Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Unemployment'
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1
Fremigacci, Florent. "Unemployment insurance, unemployment duration and reemployment : microeconometric evaluations." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EVRY0034.
Abstract:
Cette thèse a pour objet d’évaluer l’impact de l’Assurance-Chômage sur les trajectoires individuelles à partir de données administratives françaises. Le premier chapitre étudie les conséquences de la réforme de 2003 sur le chômage des seniors. L’analyse économétrique repose sur une approche combinée par Régression avec Discontinuité et Différence de Différences. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence une réduction significative des durées de chômage suite à l’adoption de la réforme. Le deuxième chapitre propose quant à lui une évaluation du dispositif d’Activité Réduite. Ce système autorise les chômeurs indemnisés à cumuler une partie de leurs allocations avec le salaire provenant d’emplois temporaires. L’estimation d’un modèle de durée multivarié permet d’isoler l’effet causal du dispositif tout en tenant compte de l’endogénéité potentielle de la durée d’activité réduite et du phénomène d’attrition. L’impact sur les transitions vers l’emploi apparaît relativement modeste. Néanmoins, l’effet observé se révèle plus important pour les demandeurs d’emploi rencontrant des difficultés de réinsertion sur le marché du travail. Le troisième chapitre considère enfin le lien entre la générosité de l’indemnisation et la récurrence des périodes de chômage. Le cadre retenu est celui des modèles autorégressifs à effets fixes sur données de panel.Les principaux résultats indiquent que la générosité passée de l’indemnisation n’exerce pas d’effet persistant sur la durée des épisodes de chômage. Celle-ci s’expliquerait essentiellement par l’hétérogénéité individuelle et les conditions d’indemnisation dont bénéficient les individus à leur inscription au chômageThe aim of this thesis is to assess the effects of Unemployment Insurance and related programs on individual labourmarket paths using French administrative data. Chapter one investigates the effects of the 2003 UI reform onunemployment of older workers using a combined Regression Discontinuity / Difference-in-Differences approach.The results suggest that reform had a structural impact on the distribution of unemployment durations, which shifteddownwards in response to benefits cuts. Partial benefit program (Activité Réduite) that allows registered job seekersto concurrently receive part of their unemployment payments and wages from temporary jobs is analyzed in chaptertwo. The results emerging from the estimation of a multivariate duration model correcting for the endogenousnature of the time in program and accounting for attrition suggest a weak effect of this scheme on transitions toemployment. The impact is however most sizable for the individuals with low labor market prospects. Chapter threestudies the relationship between the generosity of unemployment compensation and unemployment persistenceusing a panel vector autoregressive fixed effect model estimated on count data. The results suggest that past benefitsgenerosity does not affect the duration of unemployment spells, this latter being mainly explained by individualeffects and potential benefits duration
2
Turon, Helene. "Unemployment dynamics : duration dependence, unemployment flows, equilibrium and disequilibrium." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390798.
3
Bjørnstad, Roger. "Institutions, markets and unemployment : understanding unemployment in the modern economy /." Oslo : Unipub forlag, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/493510753.pdf.
4
Mahendran, Kesini. "Gainful unemployment : using a dialogical psychology to intervene in unemployment." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1945.
Abstract:
This qualitative inquiry built on a relational and dynamic epistemology, distinguishes between four psychologies of unemployment, agency-deprivation, social perception, self-perception and finally dialectical. Within a dialectical psychology of unemployment a dialogical analysis is developed which takes the locus of intervention in unemployment as the interaction between unemployed people, those that work with them and the social knowledge that surrounds the phenomenon. The inquiry uses a longitudinal participatory action approach with two training and guidance centres in Central Scotland, 'Strategic Delivery' and the 'Young Person's Centre' between 1999 and 2001. This involved participant observation on the New Deal and Skillseekers; training programmes, meetings and interviews with managers, unemployed clients and front-line staff. 14 young people were followed through their pre-vocational training between January 2ooo and April 2ooo and follow up interviews were carried out in February and March 2ool. The study also involved social consultancy on measuring soft skills at SD and developing a person-centred approach at the YPC, where the YPC became understood as a multi-voiced organization[Bakhtin (1986)]. The inquiry produced actions, recommendations to the organizations and interpretative findings around the use of a dialogical analysis. Three co-created 'actions' on self-assessment measures for unemployed people are described. The study recommends that two key foundational concepts in the area of unemployment 'social inclusion' and 'employability' need to be reconsidered for this cohort of young people where 42.9% remain unemployed at the end of the research. Finally in making sense of organizational change the study explores the extent to which managers within the YPC were in a dialogue with the socio-political discourse and the movement in meaning of the term 'person-centred'. The study points to the importance of organizations developing an authentic dialogue with their client group. It assesses the role that psychology is playing in the current dominance of a self-perception psychology of unemployment.
5
Boheim, Rene. "Essays on unemployment." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391390.
6
Lundqvist, Fredrik. "Unemployment and Crime." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-36466.
Abstract:
This study investigates the relationship between unemployment and crime by examining the large variation in unemployment in Sweden between 2007 and 2017. In this paper, I use a panel data set that consist of 3190 observations over 290 municipalities. The variation in unemployment serves as a proxy for macroeconomic events. The results suggest at best a weak effect from unemployment on violent crime and no effect from unemployment on property crime which goes against the established crime theory.
7
Lang, Dany. "Hysteresis in unemployment." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX24009.
Abstract:
Cette thèse se propose d'explorer les diverses facettes du concept d'hystérèse et d'en examiner la portée et les enjeux pour l'analyse du taux de chômage. Plus précisément, ce travail tente de déterminer dans quelle mesure, et sous quelles conditions, les modèles d'hystérèse du taux de chômage permettent des modélisations opératoires, différentes de celles proposées dans les modèles dont les dynamiques sont fondées sur les concepts de taux de chômage naturel (NRU, Natural Rate of Unemployment) et de taux de chômage n'accélérant pas l'inflation (NAIRU, Non Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment). Le propos de déploie en trois moments. Le premier propose une analyse approfondie des ± Autres α de l'hystérèse, le NRU et le NAIRU, et de leurs dynamiques macroéconomiques associées. Le deuxième s'attache à l'examen de trois approches de l'hystérèse en économie, et aux problèmes qu'elles soulèvent, en particulier en termes d'attraction : l'hystérèse vue comme la présence d'une racine unitaire, l'hystérèse envisagée comme une théorie des changements structurels endogènes, et l'hystérèse définie comme un processus d'ajustement en déséquilibre (disequilibrium adjustment). Le troisième chapitre porte sur l'hystérésis ± véritable α, c'est-à-dire correspondant à la définition du phénomène utilisée dans les champs scientifiques comme la physique ou la biologie. Outre l'etablissement d'une typologie des principaux modèles d'hystérèse, et l'analyse critique détaillée des différents modèles de NRU, de NAIRU et d'hystérèse, cette thèse tente d'apporter sa contribution propre à l'économie appliquée de l'hystérèse, puisqu'une version hystérétique de la relation d'Okun, ainsi qu'une version hystérétique de la ± courbe de Phillips α, sont construites puis testéesThe aim of this thesis is to explore the different aspects of the concept of hysteresis, and to examine its import and the issues it raises for the analysis of unemployment. More precisely, the work tries to determine to what extent, and under what conditions, hysteresis gives rise to operational models of unemployment that differ from models whose dynamics are founded on the Natural Rate of Unemployment (NRU) or on the Non Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment (NAIRU) concepts. The thesis consists of three chapters. The first one proposes a detailed analysis of the Othersʺ of hysteresis, the NRU and the NAIRU, and of their associated macroeconomic dynamics. The second chapter examines three approaches to hysteresis in economics, and the problems associated with them. . These approaches are hysteresis seen as the presence of a unit root, hysteresis conceived as a theory of endogenous structural change, and hysteresis defined as a process of disequilibrium adjustment. The last chapter is about genuineʺ hysteresis, the definition of which corresponds to the definition given to the phenomenon of hysteresis in scientific fields like physics or biology. Apart from establishing a typology of the main models of hysteresis, and providing a detailed critical analysis of the different models of the NRU, NAIRU and hysteresis, this thesis also makes its own contribution to applied economics, by constructing and then testing hysteretic versions of Okun's law and the Phillips curveʺ
8
Gill, Fiona. "Unemployment deconstructed : a study of unemployment policies in Australia and Sweden /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2005. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arg4751.pdf.
9
Pierre, Gaëlle. "The economic and social consequences of unemployment and long-term unemployment." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4028/.
Abstract:
This thesis studies the economic and social consequences of unemployment and long-term (or repeated) unemployment. The first two chapters are concerned with economic consequences. They study how unemployment affects the working of the labour market. The last two chapters are interested in social consequences. They look at whether future generations' outcomes are altered by their parents' unemployment. Chapter two uses data on UK regions over a period of 23 years to test the hypothesis that the composition of unemployment alters the dampening effect of unemployment on wages. Several specifications are estimated using dynamic panel data methods and are tested to check the robustness of the results. The hypothesis is verified for manual or unskilled workers, but not for non-manual or skilled workers. The next three chapters use the British National Child Development Study (NCDS). The third chapter studies the job search behaviour of individuals who declared themselves unemployed and looking for work when aged 23 years old. We define job search as the combination of three decisions: whether they have considered applying for a job which would mean moving house, which would have a lower pay than their previous job, or which would require a lower qualification. We find that using a model that incorporates the dependence of these decisions improves efficiency. Young people who have been unemployed before are found to accept mobility but not to alter their expectations on wages and skill content. In the fourth chapter, we want to determine whether the labour market situation of the parents influences in any way the social behaviour of children. The findings show that, controlling for - persistent - financial difficulties, the unemployment of the father during childhood seems to have a detrimental effect on his children's outcomes. There is some evidence that those who have a non-working mother during early childhood are better off than others, except in cases where the mother is single. The last chapter draws on the previous one and studies whether these effects can be translated into unfavourable outcomes in adult life, in particular social exclusion. A new index of social exclusion is constructed. We find that anti-social behaviour and social difficulties during childhood are associated with later risks of social exclusion.
10
Symes, Caylynne Elizabeth. "Problematizing unemployment : the competing representations of unemployment and the implications thereof." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79921.
Abstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.Bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Unemployment has been recognized as one of the most important social problems worldwide as most countries suffer from some unemployment. South Africa’s high unemployment rate has led to an abundance of research on the topic. A vast majority of the research available on unemployment in South Africa is positivist in nature. This study instead uses an interpretivist approach to analyse the problem of unemployment in South Africa. The study uses Carol Bacchi’s approach to provide a different way of analysing the problem of unemployment in South Africa. Bacchi’s approach allows the analyst to focus on problem representations and how these representations shape what is discussed and what is not discussed about the topic. This study demonstrates the application of Bacchi’s approach and focuses on the problem representations of the significant actors involved with unemployment, namely the South African government, business, COSATU and the SACP. The study focuses on the effects of the problem representations of unemployment, in particular the discursive and political effects. This study argues that Bacchi’s approach is a useful tool for the analysis of unemployment. It is also argued in this study that the approach provides insights into the problem of unemployment by highlighting what is not discussed in the problem representations of the significant actors. By sensitizing individuals to what is excluded in the problem representations, it is argued that solutions which negate the negative effects of such representations can be found. Bacchi’s approach highlighted a number of problem representations of unemployment. The study found that some problem representations were shared by one or more actors and that divergence exist between the representations of other actors. The shared and divergent representations focused on the tripartite alliance due to the significance of the alliance in South African politics. The shared and divergence representations were demonstrated to either help to towards improving the relationships between actors or, in the case of divergence, increase the tensions in the actor’s relationship with one another. The study also found that the non-government actors’ problem representations of unemployment direct attention to government’s responsibility for dealing with unemployment while minimising their role and contribution to unemployment. The study also demonstrated that the interests of different actors can be identified in the dominant problem representations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Werkloosheid is ‘n belangrike probleem wat meeste lande raak. Baie navorsing is al in Suid-Afrika gedoen weens sy besonderse hoë werkloosheidyfer. Die meerderheid hiervan is positivisties in benadering. Hierdie navorsing gebruik egter ‘n interpretiewe benadering. Carrol Bacchi se benadering word gebruik as ‘n alternatiewe raamwerk om Suid-Afrika se werkloosheidsprobleem te analiseer. Bacchi se benadering laat die navorser toe om te fokus op hoe die probleem beskou word en hoe hierdie beskouing die keuse van wat ingesluit is en wat nie is nie, beïnvloed. Hierdie navorsing fokus op die sleutelfigure in die werkloosheidsprobleem, naamlik die Suid-Afrikaanse regering, die SACP en COSATU. Die studie benadruk die diskursiewe en politiese effek van die probleembeskouing van werkloosheid. Die studie argumenteer dat Bacchi se benadering waardevolle insigte kan lewer, spesifiek deur onbespreekte kwessies rakende die sleutelfigure uit te lig. Dit word aangevoer dat deur waardering te kweek vir hierdie kwessies, oplossings vir hierdie probleembeskouings gevind kan word. Bacchi se benadering het ‘n paar probleembeskouings uitgelig. Die studie het gevind dat daar ooreenstemming is by sommige figure, terwyl ander s’n uiteenlopend is. Hierdie sienings het gelei tot samegorigheid in die eersgenoemde geval, maar tot verhoogde vlakke van wantroue en spanning in die laasgenoemde geval. Die fokus van hierdie sienings is die drieparty-alliansie, weens sy belangrikheid in SA-politiek. Die studie vind ook dat nieregeringsorganisasies se probleembeskouings die rol van die regering benadruk en hul eie verantwoordelikheid onderspeel.
11
Zwick, Thomas Alexander. "Unemployment and human capital." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1998. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=8401.
12
Wang, Bingsong. "Essays on unemployment volatility." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.698960.
Abstract:
This thesis analyses different approaches to address the unemployment volatility puzzle. In the first two chapters, we develop two types of search frictions model with efficiency wages. The models can match observed fluctuations in unemployment and job vacancies in the U.S economy. Moreover, the models also capture labour market dynamics well. In the third chapter, we analyse two proposed solutions to the unemployment volatility puzzle: sticky wages and a small `hiring surplus'. We investigate a widely used calibration strategy in the literature and argue that it is a key factor in generating large unemployment volatility. In the fourth chapter, we reassess the following arguments on the unemployment volatility puzzle: strategic wage bargaining; large fluctuations in discount rates in the financial market; and endogenous job separations caused by idiosyncratic productivity shocks.
13
Brown, David Walton. "Essays in unemployment insurance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62399.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis consists of three essays that examine household responses to state unemployment insurance (UI) generosity across spells of unemployment, with a particular emphasis on the role of liquidity constraints. Enacted in 1986, the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) provides limited portability of employer-sponsored health insurance coverage amongst job separators. Separated workers are eligible to maintain their employer-sponsored health coverage at the point of separation for a period of typically 18 months, though are obligated to pay 102 percent of the full employer premium. The substantial cost to maintain continuation coverage relative to transitory income poses a potential barrier for the unemployed. Using Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) panels spanning 1990-2003, Chapter One re-evaluates existing evidence of UI adequacy and the limited effectiveness of continuation of coverage mandates by assessing the role of UI in maintaining private health insurance coverage across employment status. I first establish the magnitude of the loss of private health insurance coverage associated with unemployment, separating the issue of duration dependence. I find that private coverage falls by approximately 19 percentage points, or 26 percent of pre-separation levels, across employment status. Exploiting plausibly exogenous spatial and temporal variation in UI generosity, I then employ a simulated instruments approach to estimate the effect of UI generosity on private health insurance coverage amongst the unemployed. I find that a 10 percentage points increase in the UI replacement rate increases private coverage amongst the unemployed by 3.0 percentage points, and that a $100 increase in weekly UI benefits increases private coverage amongst the unemployed by 7.6 percentage points. Although imprecise, these results imply that current UI generosity mitigates the loss of private health insurance coverage by roughly 41 to 44 percent. Stratification across proxies for liquidity constraint and consumption commitment reveals suggestive evidence of an associated liquidity effect. The policy response to shortfalls in insurance coverage for job separators has been to enact continuation of coverage mandates, which allow job leavers to continue their employer-sponsored coverage without the typical direct cost subsidization provided to active employees. For the unemployed, this cost is incurred during a period of low transitory income, suggesting a plausibly important role for liquidity constraints in limiting take-up of continuation benefits. Incorporating SIPP panels spanning 1983-2003, Chapter Two first evaluates the effectiveness of continuation of coverage mandates in mitigating the fall in private health insurance coverage across spells of unemployment, identified by variation in state mandates and implementation of mandated federal coverage through COBRA. These results imply that 12 months of continuation of coverage eligibility mitigates the fall in private coverage amongst the unemployed with employer-sponsored health coverage prior to separation by approximately 18 percent. Exploiting plausibly exogenous spatial and temporal variation in state UI benefits across the reference period, I then employ a simulated instruments approach to estimate the heterogeneous effect of continuation of coverage mandates across levels of transitory income. These results are consistent with the notion of excess sensitivity to cash-in-hand. Absent state UI, mandate eligibility mitigates only 6 percent of the fall in private coverage. Yet for every $100 in eligible weekly UI benefits, private coverage is increased for mandate-eligible separators by 10 percentage points relative to mandate-ineligible separators. Policy makers must comprehensively address both access to group insurance markets as well as ability to pay for constrained households. Chapter Three re-evaluates existing evidence of a spousal labor supply response to state UI generosity. Although Chetty (2008) documents an associated liquidity effect in the response of unemployment spell duration to UI generosity, there has been no comparable work investigating the importance of liquidity constraints in explaining the crowd-out of spousal labor supply by eligible UI benefits of the household's primary earner. Across such periods of low transitory income of the primary earner, the spousal labor supply of liquidity constrained households plausibly exhibits greater responsiveness to eligible UI benefits. Yet the spousal labor supply response to UI generosity is composed of both an indirect effect, driven by eligible UI benefits of the unemployed primary earner, and a direct effect, driven by own-eligibility of the spouse. The longitudinal nature of the SIPP allows for identification of UI-ineligible spouses, and corresponding sample restrictions purge estimates of the confounding direct effect of UI. Employing a simulated instruments approach that exploits variation within-states across the reference period 1983-2003, I find that each eligible dollar in UI benefits crowds-out spousal earnings by 33 cents across the unemployment spell of the household's primary earner. Despite the sizeable estimate of crowd-out, the predicted increase in spousal earnings absent UI would offset only 13 percent of the lost wages of the unemployed primary earner. Stratification across proxies for liquidity constraint and fixed consumption commitment yields suggestive evidence of an associated liquidity effect. In terms of average spousal earnings, couples proxied as liquidity unconstrained through consideration of net liquid wealth are only 26 percent as responsive to eligible UI benefits of the primary earner relative to couples proxied as liquidity constrained. These results rationalize of the large crowd-out estimates of Cullen and Gruber (2000).
by David Walton Brown.
Ph.D.
14
Katz, Lawrence F. "Worker mobility and unemployment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128939.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 1986.Includes bibliographies.
by Lawrence Francis Katz.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 1986.
15
Haefke, Christian. "The European unemployment puzzle /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9975888.
16
Gerhard, Castro de Britto Diogo <1987>. "Essays on Unemployment Insurance." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7249/1/Britto_Diogo_tesi.pdf.
Abstract:
Can the potential availability of unemployment insurance (UI) affect the behavior of employed workers and the duration of their employment spells? After discussing few straightforward reasons why UI may affect employment duration, I apply a regression kink design (RKD) to address this question using linked employer-employee data from the Brazilian labor market. Exploiting the UI schedule, I find that potential benefit level significantly affects the duration of employment spells. This effect is local to low skilled workers and, surprisingly, indicates that a 1\% increase in unemployment benefits increases job duration by around 0.3\%. Such result is driven by the fact that higher UI decreases the probability of job quits, which are not covered by UI in Brazil. These estimates are robust to permutation tests and a number of falsification tests. I develop a reduced-form welfare formula to assess the economic relevance of this result. Based on that, I show that the positive effect on employment duration implies in a higher optimal benefit level. Moreover, the formula shows that the elasticity of employment duration impacts welfare just with the same weight as the well-known elasticity of unemployment duration to benefit level.
17
Gerhard, Castro de Britto Diogo <1987>. "Essays on Unemployment Insurance." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7249/.
Abstract:
Can the potential availability of unemployment insurance (UI) affect the behavior of employed workers and the duration of their employment spells? After discussing few straightforward reasons why UI may affect employment duration, I apply a regression kink design (RKD) to address this question using linked employer-employee data from the Brazilian labor market. Exploiting the UI schedule, I find that potential benefit level significantly affects the duration of employment spells. This effect is local to low skilled workers and, surprisingly, indicates that a 1\% increase in unemployment benefits increases job duration by around 0.3\%. Such result is driven by the fact that higher UI decreases the probability of job quits, which are not covered by UI in Brazil. These estimates are robust to permutation tests and a number of falsification tests. I develop a reduced-form welfare formula to assess the economic relevance of this result. Based on that, I show that the positive effect on employment duration implies in a higher optimal benefit level. Moreover, the formula shows that the elasticity of employment duration impacts welfare just with the same weight as the well-known elasticity of unemployment duration to benefit level.
18
Westerheide, Nina [Verfasser]. "Penalized splines - estimation with longitudinal unemployment data : analyses of unemployment durations and unemployment risks in Germany / Nina Westerheide. Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften." Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, Hochschulschriften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1026679915/34.
19
Neal, Ronita. "Unemployment and the family : the effects of unemployment of the family "bread-winner" /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1988. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsn342.pdf.
20
Anderson, Pauline. "Women and unemployment : a case study of women's experiences of unemployment in Glasgow." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34634/.
Abstract:
This study investigates women's experiences of unemployment in Glasgow and will contribute to a literature in which there are very few studies on women's unemployment. The thesis seeks to challenge the marginality of women's unemployment in sociological discourses. The research is based on interviews with forty unemployed women and sixteen women engaged on Employment Training schemes in Glasgow. The research questions the assumptions and discourses of the mainstream sociological literature on work and unemployment. It highlights the ways in which these sociological discourses draw upon and give legitimacy to existing gendered ideologies about female roles. Contrary to the dominant sociological paradigm which marginalises the importance of women's unemployment, the evidence presented in this thesis demonstrates that waged work is a central and valued part of women's social identity. The data shows that in unemployment women lose their economic identity and this has a detrimental impact upon their social and domestic identities. Women's domestic role did not compensate for the loss of their paid employment. Rather, the experience of unemployment made women value waged work more.
21
Sweet, Dustin L. "Forecasting unemployment with spatial correlation." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4250.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 11, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
22
Mennel, Tim. "Studies on optimal unemployment insurance /." Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012916906&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
23
Tasci, Haci Mehmet. "Essays On Unemployment In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606092/index.pdf.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT
ESSAYS ON UNEMPLOYMENT IN TURKEY
TaSçi, H. Mehmet Ph.D., Department of Economics Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Aysit Tansel March 2005, 223 pages In this study we examine the Turkish labor market by using the Household Labor Force Survey data for the years 2000 and 2001. There are three main essays in this study. In the first essay, the determinants of transitions between the labor market states of employment, unemployment, and out-of-labor force are examined by using multinomial-logit models. We observe from the transitions out of employment that workers with low education and those working in the non-public sector have a higher risk of losing their job than those with higher education and those working in the public sector. In the second essay, grouped duration approach is used to find the determinants of unemployment duration and test whether there is an evidence of duration dependence in unemployment. In the third essay, we distinguish the first-time job-seekers from the other job-seekers, and analyze the determinants of unemployment duration for these groups, separately. The last two parts of this study shows the main characteristics of the short-term and long-term unemployed people in Turkey. We find that individual and demographic characteristics as well as local labor market conditions are important factors in explaining the duration of unemployment for working-age groups. We observe that individuals with higher education (i.e. graduated from a university) have shorter unemployment duration than those with lower education (i.e. primary, middle and high school graduates). Our overall findings (both from transition and duration applications) suggest that women are in the disadvantaged position in the Turkish labor market. Further, regardless of gender difference, we observe that labor market conditions are significant determinant of transitions in the labor market. The same is also observed in the unemployment duration part for all data as well as for both first-time and other job-seekers.
24
Sanner, Helge. "Endogenous unemployment insurance and regionalisation." Universität Potsdam, 2001. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1376/.
Abstract:
Our analysis is concerned with the impact of a regionalisation of unemployment insurance (UI) on workers’ preferences, on firms’ profits, and on effciency. The existence and the extent of UI are endogenously derived by maximising an objective function of the state. Three different types of regionalisation are considered which differ with respect to the area the UI objective function is related to, and with respect to the policy variable used to maximise it. It comes to light that workers are always in favour of central UI, while it depends on the type of regionalisation whether or not firms are better off with regional or with central UI. The same somewhat surprising result applies for efficiency.
25
Dettmer, Sandra Pia Lioba. "Regional earnings and unemployment differences." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678297.
26
Pilch, Guy Stephen Sutherland. "Social support among unemployment fishers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0003/MQ41385.pdf.
27
Kemnitz, Alexander. "Immigration, unemployment and domestic welfare /." Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0708/2006502650.html.
28
Speigner, Bradley James. "Essays on equilibrium unemployment dynamics." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6284.
Abstract:
This thesis is a collection of three essays in which the behaviour of unemployment is studied in different dynamic environments. Throughout, unemployment is understood to be involuntary, arising due to the uncoordinated nature of trade in the labour market as viewed from the perspective of the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides equilibrium matching model. It goes without saying that the fundamental motivation for pursuing this line of research is provided by the untold consequences, both human and economic, of otherwise capable people remaining involuntarily idle. An attempt, therefore, is made to contribute to the understanding of how various aspects of macroeconomic policy can influence unemployment outcomes. The approach maintained throughout is to combine general equilibrium modelling with simulation techniques in order to provide not only qualitative inferences but also quantitative descriptions of equilibrium dynamics. The dynamic environments considered cover both the business cycle (the first two chapters) and the life cycle (the third chapter). In the first chapter, Structural Tax Reform and the Cyclical Behaviour of the Labour Market, we build a real business cycle model with frictional unemployment and distortionary tax rates which are increasing in individual taxable labour income. The cyclical aspects of tax reform that are addressed in this chapter are distinct from the stationary state distributional issues that have garnered most of the attention in the existing literature on structural tax reform. Estimating the tax code parameters from federal income tax return data for the U.S., we find that a reduction in the progressivity of the tax system is associated with a significant increase in the volatility of hours per worker. The intuition is simply that the greater the extent to which marginal tax rates fluctuate in response to shocks, the smaller the incentive to adjust working hours. But in a frictional labour market in which it is costly for forms to issue vacancies, the behaviour of hours - i.e. intensive adjustment, or adjustment in the intensive margin - is a determining factor of job creation - i.e. extensive adjustment. We then explain how the dynamic behaviour of hours along the adjustment path to an aggregate productivity shock generates o¤setting incentives for job creation, with the result that tax reform has little impact on unemployment fluctuations. The welfare cost of the business cycle is also computed under different tax regimes. It is found that although business cycles are more costly under a flat tax, the overall welfare implications are quantitatively negligible regardless of the tax system. Having described the effects of the tax system on equilibrium dynamics when perturbed by a productivity disturbance, we then consider business cycle adjustment to an aggregate demand shock in the form of fiscal stimulus. In light of recent fiscal developments in the U.S. and Europe, the ability of expansionary fiscal policy to stimulate output has gained renewed interest in the business cycle literature. We contribute to the analysis by assessing whether the efficacy of government expenditure in reducing unemployment depends on the structure of the tax system. It is demonstrated that a less progressive tax policy increases the ability of expansionary fiscal policy to stimulate output due to a larger response in hours, but this comes at the cost of a smaller unemployment multiplier. Tax reform therefore causes a compositional shift in labour market adjustment in response to aggregate demand shocks, with relatively more adjustment occurring in the intensive margin and less adjustment in the extensive margin the flatter the tax schedule is. The reason why this compositional shift occurs for a demand shock but not a supply shock is that the adjustment path of hours is qualitatively dependent on the type of disturbance. In particular, we describe how equilibrium undershooting in hours occurs only in response to an aggregate productivity (supply) shock, whereas the negative wealth effects arising from increased government expenditure exert sustained upward pressure on hours along the entire adjustment path, thus providing a significant incentive for firms to substitute away from job creation. The second chapter, Monetary Policy and Job Creation in a New Keynesian Model, is motivated by the work of Cooley and Quadrini (1999) and Krause and Lubik (2007). These studies indicate that a typical monetary business cycle model with frictional unemployment and endogenous job destruction tends to encounter difficulty in generating a rise in job creation in response to expansionary monetary policy, rendering the model inconsistent with the downward sloping Beveridge curve that appears in the data and implying only a limited policy role for inflationary job creation. Matching frictions in the labour market congest the job creation process so that firms tend to skew adjustment to shocks towards the job destruction margin. In recognition of the assertion put forth but unpursued by Cooley and Quadrini (1999) that fluctuations in the size of the labour force may ease labour market congestion and therefore amplify cyclical job creation, in Chapter II we extend a New Keynesian model with unemployment to feature an endogenous labour market participation decision. However, a baseline model with a standard degree of risk aversion tends to exhibit countercyclical labour force participation, which is inconsistent with the data. In order to address this issue, we propose the notion of labour market participation as a social consideration, which we demonstrate to be capable of generating procyclical participation incentives. The basic idea is that agents will tend not to exit the labour force during booms in order to "keep up with the Joneses". We then find that plausible fluctuations in the size of the labour force do not exert a quantitatively significant effect on job creation. In light of this result, we search for alternative mechanisms which may overturn the conclusion that inflationary policy is incapable of incentivising job creation. The approach taken involves switching focus to the characteristics of aggregate demand dynamics along the adjustment path to a monetary shock. It is well known that standard New Keynesian models fail to deliver the gradual, hump-shaped adjustment path to monetary policy shocks that is observed in the data. We argue that if aggregate demand experiences a persistent increase in response to a monetary shock instead of peaking on impact, the incentive for firms to create jobs becomes amplified. The intuition is that, since the job creation decision is forward-looking due to the presence of matching frictions, aggregate demand must rise persistently even after the shock takes place so that firms anticipate a further increase in aggregate demand in order for the time consuming process of issuing a vacancy to be justified. To demonstrate this, it is shown that, by altering the dynamics of aggregate demand, time-inseparability in the utility function can significantly improve the ability of expansionary monetary policy to increase job creation, allowing the model to generate a downward sloping Beveridge curve conditional on monetary shocks. In the appendix to Chapter II, we lend further credence to this hypothesis by describing how the manner in which monetary policy it- self is specified may give rise to hump-shaped adjustment dynamics and, consequently, amplify inflationary job creation. Finally, in Chapter III on Equilibrium Matching and Age Discrimination Policy, we abstract from business cycle issues and concentrate instead on the life cycle. Federal legislation prohibiting the discrimination of workers on the basis of age has been in place in the United States since the 1967 Age Discrimination in Employment Act.
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Hogan, Vincent (Vincent Peter). "Labor supply, taxation and unemployment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10313.
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Canziani, Patrizia. "Labor market rigidities and unemployment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10838.
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Hansen, Niels-Jakob Harbo. "Jobs, Unemployment, and Macroeconomic Transmission." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-131378.
Abstract:
Measuring Job Openings: Evidence from Swedish Plant Level Data. In modern macroeconomic models “job openings'' are a key component. Thus, when taking these models to the data we need an empirical counterpart to the theoretical concept of job openings. To achieve this, the literature relies on job vacancies measured either in survey or register data. Insofar as this concept captures the concept of job openings well we should see a tight relationship between vacancies and subsequent hires on the micro level. To investigate this, I analyze a new data set of Swedish hires and job vacancies on the plant level covering the period 2001-2012. I find that vacancies contain little power in predicting hires over and above (i) whether the number of vacancies is positive and (ii) plant size. Building on this, I propose an alternative measure of job openings in the economy. This measure (i) better predicts hiring at the plant level and (ii) provides a better fitting aggregate matching function vis-à-vis the traditional vacancy measure. Firm Level Evidence from Two Vacancy Measures. Using firm level survey and register data for both Sweden and Denmark we show systematic mis-measurement in both vacancy measures. While the register-based measure on the aggregate constitutes a quarter of the survey-based measure, the latter is not a super-set of the former. To obtain the full set of unique vacancies in these two databases, the number of survey vacancies should be multiplied by approximately 1.2. Importantly, this adjustment factor varies over time and across firm characteristics. Our findings have implications for both the search-matching literature and policy analysis based on vacancy measures: observed changes in vacancies can be an outcome of changes in mis-measurement, and are not necessarily changes in the actual number of vacancies. Swedish Unemployment Dynamics. We study the contribution of different labor market flows to business cycle variations in unemployment in the context of a dual labor market. To this end, we develop a decomposition method that allows for a distinction between permanent and temporary employment. We also allow for slow convergence to steady state which is characteristic of European labor markets. We apply the method to a new Swedish data set covering the period 1987-2012 and show that the relative contributions of inflows and outflows to/from unemployment are roughly 60/30. The remaining 10\% are due to flows not involving unemployment. Even though temporary contracts only cover 9-11\% of the working age population, variations in flows involving temporary contracts account for 44\% of the variation in unemployment. We also show that the importance of flows involving temporary contracts is likely to be understated if one does not account for non-steady state dynamics. The New Keynesian Transmission Mechanism: A Heterogeneous-Agent Perspective. We argue that a 2-agent version of the standard New Keynesian model---where a ``worker'' receives only labor income and a “capitalist'' only profit income---offers insights about how income inequality affects the monetary transmission mechanism. Under rigid prices, monetary policy affects the distribution of consumption, but it has no effect on output as workers choose not to change their hours worked in response to wage movements. In the corresponding representative-agent model, in contrast, hours do rise after a monetary policy loosening due to a wealth effect on labor supply: profits fall, thus reducing the representative worker's income. If wages are rigid too, however, the monetary transmission mechanism is active and resembles that in the corresponding representative-agent model. Here, workers are not on their labor supply curve and hence respond passively to demand, and profits are procyclical.
32
Mafiri, M. I. "Socio-economic impact of unemployment." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08162004-135251.
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Monteiro, Luís Fabiano Carvalho. "Optimal unemployment insurance for couples." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13986.
Abstract:
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This work analyzes the optimal design of an unemployment insurance program for couples, whose joint search problem in the labor market differ significantly from the problem faced by single agents. We use a version of the sequential search model of the labor market adapted to married agents to compare optimal constant policies for single and married agents, as well as characterize the optimal constant policy when the agency faces single and married agents simultaneously. Our main result is that an agency that gives equal weights to single and married agents will want to give equal utility promises to both types of agents and spend more on the single agent.
34
Dejemeppe, Muriel. "Unemployment persistence in Belgium: An in-depth econometric analysis of the flows out of unemployment." Université catholique de Louvain, 2002. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-06072002-084825/.
Abstract:
Finding an explanation for the rise and persistence of European unemployment has been one of the main research programmes of labour economists during the last decade. In this doctoral thesis, we contribute to this literature by questioning the causes of unemployment persistence in Belgium. To that purpose, we conduct an in-depth econometric analysis of the flows out of unemployment in this country. In Chapters 2 and 3, we study the behaviour of the exit rate out of unemployment over duration and calendar time. In Chapter 3, we investigate whether this behaviour differs according to the place of living and the skill level, as measured by the level of education. Finally, in Chapter 4, we determine to what extent the divergences in the rate of flowing from unemployment between workers with different levels of education can be explained by a skill mismatch phenomenon and/or by a job competition story. By refining the causes of unemployment persistence in Belgium, our doctoral research also contributes to the design of more effective labour market policies.
35
Funchien, Nantarat. "Understanding the Thailand unemployment problem comparison of Thai unemployment to Indonesia, Taiwan, and the United States /." Access citation, abstract and download form; downloadable file 5.19 Mb, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131670.
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Vasileva, Katya. "On Unemployment Insurance and Experience Rating." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7662.
Abstract:
There have been numerous studies, both theoretical and empirical, dealing with how the degree of experience rating affects employment. The results have been often contradicting, giving ground for ongoing debate among the economists. Here in this thesis I will present the most central studies done concerning the effects on employment induced by layoff costs and UI payroll tax in particular. A special interest will be put on the implicit-contract model, since it appears to be especially useful when studying the effects of experience rating. The theoretical approaches and the existing empirical evidence will be discussed. By doing this survey I will make an attempt in explaining and summarizing the crucial and sometimes contradicting conclusions made though the years, so that a reader unfamiliar with those concepts will be able to easily grasp.
37
Sanner, Helge. "Bargaining structure and regional unemployment insurance." Universität Potsdam, 2001. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1370/.
Abstract:
We examine the effects of regionalising the budget of unemployment insurance (UI) on wages, employment, and on UI parameters, which, for their part, determine the agents’ preferences concerning such a reform. A numerical example shows that, under reasonable assumptions, the intuition that the reform would enhance efficiency and improve the economic situation of agents from the low- unemployment region to the disadvantage of agents from the high- unemployment region is not valid in general.
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Kim, Jaewon. "Trade, Unemployment and Labour Market Institutions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-56464.
Abstract:
The thesis consists of three papers, summarized as follows. "The Determinants of Labour Market Institutions: A Panel Data Study" This paper analyses the argument that labour market institutions can be thought of as devices for social insurance. It investigates the hypotheses that a country's exposure to external risk and ethnic fractionalisation are correlated with labor market institutions. Extreme bounds analysis with panel data of fourty years indicates that countries that are more open to international trade have stricter employment protection, strong unions, and a more coordinated wage bargaining process. Moreover, there is evidence that union density is negatively associated with the degree of ethnic fracationalisation. "Why do Some Studies Show that Generous Unemployment Benefits Increase Unemployment Rates? A Meta-Analysis of Cross-Country Studies" This paper investigates the hypothesis that generous unemployment benefits give rise to high levels of unemployment by systematically reviewing 34 cross-country studies. In contrast to conventional literature surveys, I perform a meta-analysis which applies regression techniques to a set of results taken from the existing literature. The main finding is that the choice of the primary data and estimation method matter for the final outcome. The control variables in the primary studies also affect the results. "The Effects of Trade on Unemployment: Evidence from 20 OECD countries" This study empirically investigates if international trade has an impact on aggregate unemployment in the presence of labour market institutions. Using data for twenty OECD countries for the years 1961-2008, this study finds that an increase in trade leads to higher aggregate unemployment as it interacts with rigid labour market institutions, whereas it may reduce aggregate unemployment if the labour market is characterised by flexibility. In a country with the average degree of the labour market rigidities, an increase in trade has no significant effect on unemployment rates.
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Govera, Hemish. "The relationship between inflation and unemployment." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5923.
Abstract:
Magister Commercii - MCom (Economics)The nature of the relationship between inflation and unemployment has implications for the appropriate conduct of monetary policy. However, the question as to whether the traditional Phillips curve relationship holds true remains debatable despite advances in both theoretical and empirical evidence. This study revisits this debate for South Africa by examining data on unemployment, the repo interest rate and core CPI for the period from 1994Q1 to 2015Q4. This was in the light of recent developments in both theoretical and empirical Phillips curve literature. The research employed a hybrid version of the NKPC and various econometric techniques. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test was used to examine the unit root properties of the data series. The Johansen cointegration technique was applied to test for cointegration among the variables. The research derived and estimated an error correction model for inflation. The model results demonstrated that the repo interest rate is statistically significant in explaining inflation. The VECM was derived and estimated to examine both short-run and long-run relationships among the variables. The results confirmed the existence of a positive but insignificant long-run relationship between unemployment and inflation. The study used the Granger causality test to ascertain the nature of causality among the variables. The research established the presence of unidirectional Granger causality running from core CPI to unemployment. Forecast error variance decomposition shows that large percentages of variations in each variable are attributable to each variable respectively. The empirical findings are helpful to the understanding of the Phillips curve relationship in South Africa and emerging economies in general.
40
Albertini, Julien. "Labor market rigidities and unemployment dynamics." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EVRY0007/document.
Abstract:
Les rigidités du marché du travail ont souvent fait l’objet de spéculations dans la littérature en réponse à la volatilité excessive du chômage. Les questions d’économie positive mais aussi les questions normatives liées au fonctionnement des institutions du marché du travail ont animé un important débat. Cependant, les deux aspects du débat n’ont été que très peu orientés sur les interactions entre ces rigidités et la configuration optimale des institutions. L’objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en lumière le rôle de ces rigidités sur la dynamique du chômage et de l’inflation. On s’intéresse aux sources de fluctuations du marché du travail ainsi qu’aux questions liées au financement de l’assurance chômage en privilégiant les systèmes d’experience rating. Les résultats principaux sont les suivants. Premièrement, la prise en compte de frictions d’appariement et de rigidités de salaires est cruciale pour expliquer la dynamique du marché du travail mais leur estimation révèle que les chocs spécifiques au marché du travail comptabilisent une partie importante des fluctuations du chômage et des emplois vacants, impliquant une certaine déconnection avec les autres marchés. Deuxièmement, les systèmes d’assurance chômage basés sur l’experience rating stabilisent fortement les fluctuations du marché du travail en réduisant de façon considérable la volatilité du chômage et des séparations d’emplois mais également le coût en bien être associé aux imperfections du marché du travail. La prise en compte des non linéarités de ces systèmes permet de rendre compte des distorsions dans le comportement d’embauche et de licenciement des entrepreneursThe excessive volatility of unemployment has raised an intense debate on the positive and the normative aspects of labor market rigidities and labor market institutions. However, on both sides of the debate there is little discussion on how rigidities interact with each other nor on the optimal design of institutions. The purpose of this thesis is to highlight the role of labor market rigidities for unemployment and inflation dynamics. We are interested in the sources of labor market fluctuations as well as the unemployment insurance financing mode. We focus on experience rating systems. The main results are the followings. First, matching frictions and wage rigidities are crucial to explain the labor market dynamics but estimations of structural models show that the bulk of variation in labor market variables is solely explained by disturbances pertaining to the labor market. Second, unemployment insurance experience rating systems reduce considerably the volatility of labor market outcomes and the welfare cost coming from labor market imperfections. The tax schedule of experience rating is highly non linear, which induce sizeable distortions in the firms' hiring and firing behavior
41
Tombolo, Guilherme Alexandre. "Two essays in unemployment rate hysteresis." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/48889.
Abstract:
Orientador : Prof. Dr. João Basilio PereimaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Ecônomico. Defesa : 24/04/2017
Inclui referências : f.75-80
Resumo: O objetivo desta tese e analisar os efeitos da possível presença de histerese sobre a taxa de desemprego no Brasil. Vamos perseguir este objetivo através de dois ensaios ou artigos. No primeiro ensaio ou artigo "Dynamic Effects of Hysteresis in Brazilian Unemployment", testaremos a hipótese da presença de histerese total na taxa de desemprego brasileira por meio de um modelo de cointegra.ao entre salário real médio, produto real per capita e taxa de desemprego proposta por Balmaseda et al. (2000). De acordo com a hipótese adequada dada pelo teste de cointegração [histerese parcial (fraca) ou histerese total (forte)], estimamos um modelo SVAR para identificar tr.s choques: produtividade, demanda e oferta de trabalho. Estimado o modelo, analisamos a dinâmica do salário real médio, da produto real per capita e da taxa de desemprego e da variância dos erros de previsão. No segundo ensaio ou artigo, "Hysteresis in a New Keynesian DSGE", expandimos o modelo de desemprego de Gal. (2011a,b) para considerar a hipótese de histerese na taxa de desemprego. Com histerese total, os vários choques que afetam a economia tem um efeito permanente sobre o emprego e a taxa de desemprego.Em uma economia deste tipo a taxa de desemprego não tende a uma certa media ou a uma "taxa natural" de desemprego no longo prazo. Neste artigo inserimos histerese no modelo Novo-Keynesiano padrão e estimamos dois DSGEs bayesianos, um com histerese e outro sem histerese, e comparamos seus comportamentos em relação as funções de resposta ao impulso e decomposição da variância do erro de previsão.
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to analyze the effects of the possible hysteresis presence on the Brazilian unemployment rate. We will pursue this objective through two essays or papers. In the first essay or paper, "Dynamic Effects of Hysteresis in Brazilian Unemployment", we will test the hypothesis of total hysteresis presence in the Brazilian unemployment rate through a cointegration model between real wage, real output per capita and unemployment rate proposed by Balmaseda et al. (2000). According to the adequate hypothesis given by the cointegration test [partial (weak) hysteresis or total (strong) hysteresis ], we estimated to SVAR model to identify three shocks: productivity, demand and labor-supply. With the SVAR model identified, we analyze the dynamics of real wage, real output and unemployment rate and the forecast errors variance (FEV). The sample we have covers the 1982Q3-2015Q4 period. In addition to estimating the model for the full period, we divide the sample into three parts to deal with the transformations suffered by the Brazilian economy in such period. The splits are: ''before Real Plan" (1982Q3-1994Q2), ' after Real Plan" (1994Q3-2015Q4) and ' Inflation Targeting" regime (1999Q1-2015Q4). In the second essay or paper, "Hysteresis in a New Keynesian DSGE", we expand the Gall (2011a,b) unemployment model to consider the hysteresis in unemployment rate hypothesis. With full hysteresis, the various shocks affecting the economy have a permanent effect on employment and unemployment rate. In an economy of this type the unemployment rate do not tend to a certain mean or to a "natural rate" of unemployment in the long-run. In this paper we insert hysteresis in the standard New Keynesian Model and estimate two Bayesian DSGEs, one with hysteresis and other without hysteresis, and compare their
42
Lou, Zhijian. "Determination of unemployment duration in Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ64607.pdf.
43
Stewart, Susan. "Unemployment in Australia : an econometric investigation /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1986. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EC/09ecs851.pdf.
44
Lou, Zhijian 1957. "Determination of unemployment duration in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36641.
Abstract:
In an effort to explore various difficulties in the process of reemployment, the focus of this study is how, to what extent, and in what way length of unemployment duration is generated by the interplay between the structural characteristics of the labor market and the individual characteristics of unemployed workers. The structural resources are conceptualized in terms of (1) different types of reemployment, and (2) economic sectors. It turns out that the insertion of labor market structures into research on unemployment duration is quite valuable in improving our understanding of individual reemployment behavior.The findings show that reemployment through job recalls is relatively easier than through job switches. Even though many unemployed workers remained to benefit from the structural buffer of internal labor markets in their struggle for reemployment, workers losing core-sector jobs are found to have more difficulty in switching to a new job relative to those losing peripheral jobs. The finding illustrates a critical weakness of internal labor markets in reallocating unemployed workers.
Furthermore, the impact of the labor market location of lost jobs is also observed in both the manner and the extent to which the individual attributes of unemployed workers affect the process of reemployment. (1) More education substantially improves the reemployment chances of workers losing core-services jobs, but not workers unemployed from other sectors. (2) The reemployment probability of workers losing core-services jobs is increased with an improvement in general education whereas the reemployment probabilities of workers losing core goods-production jobs tend to increase with an accumulation in firm-specific skills. (3) Men tend to maintain their reemployment advantage through their access to internal labor markets whereas women improve their reemployment probability by benefiting from job expansion in service industries. (4) Experienced core-service workers tend to have a shorter unemployment duration than young ones when their jobs are available for recall, whereas experienced peripheral goods production workers often have a competitive disadvantage in switching to a new job. And (5) UI benefits slow down the job-recall rate substantially but have little impact on the individual behavior of searching for a new job. The problem of timing termination of unemployment duration to coincide with exhaustion of UI benefits is much more severe for the job-recall rate than for the job-switch rate.
45
Kapadia, Sujit. "Essays on unemployment and inflation dynamics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425721.
46
Buranavityawut, Nonthipoth. "Unemployment Risk and The Equity Premium." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518792.
47
Nekoei, Arash. "Essays on Unemployment and Labor Supply." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11557.
Abstract:
Contrary to the predictions of standard reservation-wage search models, empirical studies consistently find that an extension of UI increases unemployment duration \textit{without} improving subsequent wages. Chapter 1 addresses this puzzle in two steps. First, using administrative data from Austria and an age-based regression discontinuity design, we show that an extension of UI eligibility by nine weeks increases the average reemployment wage by a statistically significant 0.5\%. We find that the UI effect on both unemployment durations and reemployment wages is larger for individuals with a high ex-ante likelihood of benefit exhaustion and for those laid off during local industry-specific downturns. Second, we show both theoretically and empirically that the UI effect on expected wage is determined by two offsetting forces: (i) agents on UI increase their reservation wages, which raises subsequent wages, but (ii) they also stay unemployed longer and thus experience a greater decrease in job opportunities, which reduces subsequent wages. Together, these results show that UI does have an economically significant impact on job quality consistent with theoretical predictions.Economics
48
Knights, Stephen J. R. "Unemployment persistence : theoretical and empirical developments." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:30b31d1e-9fe4-4ae2-ab52-ca93e03627f9.
Abstract:
This thesis presents three chapters on the subject of unemployment persistence. Two of the chapters are empirically focussed and the other is a purely theoretic work. Unemployment persistence is defined as the existence of serial correlation in individual employment outcomes. The first chapter finds evidence for unemployment persistence among men and women in the Australian youth labour market. Individual labour market dynamics are analysed using the Australian Longitudinal Survey. The analytic framework used is a Random Effects Probit model, incorporating lagged employment status as an explanatory variable status. Results support a “scarring” effect of unemployment upon individuals’ future employment prospects. The second chapter provides decision-theoretic foundations for unemployment persistence, based upon heterogeneous intrinsic productivity among workers. A representative firm is assumed to receive an imperfectly precise signal of worker ability every period, and re-forms its beliefs every period using a Bayesian updating method. A model of the dynamic behaviour of optimal employment decisions by the firm is constructed. It is shown that under certain circumstances workers of all productivities may be “scarred” in the eyes of the firm by past unemployment, due to the firm’s being unwilling to hire from an unemployment pool of dubious quality. The third chapter presents a detailed investigation into how to measure unemployment persistence within the UK. The chapter presents several modelling strategies capable of being used to analyse panel data of a binary nature, and discusses how to decide which methods are most appropriate in particular environments. Panel data on men from the British Household Panel Survey are used to estimate a structural state dependence equation in employment status, where lagged employment status is used as an explanatory variable. Particular attention is given to controlling for unobserved heterogeneity between individuals. The empirical results indicate strong evidence of unemployment persistence.
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Walsh, Susan. "Individual and family adaptation in unemployment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240170.
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Wagstaff, R. A. S. "Unemployment and health : an economic analysis." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355524.