Academic literature on the topic 'Ungulate diet composition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ungulate diet composition"
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Courtemanch, Alyson, and Matthew Kauffman. "Recruitment, Diet Composition, and Time-Budgets of Bighorn Sheep (Ovis Canadensis) in the Teton Range." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 31 (January 1, 2008): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2008.3707.
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Many ungulate populations have lost access to their traditional migration routes and seasonal ranges, resulting in rapid and severe population declines. Some ungulate populations have been able to adapt to living year-round on one seasonal range and persist despite loss of migration. However, our understanding of how ungulates adapt their habitat selection and foraging strategies in order to compensate for migration loss is poor This study investigates how a formerly migratory, now sedentary and isolated bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) population persists year-round on high-elevation summer range in the Teton Range in northwest Wyoming. We captured and GPS-collared 20 bighorn ewes throughout the Teton Range in February 2008 and an additional 8 ewes in March 2009. In 2008, ninety percent of captured ewes were pregnant, and 100% were pregnant in 2009. During summer 2008, we located and observed GPS-collared ewes, determined lamb survival, collected fecal samples for diet composition analysis, and observed time-budgets. We found that 50% oflambs survived until at least mid summer. Diet composition analysis is pending and we are waiting to combine time-budget observations with additional data that will be collected during summers 2009 and 2010. We observed differences in movement patterns between GPS-collared ewes during summer 2008, ranging from 5 km to a maximum of 15 km. At this time, six GPS-collared ewes have died (four in avalanches, one from predation, and one unknown). This study is ongoing and will be completed in 2010. Results will directly contribute to management of this non-migratory and isolated bighorn sheep population, and will shed light on how a formerly migratory ungulate population has been able to persist on highÂelevation range year-round.
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Hiruma, Mitsuko, Kahoko Tochigi, Ryosuke Kishimoto, Misako Kuroe, Bruna Elisa Trentin, and Shinsuke Koike. "Long-term stability in the winter diet of the Japanese serow (Artiodactyla, Caprinae)." ZooKeys 1122 (September 20, 2022): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1122.76486.
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The winter diets of northern ungulates are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions and ungulate population densities. We hypothesized that the winter diets of smaller browser ungulates might not readily change in response to fluctuating environmental conditions. We analyzed long-term trends in the winter diet of the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) by analyzing rumen contents of 532 individuals over a span of 16 years among five populations along with changes in the population densities of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Nagano Prefecture, central Japan. The winter diet composition of the serow was stable over the long term despite the increase in deer population density. The little-flexible nature of the serow diet may explain the long-term stability in the winter diets.
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Jarque-Bascuñana, Laia, Jordi Bartolomé, Emmanuel Serrano, Johan Espunyes, Mathieu Garel, Juan Antonio Calleja Alarcón, Jorge Ramón López-Olvera, and Elena Albanell. "Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy Analysis to Predict Diet Composition of a Mountain Ungulate Species." Animals 11, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051449.
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The diet composition of ungulates is important to understand not only their impact on vegetation, but also to understand the consequences of natural and human-driven environmental changes on the foraging behavior of these mammals. In this work, we evaluated the use of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy analysis (NIRS), a quick, economic and non-destructive method, to assess the diet composition of the Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica. Fecal samples (n = 192) were collected from two chamois populations in the French and Spanish Pyrenees. Diet composition was initially assessed by fecal cuticle microhistological analysis (CMA) and categorized into four functional groups, namely: woody, herbaceous, graminoid and Fabaceae plants. Regressions of modified partial least squares and several combinations of scattering correction and derivative treatments were tested. The results showed that models based on the second derivative processing obtained the higher determination coefficient for woody, herbaceous and graminoid plants (R2CAL, coefficient of determination in calibration, ranged from 0.86 to 0.91). The Fabaceae group, however, was predicted with lower accuracy (R2CAL = 0.71). Even though an agreement between NIRS and CMA methods was confirmed by a Bland–Altman analysis, confidence limits of agreement differed by up to 25%. Our results support the viability of fecal NIRS analysis to study spatial and temporal variations of the Pyrenean chamois’ diets in summer and winter when differences in the consumption of woody and annual plants are the greatest. This new use for the NIRS technique would be useful to assess the consequences of global change on the feeding behavior of this mountain ungulate and also in other ungulate counterparts.
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Mysłajek, Robert W., Sabina Nowak, Maciej Romański, and Katarzyna Tołkacz. "Composition of the wolf’s Canis lupus L. diet in the Wigry National Park." Forest Research Papers 79, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2018-0013.
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Abstract The diet of wolves Canis lupus L. was assessed in the Wigry National Park in North-Eastern Poland, which overlaps with the Natura 2000 site “Ostoja Wigierska”. The content of a total of 149 scat samples was collected in 2017 and analysed in order to determine dietary composition. Wolves primarily feed on wild ungulates, which make up 75.4% of food biomass. Despite the fact that wild boar Sus scrofa L. and red deer Cervus elaphus L. dominate in the ungulate community in the study area, the primary prey species was observed to be roe deer Capreolus capreolus L. with 39.6%, while red deer and wild boar only constituted 18.7% and 8.3% of the food biomass, respectively. Additionally, beaver Castor fiber L. was found to be an important prey (10.9%) as well and livestock accounted for 15.1% of all biomass consumed. The livestock eaten by wolves also included carcasses of domestic animals illegally disposed of in the forest. We therefore conclude that decisions on the management of the wolf’s food base within protected areas, such as national parks or Natura 2000 sites, should be preceded by intensive local studies.
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Courtemanch, Alyson, and Matthew Kauffman. "Seasonal Resource Selection, Recruitment, Diet Selection and Time Budgets of Bighorn sheep (Ovis Canadensis) in the Teton Range, Northwest Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 32 (January 1, 2009): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2009.3759.
Full textAbstract:
Many ungulate populations have lost access to their traditional migration routes and seasonal ranges, resulting in rapid and severe population declines. Some ungulate populations have been able to adapt to living year-round on one seasonal range and persist despite loss of migration. However, our understanding of how ungulates adapt their habitat selection and foraging strategies in order to compensate for migration loss is poor. This study investigates how a formerly migratory, now sedentary and isolated, bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) population persists year-round on high-elevation summer range in the Teton Range in northwest Wyoming. We captured and GPS-collared 20 bighorn ewes throughout the Teton Range in February 2008 and an additional 8 ewes in March 2009. In 2008, ninety percent of captured ewes were pregnant, and 100% were pregnant in 2009. During summers 2008 and 2009, we located and observed GPS-collared ewes, determined lamb survival, collected fecal samples for diet composition analysis, conducted vegetation surveys, and observed time-budgets. We found that 50% of lambs survived until at least mid-summer in 2008 and 60% survived in 2009. We observed differences in movement patterns between GPS-collared ewes during the summer seasons, ranging from 5 km to a maximum of 15 km. At this time, eight GPS-collared ewes have died (4 in avalanches, 1 from predation, and 3 unknown). This study is ongoing and will be completed in 2011. Results will directly contribute to management of this non-migratory and isolated bighorn sheep population, and will shed light on how a formerly migratory ungulate population has been able to persist on high-elevation range year-round
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Dar, Jahangir Ahmad, Mustahson F. Fazili, Bilal A. Bhat, Ishfaq Nazir Wani, and Riyaz Ahmad. "Seasonal diet composition of Himalayan goral (Naemorhedus goral) in Kajinag National Park, Jammu and Kashmir, India." Mammalia 85, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2020-0151.
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Abstract In temperate environments, forage availability and quality are known to influence life history traits of wild ungulates. However, variations in foraging strategies of these mountain dwellers with changing plant availability have received little attention. The seasonal vegetation availability in temperate climatic conditions of Kajinag National Park (KNP) was assessed by plot method at different altitudes (1900–3600 m a.s.l.) from 2018 to 2020 on seasonal basis. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of availability of vegetation on seasonal diet composition of Himalayan goral (Naemorhedus goral) inhabiting the National Park. We recorded 61 plant species whose availability differed significantly across seasons (F 3,240 = 20.14, p < 0.05). We found seasonal variation in the diet composition of Himalayan goral depicting a strong relationship between plant consumption and dynamic availability in the study area. Himalayan goral consumed herbs in spring (dominated by Dioscorea deltoidea relative importance value (RIV) = 27.20, Poa pratensis RIV = 14.99 and Themeda spp. RIV = 12.87), grasses in summer (dominated by Themeda spp. RIV = 34.12, P. pratensis RIV = 30.14, Bothriochloa ischaemum RIV = 22.72) and autumn (dominated by Themeda spp. RIV = 34.64, P. pratensis RIV = 30.14, Stipa spp. RIV = 29.73) and shrubs in winter (dominated by Indigofera heterantha RIV = 47.05, Prunus tomentosa RIV = 17.51 and Lonicera spp. RIV = 16.98). The annual diet of Himalayan goral was dominated by graze species (72.66%). The proportion of graze items in the diet showed a sharp decline from spring (90.67%) to winter (19.23%) whereas that of browse showed a huge increment from spring (4.67%) to winter (74.43%). This shift shows a survival or foraging strategy of a temperate ungulate in harsh winters with limited forage availability.
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Sakata, Yuzu, Nami Shirahama, Ayaka Uechi, and Kunihiro Okano. "Variability in deer diet and plant vulnerability to browsing among forests with different establishment years of sika deer." PeerJ 9 (September 17, 2021): e12165. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12165.
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Increased ungulate browsing alters the composition of plant communities and modifies forest ecosystems worldwide. Ungulates alter their diet following changes in availability of plant species; however, we know little about how browse selection and plant community composition change with different stages of deer establishment. Here, we provide insight into this area of study by combining multiple approaches: comparison of the understory plant community, analysis of records of browsing damage, and DNA barcoding of sika deer feces at 22 sites in forests in northern Japan varying in when deer were first established. The coverage of vegetation and number of plant species were only lower at sites where deer were present for more than 20 years, while the difference in plant coverage among deer establishment years varied among plant species. Deer diet differed across establishment years, but was more affected by the site, thereby indicating that food selection by deer could change over several years after deer establishment. Plant life form and plant architecture explained the difference in plant coverage across establishment years, but large variability was observed in deer diet within the two categories. Integrating these results, we categorized 98 plant taxa into six groups that differed in vulnerability to deer browsing (degree of damage and coverage). The different responses to browsing among plant species inferred from this study could be a first step in predicting the short- and long-term responses of forest plant communities to deer browsing.
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Petridou, Maria, Dionisios Youlatos, Yorgos Lazarou, Kiriakos Selinides, Charilaos Pylidis, Alexios Giannakopoulos, Vassiliki Kati, and Yorgos Iliopoulos. "Wolf diet and livestock selection in central Greece." Mammalia 83, no. 6 (November 26, 2019): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2018-0021.
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Abstract Understanding the feeding habits of wolves is essential for designing and implementing fundamental management processes across the range of the species. This is even more important within human-dominated areas, such as southern Europe, and more especially Greece. In this context, we analyzed 123 scat samples, collected between 2010 and 2012, from a mixed agricultural, forested and human-dominated area, centered on the municipality of Domokos in central continental Greece. We used standard laboratory procedures for scat analysis and calculated percentages of frequency of occurrence (FO%), average volume (AV%) and biomass index (BM%) to assess diet composition, and estimated prey selectivity. Domestic prey composed the bulk of wolf diet (FO%=73.5, AV%=84.8, BM%=97.2), wild ungulates were almost absent (FO%=0.5, AV%=0.8, BM%=1.2), whereas grass consumption was high in our area (FO%=19.5, AV%=11.0). The high dependence on livestock corroborates previous studies from Greece and other countries in southern Europe. Goat (FO%=46.0, AV%=61.2, BM%=64.9) was the main prey and was strongly selected, with sheep (FO%=11.5, AV%=9.0, BM%=11.2), pig carrion and cattle ranking behind (FO%=11.5, AV%=10.1, BM%=8.7 and FO%=4.5, AV%=4.5, BM%=12.4, respectively). No differences across seasons were detected, except from pig carrion, which increased during winter. The preference for goats is probably associated with its grazing behavior. High livestock consumption generally results in increased human-wolf conflict. Thus, substantial improvement of husbandry practices and restoration of wild ungulate populations are recommended to facilitate wolf-human coexistence in Greece.
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Krishnakumar, Bawa Mothilal, Rajarathinavelu Nagarajan, and Kanagaraj Muthamizh Selvan. "Prey selection and food habits of the Tiger Panthera tigris (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, southern Western Ghats, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 5 (April 26, 2020): 15535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5607.12.5.15535-15546.
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The Endangered Tiger Panthera tigris is the largest felid, distributed over 1.1 million km2 globally. Conservation of Tigers largely depends on the preservation of its natural prey base and habitats. Therefore, the availability of prey and its selection play a major role in the sustainable future of Tigers in the given landscape. The current study assesses the prey selection patterns by Tigers in tropical evergreen forest of the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve (KMTR), southern Western Ghats, India. Density of ungulates was assessed by distance sampling (line transect, N = 21) and diet composition of Tigers was evaluated by analysing their faecal samples (N = 66). The study estimated very low ungulate density (26.87 ± 7.41 individuals km-2) with highest density of Gaur Bos gaurus (9.04 individuals km-2) followed by Wild Boar Sus scrofa (8.79 ± 2.73 individuals km-2), whereas, primate density was quite high (45.89 ± 12.48 individuals km-2), with Nilgiri Langur Semnopithecus johnii having the highest density (38.05 ± 10.22 individuals km-2). About 74.62% of the biomass of Gaur constituted in the Tiger’s diet, consumed lesser than its availability, whereas Sambar constituted 16.73% of the Tiger diet consumed proportionally to its availability. Chital Axis axis, Muntjac Muntiacus muntjak, and Indian Chevrotain Moschiola indica were not represented in the Tiger’s diet. The current study is the first scientific information on prey selection of the Tiger in KMTR landscape, which will serve as a baseline for its conservation planning and management.
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Desai, Bipin S. Phal, Avelyno H. D'costa, and S. K. Shyama. "A comparative analysis of hair morphology of wild and domestic ungulate prey species of Leopard Panthera pardus fusca (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) from Goa, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 15 (December 26, 2019): 14971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4894.11.15.14971-14978.
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Guard hairs were collected from four live domesticated ungulate species and shed guard hairs of six wild ungulate species from zoo captive animals from five individuals each. Photographic reference was prepared showing analytic features of hair characteristics. Study results were analysed and cuticle and medulla patterns were identified along with pigmentation features from the literature available for wild and domestic ungulates from India and abroad. Clear and easily distinguishable morphological characters of hair medulla and cuticle were used in the present study. Scat analysis of big cats used in this study is easy, speedy and efficient which can be used in routine investigations related to wildlife, crime forensics as well as human animal conflicts by studying carnivore feeding habits. In a majority of the animal species, the distal part of the hair showed maximum variation from the rest of the hair portions. The cuticle scales were imbricate in all tested animals. Scale position in almost all the tested animals was transversal except in goat (proximal part and medial part) and mouse deer (Distal part). Majority of the species showed smooth margins at proximal and medial part. Whereas the distal part scale margin was crenate and rippled in appearance the proximal part and medial part of hair of the majority of sampled animals showed a regular wave -type scale pattern whereas the distal part of hair showed irregular wave-type scale pattern in dominance. The composition of the medulla was multicellular in all the sampled deer species. Only the cow calf’s hair medulla was unicellular and uniseriate in appearance. A comparison of the hair of the domestic pig with that of the wild boar and gaur hair with that of cow calf and buffalo calf hair was made for the first time in the present study. Similarly goat hair morphology can also be differentiated from other cervids in this study. Medulla and cuticle characters in combination with each other can help differentiate wild ungulate species from the domestic ones since these wild ungulate species are frequently involved in hunting crime investigations. Therefore, the photographic reference presented in this study can be used in wildlife forensic science as well as predator diet analysis as an appropriate reference for prey species identification.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ungulate diet composition"
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Cortez, José Paulo Mendes Guerra Marques. "Utilização e impacto dos cervídeos na vegetação lenhosa." Doctoral thesis, ISA/UTL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3869.
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Doutoramento em Engenharia Florestal - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaRoe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and Red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) coexist in Northeastern Portugal. This work aims to increase the knowledge on the effects of these two species on Mediterranean lignified plants, in particular on shrub like vegetation. To understand these effects we studied the diet of both deer species during two consecutive years. Red deer eat more grasses during Spring, contrasting with Summer, when 80% of the diet was shrubs and broadleaved trees. Roe deer consumed more shrubs and trees, throughout the year and had a more diversified diet than Red deer. Other important effect of deer is by tree rubbing, which occurs mainly during the rut season. Red deer marked trees preferably along edges of forest plantations whereas Roe Deer showed a preference for inner and smaller trees inside forest plantations. We used simulated browsing to understand how Holm oak responds to deer attacks, as well as two mediterranean shrub species Gum cistus (Cistus ladanifer) and Pterospartum tridentatum. P. tridentatum responsed with an increase of biomass and in the root system diameter. Holm oak responded with an increase at crown level and Gum cistus reduced biomass when browsed treatment was applied. Seed regeneration was also studied on Holm oak, using deer exclosures. Seedling survival was higher inside exclosures after 3 years.
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Giusi, Alessandra. "Influence du niveau alimentaire et de la composition du régime sur la production intestinale et l'absorption des acides gras volatils chez le porc éveillé." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066486.
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"Evaluation of the Efficacy of DNA Sequencing and Microhistological Analysis for Determining Diet Composition in Ungulates." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.16050.
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abstract: An understanding of diet habits is crucial in implementing proper management strategies for wildlife. Diet analysis, however, remains a challenge for ruminant species. Microhistological analysis, the method most often employed in herbivore diet studies, is tedious and time consuming. In addition, it requires considerable training and an extensive reference plant collection. The development of DNA barcoding (species identification using a standardized DNA sequence) and the availability of recent DNA sequencing techniques offer new possibilities in diet analysis for ungulates. Using fecal material collected from controlled feeding trials on pygmy goats, (Capra hicus), novel DNA barcoding technology using the P6-loop of the chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron was compared with the traditional microhistological technique. At its current stage of technological development, this study demonstrated that DNA barcoding did not enhance the ability to detect plant species in herbivore diets. A higher mean species composition was reported with microhistological analysis (79%) as compared to DNA barcoding (50%). Microhistological analysis consistently reported a higher species presence by forage class. For affect positive species identification, microhistology estimated an average of 89% correct detection in control diets, while DNA barcoding estimated 50% correct detection of species. It was hypothesized that a number of factors, including variation in chloroplast content in feed species and the effect of rumen bacteria on degradation of DNA, influenced the ability to detect plant species in herbivore diets and concluded that while DNA barcoding opens up new possibilities in the study of plant-herbivore interactions, further studies are needed to standardize techniques and for DNA bar-coding in this context.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Applied Biological Sciences 2012