Academic literature on the topic 'Unemployment – Soviet Union'

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Journal articles on the topic "Unemployment – Soviet Union"

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Porket, J. L. "How Much Unemployment in the Soviet Union?" Economic Affairs 7, no. 1 (October 1986): 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0270.1986.tb01809.x.

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Wiles, P. J. D., and J. L. Porket. "Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union." Economic Journal 100, no. 402 (September 1990): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233703.

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Chapman, Janet G. "Work, employment and unemployment in the Soviet Union." Journal of Comparative Economics 15, no. 2 (June 1991): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-5967(91)90099-f.

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Seksenbayev, Nursultan, Ken Inoue, Elaman Toleuov, Kamila Akkuzinova, Zhanna Karimova, Timur Moldagaliyev, Nargul Ospanova, Nailya Chaizhunusova, and Altay Dyussupov. "Is the Association between Suicide and Unemployment Common or Different among the Post-Soviet Countries?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 13, 2022): 7226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127226.

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The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) collapsed in 1991 and separated into the 15 post-Soviet countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The post-Soviet countries have faced many economic problems, including unemployment. The association between suicide and unemployment in post-Soviet countries has not been well studied. Here, we researched the annual suicide rate and the unemployment rate during the 28-year period from 1992 to 2019 in the 15 post-Soviet countries. We calculated the correlation coefficients between the suicide rate and the unemployment rate in each of the countries during this period, and we determined the association between the suicide rate and unemployment rate. Our major findings were that (1) the suicide rates among both males and females were significantly associated with the unemployment rate in nearly half of the 15 countries, and (2) for nearly 70% of the males in the entire set of 15 countries, there was an association between the suicide rate and the unemployment rate. Suicide-prevention researchers and organizations should be aware of our findings, and specific suicide-prevention measures based on these results are desirable.
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Flick, Uwe, Benjamin Hans, Andreas Hirseland, Sarah Rasche, and Gundula Röhnsch. "Migration, Unemployment, and Lifeworld." Qualitative Inquiry 23, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800416655828.

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Migration is an issue for many countries. It affects several areas of social problems, for example, work and unemployment. A relevant issue to study in the context of unemployment and social welfare is, “Which are experiences of migrants with different language backgrounds in finding work and support?” For a running study with episodic interviews and mobile methods with migrants from the former Soviet Union to Germany, several issues are discussed in a “new critical inquiry”: Critical issues in the studied area (help, control, normative claims); applying (familiar) qualitative methods (interviewing in various languages and cultural backgrounds or mobile methods); triangulation in a new critical migration research.
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Cave, Martin. "The turning point: revitalizing the Soviet economy and Work, employment and unemployment in the Soviet Union." International Affairs 67, no. 1 (January 1991): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2621285.

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Mahmood, Mir Annice. "International Labour Office. World Employment Report 1998-99. Employability in the Global Economy: How Training Matters. Geneva: ILO. 248pp.Paperback. Price US$34.95." Pakistan Development Review 37, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i2pp.191-192.

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Statistics reveal that some one billion employable workers are unemployed— almost 33 percent of the total global workforce. Unemployment has therefore come to be a significant political issue in Western Europe, the developing world, and the former ‘tiger’ economies of the Far East and South East Asia. Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, undergoing a process of structural reform, have also significant populations that are in search of employment. The world outlook for employment is therefore very grim. Such high levels of unemployment cause major economic losses not only to national economies but also to the world economy by reducing growth rates, thereby further adding to the problem of unemployment, a vicious cycle indeed. The rise of unemployment levels requires radical new measures that need to be put in place if this problem is to be tackled effectively at the national and international levels.
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Pinder, John. "The European Elections of 1994 and the Future of the European Union." Government and Opposition 29, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 494–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1994.tb01239.x.

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Between The European Elections of June 1989 and those of June 1994, the voters had to digest an extraordinary diet of change. The cold war ended, leading to the unification of Germany and replacing one monolithic security problem by a diversity of problems, including, most agonizingly, Bosnia. The Soviet Union disintegrated. Recession brought unemployment above 10 per cent for the European Union as a whole. Many were bemused by the complexity of the Maastricht Treaty and the political conflicts engendered by some of its major elements. Foremost among these was the project for the single currency, promoted by France in order to anchor Germany yet more firmly in the Union. The idea of a ‘common defence’ as a backbone for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) also had this motivation.
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Siegelbaum, Lewis H. "The Condition of Labor in Post-Soviet Russia." Social Science History 28, no. 4 (2004): 637–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012876.

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Labor (meaning both wage workers as well as their collective representation) in Russia was a major loser in the decade following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Aggregate data on prices, average wage and pension levels, wage arrears, and unemployment indicate a serious decline in workers’ standard of living that is unprecedented in the post-World War II era, while strike data show an upsurge in this form of worker militancy during the mid-1990s but a decline thereafter.This article seeks to explain both why these developments occurred and what prevented workers from adequately defending their collective interests. Four explanations have been advanced by Western and Russian scholars. The first is that workers were victims of state policies pursued in line with the“Washington consensus” on how to effectuate the transition from an administrative-command to a market-based economy. The second points to workers’ attitudes and practices that were prevalent under Soviet conditions but proved inappropriate to post-Soviet life. The third, claiming that several key indices of workers’ standard of living are misleading, denies that labor has been a loser. The fourth and most compelling of the explanations is derived from ethnographically based research. It argues that despite changes in the forms of property and politics, power relations at the enterprise level remained intact, leaving workers and their unions dependent on the ability of management to bargain with suppliers of subsidies and credits. The article concludes with some observations about workers’ survival strategies and the extent to which collective dependence on economic and political strongmen has worked against structural change in favor of labor.
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Brown, Kate. "Introduction." International Labor and Working-Class History 73, no. 1 (2008): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547908000070.

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In 1980, Poles were the first to jump the communist ship and organize outside of the Communist Party, forming a ten-million strong alternative labor union, Solidarity. When the Communist government banned the Union in 1981, Poles refused to dissolve it. They went underground forming Solidarity-sponsored schools, theaters, newspapers, and political groups. In so doing, Solidarity activists created an alternative civil society that emerged nearly intact in 1989 when Poles were the first to throw off Soviet-backed communism. Yet now, in this land of self-liberation and freedom, the highly conservative Law and Justice party, led by Lech and Jaroslaw Kaczyński, won the 2005 elections on a pro-Catholic, antigay, antiabortion, anticommunist, and xenophobic platform. Now the Kaczyński government is hounding government officials, professors, lawyers, doctors, managers, journalists, judges, and bank managers out of jobs for refusing to declare whether or not they collaborated with the communist security forces. Poles, who during the Solidarność era reached out in solidarity to activists around the world, are now redefining Polish citizenship as singularly Polish and Catholic. Founded as a worker's movement, Solidarity has overseen the diminution of the Polish working class, the emasculation of unions, the downward spiral of purchasing power, and one of the highest unemployment rates in Europe.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Unemployment – Soviet Union"

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MARNIE, Sheila. "The Soviet labour market in transition." Doctoral thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5001.

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Defence date: 3 February 1992
Examining board: Prof. A. B. Atkinson (London School of Economics) ; Prof. S. Malle (Università di Verona) ; Prof. A. McAuley (University of Essex) ; Prof. J. Micklewright (European University Institute, supervisor) ; Prof. D.M. Nuti (European Commission, Brussels, supervisor)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Books on the topic "Unemployment – Soviet Union"

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Porket, J. L. Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10930-2.

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College, St Antony's, ed. Work, employment and unemployment in the Soviet Union. London: Macmillan Press, in association with St. Antony's College, Oxford, 1989.

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Work, employment, and unemployment in the Soviet Union. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.

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Commander, Simon. Why is unemployment low in the former Soviet Union?: Enterprise restructuring and the structure of compensation. Washington, DC: World Bank, Economic Development Institute, New Products and Outreach Division, 1996.

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Commander, Simon. Why is the unemployment low in the former Soviet Union: Enterprise restructuring and the structure of compensation. Washington DC: World Bank, 1996.

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Cem, Mete, and World Bank, eds. Economic implications of chronic illness and disability in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2008.

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Bertram, Silverman, Vogt Robert C, and Yanowitch Murray, eds. Labor and democracy in the transition to a market system: A U.S.-post Soviet dialogue. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 1992.

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Porket, J. L. Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union. Palgrave Macmillan, 1989.

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Porket, J. L. Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union. Palgrave Macmillan, 1989.

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Commander, Simon, and Andrei Tolstopiatenko. Why is Unemployment Low in the Former Soviet Union? Enterprise Restructuring and the Structure of Compensation. The World Bank, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-1617.

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Book chapters on the topic "Unemployment – Soviet Union"

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Porket, J. L. "Soviet Union and Russia." In Unemployment in Capitalist, Communist and Post-Communist Economies, 124–34. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230374225_13.

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Porket, J. L. "Types of Unemployment." In Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union, 17–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10930-2_2.

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Porket, J. L. "Open Unregistered Unemployment." In Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union, 93–113. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10930-2_6.

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Porket, J. L. "Types of Economic System." In Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union, 3–16. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10930-2_1.

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Porket, J. L. "Prospects." In Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union, 181–203. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10930-2_10.

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Porket, J. L. "The First Decade." In Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union, 43–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10930-2_3.

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Porket, J. L. "The Stalin Era." In Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union, 56–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10930-2_4.

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Porket, J. L. "The Post-Stalin Era." In Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union, 72–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10930-2_5.

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Porket, J. L. "Overmanning." In Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union, 114–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10930-2_7.

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Porket, J. L. "The Use of Educational Qualifications." In Work, Employment and Unemployment in the Soviet Union, 144–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10930-2_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Unemployment – Soviet Union"

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Zhumakunova, Tolkun, and Raziya Abdiyeva. "Public Debt and Public Debt Administration in Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01842.

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Public debt and public debt administration in recent years became significant economic problem of most countries. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kyrgyzstan has faced with public debt problem. Sharp decline of production, high level of unemployment and the need for economic and structural reforms during transition to market economy caused a large budget deficit. Budget deficit and public debt problems still remain as one of important macroeconomic issues in Kyrgyzstan. The purpose of our paper is to overview public debt politics and analyze public debt administration in Kyrgyzstan. Also to investigate legal framework of public debt, transparency, risks and effectiveness of public debt administration in Kyrgyzstan.
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Öngel, Volkan, and Serdar Kuzu. "An Evaluation of the Major Indicators of Economical Crisis in Central Asian Countries within the Framework of Global Financial Crisis of 2008." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00478.

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Several financial crises that have different causes and effects occured in financial markets in which globalization takes its effect increasingly. Central Asian Countries which have gained their independence after the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 both faced important socio-cultural and political changes and were affected many global crises during 1991-2012. The global financial crisis which occured in the USA in 2008 as a mortgage crisis spreaded as a result of globalization and affected the developing economies. 2008 global financial crisis caused trouble especially in macroeconomic issues such as employment, production, supply, demand, level of welfare, openness, price stability, economic growth, inflation and unemployment. This study aims to imply how the selected Central Asian Countries have been affected by the 2008 global financial crisis and their future expectations by analysing leading macroeconomic indicators. In this context, the effects of the global financial crisis on macroeconomic variables of Kazakhistan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan will be interpreted. In the light of these indicators, it will be analysed if there are leading indicators for a coming economic crisis in Central Asian Countries and also how their economic structure will be in the near future.
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Yurtseven, Ahmet. "An Evaluation of Turkistan Tradesman in Terms of Social Policy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c03.00396.

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The Republic of Kazakhstan is one of those countries that declared their independency after collapse of former Soviet Union. It tries to implement the market economy. The petroleum sector is one of the top of the rapidly developing economic sectors. But it is not a labor intensive sector. Poverty and unemployment are the main socioeconomic problems. The level of the wages is low throughout the country. Even though poverty exhibits tendency to drop, it prevails in the rural area. In our study, socio-economic structure, organization, working relations, social-cultural life, consumers’ characteristics, and problems of bazaar tradesman in the Turkistan city are being introduced. The average of age of 66% of Turkistan bazaar tradesman, most of them are women, is between 20 and 40, the rate of marriage for 6-11 years is 30%, average number of children is 3, schooling rate is 100%. Turkistan bazaar tradesman’s saving habit is 24%, percentage of insured ones is 6%, the percentage of them who take advantage of laws that arrange the working life is 27%. Although the Republic of Kazakhstan has a large land, it has population problems. Literacy level is high with the rate of 98%. Policies in favor of increasing the number of population are being followed. The increase of the number of the children in the family is being encouraged. Policies for bringing the Kazakh citizens who live abroad and reaches up to 5-6 million into the country are being followed.
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Bulut, Cihan, Elchin Suleymanov, and Fakhri Hasanov. "Problems Encountered during the Transition to Market Economy in Azerbaijan and Solution Attempts." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00681.

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After re-gaining its independence on 18 October 1991, the Republic of Azerbaijan started to transform to the market-based economy and to integrate into the world economy. The country’s oil and natural gas reserves have been considered the main source for financing range of government programs for reforms. On the one hand, these reserves had to be used effectively; on the other hand, there was a huge demand for foreign investment for extraction. To this end, Azerbaijan has signed “Contract of the Century” in 1994. Although Azerbaijan has wide oil and natural gas reserves, it has faced a number of difficulties in its transition way. This study analyzes these problems and reforms for solving them. One of the types of the problems were related to the economic structure of the former Soviet Union: disruption of the economic ties between the republics resulted in decline of production, high levels of unemployment and prices and consequently led to an economic recession in all of the republics. Another set of problems was related to lack of sufficient institutional bases to transform to the market economy. Moreover, internal conflicts between the political parties and groups for having authority as well as political chaos in the republic can be considered other serious problems during the transition period. Furthermore, Karabakh war and occupation of 20 percent of the Azerbaijani territory by the Armenian military forces had made the situation extremely complicated. Despite all of these extremes, Azerbaijan transformed to the market-based economy decidedly and even became one of the fast growing countries of the world. Even in 2006, with the GDP growth rate of 34.5 percent, Azerbaijan was a leader among growing economies. In parallel with this significant economic development, there is still a need for some socio-economic and institutional reforms in order to get a well-functioned market-based economy in Azerbaijan.
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