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1
Sack, Robert David, and Neil Smith. "Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space." Geographical Review 77, no. 1 (January 1987): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/214692.
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Smith, David M., and Neil Smith. "Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 11, no. 2 (1986): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/622014.
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Carless, Tonia. "Producing space, the confrontation between abstract space and everyday life: ‘I wunder if heaven got a ghetto”." Architectural Research Quarterly 17, no. 2 (June 2013): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135513000493.
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This paper is intended as a contribution to current debates about the changing conditions of urban space and uneven development. It will analyse the functions of the architectural professions in this process and how their productions prefigure the social and economic arrangement of space. It will examine these notions through analysis of Cardiff Bay and will analyse the changes occurring under late capitalism in the shift to Post-Fordist modes of accumulation. While the paper will examine the local space of Cardiff Bay, the analytical ground will be extended to the ongoing restructuring of space under the new global economies at a macro scale.Urban restructuring is most evident in the decentred metropolis of the post-modern city, the new cities for consumption. The growth or collapse of multinational capital needs to be seen as framing the occupation of space, its investment and disinvestment, and as an ongoing process, part of a systematic reprogramming of space that can and should be examined at every stage of its operations.Relocating the economic, political and social into considerations of space means that the paper will also incorporate historical analysis of modes of production and social formations. To consider space as ideological means that transfigured space must also be considered. The paper will therefore raise ideas that are directed towards the transformation of social and political space, and will examine that which identifies Lefebvre's distinction between appropriated and dominated space.
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Winchell, Dick G. "Book Review: Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space." Humanity & Society 11, no. 2 (May 1987): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059768701100212.
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Hall, Billy, and Daniella Santoro. "Learning Race through Place and Time: Critical Geographic Approaches to Antiracist Collaborative Ethnography." Practicing Anthropology 37, no. 4 (September 1, 2015): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/0888-4552-37.4.18.
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In the summer of 2013, as part of an ethnographic methods training program in Tallahassee, Florida, field school students were critically engaged in collaborative participatory research on experiences of race and racism. This article reflects on some of the many connections between race, space, place, and time we saw unfold in Tallahassee and advances a methodology that melds participatory ethnography with critical geographic approaches. Here, we present two cartographic practices through which an ethnographic space was articulated for understanding how social archives of racial histories accumulate over time and are mapped onto urban space. In attending to a palimpsest of racial relations in space and time, we see new potentials for a critical geographic approach to antiracist ethnography. We suggest ethnographers can better research, rewrite, and redress the uneven productions of space by rescaling our investigations into the material and remembered worlds lived by those bound up in racial struggles.
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Paasi, Anssi. "Globalisation, Academic Capitalism, and the Uneven Geographies of International Journal Publishing Spaces." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 5 (May 2005): 769–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3769.
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Geographers have been arguing recently that the idea of what is ‘international’ in this field has been occupied by the hegemonic discourses of Anglo-American geography and journals. This paper takes this lively debate as an indicator of the global challenges facing higher education and research and provides an analysis of the changing conditions of knowledge production, characterised by internationalisation and competition. Knowledge production is governed to an increasing degree through practices based on market-like operations. The author argues that this may lead to the homogenisation of social science publication practices, which are known to be heterogeneous and context dependent. One indicator of this homogenisation is the demand for publishing in international journals that is arising in social sciences and humanities round the world. Both ‘international’ and ‘quality’ are increasingly being connected with the journals noted in the Institute of Scientific Information's (ISI) databases. Starting with an analysis of the changing conditions of knowledge production in general and in human geography in particular, the author scrutinises the spatial patterns of the international journal publishing spaces constituted by the ISI. The results show specific geographies: not only the manner in which the Anglo-American journals dominate the publishing space in science but also how the publishing spaces of the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities are very different. The publication space of social science journals is particularly limited to the English-speaking countries, and this is especially the case with human geography.
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Mosciaro, Mayra, and Alvaro Pereira. "Reinforcing uneven development: The financialisation of Brazilian urban redevelopment projects." Urban Studies 56, no. 10 (March 18, 2019): 2160–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019829428.
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The entrepreneurial city discourse has been adopted around the globe by policymakers, with the urban redevelopment project as one of its most representative symbols. The predominantly favourable discourse revolving around this new political economy of urban space is supported by claims that newly regenerated areas bring multiple benefits to the city and its citizens. These narratives have been used in Brazil to justify increasing reliance on an urban planning tool known as Urban Operations. This planning tool, developed in the 1990s, seeks to facilitate cooperation between public and private actors in the production of new urban spaces. While projected by some as a ‘magic formula’ that enables major urban redevelopment projects without public expenditure, the outcomes of Urban Operations often differ significantly from expectations. The cases of Água Espraiada (São Paulo) and Porto Maravilha (Rio de Janeiro) are used to demonstrate that regenerated areas, as preferred spaces for the penetration of financialised practices into the built environment, have brought forward new dynamics that are serving to reinforce pre-existing social inequalities and to exacerbate uneven development in Brazil’s main cities.
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Sakagami, Kimihiro, Takeshi Okuzono, Hirotaka Suzuki, Nao Koyanagi, and Masahiro Toyoda. "Application of Paper Folding Technique to Three-Dimensional Space Sound Absorber with Permeable Membrane: Case Studies of Trial Productions." International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 25, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2020.25.21657.
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The authors propose a space sound absorber made of a permeable membrane (PM), including woven or non-woven fabrics in three-dimensional shapes, e.g., cylinder, rectangle, etc. The proposed absorbers are examined by experimental measurements and boundary element analyses, and it is found that they can be effectively used especially for middle and high frequencies. In order to develop these absorbers for wider applications, it would be desirable to give them additional values and functions, particularly to elaborate on their design. Supposing that they could also be used for lighting equipment, such as lampshades as one of the applications, pilot studies on pseudo-cylindrical, and pseudo-spherical PM space absorbers with uneven surfaces produced by paper-folding (origami technique) are carried out. The pseudo-cylindrical concave curves (PCCC) shell shape has been proven as a suitable form for a lampshade, and the pseudo-spherical concave curves (PSCC) shell shape is an application of PCCC. In this paper, PCCC and PSCC shell shapes are applied to three-dimensional PM space absorbers, and trials are conducted using PMs selected by flow resistance measurements and preliminary simulations. The sound absorptivity of the specimens is measured in a reverberation chamber, and their absorptivity is 0.6 (PCCC case) and 0.4 (PSCC case) at mid-high frequencies.
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Das, Raju J. "David Harvey’s theory of uneven geographical development: A Marxist critique." Capital & Class 41, no. 3 (January 6, 2017): 511–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816816678584.
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The Marxist geographer, David Harvey, has written extensively and influentially about the production of space under capitalism and, in particular, uneven geographical development. This article is a Marxist critique of Harvey’s theory of uneven geographical development. It presents his theory around six interconnected theses: spatial concentration thesis, spatial dispersal thesis, surplus absorption or spatial fix thesis, uneven geographical development-as-ideology thesis, the uneven geographical development and the state connection thesis, and uneven geographical development–associated political thesis. His theory has shed light on certain aspects of the internal relation between capitalist accumulation and uneven geographical development, giving due emphasis to uneven geographical development’s contradictory character. It is, however, problematic on multiple grounds. It under-stresses the class relation, including the value-relation, between capital and labour, and correlatively fetishizes the power of spatial relations. While Harvey connects uneven geographical development to capitalist crisis, his theory of crisis is deeply inadequate. His theory also fails to systematically integrate the insights of state theory into it, and to the extent that the state is present, its essential class character remains under-emphasized. Finally, Harvey draws some conclusions about anti-capitalist political practice from his theory of uneven geographical development which are problematic from a Marxist vantage point. In particular, his view of the concept of the proletariat in Marxism and his scepticism towards the role of the proletariat in the fight against capital are contestable.
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Pitas, John-Henry, and Mariya Shcheglovitova. "Discourses, bodies, and the production of space: Challenging the (re)production of more-than-human deathscapes." Human Geography 12, no. 2 (July 2019): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861901200202.
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This paper explores the production of urban spaces as deathscapes, or spaces that are defined by death. We probe the ways in which these spaces are produced by the material content of the spaces themselves, and the discursive representations of those spaces found in popular media. We take as our empirical starting point personal encounters with dead animal bodies in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies, we juxtapose personal experiences with death in the city with popular representations of Baltimore, as well as a spatial analysis of the geographies of non-human death. Using mixed methodologies, we tease out and highlight the ways in which death, dying, bodies, and violence are used to produce urban deathscapes. Our analysis shows how the production of death and deathscapes are inherently uneven spatial processes, which work in tandem to (re)produce certain spaces as deadly. Furthermore, we illustrate how these spaces are produced in part by discourse, politics, representation, and the material presence of non-human death, challenging what we might think of as being capable of producing space, and broadening the concept of deathscapes. Ultimately we conclude that producing urban spaces as deadly is a means by which capital seeks to reproduce itself, and, through harnessing the power of the non-human dead to produce space, utilize nature to produce new forms of urban capital.
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Browett, John. "Book Review: Uneven Development: Nature, Capital and the Production of Space, Regions in Question: Space, Development Theory and Regional Policy." Progress in Human Geography 9, no. 4 (December 1985): 618–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913258500900419.
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Kitchin, Rob, and Karen Lysaght. "Heterosexism and the Geographies of Everyday Life in Belfast, Northern Ireland." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 35, no. 3 (March 2003): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3538.
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In this paper we seek to extend work on the relationship between sexuality, space, and society by providing a nuanced geographical reading of the sexual production of space in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Utilising queer theory, we draw from interviews with thirty gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender individuals to illustrate how the discursive and material practices that shape the regulation, self-regulation, and resistance of heterosexism are spatially, temporally, and contextually uneven and unequal. Focusing on the spatial arenas of home, work, and social space we document how each space is produced and experienced in multiple ways, and managed using a variety of sociospatial strategies.
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Taylor, Nick. "Theorising capitalist diversity: The uneven and combined development of labour forms." Capital & Class 38, no. 1 (February 2014): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816813513091.
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This article seeks to elaborate a framework for the study of diversity in forms of labour using Trotsky’s theory of uneven and combined development (UCD). It argues that labour markets are constituted by systemic processes of capital accumulation and uneven development in the global economy, but that these processes have highly differentiated outcomes in terms of the forms of labour that have historically emerged within and across national boundaries. Exploring some of the neglected elements of different forms of labour, including non-waged labour, the article demonstrates how we might conceptualise the way in which combinations of labour forms exist within any given space of the world economy. Using the examples of both internal and transnational migration, it argues that charting the social and spatial relations of production, and the labouring experiences and forms of worker politics associated with them, is an effective way of understanding the constitution and restructuring of different forms of labour.
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Delgado Ramos, Gian. "Real Estate Industry as an Urban Growth Machine: A Review of the Political Economy and Political Ecology of Urban Space Production in Mexico City." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 3, 2019): 1980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11071980.
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Cities concentrate the means of production, wealth, political power, infrastructure, educational institutions, and a relevant share of our cultural heritage. As such, they are seen as places of opportunities. Contemporary urbanization, however, being central to the accumulation of capital, has also escalated environmental problems that are usually suffered by the urban poor due to an uneven production of urban space. Mexico City is not an exception. It has mainly expanded through a lively auto-construction process and, more recently, under the incentive of a speculative urban development. The first trend reinforces the informal housing sector, in certain cases, involving significant environmental implications such as the degradation of land of ecological value. The second trend responds to capital accumulation dynamics, promoting urban renewal in central areas or where a greater potential rent-gap exists, underpinning the uneven production of urban space, and usually withholding most of its related socioenvironmental impacts. This paper focusses on this second process. It assesses the so-called “urban growth machine” in action, its socioecological impacts, and related contestation processes. With that in mind and after a general introduction and a brief description of urban development in Mexico, the real estate industry in Mexico City is evaluated in terms of the potential ecological implications of the building stock expansion from 2012 to 2018. A spatial distribution analysis of contestation processes, correlated to such urban expansion, is presented as well. The case study confirms what has been learned in other locations of the Global South, where a contradictory and uneven process of urban development has also been experienced under the stimulus of capital speculation. The paper, however, offers a novel approach by bringing together urban political economy, industrial ecology and urban political ecology analytical tools. Such hybridization, it is argued, enables a more comprehensive understanding of contemporary urbanization and its socioenvironmental impacts, which in turn is central to any effort for urban transformation.
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Hu, Yunpeng, Ziyun Cheng, Wei Ding, Xiaoling Zhang, Liangchao Qu, Chunliu Sun, Penghui Su, and Wenqi Zhang. "Rate Decline Analysis of Horizontal Wells with Multiple Variable Conductivity and Uneven Distributed Fractures." Geofluids 2020 (November 20, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8854307.
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In this paper, a new rate decline analysis model of horizontal wells with variable conductivity and uneven distribution of multiple fractures is proposed. By Laplace transformation, point source integration, and superposition principle, solutions of multiple infinite conductivity fractures in closed reservoirs are obtained. By coupling Fredholm integral equation of variable conductivity, linear equations of variable conductivity fractures in Laplace space are obtained. Gauss-Newton iteration, Duhamel convolution, and Stehfest numerical inversion method are used to obtain the bottom hole production solution. The accuracy of the results is verified by comparing with Eclipse software simulation. Then, the influence of some important reservoir and fracture parameters on the production is analyzed. The calculative results show that the smaller the fracture spacing is, the earlier the fracture begins to decline, the more the production will decrease; the change of different fracture length with the total fracture length unchanged has almost no effect on the production; the angle between fracture and x -axis has an important effect on the production; the smaller the angle between fracture and x -axis is, the stronger the interference between fractures is, the higher the production; the initial fracture conductivity affects the early production behavior, and the higher the initial fracture conductivity, the higher the production; the larger the fracture declines index, the lower the production, but the decreasing range gradually decreases with the increase of the decline index; the larger the reservoir drainage radius, the later the energy depletion stage, the higher the production. At last, a good fitting effect is obtained by fitting an example of oil field. The model proposed in this paper enriches the model base of rate decline analysis of fractured horizontal wells and lays a theoretical foundation for efficient development and practice of tight reservoirs.
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Palat Narayanan, Nipesh, and René Véron. "Informal production of the city: Momos, migrants, and an urban village in Delhi." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 36, no. 6 (May 8, 2018): 1026–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775818771695.
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This paper attempts to understand the production of the city through informality. In particular, informal practices related to the momo (dumpling) industry, concentrated in the “urban village” of Chirag Dilli, are analysed in their dialectic relationship with formal planning and legislation in Delhi. We use a Lefebvrian framework that views city-making as an interaction of formal representations in the form of master plans, etc., informal and formal spatial practices (including momo production and living patterns) and representational (imagined) spaces related to neighbourhoods and the city. Drawing on primary qualitative data, we examine how informality informed the formal planning. The uneven application of state legislation, in turn, fostered particular informal practices (such as momo manufacturing) and the emergence of a distinct urban morphology and of new cohabitation practices. The informal momo industry also altered the representational associations made with both the Chirag Dilli neighbourhood and the city of Delhi. The paper shows how informal practices constantly interact with formal frameworks to co-produce urban space and consequently the city. We argue that informal practices are not necessarily in conflict with formal planning or subverting it, but that they play a central role in their own right for the production of space.
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Ye, Chao, Mingxing Chen, Jinjun Duan, and Dongyang Yang. "Uneven development, urbanization and production of space in the middle-scale region based on the case of Jiangsu province, China." Habitat International 66 (August 2017): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.05.013.
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Bosmans, Claire, Racha Daher, and Viviana D’Auria. "Recording Permanence and Ephemerality in the North Quarter of Brussels: Drawing at the Intersection of Time, Space, and People." Urban Planning 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i2.2753.
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Lying in the Senne River Valley, the North Quarter of Brussels is a physical record of spatial transformations unevenly distributed over time. Waves of developments and unfinished plans colonized its original landscape structure, erasing, writing, and re-writing it with large-scale metropolitan projects and transportation systems, around which an industrial and urban fabric developed. Accumulated expansions left an assemblage of incomplete infrastructures in which a multi-faceted and highly identifiable quarter lies punctuated by weakly defined morphological mismatches. At the center of this diverse and mutilated fabric, Maximilien Park stands as pars pro toto. From a combination of research methods that includes ethnographic fieldwork and interpretative mapping, three drawings are overlaid with the moving dimensions of space, time, and people, and assembled in a reinterpreted triptych to investigate the production of that public space. The first panel “Traces” overlaps lost urban logics and remaining traces on the urban tissue. The second panel “Cycles” traces the uneven deconstruction of the North Quarter during the last century, identifying scars of its past. The third panel “Resignifications” focuses on recent events in the area, examining how people have appropriated and transformed the park since 2015. With this triptych, the article aims to re-interpret the palimpsest of the North Quarter, represent the area’s transforming character, and unravel a spatial reading of the lived experiences of the place through time.
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Luo, Wei, Julia Adams, and Hannah Brueckner. "The Ladies Vanish?" Comparative Sociology 17, no. 5 (August 30, 2018): 519–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341471.
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AbstractMany notable female sociologists have vanished from the canonical history of American sociology. As the most influential crowd-sourced encyclopedia, Wikipedia promises – but does not necessarily deliver – a democratic corrective to the generation of knowledge, including academic knowledge. This article explores multiple mechanisms by which women either enter or disappear from the disciplinary record by analyzing the unfolding interaction between the canonical disciplinary history of sociology and Wikipedia. We argue that the uneven representation of women sociologists as (1) remembered, (2) neglected, (3) erased or, finally, (4) recovered is shaped by the emerging interactional space of knowledge production.
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Pavlínek, Petr. "Geographical Scale in Anglo-American Geography." Geografie 99, no. 3 (1994): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1994099030189.
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The last decade witnessed important developments in the theory of geographical scale in Anglo-American geography. After a brief summary of scale issues in geography, this essay focuses on two theoretical debates around the question of geographical scale. The first theoretical approach is the political economy of scale developed by P. Taylor and is based on Wallerstein's world systems theory. The second approach has been proposed by N. Smith and is theoretically grounded in the theory of uneven development and Lefebvre's ideas about the production of space. Based on these two theoretical debates, the last section draws some implications for the study of transition in Central and Eastern Europe.
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Aufseeser, Dena. "Challenging conceptions of young people as urban blight: Street children and youth’s ambiguous relationship with urban revitalization in Lima, Peru." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 50, no. 2 (November 16, 2017): 310–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17742155.
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Government officials, city planners and elites frequently position young people, especially street children and youth, as detrimental to revitalization, contributing to urban blight and needing removal. Through an examination of urban change in Lima, Peru, this article challenges the assumption that street children and youth exclusively detract from urban revitalization. Although many young people have been negatively affected by Lima’s revitalization, I argue that conflict does not tell the whole story. Street children and youths’ reactions are often more ambiguous than many assume, and young people may even be central to some efforts to improve urban space. Further, an examination of street children and youths’ informal and formal efforts to negotiate public space reveals the importance of relationships to perceptions of urban change and the success of various urban revitalization efforts. Such relationships are often overlooked in binaries that represent street children and youth as either a problem or, less typically, the solution. Instead, this research indicates the need for a more nuanced understanding of young peoples’ relationship with the uneven production of urban space.
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NOVAK, DAVID. "2·5×6 metres of space: Japanese music coffeehouses and experimental practices of listening." Popular Music 27, no. 1 (December 13, 2007): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143008001517.
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AbstractThis article describes a specific history of technological mediation in the circulation of popular music by examining local practices of listening to recordings in Japanese kissaten (often shortened to kissa and meaning, loosely, ‘coffeehouse’). In postwar music kissaten, Japanese listeners were socialised to recordings of foreign music through new modes of hyper-attentive listening. While jazz kissa (though famous as crucibles for radical pro-democracy politics and the explosion of modern urban cool in post-war Japanese cities) encouraged local listeners to develop musical appreciation through the stylistic classification of distant recorded sources, later experimental music kissa helped forge unique local performance scenes by disturbing received modes of generic classification in favour of ‘Noise’. I recount the emergence of a genre called ‘Noise’ in the story of a 1970s Kyoto ‘free’ kissa Drugstore, whose countercultural clientele came to represent ‘Noise’ as a new musical style in its transnational circulation during the 1990s. This ethnographic history presents the music kissa as a complicated translocal site that articulates the cultural marginality of Japanese popular music reception in an uneven global production; but which also helps to develop virtuosic experimental practices of listening through which imported recordings are recontextualised, renamed and recreated.
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Logan, John R. "Uneven Development: Nature, Capital, and the Production of Space. By Neil Smith (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984. xv, 198 p. $34.95, cloth; $11.95, paper)." American Political Science Review 81, no. 2 (June 1987): 694–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962053.
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Aguilar Lucato, Ramón. "La producción desigual de la morfología urbana madrileña = The uneven production of the urban morphology in Madrid." Territorios en formación, no. 17 (July 18, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2020.17.4487.
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ResumenSe analiza la impronta morfológica actual de la histórica producción desigual del espacio urbano madrileño. Se eligieron quince muestras de tejidos urbanos, tres en cada una de las clases morfológicas discutidas por Rodríguez-Tarduchy (2011), representativas de las innovaciones que se han generado en los modos de producir las grandes ciudades españolas. Cada tejido se localiza en una realidad socioeconómica en el marco de su clase morfológica (inferior, intermediaria y superior). La investigación se basó en el análisis de seis indicadores y posibilitó conclusiones cuantitativas sobre los cambios en los modos de diseñarse la ciudad en la medida que esta se expandía e innovaciones urbanísticas eran incorporadas a su trazado; y sobre las variaciones en la forma en una misma clase morfológica, pero en distintos contextos sociales. Con la ayuda del Diagrama Spacemate, se cuantificaron dos agrupamientos bien definidos y opuestos, confirmando la progresiva producción de una ciudad dual, es decir, densa en los tejidos más antiguos y difusa en las nuevas periferias.AbstractThis work verifies how the historical uneven production of Madrid's urban space is reflected in the present. Fifteen urban fabrics samples were chosen, three in each of the morphological classes discussed by Rodríguez-Tarduchy (2011), representative of the innovations that have been generated in the ways of producing large Spanish cities. Each fabric is located in a socioeconomic reality within the framework of its morphological class (lower, intermediate and upper). The research was based on the analysis of six indicators and made possible quantitative conclusions on the changes in the trends of designing the city as it expanded and urban innovations were incorporated into its layout; and on variations in urban form within the same morphological class, but in different social contexts. With the help of the Spacemate Diagram, two well-defined and opposite groupings were quantified, confirming the progressive production of a dual city, dense in the oldest fabrics and diffuse in the new peripheries.
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Nogueira, Mara. "Preserving the (right kind of) city: The urban politics of the middle classes in Belo Horizonte, Brazil." Urban Studies 57, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 2163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019872167.
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Since re-democratisation, Brazil has experienced a slow but continuous process of urban reform, with the introduction of legal and institutional developments that favour participatory democracy in urban policy. Legal innovations such as the City Statute have been celebrated for expanding the ‘right to the city’ to marginalised populations. While most studies examine the struggles of the urban poor, I focus on middle-class citizens, showing how such legal developments have unevenly affected the ways in which different social groups are able to impact the production of urban space. The two cases explored in this study concern residents’ struggles to preserve their middle-class neighbourhoods against change triggered by projects related to the hosting of the 2014 World Cup in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The first looks at the Musas Street residents’ fight against the construction of a luxury hotel in their neighbourhood, while the second examines the Pampulha residents’ struggle against the presence of street vendors and football fans in their streets. My findings show that through the articulation of legal discourses, middle-class claims on the need for preserving the environment and the city’s cultural heritage are legitimised by the actions of the local state. The article thus looks beyond neoliberalism, showing that socio-spatial segregation and inequality should not be regarded solely as the product of state–capital alliances for engendering capital accumulation through spatial restructuring, but also as the result of the uneven capacities of those living in the city to access the state resources and legitimise certain forms of inhabitance of urban space.
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Wilson, Helen F. "Contact zones: Multispecies scholarship throughImperial Eyes." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 2, no. 4 (July 25, 2019): 712–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619862191.
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The contact zone is described as the space of imperial encounter. Against a backdrop of work that has used Mary Louise Pratt's concept of the contact zone to examine culture-making, and destabilize normative understandings of division, distinction, and bordering, the paper interrogates the value of utilizing the concept in multispecies contexts. To do so, the paper considers the relationship between the contact zone and the concept of encounter, noting how they overlap and depart as approaches to questioning embodied difference, colonial histories, and immanent potential. Turning to the BBC documentary series Blue Planet II, the paper uses the concept of the contact zone and discourse analysis to examine its dominant ideas, frontiers of difference, and the means through which alternative geographies are both foreclosed and enabled. It demonstrates how the concept of the contact zone can draw attention to the ocean as the documentary's site of production, where different forms of knowledge, technology, people, elements, and non-human life grapple with each other in conditions of uneven power. In moving between narrative and oceanic contact zones, the paper raises questions about practices of knowledge-making, uneven structures of power, and decipherability, to demonstrate what can be gained from staying with the postcolonial framing of the contact zone as a critical tool of analysis in multispecies scholarship.
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NYGREN, ANJA. "Socially Differentiated Urban Flood Governance in Mexico: Ambiguous Negotiations and Fragmented Contestations." Journal of Latin American Studies 48, no. 2 (August 28, 2015): 335–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x15001170.
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AbstractCities around the world are developing new ways of governing risks and vulnerabilities. In the new flood-governance measures, technological risk-prevention is linked to programmes of social resilience and cultural adaptation. By focusing on the catastrophic floods in the city of Villahermosa, Mexico, this article argues that new flood-governance strategies rely on complicated forms of neoliberal governance, in which flood governance is turned into a matter of adaptation and self-responsibilisation, while scant attention is paid to the socio-spatial distribution of vulnerabilities. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in three socially differentiated neighbourhoods of Villahermosa, this article demonstrates how flood-governance strategies and the residents' responses to them vary across the city and how the production of flood risk is connected to the uneven production of urban space. The institutional acts of governing aim to render certain population groups governable, whilst being unable to eradicate dispersed contestation efforts.
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GAŁGANEK, Andrzej. "Życie międzynarodowe rzeczy. Przedmioty luksusu i codziennego użytku w społecznej historii stosunków międzynarodowych." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 7–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2011.16.3.1.
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The paper discusses the potential of objects, broadly understood luxury ‘items’ and necessities, in order to present uneven and combined development as the foundation of the social history of international relations. The author evidences that this approach to ‘objects’ allows us to achieve, at the very least, the following: (1) to observe the single social world which emerges after the division into ‘internal’ and ‘international’ is rejected; (2) to ‘touch’ the international outside the realm that the science of international relations usually associates with international politics; (3) to examine the social history of international relations, abandoning the approach that dominates in traditional historiography where production processes are privileged over consumption processes; (4) to demonstrate how human activities create internationalism. Discussing apparently different processes related to the international life of broadly understood ‘objects’, such as African giraffes, Kashmiri shawls, silk, the importance of English items for the inhabitants of Mutsamudu, or the opera Madame Butterfly the author identifies similar patterns which, although sometimes concealed, demonstrate the consequences of uneven and combined development for the social history of international relations. Prestige goods express affluence, success and power. They are usually objects manufactured from imported raw materials or materials, with limited distribution, which require a significant amount of labor or advanced technology to create. In contrast to everyday necessities, owing to their high value, prestige goods are exchanged over long distances through networks established by the elite. The analysis of manufacturing, exchange and social contexts related to prestige goods constitutes a significant source for understanding the social history of international relations. The examples in the paper present control over these goods as a source of political power. The control of raw materials, production and distribution of prestige goods is perceived as key to maintaining hierarchical social systems. Objects are inescapably related to ideas and practices. Uneven and combined development leads to meetings between people and objects, either opening or closing the space, allowing for their transfer and domestication, or rejection and destruction respectively. Concentration on the analyses of objects outside of modernization models or comparisons between civilizations and the conscious narrowing of perspective offers a tool with a heuristic potential which is interesting in the context of international relations. Comparative observation of objects (‘single’ elements of reality) via cultures undergoing uneven and combined development protects us from historiographic western exceptionalism. It also shows that the division between the ‘internal’ and ‘international’ unjustifiably splits the social world and makes it impossible to understand.
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Merklein, Marion, Daniel Junker, Adam Schaub, Anne Kretschmer, and Michael Lechner. "Development of a New Method for Producing Plane Expanded Metal by Laser Cutting and Forming of Metal Plates under Uniaxial Tension." Key Engineering Materials 639 (March 2015): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.639.131.
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The on-going trend to lightweight construction leads to a special focus on plane lattice structures as an alternative for solid metal plates. They demonstrate similar mechanical properties while taking up only a fraction of the normal material input and are thus economically favourable. Additionally, they fulfil functional and design aspects and therefore are used by several industries like the automobile. Nevertheless, the two most common types of lattice structures – perforated metal plates and expended metal plates – are either waste intensive or uneven and hence require additional rolling of the metal plate.Therefore, within this contribution a new and innovative approach for the production of plane lattice structures will be presented. The manufacturing process thereby consists of two steps. At first, a specially designed pattern is cut into metal plates via a laser. Subsequently, the plates are formed under uniaxial tension to realize the lattice structures. Based on the cutting length, cutting space and the row space different blanks with tailored lattice structures can be produced. From the experimental results first guidelines for the design of suitable patterns are derived. The investigations will be performed with precipitation hardenable aluminium AA6014.
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Gough, Jamie. "The difference between local and national capitalism, and why local capitalisms differ from one another: A Marxist approach." Capital & Class 38, no. 1 (February 2014): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816813514211.
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This paper develops a notion of ‘local capitalisms’. Starting from a particular, Marxist theorisation of capitalism and of the state, local capitalism is analysed as a nexus of production, reproduction of people, and the state within a locality. The latter construct, and are constructed by, specific relations of class, gender, ethnicity and age, themselves internally related. On this basis one can specify the ‘vertical difference’ of local from national capitalisms. Combined and uneven development leads to both commonalities and differentiation between localities, enabling us to understand the nature and origins of ‘horizontal’ differences between local capitalisms. Both capitalism and the state are understood as riven by contradictions, some centrally involving space, place and scale. Consequent disruptions to local capitalisms, and the bases for local struggle by the oppressed and exploited, are discussed. The paper concludes by reflecting on the differences between my theorisation and mainstream approaches to ‘comparative capitalisms’.
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Santos, Luiz Eduardo Neves dos. "Estratégias do capital na produção do espaço urbano: o processo de verticalização e as desigualdades socioespaciais em São Luís, Maranhão Strategies of capital in the production of urban space (...)." Caderno de Geografia 25, no. 44 (July 30, 2015): 191–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2015v25n44p191.
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A compreensão das formas de produção do espaço urbano no município de São Luís, com ênfase no processo de urbanização, verticalização e desigualdades socioespaciais constitui o objetivo primacial deste artigo. De início, apresenta-se uma discussão sobre as contradições do espaço urbano e também sobre as categorias teóricas “verticalização” e “desigualdades socioespaciais”, para logo após se fazer uma breve abordagem sobre a produção do espaço urbano de São Luís. Por fim, o artigo faz uma abordagem analítica sobre as transformações decorrentes da produção do espaço urbano de São Luís pelas estratégias do capital a partir da interpretação crítica dos dados dos Censos de 2000 e 2010 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE, de dados relativos aos investimentos estatais na área da habitação e da sua legislação urbanística. A inserção dos empreendimentos verticais na cidade pela produção do espaço urbano e a consequente expansão da propriedade privada, aparecem como elementos de uma contradição fundamental, que separa grupos sociais dominantes de grupos sociais dominados em uma cidade visivelmente fragmentada e desigual.Palavras-Chave: Espaço urbano; Verticalização; Desigualdades socioespaciais; Capital; São Luís. AbstractThe Understanding the forms of production of urban space in São Luís, with emphasis on urbanization, socio-spatial inequalities and verticalization process is the substantial purpose of this article. At first, we present a discussion of the contradictions of urban space and also on the theoretical categories "vertical" and "socio-spatial inequalities", soon after making a brief overview on the production of urban space of São Luís. Finally, the article makes an analytical approach to changes resulting from the production of urban space of São Luís by the strategies of capital from the critical interpretation of the data of Census 2000 and 2010 the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE, data on state investments in housing and its planning legislation. The vertical integration of enterprises in the city for the production of urban space and the consequent expansion of private property, appear as elements of a fundamental contradiction which separates dominant social groups social groups dominated in a visibly fragmented and uneven city. Keywords: Urban space; Verticalization; Socio-spatial inequalities; Capital; São Luís.
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Gu, Li Zhi, Peng Li, and Tie Ming Xiang. "The Optimal Design of Composite Bead Wire Saw Frame Based on SUMT." Key Engineering Materials 620 (August 2014): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.620.282.
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Composite (multiple) bead wire is an important machine for stone-sheet production with efficiency, but it takes up space, with big energy consumption, uneven thickness, and noise. The current study aims at optimal designing a bead saw with energy-, material-saving, and being light in weight under the constraint of the strength, stiffness and stability for the frame. A 140 rope saw, as a prototype and one of the applications, discussion of two main frames were done with the layouts consisting of the driving wheel, guide wheel, and the supporting wheels from a variety of structural Patterns. By comparison between the triangular and rectangular layouts, a conclusion was drawn that under the condition of all other things being equal, rectangular layout is more reasonable; each wire is supposed to be adjusted for the uniformity of tension of the whole wires. The objective function was taken as the sum of the mass expression of each component of the frame with a series of punishing factors. The hollow structure of double columns with guide grooves and special beams were got, achieving design goals.
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Ramsey, Kevin. "A Call for Agonism: GIS and the Politics of Collaboration." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 40, no. 10 (October 2008): 2346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a4028.
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This paper examines the increasing use of geographic information systems (GIS) to support the project of ‘collaborative’ planning. Specifically, I explore the ways in which the use of GIS in collaborative planning programs works to counteract and/or reproduce patterns of marginalization always present in local political struggles. Through a review of the literature and an analysis of a case study of the use of GIS in rural water resource management, I argue that the discourse and practices of collaboration can often lead to a problematic depoliticization of GIS. Furthermore, I show how this depoliticization can normalize both uneven power dynamics and the marginalization of alternative and oppositional perspectives. I employ this case study as a backdrop to propose an alternative practice of participatory GIS motivated by Mouffe's notion of ‘agonistic pluralism’. This practice of agonistic participatory GIS is designed to foreground, rather than obscure, the politics of spatial knowledge production by explicitly juxtaposing alternative understandings of space and spatial problems. I conclude by discussing the importance of this work to the critical and participatory GIS research agendas.
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Geczy, Attila, Daniel Nagy, Balazs Illes, Laszlo Fazekas, Oliver Krammer, and David Busek. "Studying heat transfer on inclined printed circuit boards during vapour phase soldering." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 29, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-11-2016-0029.
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Purpose The paper aims to present an investigation of heating during vapour phase soldering (VPS) on inclined printed circuit board (PCB) substrates. The PCB is a horizontal rectangular plate from the aspect of filmwise condensation with a given inclination setting. Design/methodology/approach The paper focuses on the measurement of temperature distribution on the PCBs with a novel setup immersed in the saturated vapour space. The measuring instrumentation is optimized to avoid and minimize vapour perturbing effects. Findings The inhomogeneity of the heating is presented according to the lateral dimensions of the PCB. The inclination improves temperature uniformity, improves heat transfer efficiency; however, a minor misalignment may affect the flow and result in uneven heating. Practical implications The results can be implemented for practical improvements in industrial ovens with the use of intended inclination. The improvements may consequently point to more efficient production and better joint quality. Originality/value The novel method can be used for deeper investigation of inclination during and can be complemented with numerical calculations. The results highlight the importance of precise PCB holding instrumentation in VPS ovens.
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Kilimani, Nicholas, Jan van Heerden, and Heinrich Bohlmann. "Water resource accounting for Uganda: use and policy relevancy." Water Policy 18, no. 1 (June 23, 2015): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.035.
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This paper uses the system of economic and environmental accounting for water to demonstrate how the water sector interacts with the social-economic sectors of the economy. Furthermore, it reviews the existing institutional and policy framework in Uganda, and proposes an analytical framework which can be used to provide sound inter-sectoral planning in order to achieve sustainable water resource use. The proposed framework also articulates how outcomes of water policies and social-economic policies can be analyzed. In Uganda, the uneven distribution of water resources both in space and time, poses constraints to economic activity particularly in the water-scarce regions of the country. The problem is being exacerbated by the increasingly erratic rainfall and rising temperatures. The accounting results show that the current level of water use within the economy is less than the available quantity. In this regard, there is room for the development of mechanisms to increase its utilization. This would serve to mitigate the scarcity especially of water for production which primarily emanates from climate variability. This in turn affects the performance of the economy, as key sectors such as agriculture are rainfall-dependent.
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Ahn, Ji-Hyun, and Tien-wen Lin. "The politics of apology: The ‘Tzuyu Scandal’ and transnational dynamics of K-pop." International Communication Gazette 81, no. 2 (October 4, 2018): 158–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048518802947.
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This article examines how transnational cultural flows such as K-pop create intensified regional dynamics and conflicts by looking at a specific case called the ‘Tzuyu incident’. A young Taiwanese member, Chou Tzuyu, of the K-pop girl band TWICE apologized for waving a Republic of China’s flag on a Korean TV show in an apology video released on JYP Entertainment’s official YouTube channel. The video soon went viral among K-pop fans around the globe, especially in Taiwan, China, and Korea, creating a transnational discursive space that vividly captures the complex dynamics among various actors such as the local media, the transnational entertainment corporation, fans, as well as the artists. Through a close inspection of the apology video made by Tzuyu and JYP entertainment, as well as the responses generated in China and Taiwan, this article examines the complicated power dynamics of a variety of players involved in the production and consumption of K-pop. The article argues that geopolitics in the Tzuyu incident is manifested in gendered narratives, showing the uneven power relations between the entertainment company, consumers, and the artist as well as that between China and Taiwan.
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Katz, Cindi. "The Angel of Geography." Progress in Human Geography 42, no. 5 (May 17, 2017): 723–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132517708844.
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Contemporary capitalism is in the throes of crises precipitated by over-accumulation and the effects of decades of privatization, commodification, and financialization, each sieved through the other. The angel of geography is conjured to mark these crises on the grounds of everyday life. Their profound and uneven consequences for the present and future, seen in the shifting discourses and material social practices around children and childhood, call for redress. This piece builds upon my ongoing project, ‘childhood as spectacle’, to examine what is at stake in the accomplishment of social reproduction – and its failures – in turbulent times and heterogeneous spaces. Looking closely at the ways aspirations for the future are defined, managed, reached, and deferred in and through the family and schools, I take stock of contemporary social reproduction and its anxieties. Drawing on three popular and contradictory cultural productions, the films Race to Nowhere and Waiting for Superman, and the best-selling book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother by Amy Chua, I will address some of the ways the lives and wellbeing of some children – middle-class and wealthier children – have been fetishized while others – the vast majority of children – suffer the consequences of a disinvested public sphere and a radically reduced social wage. As the sense of precariousness stemming from the financial crises of the past decade widens and infiltrates everyday life more deeply, this situation becomes more acute. In this context, aspiration and its management can be framed as a cultural politics ripe for unpacking; a structure of feeling whose drives and effects may illuminate the present as a political moment.
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Dmitrienko, Vladimir, Stanislav Мaslennikov, and Аleksandr Bogomzov. "Research of filter materials for dust fractioning." E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128405011.
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A special place in air pollution with dust emissions is occupied by the production of building materials, using large quantities of dispersed mineral substances as aggregates. The article is devoted to the study of hazardous dust fractions emission when assessing the dustiness of the working area for the production of concrete and reinforced concrete products, since the specific location and operation of the equipment complex is characterized by uneven dust formation in space and time. This reduces the efficiency of the aspiration systems. Based on the analysis of methods and means for assessing dustiness, the use of the gravimetric method is justified, however, to assess the content of the most dangerous dust particles for the human body with a size of 2.5 to 10 microns, a size separation of particles is required. Non-woven synthetic filter materials of various thick-nesses and densities are investigated. It is proposed to carry out sampling in blocks with three filters from different filter materials. The studies were carried out with the help of a specially made portable complex. The most effective filter materials were determined with the help of microscopic analysis. The conducted calibration of the blower performance with an assessment of the measurement accuracy showed relatively small errors in the air sampling, which confirms the feasibility of assessing the dustiness of the filter blocks.
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Marks, Danny. "An urban political ecology of Bangkok's awful traffic congestion." Journal of Political Ecology 27, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 732–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23604.
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Urban political ecology (UPE) can contribute important insights to examine traffic congestion, a significant social and environmental problem underexplored in UPE. Specifically, by attending to power relations, the production of urban space, and cultural practices, UPE can help explain why traffic congestions arises and persists but also creates inequalities in terms of environmental impacts and mobility. Based on qualitative research conducted in 2018, the article applies a UPE framework to Bangkok, Thailand, which has some of the world's worst congestion in one of the world's most unequal countries. The city's largely unplanned and uneven development has made congestion worse in a number of ways. Further, the neglect of public transport, particularly the bus system, and the highest priority given to cars has exacerbated congestion but also reflects class interests as well as unequal power relations. Governance shortcomings, including fragmentation, institutional inertia, corruption, and frequent changes in leadership, have also severely hindered state actors to address congestion. However, due to the poor's limited power, solutions to congestion, are post-political and shaped by elite interests. Analyses of congestion need to consider how socio-political relations, discourses, and a city's materiality shape outcomes.Key Words: urban transport governance, Bangkok traffic congestion, urban political ecology, Thailand political economy, Bangkok's bus system
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Morton, Stephen. "Capital Accumulation and Debt Colonialism After Rosa Luxemburg." New Formations 94, no. 94 (March 1, 2018): 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf:94.06.2018.
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In The Accumulation of Capital (1913), Rosa Luxemburg offers a sophisticated account of the foundational role of colonialism in the development and expansion of the capitalist world system. By interrogating the blind spots in Marx's account of capitalist political economy, Luxemburg emphasises the importance of 'non-capitalist strata and countries' in the production of surplus value. Crucial to Luxemburg's re-thinking of capitalist political economy, in other words, was the accumulation and dispossession of non-capitalist societies on the periphery of the world economy. Beginning with an assessment of Luxemburg's central thesis in The Accumulation of Capital , this article proceeds to suggest that Luxemburg's analysis of imperialism has important and far-reaching consequences for understanding contemporary formations of capital accumulation and debt colonialism in the postcolonial world. What's more, Luxemburg's reflections on primitive communism and the challenge this posed to the universalising historical narrative of bourgeois political economy offer an important counterpoint to the predominant conceptualisation of the world as an abstract space for the uneven and unequal circulation of capital and commodities. By reading Luxemburg's writings on primitive communism against the grain of her writings on imperialism and debt colonialism in The Accumulation of Capital, I suggest in conclusion that Luxemburg's writing offers a valuable contribution to contemporary accounts of the commons.
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Carrión, Andrea. "Megaprojects and the Restructuring of Urban Governance." Latin American Perspectives 43, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x15579900.
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Urban megaprojects are contentious sites in the politics and restructuring of local governance. In Ecuador, the state supported entrepreneurial urban governance under neoliberal administrations, and the “post-neoliberal” governments continue to employ an entrepreneurial approach to urban infrastructures. Building urban megaprojects does not mean building inclusive territories, as large investments divert attention from everyday practices to politically motivated disputes and reinforce uneven spatial development. The case of the Quito international airport illustrates the tensions in the production of space, the socio-spatial externalities, and the rescaling of the power relations between actors under different political regimes. Los megaproyectos urbanos son espacios de conflicto en la política y la reestructuración de la gobernanza local. En el Ecuador el Estado apoyó una gobernanza urbana empresarial bajo las administraciones neoliberales y los gobiernos “post-neoliberales” siguen empleando un enfoque empresarial hacia las infraestructuras urbanas. La construcción de megaproyectos urbanos no implica la construcción de espacios inclusivos en tanto que las grandes inversiones desvían la atención de las prácticas cotidianas hacia conflictos claramente políticos y refuerzan un desarrollo espacial desigual. El caso del aeropuerto internacional de Quito ilustra las tensiones en la producción del espacio, las externalidades socio-espaciales y el reajuste de las relaciones de poder entre actores bajo regímenes políticos diferentes.
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Baydar, Gülsüm. "Sexualised productions of space." Gender, Place & Culture 19, no. 6 (May 2012): 699–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0966369x.2012.675472.
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Li, C., F. J. Luo, K. Yang, and R. G. Guo. "DESIGN OF COOPERATIVE UPDATE MECHANISM OF NATIONAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATION AND BASIC SURVEYING AND MAPPING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W10 (February 8, 2020): 1265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-1265-2020.
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Abstract. National resources investigation and basic surveying and mapping are two important tasks of the surveying and mapping department, and they are similar in production organization and technology realization. In the process of operation, both of them need to carry out internal collection, base map production, field verification and so on. It is operationally feasible to carry out cooperative production of national resources investigation and basic surveying and mapping. From the perspective of technical process and method, both of them are carried out by combination internal and field work. Firstly, based on remote sensing images and thematic geographic data, the internal work will perform image interpretation. Then, the field verification will be carried out to make judgments and adjustments. Finally, the results of the field verification will be transferred back to the internal work, and the data will be further edited and organized in the internal work to obtain the final data.This paper analyzes the technical methods and workflow of the cooperative update mechanism of national resources investigation and basic surveying and mapping. It will enable one-time acquisition of data needed for the national resources investigation and basic surveying and mapping. It is conducive to unifying the classification system, technical standards, survey methods, establishing a natural resource data service system, and improving the natural resource data sharing working mechanism. Realize the overall control of the land space, solve the contradictory problems such as multiple doors, uneven thickness, repeated crossover, etc., advance data integration and deep development and utilization by using big data technology and data analysis model.
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Dong, Wanlin, Chao Li, Qi Hu, Feifei Pan, Jyoti Bhandari, and Zhigang Sun. "Potential Evapotranspiration Reduction and Its Influence on Crop Yield in the North China Plain in 1961–2014." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (March 16, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3691421.
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Climate change has caused uneven changes in hydrological processes (precipitation and evapotranspiration) on a space-temporal scale, which would influence climate types, eventually impact agricultural production. Based on data from 61 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2014 in the North China Plain (NCP), the spatiotemporal characteristics of climate variables, such as humidity index, precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration (ET0), were analyzed. The sensitivity coefficients and contribution rates were applied to ET0. The NCP has experienced a semiarid to humid climate from north to south due to the significant decline of ET0 (−13.8 mm decade−1). In the study region, 71.0% of the sites showed a “pan evaporation paradox” phenomenon. Relative humidity had the most negative influence on ET0, while wind speed, sunshine hours, and air temperature had a positive effect on ET0. Wind speed and sunshine hours contributed the most to the spatiotemporal variation of ET0, followed by relative humidity and air temperature. Overall, the key climate factor impacting ET0 was wind speed decline in the NCP, particularly in Beijing and Tianjin. The crop yield in Shandong and Henan provinces was higher than that in the other regions with a higher humidity index. The lower the humidity index in Hebei province, the lower the crop yield. Therefore, potential water shortages and water conflict should be considered in the future because of spatiotemporal humidity variations in the NCP.
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Kovalchuk, Lyudmila. "Assessment of Socio-economic Situation of the Border Territories of Zabaikalye Territory in Terms of Joining the Far-Eastern Federal District." Russian and Chinese Studies 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2019.4(1).35-43.
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The article assesses the level of economic development and the state of the social sphere of the border territories of Zabaikalye Territory. Twelve districts of Zabaikalye Territory have a border position. Five of them are located along the border with Mongolia, seven - with People’s Republic of China. The article shows that formation of social and economic spheres of the border districts territories was influenced by historical and geographical factors. Formation of the economic complex of the border territories in the historical perspective was subsidized. The change of the historical conditions for development of the border territories contributed to reduction of production, destruction of industrial and social infrastructure, emergence of stable negative trends in the social sphere. The study shows that all border districts are differentiated by the level of economic development. The districts located in the South-West of the Territory along the border with Mongolia, show the greatest lag in the sphere of economy. The greatest contribution to economic development of Zabaikalye Territory is made by the border districts located in the south-eastern part along the border with China: Gazimuro-Zavodsky, Krasnokamensky, Mogochinsky districts. At the same time, all border territories are characterized by relatively low quality and standard of living, that causes socio-cultural degradation and determine a high level of migration of the population from the border areas. The article makes an assumption that the increasing differentiation in the level of socio-economic development of the border districts causes the uneven socio-cultural space of Zabaikalye Territory. In the context of joining the Far-Eastern Federal District, the excessive unevenness of the Territory’s socio-economic space consolidates its position in the zone of backwardness and decreases its readiness for cross-border and interregional cooperation.
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Zylstra, Geoff D. "Productions of Space, Productions of Power: Studying Space, Urban Design, and Social Relations." Journal of Urban History 43, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 562–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217694609.
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Urenko, R. S., and A. G. Vakhromeev. "Identification of Osinsky horizon organogenic structures by 2D and 3D seismic survey data in the north-eastern part of the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise." Earth sciences and subsoil use 44, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2021-44-1-30-38.
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The fields of Eastern Siberia belong to the one of the main centers of hydrocarbon production in the eastern part of Russia. The main part of hydrocarbon reserves is located in the area within the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise, where the Lower Cambrian deposits are major production objects. The main purpose of this research is to provide a detailed study of the inner space and features of organogenic structures of the Cambrian period, as well as to determine the procedures for detecting reef structures by seismic research methods. Statistical processing of the available factual material on reservoir properties has shown a very uneven distribution of cavernosity (porosity). It is found that pores were formed as a result of leaching of shaped formations in loose packing locations of epigenetic dolomite grains, along the cementing substance in the intergranular spaces, along cracks and stylolite seams. To identify organogenic structures in the Osinsky horizon of the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise on the basis of seismic studies some additional methodologies have been selected. Identification of single reef structures in the Osinsky horizon of the Lower Cambrian based on the analysis of seismic amplitudes was carried out by means of a 2D and 3D seismic survey. According to the data of seismic studies, the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise features the development zones of both linear and single carbonate structures. It is also revealed that there is an increase in effective thicknesses in wells located in the annular anomaly. Summing up the results and analyzing the compared materials, it can be concluded that the main identification method of ring zones in wells is the method of longitudinal wave slowness measurement. A comprehensive analysis of 2D and 3D seismic survey data by the common depth point method as well as by a number of other methods using a specific algorithm allowed us to identify individual formations of organogenic (riphogenic) structures in the carbonate section of the north-eastern part of the Nepa-Botuoba anteclise.
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Podolian, G. P. "PROBLEMS OF SOCIAL POLARIZATION IN MODERN CITIES." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 2 (5) (2019): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2019.2(5).17.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of complex processes of social polarization as an integral feature of the modern life of big cities, which manifests itself in the confrontation of the elite and disadvantaged segments of the urban population. It is emphasized on the spectrum of the main causes, characteristic features that have determined the rise of these trends in modern cities around the world. Emphasis is placed on the devastating impact of social polarization on the social foundations of communication, interaction and integration of different segments of the population within one city. By comparing the practice of the existence of cities in classical cultures with the modern experience of func- tioning of large cities, the main causes of such a situation are analyzed. The universal include: globalization, NTP and urbanization. Other, not less significant, include economic ones: formation of world interdependence, first of all, in economic activity, becoming of post-industrial production with appropriate type, practices and values, increase of level and possibilities of technological transformations, existence of competitive ways of production, uneven development of production, increasing dependence of many economies from tourism development, poverty growth and the emergence of megabidonville, international labor migration rates; social: the emergence and subsequent dominance of a new type of intellectual elite focused on global communication space (cyberspace), the formation of "closed spaces" for different layers within the same city, breaking a complex network of relationships and interaction between different layers, leaving the solution of local problems to solve poor people, displacing the poorer from the best places of urban infrastructure, rigid polarization and segregation between different layers; cultural: the presence in the vast majority of large cities of ethnic groups, races and peoples; worldviews: fear, uncertainty in the future, vulnerability of the social situation in the conditions of "current modernity". An analysis of the dynamic nature of urban life has allowed to identify the main drivers of social polarization – myxophobia and myxophilia and to determine their negative influences and positive possibilities of maintaining social communication, interaction, agreements, exchanges in the context of the functioning of the big city of the modern global world.
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Brenner, Neil. "Between Fixity and Motion: Accumulation, Territorial Organization and the Historical Geography of Spatial Scales." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 16, no. 4 (August 1998): 459–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d160459.
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During the last decade, discussions of geographical scale and its social production have proliferated. Building upon this literature, in particular the writings of Lefebvre and Harvey, I investigate the implications of the contradiction between fixity and motion in the circulation of capital—between capital's necessary dependence on territory or place and its space-annihilating tendencies—for the production of spatial scale under capitalism. I elaborate the notion of a ‘scalar fix’ to theorize the multiscalar configurations of territorial organization within, upon, and through which each round of capital circulation is successively territorialized, deterritorialized, and reterritorialized. These multiscalar configurations of territorial organization position geographical scales within determinate, hierarchical patterns of interdependence and thereby constitute a relatively fixed and immobile geographical infrastructure for each round of capital circulation. Drawing upon Lefebvre's neglected work De l'État, I argue that the scalar structures both of cities and of territorial states have been molded ever more directly by the contradiction between fixity and motion in the circulation of capital since the late 19th century, when a ‘second nature’ of socially produced sociospatial configurations was consolidated on a world scale. On this basis a schematic historical geography of scalar fixes since the late 19th century is elaborated that highlights the key role of the territorial state at once as a form of territorialization for capital and as an institutional mediator of uneven geographical development on differential, overlapping spatial scales. From this perspective, the current round of globalization can be interpreted as a multidimensional process of re-scaling in which both cities and states are being reterritorialized in the conflictual search for ‘glocal’ scalar fixes.
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Lorente Riverola, Iñigo. "Conexidad y evolución: aproximación topológica a la idea de resiliencia. El caso del Sobrarbe (Huesca)." Territorios en formación, no. 9 (December 28, 2015): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2015.9.3145.
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ResumenLos constantes cambios en los modos de producción y las relaciones de poder entre lugares, e individuos están sin duda entre las solicitaciones externas más significativas ejercidas sobre los sistemas de asentamiento que, afectando a sus estructuras funcionales de un modo posiblemente catastrófico, los conduce hacia procesos de auge o declive de manera desigual. La evolucionabilidad de los sistemas de asentamiento está muy determinada por la resiliencia de sus estructuras físicas y lógicas, en buena parte analizables mediante la topología de red. Esta topología debe sobrepasar los aspectos materiales del espacio, incorporando sus dimensiones temporal e informacional. Planteo para ello la idea de "conexidad" como variable que aúna la posibilidad materialidad, la probabilidad, y legitimidad de uso de un determinado vínculo topológico. Estudiando las transformaciones estructurales producidas en la comarca del Sobrarbe (Huesca) por un poder político y económico nacional durante el siglo XX —inductoras de su declive actual—, se aportan algunos aspectos clave que pueden ayudar a estructurar la evolución resiliente de los sistemas de asentamiento.Palabras claveConexidad, evolucionabilidad urbana, complejidad, desarrollo desigual, catástrofe, topología AbstractConstant changes in the production modes and power relationships between individuals, objects, and places, are among the most crucial external stresses that the settlement systems have to face. Insofar they affect their functional structures; they unevenly drive them to processes of either growth or shrinkage. Urban evolvability is well dependent on the resilience of both physical and logical structures that articulate a settlement system subjected to locally perceived adverse dynamics. This can be analyzed using network topology tools adapted for the purpose. Those tools should exceed the materiality of social space by incorporating its temporary and informational dimensions. Thus, I suggest the "connexity" as a variable that hinges upon the materiality, the probability and legitimacy of exploiting a topological vertex. Taking into account the socio-spatial changes produced in the Sobrarbe (Huesca) region from the beginning of the 20th century to its current shrinkage, this paper provides an approach to understand some stability conditions that could enable human settlements to be evolvable systems.KeywordsConnexity, urban evolvability, complexity, uneven development, catastrophe, topology