Academic literature on the topic 'Uneven regional development'
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Journal articles on the topic "Uneven regional development"
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Williams, Allan M. "International Migration, Uneven Regional Development and Polarization." European Urban and Regional Studies 16, no. 3 (June 19, 2009): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776409104695.
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Miletic, Radmila. "Selected indicators of uneven regional development of Serbia." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 86, no. 1 (2006): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0601177m.
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Expressive territorial unevenness represents the main characteristic of the regional development of Serbia. Spatial differentiation of socio-demographic and economic-functional development is visible at a number of levels development axis - undeveloped region, developed centre and insufficiently developed outskirts, Belgrade and other regions, etc. By positioning the Districts (as meso-regional entities) according to the values of selected development indicators, this paper points to their role in the existing regional reality of Serbia.
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Czerny, Mirosława. "Introduction: Uneven Urban and Regional Development in Poland." European Urban and Regional Studies 9, no. 1 (January 2002): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096977640200900103.
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Kubo, Yuji. "SCALE ECONOMIES, REGIONAL EXTERNALITIES, AND THE POSSIBILITY OF UNEVEN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT*." Journal of Regional Science 35, no. 1 (February 1995): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1995.tb01398.x.
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Gu, Jie, Suhong Zhou, and Xinyue Ye. "Uneven Regional Development Under Balanced Development Strategies: Space-Time Paths of Regional Development in Guangdong, China." Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 107, no. 5 (July 11, 2016): 596–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12200.
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Fan, C. Cindy. "Uneven development and beyond: regional development theory in post‐Mao China." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 21, no. 4 (December 1997): 620–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00105.
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Žížalová, Pavla, and Pavel Csank. "Are research, development and innovations key processes of uneven regional development?" Geografie 114, no. 1 (2009): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2009114010021.
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Research, development and innovations (R&D&I) are widely considered as key factors enhancing economic development of both nations and regions. R&D&I activities are, however, strongly concentrated in few areas. Therefore, one might consider disparities in R&D potential and its exploitation as a crucial source of regional disparities. Nevertheless, analysing spatial patterns of R&D&I activities brings several obstacles. These consist particularly in limited data available for description of processes linked to the translation of R&D&I activities into economic growth. This paper intends to search for suitable data and indicators analysing microdata from statistical survey on R&D and for more accurate usage for them as their most often aggregate use might lead to inaccurate or misleading conclusions.
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Williams, Allan M., Vladimir Baláž, and Claire Wallace. "International Labour Mobility and Uneven Regional Development in Europe." European Urban and Regional Studies 11, no. 1 (January 2004): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776404039140.
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Sofer, Michael. "Uneven regional development and internal labor migration in Fiji." World Development 21, no. 2 (February 1993): 301–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(93)90025-5.
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Wells, P. "The Military Scientific Infrastructure and Regional Development." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 19, no. 12 (December 1987): 1631–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a191631.
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In this paper the distribution and functional interlinkages of those state military facilities concerned with research and development are related to the spatial distribution of the UK high-technology industry and to the issue of uneven regional development.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Uneven regional development"
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Stanev, Stanev Kaloyan. "Political instability and regional transformations in the Balkans. Railways, population and socio-economic indicators of uneven regional development: 1880 - 2000." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51087.
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Aquesta tesi explora el creixement regional desigual, el desenvolupament de la xarxa urbana i
l'evolució dels ferrocarrils Als Balcans, una de les regions més diverses i turbulentes d'Europa. Els Estats
inclosos en l'estudi són Albània, Bòsnia i Hercegovina, Bulgària, Croàcia, Grècia, Macedònia,
Montenegro, Romania, Sèrbia, Eslovènia i Kosovo. Durant els segles XIX i XX, els Estats dels Balcans
es van sotmetre a diverses transformacions polítiques radicals que van alterar profundament el seu
desenvolupament socioeconòmic. La hipòtesi de l'estudi és que aquests canvis també van afectar a la
geografia econòmica i la distribució espacial de la població a la regió. Per això, endinsar-se en la història
moderna dels Estats dels Balcans és una oportunitat valuosa per estudiar els principals determinants dels
desequilibris en el creixement regional.
Les correlacions entre els esdeveniments polítics i el desenvolupament territorial il·lustren i
s'analitzen a través de la base de dades especialment creada per a aquest estudi. La base inclou informació
històrica i geogràfica de transport: com la modificació de les fronteres nacionals i regionals, i el
desenvolupament de la xarxa ferroviària, i dades socioeconòmiques com ara: l'evolució de les taxes
d'urbanització i la densitat a nivell regional i el creixement de les ciutats. La creació de la base de dades
permet l'establiment d'una visió integrada, a llarg termini sobre el desenvolupament espacial de la regió i
facilita l'anàlisi dels canvis regionals i ajustaments espacials a finals del segle XIX i XX. L'anàlisi ofereix
observacions importants sobre el mecanisme de formació de la geografia econòmica dels estats en
construcció o en transició.
La tesi s'estructura en cinc capítols escrits en forma d'articles. Els tres primers capítols ofereixen
estudis nacionals sobre el desenvolupament regional i urbà de Bulgària, Romania i l'ex-Iugoslàvia i els
seus estats successors en els últims 100-130 anys. Es van posar de manifest les notables similituds en la
formació espacial de les noves economies nacionals després de la dissolució de l'Imperi Austro-hongarès i
l'Imperi Otomà. El quart capítol analitza l'evolució espacial de tota la península durant el segle XX. I
l'últim capítol es centra en la transformació estructural de l'economia de Bulgària.
En general, l'experiència dels Balcans il.lustra com, en els Estats de recent creació o en procés de
formació amb una economia preindustrial, les institucions polítiques juguen un paper important en la
determinació del desenvolupament i les tendències de la desigualtat regional. En general, en els estats
balcànics subdesenvolupats i majoritàriament centralitzats, la iniciativa privada ha jugat un paper
secundari. Les fronteres polítiques i el marc institucional han estat els principals determinants sobre les
desigualtats en el creixement regional. Aquesta conclusió es veu confirmada per les dades sobre els
sectors d'ocupació de Bulgària. Els governs van ser capaços d'influir de manera significativa en el
desenvolupament regional, mitjançant inversions relativament petites en la infraestructura del transport
que van tenir importants efectes a llarg termini a causa de l'efecte dels rendiments creixents. Els petits
avantatges durant el període pre-industrial, en forma d'importància política i administrativa o accés
ferroviari, van tenir efectes duradors sobre la geografia econòmica. Més tard, les transformacions
econòmiques i polítiques van tenir menor efecte sobre la geografia econòmica de les nacions balcàniques
perquè els beneficiaris del creixement econòmic van ser principalment les ciutats i les regions ja
desenvolupades.
.Esta tesis explora el crecimiento desigual regional, el desarrollo de la red urbana y la evolución de los ferrocarriles en los Balcanes, una de las regiones más diversas y turbulentas de Europa. Los países incluidos en el estudio son Albania, Bosnia y Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croacia, Grecia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Rumania, Serbia, Eslovenia y Kosovo. Durante los siglos XIX y XX, estos estados se sometieron a varias transformaciones políticas radicales que alteraron profundamente su desarrollo socioeconómico. La hipótesis del estudio es que estos cambios también afectaron a la geografía económica y la distribución espacial de la población en la región. Por ello, historia moderna de los Estados de los Balcanes es una oportunidad valiosa para estudiar los principales determinantes de los desequilibrios en el crecimiento regional. Las correlaciones entre los acontecimientos políticos y de desarrollo territorial se ilustran y analizan a través de lo creado especialmente para este estudio base de datos. La base incluye información histórica y geográfica de transporte: como la modificación de las fronteras nacionales y regionales, y el desarrollo de la red ferroviaria, y datos socio-económicos tales como: la evolución de las tasas de urbanización y la densidad a nivel regional y el crecimiento de las ciudades. La creación de la base de datos permite el establecimiento de una visión integrada, a largo plazo sobre el desarrollo espacial de la región y facilita el análisis de los cambios regionales y ajustes espaciales a finales del siglo XIX y XX. El análisis ofrece observaciones importantes sobre el mecanismo de formación de la geografía económica de los estados en construcción o en transición. La tesis se estructura en cinco capítulos escritos en forma de artículos. Los tres primeros capítulos ofrecen estudios nacionales sobre el desarrollo regional y urbano de Bulgaria, Rumania y la ex Yugoslavia. Se puso de manifiesto las notables similitudes en la formación espacial de las nuevas economías nacionales después de la disolución del Imperio Austro-Hungría y el Imperio Otomano. El cuarto capítulo analiza la evolución espacial de toda la península durante el siglo XX. Y el último capítulo se centra en la transformación estructural de la economía de Bulgaria. La experiencia de los Balcanes ilustra cómo, en los estados de reciente creación o en proceso de formación con una economía preindustrial, las instituciones políticas juegan un papel importante en la determinación del desarrollo y las tendencias de la desigualdad regional. En general, en los estados balcánicos subdesarrollados y mayoritariamente centralizados, la iniciativa privada ha jugado un papel secundario. Las fronteras políticas y el marco institucional han sido los principales determinantes sobre las desigualdades en el crecimiento regional. Esta conclusión se ve confirmada por los datos sobre los sectores de ocupación de Bulgaria. Los gobiernos fueron capaces de influir de manera significativa en el desarrollo regional, mediante inversiones relativamente pequeñas en la infraestructura del transporte que tuvieron importantes efectos a largo plazo debido al efecto de los rendimientos crecientes. Las pequeñas ventajas iniciales durante el período pre-industrial, en la forma de importancia política y administrativa o acceso ferroviario, tuvieron efectos duraderos sobre la geografía económica. Más tarde, las transformaciones económicas y políticas tuvieron menor efecto sobre la geografía económica de las naciones balcánicas porque los beneficiarios del crecimiento económico fueron principalmente las ciudades y las regiones ya desarrolladas.
This thesis explores the uneven regional growth, the development of the urban network and the evolution of the railroads in the Balkans- one of the most diverse and turbulent regions of Europe. The states included in the study are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Kosovo. During the 19th and 20th centuries, these states underwent several radical political transformations that altered profoundly their socioeconomic development. The hypothesis of the current study is that these changes also affected the economic geography and the spatial distribution of the population in the region, and therefore the modern history of the Balkans provides a valuable opportunity to study the main determinants for the uneven regional growth. The correlations between political events and spatial development are illustrated and analyzed with the use of the created for the purposes of the study database. It includes historical geographical and transport information: like the changes to the national and regional borders, and the development of the railway network, and socioeconomic data: such as the evolution of urbanization and density rates at regional level, and the growth of the cities. The final result is a database with internationally comparable historical and geographical information covering the entire Balkan Peninsula, which therefore permits, for the first time, the establishment of an integrated, long run vision over the spatial development of the states in the peninsula. The thesis is organized into five chapters written in the form of articles. The first three chapters present national studies of the regional and urban development of Bulgaria, Romania and former Yugoslavia during the last 100-130 years. The results revealed remarkable similarities in the spatial formation of the new national economies after the dissolutions of Austro-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. The fourth chapter explores the spatial trends of the entire peninsula during the 20th century. The last chapter focuses on the structural transformation of the Bulgarian economy. Overall, the experience of the Balkans illustrates how, in newly established pre-industrial states or in those in the process of formation, political institutions can play a major role in determining the trends of the spatial inequality. By and large, in the underdeveloped and predominantly centralized Balkans, private initiative has played lesser role and political borders and the institutional framework have been the main determinants for the uneven regional growth. The governments were able to influence significantly the regional development; by making relatively small investments in transport infrastructure which had significant effects in long run due to the self-enforcing nature of increasing returns. The small initial advantages during the preindustrial period, in the form of political and administrative importance or railway access, had a lasting effect over the economic geography. Later economic and political transformations were followed by a visible increase of the regional and spatial disparities; however they had lesser effect on the economic geography of the Balkan nations, as the principal benefiters of the economic growth were the already developed cities and regions.
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Huang, Shutian. "The evolution of regional uneven development in Jiangsu Province under China's growth-oriented state ideology." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17024.
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This doctoral project explores the evolution of regional uneven development in Jiangsu province under China’s growth-oriented state ideology during the economic reform era. Based upon a set of political-philosophical and historical analyses, it is argued that, as the foundation of China’s regime legitimacy in the reform era, the growth orientation of China’s dominant state ideology consisted of two key rationales, those are, China’s utilitarianism and its pragmatism. And, in order to concretely study the evolution of the regional unevenness between the south and north of Jiangsu province, two city-regions were selected as the basis for detailed empirical research. They are Changzhou city in the south and Nantong city in the north. Both the theoretical and empirical analyses were conducted under a three-stage periodization of economic reform. These are: the first stage (the late 1970s – the earlier 1990s), the second stage (the mid-1990s – the earlier 2000s), and the third stage (the earlier 2000s – 2013). It is found that, generally speaking, the dominant growth-oriented state ideology exercised key influences on regional unevenness in Jiangsu through a set of utilitarian and pragmatic institutional expressions and practices. And, corresponding to the influence of the growth-oriented state ideology, there are different kinds of strategically inscribed structural selectivities being expressed during different stage of the economic reform. Such selectivities are mainly exhibited by, and practised through, the dominant local growth patterns of the respective stage of the reform. Those are: TVE-driven growth, development zone-driven growth, and state-led, urbanisation-driven growth. Whilst the actual practices of these local growth patterns all decisively (re)produced and (re)shaped regional unevenness, they also exhibited, and were subject to, polymorphic and multidimensional sociospatial relations and processes which may be explored from the perspective of the so-called TPSN framework. It is proposed that whilst regional unevenness in Jiangsu province was increasing during the first two stages of reform, it was reduced during the third stage, though in a highly unsustainable and socially unjust fashion.
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Park, Bae-Gyoon. "The territorial politics of regulation under State Capitalism : uneven regional development, regional parties, and the politics of local economic development in South Korea /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/51972233.html.
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Su, Fang. "Uneven human capital development in contemporary China : a non-monetary perspective on regional and gender inequality." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12305/.
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Regional inequality is one of the most challenging issues facing China in the coming decade. Whilst this matter can be approached from different angles; mainstream scholars have tended to examine this issue by way of monetary measurement (e.g. GDP or income per capita). This study draws attention to the non-monetary aspect in order to shed new light on regional inequality. Accordingly, this research focuses on the gaps and trends of human capital development, a key non-monetary index proxying for regional inequality in transitional China. Taking education and health status as two key indicators, in particular, this research aims to trace the trends in regional inequality over the last two decades, investigate to what extent those two dimensions can help to identify and integrate factors behind regional disparities, and to analyse some profound policies and implications. Based upon official educational and health status statistics at provincial level, this study develops a model to exam regional disparity between the three economic development zones from 1990 to 2005. Main findings are that different perspectives of regional inequality bring out different consequences; from the viewpoint of human capital development, regional inequality presents positive findings in uneven development. Secondly, causes of development are fairly diverse and different measurements may significantly vary outcomes. Thirdly, uneven development is a spontaneous phenomenon underlying development, which over varying lengths of time may have stimulated economic growth in a positive way. Finally, limitations are discussed associated with policy implications.
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Lawson, Victoria A. "National economic policies, local variations in structure of production, and uneven regonal [i.e. regional] development : the case of Ecuador /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487322984316489.
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COUTO, ALESSANDRO BIAZZI. "UNEVEN GEOGRAPHICAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE INITIATIVE FOR THE INTEGRATION OF THE REGIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF SOUTH AMERICA (IIRSA) 2000-2010." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=18112@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORPROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O objetivo dessa pesquisa é analisar a Iniciativa de Integração de Infraestrutura da América do Sul (IIRSA) como uma política de desenvolvimento e planejamento territorial. A investigação procede inicialmente com uma topografia das forças sociais promotoras da IIRSA em seus dez anos de abrangência (2000-2010); uma análise de suas idéias-força e principais mecanismos de coordenação institucional. Dada a amplitude de organizações que em distintas escalas (locais, regionais, nacionais e globais) incidem nos projetos da Iniciativa se procede na investigação da economia política que confere legitimidade a um de seus eixos geoeconômicos de planejamento, o Peru-Brasil-Bolívia. O argumento central é que a produção do espaço sul-americano e os eixos da IIRSA acompanham o desenvolvimento geográfico desigual do capitalismo, nos termos desenvolvidos por David Harvey, pela geografia e estudos regionais . Essas contribuições nos permitem apreender o processo de adaptação dos distintos Estados Sul Americanos a globalização como também refletir sobre as resistências imanentes e locais , e em que medida essas articulam concepções distintas e heterogêneas de desenvolvimento às que orientam os projetos da IIRSA.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the Infrastructure Integration Initiative of South America (IIRSA) as a development and territorial planning policy coordinated between twelve South American States. The investigation proceeds initially with a topography of the social forces promoting IIRSA in its ten years of (2000-2010), an analysis of its key ideas and main mechanisms of institutional coordination. Given the complexity of organizations that at different scales (local, regional, national and global) participate in IIRSA projects, the investigation proceeds in search of the political economy that drives one of its geoeconomic axes, the Peru-Bolivia-Brazil. The central argument that drives this dissertation is that the production of a South American regionality and the axis of IIRSA follow the uneven geographical development of capitalism in the terms worked by David Harvey and key scholars of regional studies. This theoretical contribution permits us to learn more about the process of adaptation of different South American states to globalization, but also to reflect on the character of the social resistances inherent in the territories and to what extent these resistances might articulate different and heterogeneous concepts of "development" of the ones that guide the IIRSA projects.
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Nisancioglu, Kerem. "The Ottomans in Europe : uneven and combined development and Eurocentrism." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/48353/.
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This thesis challenges the Eurocentric division of international history into distinct 'Western' and 'Eastern' strands by demonstrating the intensive historical interactivity between the Ottoman Empire and Europe. Addressing Weberian, Marxian and postcolonial inspired historiography, it seeks to overcome a series of interconnected binaries- East versus West, tradition versus modernity and inside versus outside- that characterise the one-sidedness of these approaches. This thesis argues that Uneven and Combined Development (U&CD) is a theoretical framework primed to overcoming precisely such partialities, and can therefore make an original contribution to Ottoman historiography. More specifically the thesis tackles problems in Ottoman historiography across three key junctures. Through a treatment of the origins of the Empire, I demonstrate that the Ottoman tributary state was a product of international determinations- a form of combined development. Analysing the Ottoman apogee of the sixteenth century, I argue that Ottoman geopolitical pressure on Europe created sociological conditions for that emergence of capitalism. Finally, I show that Ottoman decline was inextricable from the uneven and combined development of capitalism over the course of the long nineteenth century. These historical analyses offer distinct contributions to historical sociological debates around the 'tributary mode of production', the 'Rise of the West' and 'modernisation' respectively. Theoretically, I show that any historical study from a singular spatial vantage point will always tend to be partial. Instead, multiple vantage points derived from multiple spatio-temporal origins better capture the complexity of concrete historical processes. In presenting this argument, this thesis offers a theoretical reconstruction of U&CD as the articulation of spatio-temporal multiplicity in mode of production analysis, which overcomes the fissure between international relations and historical sociology. It thus extends the theory of U&CD onto the terrain of 'big questions' surrounding pre-capitalist social relations and capitalist modernity.
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Thomas, Peter Richard. "Belgium's north-south divide and the Walloon Region : the dynamics of uneven development." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318107.
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Arroxelas, Galva~o Oli´mpio Jose´ de. "Regional development in Brazil : a study of economic integration in an unevenly developed country." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633018.
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This study analyses the process of regional economic integration in Brazil, a country which, despite enormous progress in industrialisation, urbanisation and modernisation, ranks among the most unequal economies in the world in terms of income distribution, not only among its population but also among its regions. Because of the vastness of the country and also because its regions shared, in most fundamental ways, a common pat tern of development based on the plantations for export and the establishment of huge latifundia for cattle raising - Brazil failed to build an effective system of internal transportation and developed as a sort of archipelago of "economic islands", which had their markets integrated on a national basis only in a recent period of the country's development. Approaching national growth from both a spatial and an historical perspective, this study analyses the conditions of relative isolation of the regional economies before the Second World War, and the remarkable intensification of interregional trade during the 1950s and the following decade. Empirical evidence is mainly provided by four interstate trad matrices, with new sources of information covering the period 1943-1969, a period which represents a turning point in the process of economic integration of the Brazilian regions and the formation of a national, unified market. In the study of regional development, particular emphasis is given to the historical examination of the reasons why integration was a slow and late process in Brazil, identifying the factors which have been responsible for the sluggish development of the domestic market. Finally, the process of market unification in the modern period is analysed, with emphasis on the shifts in the regional division of labour and on the effects of integration on the regional economies. The major conclusions of the study are that the process of industrial concentration in space, the slow formation of a national, integrated market, and the emergence of regional inequalities in Brazil, are the result of two fundamental elements which accompanied the evolution of the national economy: the remarkable continuity of the pattern of land tenure and land use, and the biased form of state intervention in the national territory.
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Heberle, Karen Aline. "Desenvolvimento desigual e a produção da região: a dinâmica da indústria metal-mecânica automotiva no município de Caxias do Sul/RS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-21052015-120951/.
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A região de Caxias do Sul constitui o segundo pólo industrial mais importante do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, atrás somente da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre. Sua importância econômica, alicerçada em setores como o metal-mecânico automotivo, moveleiro e alimentício, perdura mesmo após a abertura comercial instaurada no Brasil a partir da década de 1990. Essa pesquisa esforça-se por analisar o problema da industrialização de Caxias do Sul sob o viés da teoria do desenvolvimento desigual, elaborada em sua versão mais refinada por David Harvey. Segundo esse enfoque, o desenvolvimento geográfico desigual é uma expressão da acumulação capitalista e resulta da tendência à concentração de recursos e riquezas (forças produtivas) em pontos nodais do espaço que contrastam com porções do espaço menos prósperas economicamente. Há, segundo essa interpretação, uma lógica universal que permeia as diferentes escalas da reprodução global da sociedade capitalista e que produz as diferenciações socioespaciais enquanto elemento inerente à sua dinâmica. Nesse sentido, o problema central dessa pesquisa consiste em compreender a formação de uma regionalidade da acumulação capitalista a partir da análise da indústria metal-mecânica automotiva no município de Caxias do Sul destacando os riscos e contradições do processo. Para isso, abordamos as fragilidades produzidas pela especialização produtiva regional e as estratégias utilizadas pelas empresas do setor para manter a competitividade econômica em um novo ambiente de negócios, com forte concorrência internacional. Enfatizamos ainda o papel das representações ideológicas para a reprodução de uma relativa estabilidade/coerência regional, diante das forças de desestruturação/reestruturação colocadas pela globalização.The region of Caxias do Sul is among the largest industrial center in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, second only to the Metropolitan Area of Porto Alegre. Its economic relevance, based on sectors such as metalworking and automotive, furniture and food processing and manufacturing, persists even after Brazils trade opening in the 1990s. This research aims to analyze the question of the industrialization of Caxias do Sul drawing on the theory of uneven development, advanced in its most refined version by David Harvey. According to this theoretical framework, uneven geographical development is an expression of capitalist accumulation and results in the tendency towards a concentration of resources and wealth (productive forces) in nodal points of space that contrast with other, less prosperous areas in economic terms. There is, following Harvey, a universal logic that permeates the different scales of the global reproduction of capitalist society and produces the socio-spatial differentiations as an inherent element of its dynamic. Thus the central aim of this research is to understand the formation of a regionality of capitalist accumulation by analyzing the automotive and metalworking industry in the municipality of Caxias do Sul, as well as to highlight the risks and contradictions of this process. To do so, we focused on the vulnerabilities of the regional productive specialization and the strategies pursued by firms in this sector to keep competitive in a new business environment marked by strong foreign competition. We also emphasized the role of ideological representations in reproducing a relative stability and coherence in the region in a context of disorganizing and restructuring forces brought by globalization.
Books on the topic "Uneven regional development"
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Uneven economic development. London: Zed, 2008.
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Finance capital and uneven development. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1987.
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Vasudevan, Ramaa. International trade, finance, and uneven development. [Mumbai]: Quest Publications, 2009.
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Steinbach, Josef. Uneven worlds: Theories, empirical analysis and perspectives to regional development. Bergtheim: Dt. Wiss.-Vlg., 1999.
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Alexander, Kanjirathara Chandy. Culture and development: Cultural patterns in areas of uneven development. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1992.
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Alexander, Kanjirathara Chandy. Culture and development: Cultural patterns in areas of uneven development. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1992.
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The global region: Production, state policies, and uneven development. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992.
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Bond, Patrick. Uneven Zimbabwe: A study of finance, development, and underdevelopment. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1998.
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Keeble, David. Small firms, new firms and uneven regional development in the UK. Cambridge: Department of Applied Economics, 1991.
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Lange, Andreas. Uneven regional development: The European Union and its new member states. Münster: LIT, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Uneven regional development"
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Anwar, Mohammad Amir. "Connecting South Africa: ICTs, Uneven Development and Poverty Debates." In World Regional Geography Book Series, 261–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94974-1_28.
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Hudson, Ray, and John Pickles. "Geographical Uneven Development and Regional Futures: A Conversation." In Regional and Local Development in Times of Polarisation, 29–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1190-1_2.
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Hasnath, Syed Abu. "Uneven Development in Bangladesh: A Temporal and Regional Analysis." In New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, 199–219. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1435-7_12.
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Hioki, Shiro. "The Magnitude of Interregional Input-Output Spillover Effects in China and its Implications for China’s Uneven Regional Growth." In Spatial Structure and Regional Development in China, 154–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524163_8.
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Smith, Adrian, Al Rainnie, and Michael Dunford. "Regional Trajectories and Uneven Development in the ‘New Europe’: Rethinking Territorial Success and Inequality." In Interlocking Dimensions of European Integration, 122–44. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230514430_7.
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Fischer-Tahir, Andrea. "The Survival of the Kurdish Chicken: Uneven Development and Nationalist Discourse in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq." In Re-Configurations, 119–33. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31160-5_8.
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Chitez, Mădălina, Roxana Rogobete, and Alexandru Foitoş. "Digital Humanities as an Incentive for Digitalisation Strategies in Eastern European HEIs: A Case Study of Romania." In European Higher Education Area: Challenges for a New Decade, 545–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56316-5_34.
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Abstract The modern university has the potential to turn into a nexus of digital embracement and innovation, thus responding to both strategic planning for higher education and societal demands. Priorities in digitalisation strategies (White Paper ‘Bologna Digital 2020’, Rampelt et al. 2019) for higher education institutions (HEIs) are actively promoted, and their implementation is in progress throughout Europe. However, the embedding of the digitalisation reform at the institutional level is considerably uneven from one country to another, with Eastern European HEIs lagging behind (Conrads et al. 2017). The aim of this position paper is to present and discuss the case of digital humanities (DH) as an incentive for digitalisation strategies at Eastern European universities. We briefly contextualize the configuration of DH initiatives in the region by using the results of the Digital Humanities Survey and propose the case study of Romania, where we investigate the implementation status of such initiatives. We further exemplify the process of developing a DH centre and evaluate the institutional impact of the recently created research centre CODHUS, from the West University of Timişoara, Romania, the second DH centre in the country. The strength of the new centre relies on its capacity to converge cross-disciplinary expertise with digital technologies. The centre intends to develop computational solutions and digital tools for research, course development and assessment. CODHUS is also a digital-competence training centre for teachers and students, with the purpose of bridging the gap between teaching strategies and goals, on one hand, and students’ digital experiences and expectations from HEI, on the other. The study offers a multiple-lens perspective on the integration of digital-intensive research initiatives, such as DH, into the Bologna process. We argue that DH centres can support further HE developments which contribute to building “new learning ecologies” (Galvis 2018) and creating an “education area with digital solutions” (Rampelt 2019).
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Maguta, John Kibe, Daniel M. Nzengya, Chrocosiscus Mutisya, and Joyce Wairimu. "Building Capacity to Cope with Climate Change-Induced Resource-Based Conflicts Among Grassroots Communities in Kenya." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 2611–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_131.
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AbstractKenya is among the world’s most vulnerable countries to climate change-related stresses and extreme events. According to FAO, over 75% of the country is classified as arid and semiarid with rainfall availability and amounts quite unevenly spread across the different parts of the country. The country has very skewed distribution of water sources with the western area being relatively well endowed with abundant water resources. The exponential growth in the country’s population over the years, together with rapid environmental degradation and poor water resource development programs, have worsened the country’s vulnerability to the effects of climate change. Ethnic conflicts over land resources are common-place in Kenya’s rural areas where majority of the people live and the effects of extreme climate change events are likely to exacerbate resource-based conflicts. In this chapter we explore the extent of climate change-induced resource conflicts in three counties along rainfall availability gradient, namely, Kiambu County which experiences relatively high rainfall and also high urban population, Machakos County, which generally experiences modest rainfall availability, and Makueni County regarded to be one of the most arid and semiarid counties in the country. Data were collected in 2017 using a closed ended questionnaire. Between-subjects MANOVA design was used to examine relationship between independent and dependent variables. Qualitative results of the open-ended question reveal that climate change impacts can be diverse, particularly for vulnerable regions such as arid and semiarid regions such as Makueni County. In this county, respondents mentioned nine ways climate change had impacted communities, with the most frequently mentioned impact being increasing food insecurity followed by increasing water shortages. Machakos followed with seven impacts mentioned starting with increased water shortages followed by scarcity of pasture. In Kiambu County, only four impacts were mentioned with food insecurity being frequently mentioned among the list of impacts of climate change in the county. Results of the descriptive and inferential statistics reveal that resource-based conflicts vary along the hydrological gradient. In Machakos County, resource-based conflicts are perceived to have risen during the last 5 years (M = 3.92, SD = 0.66), followed by Makueni (M = 4.10, SD = 0.670). Kiambu residents do not consider resource-based conflicts to have risen during the last 5 year, (M = 2.50, SD = 1.38). Differences in severity of climate related conflicts are statistically significant, F2, 76 = 12.78, p <0.01. Also, climate change is strongly perceived to be a factor in the rise of resource-based conflicts in Machakos County (M = 4.10, SD = 0.67). In Makueni County as well, climate change is perceived to be a significant contributor to resource-based conflicts (M = 3.98, SD = 1.70). These findings have relevance on county and national policies targeted to build capacity to cope with climate change induced resource-based conflicts among grassroot communities in Kenya.
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Hudson, R. "Uneven Regional Development." In International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 18–23. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044910-4.00884-1.
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Hudson, Ray. "Regional Uneven Development." In International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 363–67. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102295-5.10152-0.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Uneven regional development"
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Liu, Meiwu, and Weilin Chen. "The Uneven Regional Development Impacting on the Process of Thailand's Modernization." In 2nd International Symposium on Business Corporation and Development in South-East and South Asia under B$R Initiative (ISBCD 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isbcd-17.2017.16.
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Choroev, Kalybek. "Analysis and Modeling of Uneven Economic Growth of the Regions of the Kyrgyz Republic in the New Conditions." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02256.
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During the years of independence, the unevenness (asymmetry) of the economic development of the regions of the Kyrgyz Republic sharply increased, the multiple gap between the regions increased according to the most important indicators of regional production, income level and poverty, the quality of life of the population. Regions of the country vary significantly in size, population size and density, level of economic development, natural and climatic conditions, national and historical features. All this causes significant differences in the needs of budget financing and tax bases of individual regions. Smoothing economic asymmetry is one of the most important issues of public administration. The core of the research toolkit should be the economic and mathematical model of economic growth in the region. In regional studies, the following factors of economic growth can be identified: natural resources; labor resources; main capital; volume of investment. In addition, new methods of overcoming socio-economic asymmetry include working out the mechanism of effective public-private partnership and everywhere to introduce long-term planning for the development of the region's economy. The preservation and development of the country as a state largely depends on the effective regional policy implemented in the country.
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Tassinari, Giorgio, Fabrizio Alboni, Arianna Tassinari, and Ignazio Drudi. "STRINGENCY OF COVID-19 RESTRICTIONS AMONG ITALIAN REGIONS AND THE ROLE OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.s.p.2020.1.
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The diffusion of COVID-19 pandemic among Italian Regions has been very uneven. The intensity of measures introduced to contrast its spread also shows a high heterogeneity among local jurisdiction, but this does not correspond, prima facie, with the intensity of the pandemic. What shapes the stringency of responses across different localities? Various factors could be hypothesised to be at play: factors related to the intensity of the pandemic, to the political and ideological orientation of governing authorities, to the models of growth and development characterising regional economic systems, and to the strength of lobbying groups pushing for more or less stringent responses. To address these questions, we elaborate a regional stringency index and analyse (using CART regression trees and other statistical methods) its relationships with some of these factors. The results show that the main driver of stringency (in an inverse way) is the weight of exports on regional GDP, suggesting that economic interests and business power might play an important role in shaping political responses to pandemics.
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Dušek, Jiří. "Rozvoj Jihočeského kraje v kontextu veřejných financí a spolupráce obcí." In XXIII. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách / 23rd International Colloquium on Regional Sciences. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9610-2020-24.
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In the past few years, several research projects focused on the barriers of inter-municipal cooperation were carried out in the Czech Republic and abroad. As the research results reflect the respective local and regional specifics, the results and conclusions are diametrically different, depending on particular conditions in the respective country. The main objective of the paper is to analyse the uneven socio-economic development of the municipalities in the South Bohemian Region, as an example of the development of cooperation between the municipalities of the South Bohemian Region in relation to the economic background of municipalities. The hypothesis is that the economically stronger municipalities have better conditions for establishment and development of cooperation of municipalities. The theoretical part consists of research findings related to the problems of regional development and cooperation of municipalities. Furthermore, various methods are introduced, which are applied in the context of municipal analysis. The research of municipality cooperation was carried out by the author in 2007-2018. The results of the research confirmed the assumption of uneven development of the territory because economically weaker municipalities have really worse conditions for the establishment and development of cooperation between municipalities.
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Gomez, Helmuth, and Gabriela Antošová. "Sectors and industry regions – Case study italy." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-21.
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The aim of the article is to describe the tangible and lasting uneven regional distribution of manufacturing in Italy, as the result of a historical reinforcing process. In doing so, we cite the basic parameters typically applied by the New Economic Geography approach and try to relate some global developments in the Italian history, with the seemingly outright influence of such specific theoretical parameters. The method is merely descriptive and uses a map and some manufacturing statistics for spotlight the actual sectorial distribution of employment as an evidence of the divergent process. For underpinning the analytical interpretation, we consult the previous contribution of some Italian economists and historians setting forth the consolidation of Italian manufacturing expansion and its startling spatial concentration. The descriptive style of the article ends up highlighting the pervasive influence of historical inertia on the regional economic development and the pertinence of New Economic Geography framework for interpreting the uneven distribution of manufacturing across the space.
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Dušek, Jiří. "Finanční stabilita rozpočtů obcí Jihočeského kraje v kontextu meziobecní spolupráce." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-47.
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In recent years, several research projects on barriers to inter-municipal cooperation have been implemented in the Czech Republic and abroad. However, the research results reflect the respective local and regional specificities and the results and conclusions are therefore diametrically different depending on the specific conditions in the country. The main goal of the paper is to analyse uneven socio-economic development of the municipalities in the South Bohemian Region on the example of the development of cooperation among the municipalities of the South Bohemian Region in relation to the economic background of the municipalities. When assessing the budget-related aspects of the municipality, it is not possible to prefer and take into account only the revenue side, it is also necessary to emphasize the expenditure side. In our case, we use what is called the self-financing rate (the share of own revenues in the current expenditures of the municipality). There is a hypothesis that municipalities with a higher rate of self-financing tend to get less involved in cooperation of municipalities, i.e. the higher the rate of self-financing, the lower the level of cooperation of municipalities. Economically stronger municipalities have no reason/interest to unite their forces with other entities in order to solve problems of regional development. The theoretical part of the work deals with searching for knowledge related to the issue of regional development and cooperation of municipalities and introduces individual methods, which are then applied as part of the analysis of municipalities. The author researched cooperation of municipalities between 2007 and 2020. However, in spite of the results of the graphical analysis, the above-mentioned hypothesis was not confirmed.
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Voskanyan, A. V., and V. V. Lazareva. "UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE BORDER REGION." In RUSSIA AND CHINA: A VECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT. Amur State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/rc.2019.1.22.
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Chernysheva, A. "Problems Of Uneven Development Of The Digital Economy In The Russian Regions." In Proceedings of the II International Scientific Conference GCPMED 2019 - "Global Challenges and Prospects of the Modern Economic Development". European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.03.141.
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ATKOČIŪNIENĖ, Vilma, and Ilona KIAUŠIENĖ. "LITHUANIAN REGIONS BY THE TYPE OF RURAL SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.118.
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Rural areas face constant increase of partially used rural social infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as RSI) facilities, coordination of which shows insufficient level of description and professionalism, functions performed by RSI organisations are not aligned. As a result of a bad situation of rural social infrastructure, small rural areas face with decline. The research aim – having theoretically analysed the factors that determine social infrastructure development, to make the analysis of RSI situation and the analysis of the factors that influence development in Lithuanian rural regions. The following objectives have been solved: analysed theoretically the factors determining the development of the rural social infrastructure; analysed the condition of RSI and the factors influencing upon its development in Lithuanian rural regions. The research methods are the survey and the analysis of the scientific literature, scientific literature systemization, matching and comparison, multiple-criteria statistical data analyses and syntheses, expert evaluation. Integrated RSI condition indicators were calculated for each municipality and compared with indicators established for other municipalities in order to determine the RSI development level of each region. Analysis’ results showed that the sector of communications and telecommunications is valued best, while the sector of protection of persons and property is assessed worst. Bad RSI situation is observed in 35.29 percent Lithuanian municipalities. There is no rural territory, showing perfect level of RSI development. This permits to draw a conclusion about the differences of the situation of the whole infrastructure system and social-economic problems. Problems of territorial and social cohesion are formed due to the uneven RSI development in individual regions/municipalities. Regions/municipalities with poor RSI lags behind the needs of local population are less attractive for investments, settling down, living, resting, such areas show higher unemployment rate, lower disposable incomes of households, residents are forced into a corner, limited sustainable development, and weak local economy.
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Bulimaga, Constantin, Nicolae Bodrug, and Valentina Budeanu. "Unele aspecte ale managementului deșeurilor în Republica Moldova." In Provocări şi tendinţe actuale în cercetarea componentelor naturale şi socio-economice ale ecosistemelor urbane şi rurale. Institute of Ecology and Geography, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53380/9789975891608.26.
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The dynamics of waste generation (according to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, period 2013 - 2018) was evaluated which showed that 41% in the Northern Development Region, the Center Development Region -36% and the South Development Region - 23% from the total amount of waste per republic). According to the Inspectorate of Environmental Protection, on the Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment of the Republic of Moldova during the year 2018, 1,339 municipal landfills were exploited, occupying a total area of 1224 ha. It has been shown that the Republic of Moldova has the legal and normative framework harmonized in the European Union, necessary to ensure the implementation of waste management. For the implementation of a WM, it is necessary to definitively create the infrastructure throughout the territory of the Republic according to the provisions of the Waste Management Strategy, an important element of which is the strict management record: generation, collection, transport, storage, neutralization and capitalization of the quantities of waste.
Reports on the topic "Uneven regional development"
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Mooney, Henry, David Rosenblatt, Cloe Ortiz de Mendívil, Gralyn Frazier, Ariel McCaskie, Victor Gauto, Elton Bollers, Jason Christie, Jeetendra Khadan, and Nazera Abdul-Haqq. Caribbean Quarterly Bulletin: Volume 10: Issue 2, August 2021. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003573.
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For more than a year, the Caribbean economics team at the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) has focused on the potential implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for lives and livelihoods across the region. The pandemic is still with us, but there is hope that the cycles of lockdowns and containment measures will eventually come to an end as vaccination programs progress, even if unevenly, across the region. However, the availability of vaccine supply remains a concern, and the pandemic continues to pose a constraint for the recovery of key sectors such as tourism and local services sectors. This edition of the Caribbean Quarterly Bulletin focuses on two topics: (1) forecasts of key macroeconomic variables, based on the April 2021 WEO, and (2) financial sector risks. In general, regional economies are embarking on a fragile path to recovery. Continued progress with vaccination programs, credible medium-term fiscal programs, and continued attention to financial vulnerabilities will be needed to push that path to recovery forward.
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Komba, Aneth, and Richard Shukia. Accountability Relationships in 3Rs Curriculum Reform Implementation: Implication for Pupils’ Acquisition of Literacy and Numeracy Skills in Tanzania’s Primary Schools. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/065.
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This study responded to one key research question: What are the accountability relationships between the actors in implementing the 3Rs curriculum reform? A qualitative research approach informed the study, using key informant interviews, focus group discussion and document review. The data were analysed using thematic and content analysis. The study established that the key actors in implementing the 3Rs curriculum are the government institutions and the development partners. These actors provide teaching, learning materials and support in the provision of in-service teacher training. Yet, the pupils’ and teachers’ materials prepared by the donor programmes were never authorised by the Commissioner for Education. The study also found that the implementation of the 3Rs was very uneven across the country, with some regions receiving support from both the government and donors, and others receiving support from the government only. Consequently, schools in areas that were exposed to more than one type of support benefited from various teaching and learning materials, which led to confusion regarding when to use them. Moreover, the initiatives by several donors exclusively focus on public schools, which use Kiswahili as the medium of instruction and hence, there existed inequality across the various types of schools. Furthermore, the funds for implementing the reform were provided by both the development partners and the government. The Global Partnership for Education (GPE)—Literacy and Numeracy Education Support (LANES) Program— provided a large proportion of the funds. However, the funds remained insufficient to meet the training needs. As a result, the training was provided for only few days and to a few teachers. Consequently, the sustainability of the reform, in the absence of donor funding, remains largely questionable.
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.
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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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Asian Development Outlook 2021 Update: Transforming Agriculture in Asia. Asian Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/fls210352-3.
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This report forecasts growth in developing Asia of 7.1% in 2021 and 5.4% in 2022 in an uneven recovery caused by divergent growth paths. Its theme chapter explores sustainable agriculture. Growth forecasts are revised up for East Asia and Central Asia from the projections made in April, but down for South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific. This reflects differences in vaccination progress and control of domestic COVID-19 outbreaks but also other factors, including rising commodity prices and depressed tourism. Inflation is expected to remain under control. The main risks to the economic outlook come from the COVID-19 pandemic, including the emergence of new variants, slower-than-expected vaccine rollouts, and waning vaccine effectiveness. Sustainable food production and agricultural systems that are resilient to climate change will be crucial for developing Asia. To transform agriculture in the region, its economies must tackle challenges from changing consumer demand, changing demographics, and a changing and more fragile environment.