency, at which in-synch working mode of vibration exciters is saved, is established. The influence of constructive parameters of attachment on stability of in-synch mode is determined. The description of experimental prototype of vibration dumper is given. Results of tests of the dumper has proved the efficiency of using such equipment for working at truck dumps of mining enterprises.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Goulay, F., C. Rebrion-Rowe, S. Carles, J. L. Le Garrec, and B. R. Rowe. "Electron attachment on HI and DI in a uniform supersonic flow: Thermalization of the electrons." Journal of Chemical Physics 121, no. 3 (July 15, 2004): 1303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1763832.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Gray, T. G. F., D. Mackenzie, A. Heaton, and A. Lubis. "Structural integrity of a welded attachment junction: Analysis and collapse tests." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 35, no. 6 (August 1, 2000): 567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324001514305.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of the research described was to establish a sound structural analysis procedure for load-carrying fillet-welded attachments with particular reference to cases where the welds are well separated by crack-like discontinuities. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to determine linear elastic fracture mechanics stress intensities and limit states for a range of typical attachment geometries, on the assumption that these two failure conditions represent practical extremes of behaviour. The influence of differences between the yield strengths of the parent materials and the welds was explored in the theoretical study. The results of the FEA were analysed to obtain the development of appropriate design/assessment formulae, based on simple structural mechanics models. These formulae provide an approach that improves on current codes of practice, which treat the loads on welds as statically determinate and ignore crack-related failure potential. Collapse tests were carried out on two-dimensional models of the cases studied. These included specimens where the strength properties were uniform throughout and others where higher-yield-strength welds were incorporated. The results confirmed the FEA results and associated formula with respect to the limit state and provided some insight into the effects of heterogeneous strength properties in the junction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Ye, Xin, Quan Yuan, Hua Cong, and Shuo Wang. "Dynamic Analysis of the Bioprosthetic Heart Valve on Different Fixation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 2342–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2342.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper constructs the bioprosthetic valve leaflets’ parametric model via computer aided design, a series of accurate parameters of the bioproshtetic heart valve, such as such as radius of the sutural ring, height of the supporting stent and inclination of the supporting stent, are determined. Numerical simulation is used to determine the effect of different shape designs and attachment edge fixed ways on the mechanical performance of the bioprosthetic valve leaflet. The dynamic behavior of the valve during diastolic phase is analyzed. The finite element analysis results show that the stress distribution of the ellipsoidal leaflet valve is comparatively reasonable. The ellipsoidal leaflet valve has the following advantages over the cylindrical leaflet valve, lower peak von Mises-stress, smaller stress concentration area, and relatively uniform stress distribution. The different ways of the attachment edge fixed also have a significant effect on the dynamic behavior of the valve. Attachment edge with some degrees of rotation when seamed to the stent can act to reduce the pressure and make the stress distribution reasonable. Reasonable attachment edge fixation may contribute to the long term durability of the valve. This indicates the need to account for the attachment edge seamed way, when manufacturing the bioproshetic heart valve with long term durability. This work is very helpful to manufacture valvular leaflets with reasonable shapes and to prolong the lifetime of the bioprosthetic heart valve.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Inubushi, Yusaku, and Akira Tachibana. "Uniform spheroid formation on a laboratory-made, low cell attachment surface consisting of a chitin sheet." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 84, no. 5 (January 11, 2020): 997–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2020.1714423.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Mizuno, Katsumi, Yoshiko Nishida, Noriko Mizuno, Motohiro Taki, Masahiko Murase, and Kazuo Itabashi. "The important role of deep attachment in the uniform drainage of breast milk from mammary lobe." Acta Paediatrica 97, no. 9 (September 2008): 1200–1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00911.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Zaw, Myo Min, Liang Zhu, and Ronghui Ma. "Effect of Surface Topography on Particle Deposition from Liquid Suspensions in Channel Flow." Fluids 5, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5010008.

Full text

Abstract:

A Eulerian—Lagrangian model has been developed to simulate particle attachment to surfaces with arc-shaped ribs in a two-dimensional channel flow at low Reynolds numbers. Numerical simulation has been performed to improve the quantitative understanding of how rib geometries enhance shear rates and particle-surface interact for various particle sizes and flow velocities. The enhanced shear rate is attributed to the wavy flows that develop over the ribbed surface and the weak vortices that form between adjacent ribs. Varying pitch-to-height ratio can alter the amplitude of the wavy flow and the angle of attack of the fluid on the ribs. In the presence of these two competing factors, the rib geometry with a pitch-to-height ratio of two demonstrates the greatest shear rate and the lowest fraction of particle attachment. However, the ribbed surfaces have negligible effects on small particles at low velocities. A force analysis identifies a threshold shear rate to reduce particle attachment. The simulated particle distributions over the ribbed surfaces are highly non-uniform for larger particles at higher velocities. The understanding of the effect of surface topography on particle attachment will benefit the design of surface textures for mitigating particulate fouling in a wide range of applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Broilo, Josué Ricardo, Evandro Afonso Sartori, Luiz Oscar Honorato Mariano, Leandro Corso, and Rosemary Sadami Arai Shinkai. "Three-dimensional finite element analysis of mandibular overdentures with different implant positions and attachment types." Revista Odonto Ciência 32, no. 4 (July 25, 2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2017.4.28877.

Full text

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: This 3-D FEA study compared the stress distribution in two-implant mandibular overdentures as a function of implant position and attachment system (LA: locator attachment vs. BA: ball attachment).METHODS: Four models of mandibular overdentures were tested: M1-LA – with implants at the canine regions (standard implant position) and LA; M2-LA – with implants placed at the first premolar regions (distalized implant position) and LA; M1-BA – with standard implant position and BA; and M2-BA – with distalized implant position and BA. The geometric models were converted into finite element models. A 100 N axial load was applied at the first molar region. The von-Mises stress distribution was compared in selected points.RESULTS: The models with BA had pattern of stress distribution was more uniform along the implant axis than the ones with LA, although the stress magnitude was larger. The largest area of von Mises stresses on the alveolar ridge was in the models with standard implant distribution.CONCLUSION: The findings showed that the models with BA had better biomechanical behavior than the ones with LA. For both types of attachment, the models with increased inter-implant distance presented a smaller area of stress distribution in the perimplant cortical bone tissue than the standard implant position.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Blanchard, A., D. M. McFarland, L. A. Bergman, and A. F. Vakakis. "Damping-induced interplay between vibrations and waves in a forced non-dispersive elastic continuum with asymmetrically placed local attachments." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 471, no. 2176 (April 2015): 20140402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2014.0402.

Full text

Abstract:

We study the dynamics of a linear, uniform, undamped string under harmonic base excitation, with an attachment consisting of either a spring–dashpot system or a vibration absorber. Mode complexity caused by the local damping of the attachment can lead to coexistence of vibrations and waves in the string. We consider either identical harmonic base motions at both ends or harmonic base excitation at one end. In the case of double harmonic base excitation, it is possible to choose the parameters of the attachment, so that the mode complexity is maximal in one part of the string (leading to travelling waves and elimination of vibrations) and almost zero in the other part (with standing waves or vibration modes). Similarly, for single base excitation, we analytically predict the parameters of the attachment that maximize mode complexity and enhance the interplay of vibrations and travelling waves in the string. Under such conditions, the system acts as a passive vibration confinement device, with induced energy being transmitted through travelling waves to a region where it is confined in the form of standing waves. Our results can be used for predictive design and reveal an unexpected new application of the classical linear vibration absorber.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

ORCHARD, GLORIA M., and ANTHONY J. WAKER. "CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTION OF AN ELECTRON ATTACHMENT SPECTROMETER: PULSE FORMATION TIME AND GAIN EFFECTS IN P-10 GAS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 27 (January 2014): 1460141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514601410.

Full text

Abstract:

An Electron Attachment Spectrometer (EAS) has been designed to measure electron attachment in air and other gases. The aim of the EAS is to observe how parameters such as the electric field, reduced electric field and type of gas can influence electron attachment. The overall objective of this work is to investigate if the gas-gain of a proportional counter can be optimized by minimizing electron attachment with oxygen to improve the measurement of tritium-in-air. Current research interests include the measurement of the time between the generation of the electron–ion pairs and arrival of the electrons at the wire anode. Additionally, the study of the multiplication properties of the detector as a function of pulse formation time, P-10 gas flow rate and electric field will be presented. The EAS is a cylinder with a length of approximately 92 mm and diameter of 41 mm comprised of cylindrical hollow brass electrodes and Teflon spacers. A uniform electric field within the tube is applied and guides electrons and/or ions towards their respective electrodes. A proportional counter with a 50 μm diameter wire anode is used to detect the electrons and/or ions created by an 241 Am source located at the opposite end.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Mohammad, Munir, Mohammad Bilal Khan, Tauqir A. Sherazi, Jose Anguita, and Damitha Adikaari. "Fabrication of Vertically Aligned CNT Composite for Membrane Applications Using Chemical Vapor Deposition throughIn SituPolymerization." Journal of Nanomaterials 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/713583.

Full text

Abstract:

We report the fabrication of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) composite using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A forest of vertically aligned CNTs was grown using catalytic CVD. Fluorocarbon polymer, films were deposited in the spaces between vertically aligned MWCNTs using thermal CVD apparatus developed in-house. The excessive polymer top layer was etched by exposing the sample to water plasma. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the attachment of functional groups to CNTs. Alignment of CNTs, deposition of polymer and postetched specimens were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Uniform distribution of monomodel vertically aligned CNTs embedded in the deposited polymer matrix was observed in the micrograph. Observed uniform distribution otherwise is not possible using conventional techniques such as spin coating.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Qie, X., S. Soula, and S. Chauzy. "Influence of ion attachment on the vertical distribution of the electric field and charge density below a thunderstorm." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 12 (December 31, 1994): 1218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-1218-6.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. A numerical model called PICASSO [Production d'Ions Corona Au Sol Sous Orage (French) and Production of Corona Ions at the Ground Beneath Thundercloud (English)], previously designed, is used to describe the evolution of the principal electrical parameters below a thunderstorm, taking into account the major part played by corona ions. In order to improve the model restitution of a real situation, various improvements are performed: an initial vertical distribution of aerosol particles is introduced instead of the previously used uniform concentration; time and space calculation steps are adjusted according to the electric field variation rate; the upper boundary condition is improved; and the coefficients of ion attachment are reconsidered with an exhaustive bibliographic study. The influence of the ion attachment on aerosol particles, on the electric field and charge density aloft, is studied by using three different initial aerosol particle concentrations at ground level and two types of initial vertical distributions: uniform and non-uniform. The comparison between field data and model results leads to adjust the initial aerosol particle concentration over the experimental site at the value of 5000 cm-3 which appears to be highly realistic. The evolutions of the electric field and of the charge density at altitude are greatly influenced by the aerosol concentration. On the contrary, the surface intrinsic field, defined as the electric field that would exist underneath a thundercloud if there were no local charges, is weakly affected when the model is forced by the surface field. A good correlation appears between the success in the triggered lightning attempts and this intrinsic field evaluation. Therefore, when only the surface field is available, the model can be used in a triggered lightning experiment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Fau, Michal, Agata Kowalczyk, Piotr Olejnik, and Anna M. Nowicka. "Tight and Uniform Layer of Covalently Bound Aminoethylophenyl Groups Perpendicular to Gold Surface for Attachment of Biomolecules." Analytical Chemistry 83, no. 24 (December 15, 2011): 9281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac201794m.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Mahmoud, Hosam M. "Local and global degree profiles of randomly grown self-similar hooking networks under uniform and preferential attachment." Advances in Applied Mathematics 111 (October 2019): 101930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aam.2019.07.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Huang, Qiao-Gao, and Guang Pan. "On the hydrodynamics of three in-line square cylinders in a uniform flow." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 06 (February 28, 2019): 1950066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919500660.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, is the hydrodynamics of three in-line square cylinders in a uniform flow, where the gap between two neighboring square cylinders is equivalent is under investigation. The fluid dynamics around those multiple bluff bodies, including time-mean drag coefficients, time-mean lift coefficients and Strouhal numbers, are considered at the Reynolds number [Formula: see text]. Through numerically solving the nonlinear hydrodynamic problem, we show that the drag force acting on the first square cylinder is always larger than that acting on the remaining two square cylinders. From the perspective of wake structures, with keeping the increase of the gap between two neighboring square cylinders, the wake structures become much more complicated, including attachment of shear layer, interaction between shear layer and vortex, interaction between vortex and vortex, etc. Moreover, the Strouhal number of three square cylinders are approximately equaled when the dimensionless gap between two neighboring square cylinders is less than 2.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Larson, Richard K. "AP-de (地) Adverbs in Mandarin." Studies in Chinese Linguistics 39, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scl-2018-0001.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Mandarin manner adverbs like dasheng ‘loudly’ (lit. ‘big voice’) occur both sentence-medially and sentence-finally, whereas adverbs formed with the adverbializer de (地) like kuaikuaide ‘quickly’ occur only sentence-medially. The behavior of AP-地 adverbs is puzzling under a classical adjunction analysis and under Cinque’s (1999) hierarchy of functional projections. Here, I argue that Mandarin manner adverbs have a uniform low attachment in V complement position and that preverbal/medial position reflects obligatory movement imposed by the status of 地 as a “concordializing element”.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Ruiz, Gabriel A., Martín L. Zamora, and Carmelo J. Felice. "Isoconductivity method to study adhesion of yeast cells to gold electrode." Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 5, no. 1 (August 8, 2019): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jeb.809.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn this paper, we used impedance spectroscopy and gold electrodes to detect the presence of yeast cells and monitor the attachment of these cells to the electrodes. We analyzed the effect of conductivity changes of the medium and the attachment on the electrode-electrolyte interface impedance. A three-electrode cell was designed to produce a uniform electric field distribution on the working electrode and to minimize the counter electrode impedance. Moreover, we used a small AC overpotential (10 mV) to keep the system within the linear impedance limits of the electrode-electrolyte interface. This study proposes a new method to differentiate the impedance changes due to the attachment of yeast cells from those due to conductivity changes of the medium. The experiments showed that when the difference between the cell suspension and base solution conductivities is within the experimental error, the impedance changes are only due to the attachment of yeast cells to the electrodes. The experiments also showed a strong dependence (decrease) of the parallel capacity of the electrode electrolyte interface with the yeast cell concentration of suspension. We suggest that this decrease is due to an asymmetrical redistribution of surface charges on both sides of cell, which can be modeled as a biologic capacity connected in series with the double layer capacity of the interface. Our results could help to explain the rate of biofilm formation through the determination of the rate of cell adhesion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Perota, A., D. Brunetti, M. Lizier, F. Lucchini, and C. Galli. "308 INFLUENCE OFA MATRIX ATTACHMENT REGION ON THE EXPRESSION OF BICISTRONIC VECTORS TRANSFECTED IN MAMMALIAN CELLS CULTURED IN VITRO." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab308.

Full text

Abstract:

We investigated the effect of the 52 MAR (matrix attachment region) sequence of chicken lysozyme gene as a possible insulator for the expression of our transgenes in somatic cells to be used for nuclear transfer. With the preliminary purpose to demonstrate a possible positive effect (position or copy number) on the long-term combined expression during in vitro culture, we have created a bicistronic ubiquitous expression vector with (MAR+) or without (MAR–) MAR. The main structure of our constructs is composed of the pCAGGS promoter driving the expression of a reporter gene (enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP) followed by a loxable selection cassette (loxP-PGKneo). The MAR region was inserted before the selection cassette. After KpnI digestion, the resulting linearized vectors were purified and subsequently used to transfect adult porcine fibroblast cell lines using the Nucleofector system (Amaxa, Cologne, Germany). Fibroblasts were cultured in DMEM/M199 medium (1:1) + 10% FCS supplemented with 5 ng mL–1 of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In every experiment, 1 � 106 cells were transfected with 2.5 µg of linearized plasmid and selected for 3 weeks with medium supplemented with 400 µg mL–1 of Geneticin (G418 sulfate, Calbiochem, La Jolla, CA). On Day 8 of G418 selection, we analyzed 150 colonies for each treatment, using fluorescence microscopy with fluorescein isothiocyanate filters. Colonies were classified according to size (large) and cell morphology (small cells without signs of aging). In addition, colonies were classified for uniform GFP expression (uniform), patchy GFP expression (variegated), and no GFP expression (negative). Resistant colonies derived from MAR+ and MAR– vectors, respectively, had 36 (24%), 42 (28%), and 56 (37%) v. 79 (53%), 58 (39%), and 29 (19%) uniform, variegated, and negative GFP. Differences were significant for variegated and negative in MAR+ v. MAR– (chi square, P < 0.05). Thirty-six MAR+ and 42 MAR– colonies uniformly expressing GFP were transferred to 24-well plates and subjected to G418 selection until Day 22, when 7 MAR+ and 15 MAR– clones were still growing in culture. Four of seven MAR+ (57%) and 7/15 MAR– (47%) uniformly expressed high levels of GFP. In conclusion, we found that significantly fewer colonies expressed GFP with the MAR+ vector; however, within the GFP-expressing clones, expression was more uniform. Therefore, we did not find a beneficial effect of MAR sequences on expression in somatic cells during in vitro culture; however, further work is needed to investigate their effect after nuclear transfer and/or on the next generation of cloned transgenic animals.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Yang, Kai-Hung, Alexander K. Nguyen, Peter L. Goering, Anirudha V. Sumant, and Roger J. Narayan. "Ultrananocrystalline diamond-coated nanoporous membranes support SK-N-SH neuroblastoma endothelial cell attachment." Interface Focus 8, no. 3 (April 20, 2018): 20170063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0063.

Full text

Abstract:

Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) has been demonstrated to have attractive features for biomedical applications and can be combined with nanoporous membranes for applications in drug delivery systems, biosensing, immunoisolation and single molecule analysis. In this study, free-standing nanoporous UNCD membranes with pore sizes of 100 or 400 nm were fabricated by directly depositing ultrathin UNCD films on nanoporous silicon nitride membranes and then etching away silicon nitride using reactive ion etching. Successful deposition of UNCD on the substrate with a novel process was confirmed with Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. Both sample types exhibited uniform geometry and maintained a clear hexagonal pore arrangement. Cellular attachment of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma endothelial cells was examined using confocal microscopy and SEM. Attachment of SK-N-SH cells onto UNCD membranes on both porous regions and solid surfaces was shown, indicating the potential use of UNCD membranes in biomedical applications such as biosensors and tissue engineering scaffolds.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Sharma, Gyani Shankar, and Abhijit Sarkar. "Directivity-Based Passive Barrier for Local Control of Low-Frequency Noise." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Acoustics 26, no. 04 (December 2018): 1850012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2591728518500123.

Full text

Abstract:

This work concerns with improving the transmission loss offered by a noise barrier separating two acoustic spaces in the low-frequency range. A novel concept of local mitigation of the transmitted noise at a target receiver location is presented by controlling the directivity of the transmitted noise through a point mass attachment on the barrier surface. Mass attachment at an arbitrary location is shown to increase the noise transmission. Optimal locations of the mass to minimize the sound transmission in the normal, oblique and tangential directions to the barrier are obtained. Optimal placement of the mass results in a major transmission reduction around the target location, much more than achievable by a uniform distribution of the mass over the barrier. Total transmitted pressure is also reduced; however, local reduction around the target location is much higher. The effects of variation in the excitation frequency and magnitude of the attached mass are investigated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Fazekas, István, and Bettina Porvázsnyik. "Limit theorems for the weights and the degrees in anN-interactions random graph model." Open Mathematics 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/math-2016-0039.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A random graph evolution based on interactions of N vertices is studied. During the evolution both the preferential attachment rule and the uniform choice of vertices are allowed. The weight of an M-clique means the number of its interactions. The asymptotic behaviour of the weight of a fixed M-clique is studied. Asymptotic theorems for the weight and the degree of a fixed vertex are also presented. Moreover, the limits of the maximal weight and the maximal degree are described. The proofs are based on martingale methods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Zhang, Panpan, and Dipak K. Dey. "THE DEGREE PROFILE AND GINI INDEX OF RANDOM CATERPILLAR TREES." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 33, no. 4 (December 27, 2018): 511–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964818000475.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the degree profile and Gini index of random caterpillar trees (RCTs). We consider RCTs which evolve in two different manners: uniform and nonuniform. The degrees of the vertices on the central path (i.e., the degree profile) of a uniform RCT follows a multinomial distribution. For nonuniform RCTs, we focus on those growing in the fashion of preferential attachment. We develop methods based on stochastic recurrences to compute the exact expectations and the dispersion matrix of the degree variables. A generalized Pólya urn model is exploited to determine the exact joint distribution of these degree variables. We apply the methods from combinatorics to prove that the asymptotic distribution is Dirichlet. In addition, we propose a new type of Gini index to quantitatively distinguish the evolutionary characteristics of the two classes of RCTs. We present the results via several numerical experiments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Bubeck, Sébastien, Ronen Eldan, Elchanan Mossel, and Miklós Z. Rácz. "From trees to seeds: On the inference of the seed from large trees in the uniform attachment model." Bernoulli 23, no. 4A (November 2017): 2887–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/16-bej831.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Sheng, Zhizheng, He Li, Ke Du, Lou Gao, Jing Ju, Yahong Zhang, and Yi Tang. "Observing a Zeolite Nucleus (Subcrystal) with a Uniform Framework Structure and Its Oriented Attachment without Single‐Molecule Addition." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 60, no. 24 (June 2021): 13444–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202102621.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Sheng, Zhizheng, He Li, Ke Du, Lou Gao, Jing Ju, Yahong Zhang, and Yi Tang. "Observing a Zeolite Nucleus (Subcrystal) with a Uniform Framework Structure and Its Oriented Attachment without Single‐Molecule Addition." Angewandte Chemie 133, no. 24 (May 10, 2021): 13556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202102621.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Phungamngoen, Chanthima, and Sriwiang Rittisak. "Surface Characteristics of Leafy Vegetables and Their Effects on Salmonella Attachment." E3S Web of Conferences 141 (2020): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014103002.

Full text

Abstract:

Leafy vegetables exhibit non-uniform surfaces and are structured with interconnected networks of veinlets or wrinkle characteristics, making the quantification of the changes rather difficult. In this study, attempt was made to quantify the surface topographical features of leafy vegetable. Image analysis was used to determine the characteristic of vegetable surface. In term of surface area (A), the results were compared with those correlated with the data obtained by a conventional measurement method. It was also performed to determine fractal dimension (FD) and roughness value (R) to describe the behavior of bacteria attached on the vegetable surface. The results showed that different leafy vegetable (basil, lemon basil, peppermint and cabbage) did not have a significant effect on Salmonella attached on surface. Dorsal side (upper side) of leaves exhibited higher R and lower FD than ventral side (lower side). It led to number of Salmonella attached on upper side of leaves showed higher than their lower side. From Pearson’s correlation, FD could relate well with the number of Salmonella attached on surface of vegetable. FD showed the highest correlation (-0.78-(-0.97)) follow by A (0.77-0.86) and R (0.61-0.87), respectively. Therefore, the parameters from image analysis were found to be good indicator to describe the physical characteristics of leafy vegetable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Deng, Yanyan, Min Zhang, Fang Yuan, Zigang Li, and Wenyu Zhou. "Uniform DNA Biosensors Based on Threshold Voltage of Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Transistors." Nano 11, no. 05 (April 25, 2016): 1650060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292016500600.

Full text

Abstract:

Uniformity is a key parameter to assure the accuracy of biosensor devices. In this work, highly uniform carbon nanotube thin-film transistors (CNT-TFTs) with a standard deviation of threshold voltage ([Formula: see text]) as small as 0.04 were achieved by accurately controlling the fabrication process, which is so far the most stable distribution to our knowledge. On-state current ([Formula: see text]), off-state current and on/off current ratio also exhibit high uniformity with low standard deviation of 0.50, 0.72 and 0.54, respectively. Given the high uniformity, high stability and high sensitivity, the CNT-TFTs are used as ultra-sensitive 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine (5-hmC) detecting devices for the first time, which is one of the important modified bases in DNA and plays an important role in epigenetics. After attachment of 5-hmC DNA, a reproducible and stable shift of 18.7–59% in [Formula: see text] as well as a 31–54% change in [Formula: see text] were observed in the transfer characteristics curves of CNT-TFTs. Thus, a detecting device of 5-hmC in DNA segments could be designed based on the highly uniform CNT-TFTs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Fazekas, István, Csaba Noszály, and Attila Perecsényi. "The N-star network evolution model." Journal of Applied Probability 56, no. 2 (June 2019): 416–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpr.2019.21.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA new network evolution model is introduced in this paper. The model is based on cooperations of N units. The units are the nodes of the network and the cooperations are indicated by directed links. At each evolution step N units cooperate, which formally means that they form a directed N-star subgraph. At each step either a new unit joins the network and it cooperates with N − 1 old units, or N old units cooperate. During the evolution both preferential attachment and uniform choice are applied. Asymptotic power law distributions are obtained both for in-degrees and for out-degrees.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Kenny, Stephen, Kai Matejat, Carsten Schauer, and Sven Lamprecht. "Production of Uniform Dimension Copper Pillars for Flip Chip CSP." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2013, DPC (January 1, 2013): 000778–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2013dpc-tp22.

Full text

Abstract:

Copper pillars in FCCSP positioned on the substrate are being used instead of solder only joints to meet reliability targets and the demand for smaller feature size, thinner dies and to achieve a well defined stand off. The transfer of the copper pillars from the die to the substrate is required to ensure a reliable thinning process for the dies. The plated copper pillar geometry is dependent on the size of the solder resist opening and thickness. The uniformity and in particular the height of the pillar is very dependant on the electrolytic copper plating parameters used. The height uniformity of all pillars in an array is critical for reliable die attachment to the substrate. This paper reviews conventional methods to produce electrodeposited copper pillars and introduces a new method for the production of uniform height copper pillars on a FCCSP substrate. Conventional photolithography is eliminated from the new process by use of laser ablation of the features which also prevents any misalignment issues. A sacrificial layer is used to ensure that the copper plated pillars have uniform height. Use of this sacrificial layer also ensures that no seed layer remains on the soldermask surface; conventional methods for pillar production have the disadvantage that seed layer residues may remain on the soldermask giving a pitch limitation. Use of the new process has no pitch limitation due to residual seed layer; initial results with pitch of 200 μm are shown with pillar height 50 μm above solder mask. Development is continuing to reach a pillar pitch of less than 100 μm. The final solder finish on the plated copper pillar may be electroless tin or a further electrolytic nickel deposit may be used to give a barrier layer before solder deposit.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Uniform attachment'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles