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Schultz, Kate E. "Unfolding." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1213242757.
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Benton, P. A. "Unfolding polyhedra." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596583.
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It is a common conjecture that all convex polyhedra must be edge-unfoldable but to date a valid proof of this has escaped discovery. This dissertation presents several new directions in the quest for the proof. Also discussed is a method which may lead to a counterexample to the conjecture through the construction of ‘hard to unfold’ polyhedra. Algorithmic solutions are discussed for the task of determining the specific set of edges which must be cut in order that an unfolding not self-intersect. A series of Unfolder algorithms are explored and compared, in terms of both algorithmic design and empirical performance on test data. No surface of uniformly negative internal curvature with fewer than two border curves is unfoldable. The coolinoids are a class of non-convex polyhedra having exactly two border curves and negative curvature at every internal vertex, which may be constructed so as to be unfoldable without overlap. The fascinating interaction between construction and overlap in coolinoids is modelled and explored.
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Sörensen, Marcus. "Stories Unfolding." Thesis, Konstfack, Inredningsarkitektur & Möbeldesign, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-5607.
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Att tolka, omtolka och göra nya gestaltningar i rum är viktiga arbetsuppgifter för en inredningsarkitekt. Hur kan jag arbeta med en metod för att undersöka olika rumsliga relationer? Storytelling inom arkitektur och design uppfattas många gånger som något kommersiellt laddat, men bär inte alla rum på en berättelse? I mitt examensarbete utforskar jag storytelling och berättelsers struktur som en metod för att arbeta med rumsligheter. Varje plats eller rumslighet berättar åtminstone en, om inte flera, berättelser. Genom att analysera en befintlig plats ’berättelse’ kan jag genom förhålla mig till den och göra tillägg eller ändringar. En omskrivning av berättelsen, eller ett förtydligande, en artikulering. Kan jag hitta berättelser som inte givits form och skriva in de i de lager av berättelser som redan finns? Kan en bra story skapa bra inredningsarkitektur?To interpret, reinterpret and make new design proposals in spaces are important tasks for an interior architect. How can I work with a method to examine different spatial relationships? Storytelling in architecture and design is often perceived as commercial, but don’t all spaces carry a story? In my degree project, I explore storytelling and narrative structures as a method for working with space. Each location or space tells at least one, if not several stories. By analysing the existing ‘story’ of a space, I can relate to it and make additions or changes. A rewrite of the story, or a clarification, an articulation. Can I find stories that have not been given form and add them to the layers of stories that already exist? Can a good story create good interior architecture?
The full thesis contains copyrighted material which has been removed in the published version.
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Demaine, Erik. "Folding and Unfolding." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1068.
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The results of this thesis concern folding of one-dimensional objects in two dimensions: planar linkages. More precisely, a planar linkage consists of a collection of rigid bars (line segments) connected at their endpoints. Foldings of such a linkage must preserve the connections at endpoints, preserve the bar lengths, and (in our context) prevent bars from crossing. The main result of this thesis is that a planar linkage forming a collection of polygonal arcs and cycles can be folded so that all outermost arcs (not enclosed by other cycles) become straight and all outermost cycles become convex. A complementary result of this thesis is that once a cycle becomes convex, it can be folded into any other convex cycle with the same counterclockwise sequence of bar lengths. Together, these results show that the configuration space of all possible foldings of a planar arc or cycle linkage is connected. These results fall into the broader context of folding and unfolding k-dimensional objects in n-dimensional space, k less than or equal to n. Another contribution of this thesis is a survey of research in this field. The survey revolves around three principal aspects that have received extensive study: linkages in arbitrary dimensions (folding one-dimensional objects in two or more dimensions, including protein folding), paper folding (normally, folding two-dimensional objects in three dimensions), and folding and unfolding polyhedra (two-dimensional objects embedded in three-dimensional space).
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Lucier, Brendan. "Unfolding and Reconstructing Polyhedra." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1037.
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This thesis covers work on two topics: unfolding polyhedra into the plane and reconstructing polyhedra from partial information. For each topic, we describe previous work in the area and present an array of new research and results.
Our work on unfolding is motivated by the problem of characterizing precisely when overlaps will occur when a polyhedron is cut along edges and unfolded. By contrast to previous work, we begin by classifying overlaps according to a notion of locality. This classification enables us to focus upon particular types of overlaps, and use the results to construct examples of polyhedra with interesting unfolding properties.
The research on unfolding is split into convex and non-convex cases. In the non-convex case, we construct a polyhedron for which every edge unfolding has an overlap, with fewer faces than all previously known examples. We also construct a non-convex polyhedron for which every edge unfolding has a particularly trivial type of overlap. In the convex case, we construct a series of example polyhedra for which every unfolding of various types has an overlap. These examples disprove some existing conjectures regarding algorithms to unfold convex polyhedra without overlaps.
The work on reconstruction is centered around analyzing the computational complexity of a number of reconstruction questions. We consider two classes of reconstruction problems. The first problem is as follows: given a collection of edges in space, determine whether they can be rearranged by translation only to form a polygon or polyhedron. We consider variants of this problem by introducing restrictions like convexity, orthogonality, and non-degeneracy. All of these problems are NP-complete, though some are proved to be only weakly NP-complete. We then consider a second, more classical problem: given a collection of edges in space, determine whether they can be rearranged by translation and/or rotation to form a polygon or polyhedron. This problem is NP-complete for orthogonal polygons, but polynomial algorithms exist for non-orthogonal polygons. For polyhedra, it is shown that if degeneracies are allowed then the problem is NP-hard, but the complexity is still unknown for non-degenerate polyhedra.
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Gendelman, Juan Martin. "Unfolding for mixed ensemble /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7393.
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Thesis (D.M.A.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Music. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Moraitakis, George. "Protein unfolding and disease." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272112.
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Gonzalez, Garcia Oscar Alberto. "Unfolding the Milky Way bulge." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-145824.
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Rude, Warno P. "Urban landscape unfolding the landscape /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03132007-171421.
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Kantas, Vasileios. "Unfolding the act of photography." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2013. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/6432/.
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This thesis discusses the multifaceted status of the photograph, as a contribution to understanding the mechanics of the production of meaning within the photograph. In order to get a better view of how photographs function, I both revisit discourses that have dealt with medium specificity issues and use my own practice, designing an apprehension model which can assist in the achievement of a more rigorous conception of the photograph. An integrative literature review, based on Photography discourses and debates shaped by both theorists and practitioners, provides the tools needed for defining the medium’s unique and shared properties. Ontological synecdoches of the photograph, issues of representation, time, automatism, agency, the twofold nature –trace and picture- as well as depiction theories of the medium are put into scrutiny towards formulating an apprehension scheme. This body or knowledge, along with my visual practice’s research outcomes, informs the construction of an appropriate model for understanding the medium’s effect. In specific, this study designs and applies a synthesized model of thought which considers photographs as a fixed unity of interdependent links in the chain called ‘act of photography’. This model is based on the parameters that contribute towards a photograph’s apprehension –Operator, Apparatus, Scenery, Photograph, Viewer (OASPV). A thorough illustration of the application of this model onto a specific photograph is provided, showing how a verbal articulation of apprehending a photograph can take place in order for bad or poor readings to be avoided. An explanation of the working strategy I applied throughout my creative practice along with a discussion upon the images chosen for the portfolio accompanying this thesis, is offered. In specific, it is shown how the apprehension scheme is reflected in my practice, along with a contextualisation of my photographs -placing emphasis in notions such as the ordinary, ineffable, serendipity, trace and picture as well as similarities to the work of other practitioners. This thesis discusses the elements that formulate the encrypted information inscribed on the surface of photographs, namely it unfolds their layers throughout creating, perceiving and conceiving them.
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Brown, Anne L. "The unfolding of geologic space /." Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11329.
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Xing, Zishuo. "Unfolding the Spectrum of Emotions." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1243.
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Entering the era of information, video has become a popular form of media to convey human’s emotions that appeal to the audiences. As cinema intertwines with different aspects of our daily life, it also provides a space for people to emphasize their ideologies and emotional feelings. Through different genres of films, the audiences are able to experience the stories that take place at a distant location on the world, and feel the extraordinary emotions that are unusual in the daily life. Despite the diversity of cultures within the worldwide cinema, the audiences are usually able to connect to the film’s sentiment even if the story adopts a different language and social setting. Such empathy will be enhanced in my capstone project as the participants directly expose their emotions of being touched, which will be edited with the audio materials triggering such sentiment, to connect to the audiences’ inner softness. As my capstone project, this 3-5 minute long experimental documentary will point out how human’s emotions can be interlinked even among strangers by calling forth the viewers’ empathy to the display of the interviewees’ emotions.
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Abdennur, Nezar(Nezar Alexander). "Unfolding genome organization in interphase." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122537.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computational and Systems Biology Program, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 147-166).
Genomic contact frequency maps obtained from high throughput chromosome conformation capture technologies have revealed several organizing patterns of mammalian interphase chromosomes, including self-interacting topologically associating domains (TADs) which are believed to function as coherent gene regulatory neighborhoods. However, the mechanisms driving these patterns are still unknown. In this thesis, I describe and apply computational methods that test the predictions of a recently proposed loop extrusion model in the context of experimental perturbations of its key molecular players. In the first project I introduce a new data model, file format, and supporting software package to cope with the challenges of the increasing size and resolution of Hi-C datasets, including a parallel and scalable matrix balancing implementation.
In the second project, I show that depletion of the Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) complex, cohesin, in non-cycling mouse liver cells completely eliminates the appearance of TADs in Hi-C maps while preserving genome compartmentalization. In the third project, I demonstrate that depletion of a closely related SMC complex, condensin II, which plays a major role in mitotic chromosome condensation but is also found in the nucleus in interphase, has no impact on gene expression or the maintenance of genome organization in non-dividing cells. In the final project, I compile further evidence for loop extrusion in interphase by employing a combination of polymer simulations and meta-analysis of several Hi-C studies that performed targeted perturbations to modulate the presence of cohesin and the insulator protein, CTCF, on chromatin.
Together, these projects show that rather than being folded in a hierarchical fashion, mammalian genomes in interphase are organized by at least two distinct and antagonistic processes: global compartmental segregation dependent on epigenetic state, and local compaction dependent on cohesin. The latter process is likely to be the dynamic extrusion of chromatin loops driven by a yet-to-be-characterized motor activity of cohesin complexes and limited by DNA-bound CTCF extrusion barriers.
by Nezar Abdennur.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computational and Systems Biology Program
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Li, Yongnan. "Mechanical denaturation : forced unfolding of proteins." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44154.
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Mechanical denaturation has emerged as a novel method to study chemical and
physical properties of protein molecules. In this thesis, single-molecule force
spectroscopy has been carried out using the atomic force microscope to investigate
the mechanical design of proteins through denaturation via an applied mechanical
force. In the first study, a small globular protein has been shown to exhibit
pronounced anisotropic response to directional mechanical stress. One protein
can be both mechanically strong and weak. It will be strong when direction of
the force vector is aligned with particular structural elements of the protein, and
it will be weak otherwise. Mechanical denaturation in the strong direction is accompanied
by cooperative disruption of intramolecular interactions in the protein.
Conversely, mechanical denaturation in the weak direction is accompanied by sequential
disruption of those same interactions. In the second study, the mechanical
properties of a cofactor dependent protein is characterized. It is shown that both
the protein and cofactor are mechanically strong in the presence of the cofactor.
Removal of the cofactor tremendously diminishes the mechanical strength of the
protein. The mutually supportive roles of structure and function are demonstrated
through mechanical denaturation experiments.
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Causton, Edward William Thomas. "Protein mechanical unfolding in multiple dimensions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535690.
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Jakus-Pol, Joanna Ewa. "Pressure perturbation calorimetry of protein unfolding." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412944.
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Sadler, David Paul. "Mechanically unfolding variants of protein L." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444035.
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James, Melva Tonisha. "Energetics of substrate unfolding by ClpA." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41772.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2007.Vita.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-56).
Caseinolytic protease A (ClpA), a member of the Hsp 100 family of heat shock proteins, is the regulatory subunit of the E. coli protease ClpAP. As such, it recognizes proteins targeted for degradation by the cell and uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to unfold substrates and translocate them to ClpP for proteolysis. ClpA's in vivo contribution to cellular maintenance is small, but it serves as an ideal model for energy-dependent molecular machines. The goal of this work is to describe the energetics of ClpA's interactions with both soluble and membrane-bound protein substrates. Green fluorescent protein modified with an 11-amino acid tag that facilitates ClpA recognition (GFP-ssrA) is used as a model soluble substrate, and ssrA-modified acetylcholine receptor (AChR-ssrA) is used as a model membrane-bound substrate.The structural and spectroscopic properties of GFP have been previously described. Here, in order to determine the minimum amount of energy needed to unfold this protein, we present two estimates of the free energy of unfolding (AGunfolding) for GFP-ssrA derived from thermal and chemical denaturation data. We find that GFP-ssrA is highly kinetically stable (tequil > 600 hrs.) and that AGunfolding = 0-2 kcal/mol. In addition, we show that ClpA retains its enzymatic activity under conditions which support single-molecule patch-clamp electrophysiology. These observations made it possible to carry out pilot studies for a novel electrophysiological unfoldase assay. ClpA may be able to actively extract protein substrates from the lipid bilayer. We are currently testing this hypothesis, and we are exploring ways to observe the process of substrate removal in real-time. The proposed electrophysiological unfoldase assay, once optimized, could be used to elucidate the mechanistic details of ClpA's interaction with membrane-bound substrates.
(cont.) We are specifically interested in determining the timescale of substrate removal and determining whether or not the substrate removal process occurs in one high-energy step or several low-energy steps.
by Melva Tonisha James.
S.M.
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Mukherjee, Anirban. "Perceiving aspects : unfolding the Wittgensteinian notion." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553663.
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Philosophy of Psychology was an area of major concern and interest for Wittgenstein in the final years of his life. The phenomenon of aspect-perception found repeated mention in his writings and lectures during this period. In my thesis I explore Wittgenstein's notion of aspect perception and argue for an interpretationist reading of it. I investigate into the nature of that interpretation considering the feasibility of it being something like Helmholtz' s Unconscious inferences. I also examine McDowell's conceptualist account of perception tracking the intuition that interpretation takes place through conceptualisation. Then I trace back the debate to Kant in order to ground and connect the pictures coming out of Wittgenstein, Helmholtz and McDowell regarding perception. By demonstrating the connections between them I intend to extract an understanding of the interpretationist view of perception.
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Alsafwan, Khadijah Ahmad. "Unfolding the Rationale for Code Commits." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95887.
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One of the main reasons why developers investigate code history is to search for the rationale for code commits. Existing work found that developers report that rationale is one of the most important aspects to understand code changes and that it can be quite difficult to find. While this finding strongly points out the fact that understanding the rationale for code commits is a serious problem for software engineers, no current research efforts have pursued understanding in detail what specifically developers are searching for when they search for rationale. In other words, while the rationale for code commits is informally defined as, "Why was this code implemented this way?" this question could refer to aspects of the code as disparate as, "Why was it necessary to implement this code?"; "Why is this the way in which it was implemented?"; or "Why was the code implemented at that moment?" Our goal with this study is to improve our understanding of what software developers mean when they talk about the rationale for code commits, i.e., how they "unfold" rationale. We additionally study which components of rationale developers find important, which ones they normally need to find, which ones they consider specifically difficult to find, and which ones they normally record in their own code commits. This new, detailed understanding of the components of the rationale for code commits may serve as inspiration for novel techniques to support developers in seeking and accurately recording rationale.MS
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Varas, Jaime Armando. "Spectral unfolding of radiotherapy photon beams." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28131.
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An iterative folding method was used to unfold a 6 MV and 18 MV photon en—
ergy spectra from depth dose measurements. By developing a response matrix that
included photon beam attenuation in water, electron disequilibrium and contamination,
and phantom scatter factors; we unfolded the spectra from a Siemens Primus 6
MV and 18 MV radiotherapy photon beams.
The unfolding algorithm was initially applied to open fields, where we looked at
five different field sizes for each energy. Their resulting spectra were then analyzed,
our results showing a broadening of the beam spectra with increasing field size, and
an overall increase in the spectral mean energy as a function of field size for both
energies. This was attributed, in part, to the increased collimator scatter, SC, arising
from the changing field size and the dependence of the amount of flattening filter area
exposed on the field size setting.
Next we applied the unfolding algorithm to hard and soft wedges for three field
sizes, and five different wedge angles. The response matrix had to be modified, adding
an extra factor to account for wedge scatter. The results for the hard wedges showed
that though effects such as flattening filter and collimator scatter are still present in
the wedged spectra, they are dominated by the attenuation properties of the hard
wedges, with the wedge angle and field size determining the spectral distribution.
For the soft wedges, which are formed via a combination of dose rate adjustment
and jaw movement rather than the attenuation of the beam, the results were similar
to those of the hard wedges. The field size dominated the spectral distribution, with
wedge angle exerting no major effect.
For both wedge modes, the spectral change along the wedge gradient axis was
examined. It was found that there was a considerable shift in the spectrum from the
thin end of the wedge to the thick end. For the hard wedge this was expected, but a
similar result was noted for the soft wedge. The effective change in field size in the
formation of the soft wedge was noted as the cause of this effect.
The unfolding algorithm was also applied to carbon fiber inserts. These devices
are routinely used in radiotherapy, and are known to increase surface dose to patients.
By analyzing the spectrum of a 6 MV beam attenuated by a carbon fiber insert, we
were able to surmise that the increased dose was due in part to a build-up effect, and
partially due to a biased attenuation of the linac head—scatter by the carbon fiber
insert.
Noting that thermoluminescent dosimeters, TLDs, are routinely used for in vivo
measurements with soft wedges, we analyzed the effect of the changing spectrum of
a soft wedge along the gradient axis on TLDs. By using the unfolded spectrum with
EGSnrc Monte Carlo, we were able to show that the TLDs did over respond when
measuring dose of a soft wedge. This was due to the changing spectrum of the soft
wedge, and was contradictory to common belief concerning soft wedges.
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Siddabathuni, Deepti Prasad. "Unfolding Smart City Development in India." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27393.
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Amid the speedy uptake of ‘smart cities’ worldwide, there is a lack of research focused on the South, which is concerning, considering the rate of urbanisation and the proliferation of smart cities in the Global South. In order to address this gap, this research focuses on the development of smart cities in India (home to one-fourth of the Global South population), with an ambitious plan to develop 100 smart cities through the Smart Cities Mission (SCM) introduced by the Government of India. By examining how policies influence the development of smart cities, and by focusing on the critical perspectives utilised in the implementation of smart cities in different contexts, the thesis demonstrates how smart city development is unfolding in India; not only conceptually, but also empirically, in terms of how, where and for whom are smart cities implemented from governance, planning, and urban design perspectives.
The key findings demonstrate how the unfolding of smart city development in India contributes to the international theorisation of the smart city, especially in the Global South. This outlook of smart cities recognises the need to understand the mainstream and overlooked challenge of ‘informality’ in the cities of the Global South. The approach taken here confirms the implications of the current smart city initiatives on urban informality to display the socio-spatialities of the smart city development; thus, adding theoretical and empirical nuances to existing work primarily based on the one-size-fits-all smart city concept or digital technology in smart city implementation. Mixed methods, consisting of critical policy analysis of smart city documents and fieldwork case study investigation, including semi-structured interviews with diverse smart city stakeholders and site visits, draw out crucial distinctions between the imaginary and the ‘actually’ existing smart city and highlight the theoretical and empirical ‘uniqueness’ of smart cities in the Global South.
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Salimi, Neema L. "Understanding the unfolding mechanism and origins of extreme cooperativity in alpha-lytic protease through molecular dynamics unfolding simulations." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3359581.
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Hansen-Ketchum, Patricia Anne. "Wholeness unfolding amidst cancer, a phenomenological study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0027/MQ38378.pdf.
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Catsikis, Phyllis Joyce. ""Unfolding" the letter in Jane Austen's novels." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/MQ43843.pdf.
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Tucker, Ian. "Deterritorialising mental health : unfolding service user experience." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5445.
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Mental health has a long history of proving to be a tough concept to define. Multiple forms of knowledge and representation seek to inform as to the nature of mental health, all contributing to the production of immense complexity as to the experience of living with mental health difficulties. This thesis sets out to explore this, by getting as close as possible to mental health service users' actual experiences. A range of forms of knowledge that pertain to inform as to service users' experiences are explored, prior to analysing a corpus of interviews with service users. These are analysed through the development of a Deleuzian Discourse Analysis. Service users' experiences are analysed in terms of the relation between discursive and non-discursive factors, which include forms of mainstream psychiatric discursive practice, such as the application of diagnostic criteria and administration of treatments, along with how such practices are experienced in non-discursive dimensions of service user embodiment and space. The challenges facing service users are seen to operate around identity and control in relation to forms of psychiatric knowledge, along with presenting particular problems with regard to how user embodiment is felt, primarily in relation to psychiatric medication, and how these are driven into the production of service user spaces, i.e. day centres. Finally, a politics of affectivity is offered, as a way to unfold the complexity of service user experience, and to emphasise the existence and potential for change that can be gained through deterritorialising mental health.
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ROMERO, ANA PAULA RANGEL DA COSTA. "UNFOLDING AND ACTUAL TRENDS OF INDUSTRIAL RESTRUCTURING." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=6105@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOA globalização dos mercados, em meados da década de 90, levou muitas empresas a uma ampla e profunda reestruturação organizacional e produtiva, que deu origem à adoção de estratégias de focalização e descentralização produtiva, que pôde, em muitos casos, ser traduzida em vantagens competitivas para essas empresas. Na tentativa de se tornarem novamente adequadas, frente às novas tendências emergentes, as empresas passaram por um fenômeno chamado de Reestruturação Industrial, e que se caracteriza como o tema central deste estudo. Na contextualização, observa-se de forma distinta a existência de dois grandes marcos no estudo da trajetória das organizações, a verticalização, da era Fordista, e posteriormente a desverticalização com o conseqüente surgimento das novas tendências, tais como o outsourcing, as redes de cooperação, as joint-ventures, as privatizações, e outras mais que se encontram separadas em três grandes eixos de estudo e abordados mais detalhadamente ao longo do trabalho. Pelo fato do tema ser bastante atual e possuir uma diversidade de interpretações e ainda por estar sendo utilizado pelas empresas de forma caótica e até mesmo equivocada, é que o objetivo mais geral desse trabalho se concentra em mapear esse fenômeno chamado Reestruturação Industrial, no tocante às suas dimensões e amplitudes. Contudo, o foco central do trabalho destina-se a verificação da relação entre o conceito de Reestruturação Industrial da literatura e o encontrado nas empresas, por meio de um estudo empírico que visa responder alguns questionamentos nos quais o trabalho está orientado. O estudo empírico realizado sob a forma de entrevistas, foi um instrumento fundamental na busca pelo entendimento dos conceitos da literatura e na compreensão da história de cada empresa visitada, no que se refere ao surgimento e à adoção das novas tendências abordadas neste estudo e identificadas na prática.
The market globalization that took place throughout the nineties led many companies to carry out an extensive review of their productive and organizational structure which cause the adoption of strategies such as focalization and productive decentralization that, in many cases, could be associated with competitive advantages for such companies. Trying to become adjusted to a new market and deal with the new emergent trends, the corporations crossed over a phenomenon called Industrial Restructuring which is the central theme of this dissertation. Concerning the study of the organizations trajectory, it can be observed two major marks; the verticalization during the Fordism Era, and afterwards the appearing of new trends such as outsourcing, cooperation networks, joint-ventures, privatizations and others. In this work, the new trends were grouped in three main axis of analysis and are discussed in detail. Due to the fact that the subject is pretty new, has a lot of interpretations and is still being used by the companies in a chaotic and, some times, incorrect way, the most general objective for this work is concentrated in mapping the Industrial Restructuring phenomenon taking into account its dimensions and amplitudes. However, the central focus of this study is related to check the relations between the concepts as found in the literature and the Industrial Restructuring phenomenon as utilized by the organizations. To support this objective an empiric analysis was carried out in four large companies. The empiric analysis which was based on a series of interviews was a fundamental tool to the understanding of the literature concepts as well as for the knowledge of each company considering the arising and adoption of new trends discussed in this study and identified in practice.
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Chen, Yanping M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Edge-unfolding almost-flat convex polyhedral terrains." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84729.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 97-98).
In this thesis we consider the centuries-old question of edge-unfolding convex polyhedra, focusing specifically on edge-unfoldability of convex polyhedral terrain which are "almost at" in that they have very small height. We demonstrate how to determine whether cut-trees of such almost-at terrains unfold and prove that, in this context, any partial cut-tree which unfolds without overlap and "opens" at a root edge can be locally extended by a neighboring edge of this root edge. We show that, for certain (but not all) planar graphs G, there are cut-trees which unfold for all almost-at terrains whose planar projection is G. We also demonstrate a non-cut-tree-based method of unfolding which relies on "slice" operations to build an unfolding of a complicated terrain from a known unfolding of a simpler terrain. Finally, we describe several heuristics for generating cut-forests and provide some computational results of such heuristics on unfolding almost-at convex polyhedral terrains.
by Yanping Chen.
M.Eng.
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Salhi, Adel. "Visual and numerical methods for unfolding bifurcations." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517841.
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Guo, Yabin. "Mechanical unfolding and folding studies by optical tweezers." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61185.
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As a single molecule technique, optical tweezers technique proves to be a powerful tool to investigate the physical and chemical properties of DNA/RNA and protein molecules. In this thesis, optical tweezers are applied to two studies. In the first study, we directly investigated the unfolding and folding pathways and kinetics of the wild-type Top7 with optical tweezers. The existence of a folding intermediate state is confirmed. The unfolding process also occasionally shows non-cooperative behavior which has not been observed before. To identify if the mechanical stability of an isolated fragment of Top7 is responsible for the non-cooperative unfolding and folding behavior of Top7, we purified the C-fragment of Top7 and found that it reaches equilibrium at low applied forces, which indicates that Top7’s C-fragment could unfold and fold independently, but the unfolding and folding behavior of Top7 depends on the mutual assistance of both N-terminal and C-terminal residues. Illuminated by computational simulation methods, six residues were mutated aiming at improving the folding cooperativity of Top7. The results show that the folding cooperativity is improved significantly, while the unfolding intermediate appears more frequently. The possible influence of pathways on the frequency of occurrence of unfolding/folding intermediate state is discussed. In the second study, the two-step unfolding behavior of rubredoxin is revealed by optical tweezers. The reversible unfolding/folding behavior under force pressure and chemical pressure are further studied. Optical tweezers technique is proved to be well suited for mechanical unfolding/folding studies of metalloproteins.Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
Graduate
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Karlsson, Filip. "Unfolding probes : A novel method for biomolecular detection." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-198831.
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Unfolding probes is a novel detection method for biomolecules, involving an oligonucleotide probe that can be amplified and which thereby gives rise to a strong signal for individual probe - target interactions. The present project focuses on a variant of unfolding probes called 2-fold probes and on optimizing the detection efficiency of synthetic targets. Furthermore, proof of concept experiments were performed for the detection of Her2 mRNA in cells.
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MacDonald, James Tomomi. "The unfolding and stability of eye lens crystallins." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427680.
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Zinober-Moore, Rebecca C. "Elasticity and mechanical unfolding of globular protein domains." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426849.
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SANTOS, THAUAN DOS. "SOUTH AMERICAN ENERGY INTEGRATION: UNFOLDING THE INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24008@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O principal objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar os desdobramentos do desenvolvimento institucional sobre a integração energética da América do Sul. Sendo assim, e após o debate acerca das teorias neofuncionalistas, das teorias intergovernamentalistas e das teorias da governança multi-nível, bem como suas contribuições para o desenvolvimento institucional da integração energética, propõe-se uma ampliação do conceito de cooperação e segurança energéticas, avançando na lógica da infraestrutura física demandada para a criação de determinados empreendimentos, uma vez que a literatura atual foca demasiadamente na questão do petróleo e de seus derivados. Apresenta-se, ainda, dados acerca da atual infraestrutura física do subcontinente sul-americano. Ademais, discute-se os benefícios e os entraves à promoção da integração energética regional, que tem, em maior ou menor grau, relação com o arcabouço institucional relativo ao tema na América do Sul.
The main objective of this work is to evaluate the consequences of institutional development on energy integration in South America. So, after discussions of neofunctionalist theories, intergovernmentalists theories and theories of multi-level governance and their contributions to the development institutional energy integration, we propose an extension of the concept of cooperation and energy security, advancing the logic of demanded physical infrastructure for the creation of certain projects since the current literature focuses excessively on the issue of oil and its derivatives. We also present data about the current physical infrastructure of the South American subcontinent. Furthermore, we discuss the benefits and barriers to the promotion of regional energy integration, which has a greater or lesser degree relation with the institutional framework relating to the theme in South America.
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Ahn, Minkoo. "Understanding the unfolding and aggregation of human lysozyme." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708451.
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Abel, Zachary Ryan. "On folding and unfolding with linkages and origami." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107547.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mathematics, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 121-127).
We revisit foundational questions in the kinetic theory of linkages and origami, investigating their folding/unfolding behaviors and the computational complexity thereof. In Chapter 2, we exactly settle the complexity of realizability, rigidity, and global rigidy for graphs and linkages in the plane, even when the graphs are (1) promised to avoid crossings in all configurations, or (2) equilateral and required to be drawn without crossings ("matchstick graphs"): these problems are complete for the class IR defined by the Existential Theory of the Reals, or its complement. To accomplish this, we prove a strong form of Kempe's Universality Theorem for linkages that avoid crossings. Chapter 3 turns to "self-touching" linkage configurations, whose bars are allowed to rest against each other without passing through. We propose an elegant model for representing such configurations using infinitesimal perturbations, working over a field R(e) that includes formal infinitesimals. Using this model and the powerful Tarski-Seidenberg "transfer" principle for real closed fields, we prove a self-touching version of the celebrated Expansive Carpenter's Rule Theorem. We switch to folding polyhedra in Chapter 4: we show a simple technique to continuously flatten the surface of any convex polyhedron without distorting intrinsic surface distances or letting the surface pierce itself. This origami motion is quite general, and applies to convex polytopes of any dimension. To prove that no piercing occurs, we apply the same infinitesimal techniques from Chapter 3 to formulate a new formal model of self-touching origami that is simpler to work with than existing models. Finally, Chapter 5 proves polyhedra are hard to edge unfold: it is NP-hard to decide whether a polyhedron may be cut along edges and unfolded into a non-overlapping net. This edge unfolding problem is not known to be solvable in NP due to precision issues, but we show this is not the only obstacle: it is NP complete for orthogonal polyhedra with integer coordinates (all of whose unfolding also have integer coordinates)
by Zachary Abel.
Ph. D.
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Ribeiro, Leila. "Parallel composition and unfolding semantics of graph grammars." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17618.
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Das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Ansatz fur die parallele Komposition von Graph- Grammatiken und eine Unfolding-Semantik genannte Semantik fiir Graph-Grammatiken bereitzustcllen, in der die Aspekte Nebenlaufigkeit und Kompositionalitat bzgl. der parallelen Komposition eine zentrale Rolle einnehmen. Die parallele Komposition von Graph-Grammatiken erlaubt die Komposition von Grammatiken bzgl. eines gemeinsamen (moglicherweise leeren) Anteils und basiert auf der parallelen und amalgamierten Komposition von Regeln der komponierten Grammtiken. Dariiber hinaus ist das Kompositionsergebnis syntaktisch und semantisch in geeigneter Weise mit den komponierten Grammatiken verkniipft. Die Unfolding-Semantik einer Graph-Grammatik ist eine echt nebenldufige, verzweigende Semantik, in der sowohl Zustande (Graphen) als auch Zustandsanderungen (Ableitungen) reprasentiert sind. Das Unfolding kann inkrementell konstruiert werden und es wird gezeigt, daß dies das gleiche Result liefert wie die Verklebung der deterministischen Berechnungen einer Grammatik Dartiberhinaus ist das Unfolding einer Graph-Grammatik selbst eine Graph- Grammatik, die einer speziellen Klasse von Graph-Grammatiken angehOrt: den Occurrence- Grammatiken. Hier wird diese Klasse axiomatisch definiert und die Elemente dieser Klasse kOnnen als Grammatiken gesehen werden, die (deterministische und nicht-deterministische) Berechnungen einer anderen Grammatik reprdsentieren. Die Semantik einer Grammatik, die aus der parallelen Komposition anderer Grammatiken entstanden ist, ist isomorph zur Komposition der Semantiken der komponierten Grammatiken. Dieses Kompatibilitatsresultat verbindet die parallele Komposition und die Unfolding Semantik in enger Weise. Da der Zweck der parallelen Komposition die Komposition nebenldufiger Systeme ist, stellt die Kompatibiliat von Komposition und Nebenlaufigkeitssemantik ein attraktives Ergebnis dar.The main aims of this thesis are to provide an approach to the parallel composition of graph grammars and a semantics for graph grammars, called the unfolding semantics, in which the aspects of concurrency and compositionality with respect to the parallel composition play a central role. The parallel composition of graph grammar allows the composition of grammars with respect to a shared part (that may be empty), and is based on parallel and amalgamated composition of the rules of the component grammars. Moreover, the result of the composition is suitably syntactically and semantically related to the component grammars. The unfolding semantics of a graph grammar is a true concurrent, branching structure semantics in which states (graphs) as well as changes of states (derivations) are represented. The unfolding can be constructed incrementally, and we show that this yields the same result as a construction based on gluing of the deterministic computations of a grammar. Moreover, the unfolding of a graph grammar is itself a graph grammar that belong to a special class of graph grammars: the occurrence graph grammars. Here this class is defined axiomatically, and the members of this class can be seen as grammars that represent (deterministic and non-deterministic) computations of another grammars. The semantics of a grammar obtained as the parallel composition of other grammars is isomorphic to the composition of the semantics of the component grammars. As the purpose of the parallel composition is to be a composition for concurrent and reactive systems, the fact that this composition is compatible with a true concurrency semantics is an attractive result.
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Freiman, Noah. "Unfolding The Design Methodology : A toolkit for designers." Thesis, Konstfack, Industridesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7770.
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Prototyper är avgörande för att lyckas med designprocessen. Ett återkommande hinder är att översätta fysiska prototyper till digitala. Genom att utveckla ett nytt verktyg och förbättra den allmänna designmetodiken, kan nya idéer och resultat blomstra som kan få stor betydelse för framtidens design. Resultatet är en noggrant framtagen uppsättning av geometriska former som tillsammans med en app kallad Eascan möjliggör för användaren att kombinera fysiska och digitala prototyper effektivt.
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Mauri, Sergio. "Insulin unfolding and aggregation : a multi-disciplinary study." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2003709/.
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This thesis aims at understanding the interaction between insulin and interfaces with a multi-disciplinary approach. We investigate three facets of the interaction. In the first part (chapter 4), we study the interaction of insulin with the air/water interface, for different oligomeric compositions of the solution phase. With the help of Sum Frequency Spectroscopy and calculations of the second order nonlinear susceptibility, we can show that insulin monomers segregate to the hydrophobic air/water interface. Since the insulin monomer is the key species to denature and refold to fibrils, our finding explains for the first time why agitation of insulin solutions and the accompanying increase in air/water interface area accelerates fibril formation. In the second part (chapter 5), we investigate the interaction of insulin monomers at low pH with model hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid surfaces. We use a combination of spectroscopic methods, like ATR FT-IR, XPS, SFG and QCM-D to characterise the silicon functionalised solid surface, to quantify the amount of adsorbed protein and to determine its secondary structure. We show that, contrary to physiological conditions, where insulin monomers are known to change secondary structure upon adsorption, an acidic environment leads to near-native adsorbed insulin, which is stable for at least a day. We further show that heat is needed to restructure the adsorbed insulin monolayer and that this restructured monolayer appears to provide the template for further growth. In the final part (Chapter 6), we apply a comparatively simple experimental method, Reflection Anisotropy Spectroscopy for the first time to the formation of amyloid fibrils at interfaces. In a comparison with FT-IR spectroscopy of our model solid surfaces, we show that a drastic change in the peptide backbone arrangement occurs at a hydrophobic surface, when FT-IR merely detects a thick layer with partial beta-sheet structure. We believe this structural change is the beginning of insulin fibril formation and we use the new tool to explore further changes in the adsorbed layer as it ages over several months.
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Trần, Thế Quang. "Unfolding based verification of concurrent infinite-state systems." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13832/document.
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Nous proposons une technique de dépliage pour vérifier les systèmes concurrents infinis bien structurés. Certaines propriétés d'intérêt comme la bornitude, la couverture et la terminaison sont décidables grâce à la bonne structure de ces systèmes. D'autre part, le dépliage réduit efficacement l'explosion combinatoire en exploitant l'ordre partiel entre les événements des systèmes concurrents. Nous proposons une modélisation par structure d'événements pour des systèmes bien structurés élémentaires, tels les compteurs et les files de communication. Le dépliage d'un réseau de structures d'événements étant une structure d'événements, nous proposons ensuite une approche hiérarchique à la modélisation et à la vérification des systèmes, qui préserve la bonne structure. Enfin, nous proposons une technique d'élimination des événements redondants. La mise en œuvre de notre approche dans l'outil ESU nous permet de conclure à son efficacitéWe propose an unfolding technique for verifying concurrent infinite-state systems that are well-structured. Some properties of interest such as boundedness, coverability and termination are decidable thanks to the well-structure of these systems. Moreover, the unfolding effectively reduces the combinatorial explosion by exploiting the partial order between events of concurrent systems. We propose a modelization using event structures for basic well-structured systems, such as counters and communication channels. As the unfolding of a synchronized product of event structures is an event structure, we obtain a hierarchical approach to modeling as well as to verifying systems, which preserves the well-structure. Finally, we propose a technique for eliminating redundant events. The implementation of our approach in the ESU tool allows us to conclude on its efficiency
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Trần, Thế Quang Walukiewicz Igor. "Unfolding based verification of concurrent infinite-state systems." S. l. : Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://ori-oai.u-bordeaux1.fr/pdf/2009/TRAN_THE_QUANG_2009.pdf.
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McGrane, Joshua Aaron. "Unfolding the conceptualisation and measurement of ambivalent attitudes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5424.
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In the last two decades, ambivalence has emerged as one of the primary concerns of attitude researchers. The acknowledgement that individuals can simultaneously evaluate an attitude object as both positive and negative has challenged a number of the status quos of the attitude literature. This thesis utilises an unfolding approach to investigate the implications of ambivalence for the conceptualisation of attitudes and their measurement. Firstly, the assumption that ambivalence is at odds with the bipolar understanding of attitudes was investigated. The results suggested that ambivalence is consistent with bipolarity, whereby ambivalent attitudes are located at the centre of the bipolar dimension. Secondly, attitude scales for the abortion, euthanasia and Aboriginal Australians issues were constructed to reflect this bipolar understanding. The fit of these statements to Coombs’ (1964) unidimensional unfolding theory provided evidence that ambivalence is also consistent with the quantitative conceptualisation of attitudes. Together these results provided further validation of the unfolding approach to attitude measurement. These models alleviate many of the problems faced by the ubiquitous method of summated ratings, including the assessment of ambivalent evaluations. Finally, these scales were used to investigate the latent structure of attitudes and its relationship with meta-psychological judgements of ambivalence. The conclusions drawn from these analyses were limited by a number of issues, highlighting the importance of rigorously considering measurement issues for all attitude parameters. Nonetheless, they presented preliminary validation of these scales’ ability to measure ambivalent evaluations and suggested a systematic relationship between proximity to the centre of the evaluative dimension and metapsychological ambivalence. Overall, it is concluded that a number of assumptions regarding the implications of ambivalence are misplaced and the proposed solutions are even more troublesome. Suggestions for future research are made, particularly with respect to differentiating between ambivalent, indifferent and uncertain evaluative states. Furthermore, attitude researchers are encouraged to discard their operationalist biases in order to engage with the measurement issues illuminated throughout this thesis. This is necessary to account for the complexity of the attitude construct, which ambivalence is testament to.
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McGrane, Joshua Aaron. "Unfolding the conceptualisation and measurement of ambivalent attitudes." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5424.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)In the last two decades, ambivalence has emerged as one of the primary concerns of attitude researchers. The acknowledgement that individuals can simultaneously evaluate an attitude object as both positive and negative has challenged a number of the status quos of the attitude literature. This thesis utilises an unfolding approach to investigate the implications of ambivalence for the conceptualisation of attitudes and their measurement. Firstly, the assumption that ambivalence is at odds with the bipolar understanding of attitudes was investigated. The results suggested that ambivalence is consistent with bipolarity, whereby ambivalent attitudes are located at the centre of the bipolar dimension. Secondly, attitude scales for the abortion, euthanasia and Aboriginal Australians issues were constructed to reflect this bipolar understanding. The fit of these statements to Coombs’ (1964) unidimensional unfolding theory provided evidence that ambivalence is also consistent with the quantitative conceptualisation of attitudes. Together these results provided further validation of the unfolding approach to attitude measurement. These models alleviate many of the problems faced by the ubiquitous method of summated ratings, including the assessment of ambivalent evaluations. Finally, these scales were used to investigate the latent structure of attitudes and its relationship with meta-psychological judgements of ambivalence. The conclusions drawn from these analyses were limited by a number of issues, highlighting the importance of rigorously considering measurement issues for all attitude parameters. Nonetheless, they presented preliminary validation of these scales’ ability to measure ambivalent evaluations and suggested a systematic relationship between proximity to the centre of the evaluative dimension and metapsychological ambivalence. Overall, it is concluded that a number of assumptions regarding the implications of ambivalence are misplaced and the proposed solutions are even more troublesome. Suggestions for future research are made, particularly with respect to differentiating between ambivalent, indifferent and uncertain evaluative states. Furthermore, attitude researchers are encouraged to discard their operationalist biases in order to engage with the measurement issues illuminated throughout this thesis. This is necessary to account for the complexity of the attitude construct, which ambivalence is testament to.
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Lynch, Christopher. "Unfolding of the von Willebrand factor A2 domain." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/48000.
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von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multidomain glycoprotein that has well-established functions in haemostasis and thrombosis. The lack of a constraining disulphide bond results in unfolding of its VWF A2 domain under rheological forces in the vasculature. This unfolding of the VWF A2 domain is an important aspect of VWF function, as it facilitates the proteolysis and regulation by the plasma metalloprotease ADAMTS13. In this thesis, I investigate the structural elements of the VWF A2 domain that control its transition from folded to unfolded state. Dye binding measurements made during the temperature-induced unfolding of a recombinant VWF A2 domain fragment revealed that its calcium binding site (CBS) and vicinal disulphide bond (VicCC) both stabilise the VWF A2 domain and do so in a cooperative manner. Disruption of the CBS and VicCC in full-length recombinant VWF (FLVWF) results in its spontaneous cleavage by ADAMTS13. Temperature-induced unfolding of the VWF A2 domain was also used to examine the role of N-glycosylation on VWF A2 domain stability. Production and analysis of truncated glycan variants of the VWF A2 domain indicated that the N1574 glycan most likely stabilises the VWF A2 domain through an interaction of its first sugar moiety (GlcNAc) with VWF A2 residue Y1544. Stabilisation provided by N1574-GlcNAc impedes interaction with ADAMTS13. The triad of structural features of the VWF A2 domain, the CBS, VicCC and N1574-glycan, therefore collectively provides folding stability. I have also begun an investigation into the consequence of genetic mutation of residues within the VWF A2 domain. I introduced 34 mutations (that naturally occur and are described within the von Willebrand Disease, VWD, mutation database) into FLVWF, the isolated VWF A2 domain, an A1A2A3 domain fragment and a newly developed VWF A2 FRET construct. Preliminary results suggest that the latter construct may be informative in understanding the molecular basis of a subtype of VWD. Collectively, my findings help to clarify how the functions of VWF are controlled by conformational changes in the VWF A2 domain.
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Heron, Andrew David. "The stability of monoclonal antibodies." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252169.
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Mair, Patrick, Ingwer Borg, and Thomas Rusch. "Goodness-of-Fit Assessment in Multidimensional Scaling and Unfolding." Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5354/1/mairetal2016.pdf.
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Judging goodness of fit in multidimensional scaling requires a comprehensive set of diagnostic tools instead of relying on stress rules of thumb. This article elaborates on corresponding strategies and gives practical guidelines for researchers to obtain a clear picture of the goodness of fit of a solution. Special emphasis will be placed on the use of permutation tests. The second part of the article focuses on goodness-of-fit assessment of an important variant of multidimensional scaling called unfolding, which can be applied to a broad range of psychological data settings. Two real-life data sets are presented in order to walk the reader through the entire set of diagnostic measures, tests, and plots. R code is provided as supplementary information that makes the whole goodness-of-fit assessment workflow, as presented in this article, fully reproducible.
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Berry, Yoke. "The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on protein unfolding." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060713.142625/index.html.
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Evans, P. A. "NMR studies of the folding and unfolding of proteins." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376891.
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Kelly, Sharon Mary. "Studies on the unfolding and refolding of oligomeric proteins." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21548.
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The unfolding and refolding of a number of oligomeric enzymes have been studied. These were: fumarase from pig heart, the NAD+ -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from yeast, the citrate synthases from pig hean, Acinetobacter anitratum and Thermoplasma acidophilum and the chaperone protein GroEL from Escherichia coli. In each case the unfolding by guanidinium chloride (GdnHCI) was monitored by enzyme activity (to detect possible perturbations at the active site), protein fluorescence (to detect changes in tertiary structure) and far U.v. circular dichroism (to detect changes in protein secondary structure). In general the losses in secondary and tertiary structure were found to run broadly in parallel, whereas the enzyme activity was lost at much lower concentrations of GdnHCl. This sensitivity to mild, denaturing conditions may reflect the greater flexibility of the active site compared with the molecule as a whole. Interestingly) the bacterial citrate synthases were activated in the presence of low concentrations of GdnHCl. Following denaturation) refolding was initiated by lowering the concentration of GdnHCI by dilution or dialysis. Only the dimeric citrate synthases (from pig heart and Thermoplasma acidophilum) could be reactivated to a moderate extent using the dilution procedure; less than 5% reactivation was observed for the other enzymes. In the cases of fumarase, NAD+ -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and the dimeric citrate synthases the degrees of reactivation following dialysis were significantly greater (approximately 50-75% of the native enzymes) than those obtained following the dilution procedure. Factors such as protein concentration and the inclusion of dithiothreitol in the dialysis or dilution buffer were found to influence significantly the extent of reactivation. The greater yield of reactivation of unfolded protein using the dialysis procedure probably reflects the ability of the enzyme to make the correct structural adjustments between intermediates when the concentration of GdnHCI is lowered gradually. In the case of Thermoplasma acidophilum the recovery of citrate synthase activity was much greater at 20 ·C than at 55 ·C (the optimal temperature for growth of this organism). This has implications for the folding process in vivo under the extreme growth conditions of thermophiles and possibly other extremophiles. The hexameric citrate synthase from Acinetobacter anitratum and the tetradecameric chaperonin, GroEL could not be reactivated following denaturation. Far u.v. circular dichroism measurements on GroEL indicated that the native secondary structure of this protein was regained to a large extent. In vivo a number of the proteins studied (fumarase and citrate synthase from pig hean and yeast NAD+ -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase)are translocated into mitochondria as precursors in a non-native state prior to processing, folding and assembly. The lack of complete refolding of the proteins studied in this work points to the existence of specialised mechanisms in vivo to promote efficient folding. Chaperone proteins have been implicated in the assistance of protein folding in vivo. Intriguingly. the studies on the inefficient refolding of the chaperonin GroEL support the proposal that this protein may fold in vivo by way of a "self chaperoning" mechanism.
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Li, Men-dik, and 李民迪. "The unfolding and transformation of Daoism in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558204.
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