Journal articles on the topic 'Unemployment movement'
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1
Gal, John. "Unemployment Insurance, Trade Unions and the Strange Case of the Israeli Labour Movement." International Review of Social History 42, no. 3 (December 1997): 357–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900011435x.
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SummaryThe goal of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the labour movement and unemployment insurance (UI). Following a brief overview of the evolution of the approach of labour movements towards UI, the focus shifts to an analysis of a case study of the Israeli labour movement. The study traces the development of the approach of this movement towards UI during the pre-state period and following the establishment of Israel. It indicates that, while the policy adopted by the Israeli labour movement in the pre-state period was similar to that of other labour movements, the motivation differed in that the goals of the Israeli movement were primarily nationalist. In the post-independence period, the labour movement objected to the adoption of UI and prevented the introduction of this programme for two decades. The reasons for this are linked to the values and perceptions of the labour movement leadership and the legacies of policies adopted during the pre-state period.
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Zhang, Ji. "UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS AND MATCHING EFFICIENCY IN AN ESTIMATED DSGE MODEL WITH LABOR MARKET SEARCH FRICTIONS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 21, no. 8 (November 22, 2017): 2033–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100516000109.
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To explain the high and persistent unemployment rate in the United States during and after the Great Recession, this effort develops and estimates a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with search and matching frictions and shocks to unemployment benefits and matching efficiency. It finds that unemployment benefits play an important role in the cyclical movement of unemployment through their effects on labor demand, a channel overlooked in previous studies. From the second half of 2008 to 2011, extended unemployment benefits may have increased the overall unemployment rate by one percentage point. In contrast, matching efficiency changes had less effect on the cyclical movement of unemployment for the same period, but significantly slowed down the recovery after 2012.
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Vanthemsche, Guy. "Unemployment Insurance in Interwar Belgium." International Review of Social History 35, no. 3 (December 1990): 349–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900001004x.
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SUMMARYIn 1900, a special type of unemployment insurance was set up in Belgium: the so-called “Ghent system”, which had some influence on the development of unemployment insurance in many European countries. This particular system was characterized by the important role played by the trade-union unemployment societies. The public authorities (in Belgium, from 1920 onwards, the central government next to the towns and provinces) encouraged the affiliation of the labourers to these societies by granting different sorts of financial support to the unemployed society members and to the societies themselves. During the crisis of the 1930s, this led to an important growth of Belgian trade-union membership. On the other hand, the quantitative growth of the labour movement due to this particular organization of unemployment insurance, led to many negative sideeffects for the trade unions (administrative chaos, financial problems, loss of combativity). Moreover, the employers' organizations strongly opposed this system of unemployment insurance, because they thought it reinforced the labour movement's power in society (strengthening of union membership, influence on wage formation, obstruction of deflation policy). This article examines the heated debates waged in the labour movement itself and between this actor, the employers' organizations and the government, to solve the many important problems posed by this type of social insurance. The Belgian pre-Second World War debate concerning unemployment insurance was of great importance for the shaping of the Welfare State in Belgium, which took its present-day form in 1944.
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Ovchinnikova, T. I., and G. N. Strukov. "Measures to reduce unemployment." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 4 (March 21, 2019): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-4-471-478.
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The article considers socio-economic measures of reduction of unemployment. In today's economic conditions, the authors highlight the state of the labour market, characterized the level of market infrastructure development, deformity in workers ' income, level of qualification of university graduates, presence of "shadow" sector of labor market ; and also movement in the labour market: natural movement, change of pension system, high level of hidden unemployment, low wages, decline of production, migration processes. The structure of the employed by age groups is considered, the indicators characterizing both the state and the movement in the labor market are studied, the decrease in the number of workers associated with natural processes is shown (decrease of fertility and increase of the level of Population mortality). The example of one of the districts of Voronezh investigated Model determining the degree of economic efficiency of the population potential; MThe dress includes calculation of Pokazatelejpotenciala labour resources of youth unemployment indicators. It is proposed to include Further formation of the labour market and reduction of unemployment rate the following mechanisms: offshoring, increase of work experience, account of migration of population, control of outflowWorkers, released from different branches of the national economy, raising the level of skills of youth, which for the first time enters the labour force, increasing the feminization of the working population (women with young children), Employment of persons unemployed in the economy, control over labour bodies and other methods of attracting temporarily unemployed population. It is proposed to expand the capacity of the labour and employment bodies not only to assess the prospects of inclusion of their work, but also to work on identifying and registering hidden Bezraboticyipo stimulating measures to reduce unemployment.
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Srzentić, Miloš. "Movement of unemployment and inflation in the Eurozone." Ekonomski pogledi 20, no. 2 (2018): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopog1802035s.
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et al., Januri. "Does COVID-19 affect GDP? A relationship between GDP and unemployment rate." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 9, no. 7 (July 2022): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.07.002.
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This study aims to examine the long-term relationship between the unemployment rate and the growth of domestic product (GDP) in Malaysia, thereby revealing unemployment's impact on GDP. In this COVID-19 pandemic situation, numerous people have lost their jobs. That indirectly increases the unemployment rate which later has a variety of negative consequences on the government, society, and individuals. The Malaysian government has taken a big step in announcing the Movement Control Order (MCO) to slow down the spread of infections. Such decisions have affected the unemployment rate, as some businesses have to reduce their employees and some high-risk companies temporarily closed to stop the spreading of COVID cases. The cointegration test is employed to identify the relationship between the unemployment rate and GDP and then validate it by analyzing the error. Quarterly unemployment rate and GDP data were obtained from the Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM) website from the first quarter of 2010 to the fourth quarter of 2020. The study found that the variables were stationary at first differencing and long-run relationships existed among them. According to the empirical findings in this study, long-run and short-run unemployment rates have a high influence on the GDP rate. However, the result contradicted one work in literature that claimed a negative association between GDP and unemployment for the past fifty years. This could have occurred as a result of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic.
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Dahlerup, Drude. "From movement protest to state feminism: The women's liberation movement and unemployment policy in Denmark." NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 1, no. 1 (January 1993): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08038740.1993.9959634.
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Raihan, Raihan, Sahat Juliwan Tarihoran, Kevin Jonay Lie, Tesalonika Sembiring, and Jhohari Jhohari. "Analisa Kebijakan Pemerintah di Kota Batam Terkait Ancaman Pengangguran Pasca Inflasi antara Tahun 2018 - 2020." Populer: Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.58192/populer.v1i4.421.
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Inflation is closely related to unemployment and the economic performance of a country. The relationship between the inflation rate and unemployment affects decisions to be taken in financial policy. The purpose of this article is to analyze government policies in Batam City regarding the threat of unemployment in inflation in 2018-2020. The method we use is library research. From the results of our analysis, we find that the highest unemployment rate is in 2020 at 11.79% . And the movement of inflation has increased and decreased. We also analyze the policies that can be taken by the Batam city government in overcoming this problem.
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Nattrass, Nicoli. "Meeting the Challenge of Unemployment?" ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 652, no. 1 (January 30, 2014): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716213511189.
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South Africa has one of the highest rates of unemployment in the world. Job creation is a national priority, yet labor-intensive options are derided by the trade union movement as an unacceptable throwback to the “cheap labor” policies of apartheid, and effectively ruled out by the government in its recent National Development Plan (NDP). Instead, minimum-wage setting in South Africa continues to contribute to job destruction (as evidenced most recently in the clothing industry). Policy-makers hope that support for high-productivity firms and rapid economic growth will make up for job losses and solve the unemployment problem. Unfortunately, South Africa’s economic performance has been comparatively disappointing and constrained by negative investor sentiment, especially with regard to the labor market. The NDP has called for a social accord between labor and capital. But the prospects are not promising, and unemployment is likely to remain a significant feature of the South African economic landscape.
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Camarero, Mariam, and Javier Ordóñez. "Is there a nonlinear co-movement in the EU countries' unemployment?" Economics Letters 93, no. 2 (November 2006): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2006.04.002.
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Khosrowkhavar, Farhad, and Saeed Paivandi. "Intellectuals and Social Movements in Iran in the 14th SH Century: A Narrative of Ups and Downs." Freedom of Thought Journal, no. 11 (April 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53895/vwah6437.
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This article focuses on the place of intellectuals in the main social movements over the course of a century in Iran. Four social movements have been chosen according to their importance during this period: the post-World War II nationalist movement that gathered around the nationalist government of Mossadegh; the anti-monarchy social movement (1978-79) associated with the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty and the advent of the Islamic Republic in Iran; the Green movement, which organized around electoral integrity in 2009, and the popular revolts of 2017 and 2019, which addressed governmental corruption, democracy, and the future of the country. The article analyzes how the role of intellectuals has evolved through contemporary history in Iran. As such it traces the course from a nationalist social movement (1950-53), in which intellectuals had a significant role, up to more recent popular revolts (2017-19) against poverty, unemployment, and state corruption, in which the effective participation of intellectuals was minimal. The article proposes the following tripartite typology of modern Iranian social movements in relation to intellectuals: the category of social movements with "prophetic" intellectuals; the category of social movements which give birth to their own intellectuals on the spot; the category of social movements which are devoid of intellectuals. The article focuses on the crisis of intellectuals in recent social movements in Iran.
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Seifert, Roger. "Wal Hannington and the unemployed workers’ struggles in Britain in the 1930s." Theory & Struggle 122, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ts.2021.3.
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Wal Hannington’s hallmark leadership of the National Unemployed Workers’ Movement (NUWM) in the UK in the 1930s was built on a clear understanding of the causes of unemployment and therefore possible remedies; a highly sensitive and morally profound awareness of the consequences of unemployment for both the unemployed and their families and for those still in work; and a realisation that the struggle was political in the true sense — a question of the abuse of power by those in charge and the need to mobilise countervailing power of the people in struggle. It was this communist emphasis on class struggle that enabled the movement to be effective at every level — in the labour exchanges, in the streets and homes, in the trade union offices, and in the council and parliamentary chambers.
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Będowska-Sójka, Barbara. "Unemployment Rates Forecasts – Unobserved Component Models Versus SARIMA Models In Central And Eastern European Countries." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2017-0014.
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In this paper we compare the accuracy of unemployment rates forecasts of eight Central and Eastern European countries. The unobserved component models and seasonal ARIMA models are used within a rolling short-term forecast experiment as an out-of-sample test of forecast accuracy. We find that unemployment rates present clear unconditional asymmetry in three out of eight countries. Half the cases there is no difference between forecasting accuracy of the methods used in the study. In the remaining, a proper specification of seasonal ARIMA model allows to generate better forecasts than from unobserved component models. The forecasting accuracy deteriorates in periods of rapid upward and downward movement and improves in periods of gradual change in the unemployment rates.
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Yabuuchi, Shigemi. "Someday My Prince Will Come: Unemployment, Income Transfer and International Factor Movement." Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics 14, no. 2 (August 2007): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16081625.2007.9720793.
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STOCKTON, DAVID J. "RELATIVE PRICE DISPERSION, AGGREGATE PRICE MOVEMENT, AND THE NATURAL RATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT." Economic Inquiry 26, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1988.tb01666.x.
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Badimon, Montserrat Emperador. "Does unemployment spark collective contentious action? Evidence from a Moroccan social movement." Journal of Contemporary African Studies 31, no. 2 (April 2013): 194–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2013.781319.
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Dongfang, Han. "A voice for the millions." Index on Censorship 26, no. 1 (January 1997): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030642209702600117.
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Industrial workers are the biggest losers in China's scramble for modernisation. Unemployment is growing, work conditions are appalling, strikes are commonplace. The exiled founder of China's independent labour movement sets the scene for future upheaval
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BAHARIN, ROZIANA, and Muhammad Azri Abdullah. "GRADUATE UNEMPLOYMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN MALAYSIA." Labuan Bulletin of International Business and Finance (LBIBF) 20, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/lbibf.v20i2.4075.
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The COVID-19 epidemic has had a negative impact on many sectors, particularly the Malaysian economy. To prevent the spread of this illness, the government has taken extraordinary steps, issuing Movement Control Orders (MCO) throughout the nation. The consequence of this MCO prevents the firm from working regularly and creates losses to the point where the company must lay off some of its workers to fund the company's operating expenses. This has resulted in a rise in unemployment, as well as making it harder for graduates to join the labour market today. As a result, a research was done to identify the reasons that made it difficult for potential graduates to access the labour market during the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as solutions to this issue. Due to the Movement Control Order, a total of 200 respondents completed a questionnaire created using the Google Form platform and disseminated online (MCO). According to the conclusions of this research, the primary element that makes it difficult for graduates is due to factors of the economic slowdown, particularly during current pandemic, which generates heightened rivalry between graduates and retrenched workers to access the labour market. The study's findings are likely to make prospective graduates more aware of the problems that await them after graduation.
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Saadullah, Chnin M. S. "Obstacles of economic reform in the Kurdistan region of Iraq." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 8, no. 4 (October 21, 2019): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v8n4a454.
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The economic and political conditions for the period (2003-2014) were an appropriate opportunity for an economic reform movement, but the existence of obstacles led to the waste of economic resources, which did not help in the construction of infrastructure for the Kurdistan Region, causing the failure to provide public services for the current and future generation, but was wasted on salaries Fictional privileges and random appointments were more than half of the class of peasants and skilled workers who did not complete primary school, which weighed on the budget and disrupted the market movement, causing increased import-to-supply ratios. The granting of privileges and jobs to the unworthy has left the government unable to make payments to new graduates, increasing unemployment rates over time.Hence, the research will try, despite the lack of sources and the difficulty of obtaining data related to the re-evaluation of the economic reform movement in the Kurdistan Region, through discussion of the problem of the concept of economic reform, to prove the concept of comprehensiveness, when perpetuating and scrutiny, and focus on the obstacles to reform, and the relationship of these Economic reform cannot succeed in isolation from other related reforms. Economic reform aims to address mistakes, reduce poverty and unemployment, and secure services and jobs that are Wyatt political action, and high levels of poverty and unemployment rates are often one of the political and administrative errors results.
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Shimer, Robert. "The Cyclical Behavior of Equilibrium Unemployment and Vacancies." American Economic Review 95, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0002828053828572.
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This paper argues that the textbook search and matching model cannot generate the observed business-cycle-frequency fluctuations in unemployment and job vacancies in response to shocks of a plausible magnitude. In the United States, the standard deviation of the vacancy-unemployment ratio is almost 20 times as large as the standard deviation of average labor productivity, while the search model predicts that the two variables should have nearly the same volatility. A shock that changes average labor productivity primarily alters the present value of wages, generating only a small movement along a downward-sloping Beveridge curve (unemploymentvacancy locus). A shock to the separation rate generates a counterfactually positive correlation between unemployment and vacancies. In both cases, the model exhibits virtually no propagation.
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De Witte, Hans. "Werkloze jongeren : links, rechts of apathisch? : Een onderzoek naar de invloed van werkloosheid op de politieke en maatschappelijke opvattingen van jongeren." Res Publica 31, no. 1 (March 31, 1989): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v31i1.18885.
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Our review of the literature shows that only a minority of youngsters shifts to a more extreme (leftist or rightist) political position because of their experience with unemployment. Unemployment deepens the political apathy of the majority of the youngsters. Unemployment isolates youngsters, so they cannot develop any involvement in polities. The"learned-helplessness" experience of unemployment also contributes to their political apathy.In 1985, 536 employed and 220 unemployed were surveyed on their political, socio-economical and religious attitudes, and their voting behaviour. Because the majority of the respondents were militants of the Christian Labour Movement, we expected the unemployed to shift to the left, rather than to become politically apathetic. The results confirm this hypothesis : the unemployed described themselves as "center left", were more radical on socio-economical issues and favored a more leftist vote that the employed. Surprisingly, the unemployed were also more sceptical about religion and more permissive in sexual ethics.
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Bošnjak, Mile. "Real effective exchange rate and unemployment across post-transition Europe." Ekonomski vjesnik 34, no. 2 (2021): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51680/ev.34.2.1.
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Purpose: The aim of this paper is to examine the co-movement between the real effective exchange rate and unemployment across post-transition Europe. Methodology: The research data sample in this paper consists of monthly data from 2000M1 to 2019M6 for ten European post-transition countries. After standard correlation analysis, the research followed a wavelet coherence approach, provided time-series analysis in the time-frequency domain and illustrated evolution of the co-movements in the observed period. Results: Conventional approach research results suggest no significant correlation between variables under consideration in cases of Poland and Lithuania. In cases of Latvia and Slovenia, standard correlation coefficients were positive and not in line with the theory. Correlation coefficients supported the theoretical assumption in six other countries included in the study. Wavelet coherence analysis results provided deeper insights into the relationship over time and the frequency domain. Empirical results gained in this research revealed a decline in the unemployment rate accompanied by depreciation of the real effective exchange rate as a prominent pattern at the beginning of the observation period suggesting pro-cyclical monetary policy. Conclusion: During the crisis of 2008 no link between variables under consideration was confirmed, while after the crisis empirical results were in line with the theoretical assumption, suggesting that depreciation of the real effective exchange rate might be used as an instrument to boost employment.
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Bardarova, Snezana, Mimoza Serafimova, and Oliver Cackov. "THE ROLE OF ACTIVE EMPLOYMENT POLICIES AND THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS ON THE UNEMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN MACEDONIA." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 5 (December 10, 2018): 1467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28051467s.
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Macedonia as a relatively young country since its independence, and until today it faced with high rate of general unemployment. Unemployment was and is still expressed among young people. Unemployment and insufficient employment of young people represent a great expense for the Macedonian economy and is the reason for the active migration of the young population. The influence of the socio-political developments in the country and international politics have a major role to play in this situation. Thanks to the active measures of the state and the influence of the European Union through financing and giving directions for acting of the state in terms of regulation and giving opportunities for self-employment as well as the facilitation of business entities in terms of creating new jobs in the last years there is a slight decrease in the unemployment of young people.In the paper, are analyzed are discussed active labor market policies were undertaken with a view to stimulating the employment of young people and are analyzed and processed statistics on the rates of movement of the activity, employment and unemployment of the young population, structure of the population, key indicators for the labor market by age and structure of employment and unemployment of young people according to the level of education. At the end is offerd conclusion for the economic effects of state policy with directions for action in terms of increasing the employment of young people in Macedonia and the suppression of youth unemployment.
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Yabuuchi, Shigemi. "Unemployment and International Factor Movement in the Presence of Skilled and Unskilled Labor." Review of Development Economics 11, no. 3 (August 2007): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2007.00368.x.
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Li, Xiaochun, and Yuanting Xu. "Unemployment, Wage Inequality and International Factor Movement in the Presence of Agricultural Dualism." Review of Development Economics 20, no. 2 (April 13, 2016): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12235.
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van der Mei, Anne Pieter. "Freedom of Movement for the Unemployed and Co-Ordination of Unemployment Benefit Schemes." European Journal of Social Security 5, no. 3 (September 2003): 214–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/138826270300500303.
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Fakhrutdinova, Nailia Z. "Mass popular movement “Hirak” in Algeria - a new “Arab Spring”?" Asia and Africa Today, no. 12 (2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750017785-5.
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Serious changes are taking place in socio-political life of Algeria. The mass protest movement "Hirak", which began in 2019, after the country's president announced his decision to run for a fifth term, continues to these days. Despite his resignation, a prompt change of political leadership and elections to a new parliament, hundreds of thousands of demonstrators in all cities of Algeria insist on further democratization and genuine modernization of socio-political and socio-economic structures, taking into account the interests and needs of young people. Indeed, more than half of the population of Algeria is under 30 years old, and unemployment among them reaches 24%. A distinctive tendency of the protest movement was the active participation of young people, which, according to the new leadership of the country, is the true real wealth of the state. Analysts note the awakening of collective consciousness in Algeria. Hirak's ability to make quick decisions during a pandemic shows that demonstrations are an instrument of extremely broad public momentum. Certain positive shifts towards changes have taken place - the president, who has been in power for 20 years, has resigned. However, the political situation can hardly be called stable. Including the majority of popular revolutionary protest actions in African countries ended with an immediate deepening of conservatism, the strengthening of traditionalism and the surge of radical Islamism. Probably, only in a fairly long-term perspective we can expect a real modernized stabilization of the socio-political situation, without which progressive economic development and its derivatives: an increase in the standard of living of the population and a decrease in unemployment are unrealizable.
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Akarsu, Mahmut Zeki. "Investigating the causal relationship between economic growth, inflation, and unemployment in South Korea." Ekonomia 27, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2658-1310.27.2.3.
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Policymakers and economists consistently implement monetary and fiscal policy to control economic growth, inflation, and unemployment due to the fact that these three factors directly influence people’s living standards. Every country has a different economic characteristic structure. Economic growth and inflation have a strong correlation in some countries, while other countries have a strong correlation between economic growth and unemployment. Therefore, investigating the causal relationship among economic factors can provide us with a better understanding of how economic phenomena affect each other. In South Korea, economic growth, inflation, unemployment have been in balance since the 1998 Korean economic crisis. Hence, investigating the economic growth, inflation, and unemployment of South Korea will enlighten how these three economic indicators affect each other in a country that developed rapidly and had several economic crises. To investigate such a model, the Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) is used with the data between the years 1980 and 2019 in order to verify whether Okun’s law or/and the Philips curve hold in South Korea. The research also determines if there is either a bi-directional or uni-directional relationship if economic growth, inflation, and unemployment have a causal relationship. The research demonstrates that GDP is the main factor in South Korea that influences the other economic factors. This research paper can contribute to academia, since it has a vital outcome which shows that the mobility of the unemployment rate in South Korea is directly correlated to the movement of GDP.
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Barnard, Alex V. "‘Waving the banana’ at capitalism: Political theater and social movement strategy among New York’s ‘freegan’ dumpster divers." Ethnography 12, no. 4 (November 25, 2011): 419–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1466138110392453.
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This article presents an ethnographic study of ‘freegans’, individuals who use behaviors like dumpster diving for discarded food and voluntary unemployment to protest against environmental degradation and capitalism. While freegans often present their ideology as a totalizing lifestyle which impacts all aspects of their lives, in practice, freegans emphasize what would seem to be the most repellant aspect of their movement: eating wasted food. New Social Movement (NSM) theory would suggest that behaviors like dumpster diving are intended to assert difference and an alternative identity, rather than make more traditional social movement claims. Through the lens of social dramaturgy, I engage with New Social Movement theory by arguing that unconventional tactics like dumpster diving can also have strategic components, serving to project a favorable image of movement organizations, recruit new participants, and achieve a positive portrayal in the mainstream media.
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Saad, Noriza Mohd. "Relationship between Covid-19 pandemic and firm’s performance towards unemployment across countries." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 5072–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2038.
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As a result of the consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, stock market players issued their quick response on how coronavirus has affected the performance of firms whereby most of the affected sectors are airlines, tourism, hotels, transportation and many more. This has led to an increase in the unemployment rate worldwide. Considering this global issue, this study was aimed at investigating the relationship between unemployment with a number of confirmed cases of Covid-19 and firms’ performance as well as the controlling factors across seven (7) countries. Secondary data were utilized with the data obtained from Bloomberg and Worldometers website. The dataset for dependent as proxy by unemployment rate and explanatory variables proxies by COVID-19 and firm’s performance were then tested using multivariate regression approach. Finally, from the study, it is suggested that an increase in the number of Covid-19 cases will affect business performance as controlled by macroeconomics factors which lead to a significant positive relationship between the unemployment rates in all the countries of this study. This factor may affect the government’s decision to implement the Movement Control Order (MCO), for instance by the Malaysian Government. By Covid-19 vaccine development in the market nowadays, hopefully, the spread can be mitigated and firms’ performance can return to normalcy to avoid increasing rate of unemployment in the world.
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Friedman, Gerald. "Is Labor Dead?" International Labor and Working-Class History 75, no. 1 (2009): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790900009x.
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AbstractThe Labor Movement has entered a crisis. Declining support for unions and for socialist political movements reflects the exhaustion of a reformist growth strategy where capitalists and state officials accepted unions in exchange for labor peace. While winning real gains for workers, this strategy undermined labor and its broader democratic aspirations by establishing unions and union and party leaders as authorities over the workers themselves. In the upheavals of the late-1960s and the 1970s, dissident movements, directed as much against reformist leaders as against employers and state officials, pushed protest beyond traditional limits toward demands for popular empowerment and democracy. Union decline began then, not because workers had lost interest in collective action but because employers and state officials abandoned collective bargaining to find alternative means of controlling unrest. Capitalism entered a new post-union era, when national leaders like Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan used policies of open trade and capital flows and high unemployment to discipline labor. Abandoned by their capitalist bargaining partners, reformist unions and political parties have withered. Now, without social space for reformist movements, the labor movement can only advance by openly avowing its original goals of popular empowerment and the establishment of economic democracy.
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Gregg, Paul. "The Evolution of Special Employment Measures." National Institute Economic Review 132 (May 1990): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019013200104.
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The high unemployment of the last 15 years has brought with it a proliferation of special employment measures (SEMs). These measures all involve intervention in the labour market with varied aims and means but with a common theme namely the reduction of the claimant count of unemployment. Initially introduced as a short-term response to what was hoped to be a transient problem, the use of SEMs has now become permanent. The gradual movement from transience to permanence has coloured much of the development of these schemes and understanding it gives a clearer insight into the objectives and underlying theoretical perspective of SEMs. For although SEMs may appear as a continuum there have been a number of changes of direction in their development.
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Darkwah, Samuel Antwi, and Nahanga Verter. "Determinants of International Migration: The Nigerian Experience." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 2 (2014): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462020321.
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This paper examines some determinants of international migration in Nigeria using annual time series data spanning the period 1991–2011. Using ordinary least square regression method, the results indicate that the level of unemployment, migrants’ remittances and population growth are the key determinants of emigration from Nigeria to other countries, statistically significant at 0.01 level.In a country where unemployment rate is very high, this movement is likely to help in reducing pressures on the labour market. Migrants’ remittances might also help in alleviating poverty within households. Migrants’ remittance to Nigeria has surpassed both Foreign Direct Investment and Net Official Development Assistance inflows, making it one amongst the major sources of foreign earnings to Nigeria. Nigerians will continue to migrate to other parts of the world so long as the reasons or causes for their movement are not fully addressed i.e. if political and socioeconomic issues in the country do not improve. The Nigerian government should as a matter of urgency, create better jobs and conducive environment in order to stop people from migrating while at the same time encouraging its skilled labour abroad to return home to help in national development.
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Høgedahl, Laust, and Kristian Kongshøj. "New trajectories of unionization in the Nordic Ghent countries: Changing labour market and welfare institutions." European Journal of Industrial Relations 23, no. 4 (February 6, 2017): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680116687666.
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Unemployment insurance funds (the ‘Ghent system’), subsidized by the state and controlled by the labour movement, have contributed to high trade union densities in the Nordic countries. However, dependence on these funds as a recruiting mechanism makes trade union membership sensitive to institutional changes to unemployment insurance benefits and the institutional set-up surrounding and regulating them. In this article, we investigate recent institutional changes in the three Nordic countries following the Ghent model, Finland, Sweden and Denmark, and analyse the consequences for union and fund membership. These countries have witnessed different combinations of two types of reform, less attractive unemployment benefits plus new institutional alternatives to the traditional union-run funds, and this has led to different outcomes in each country. Benefit retrenchment and increased contributions led to a sharp decline in fund membership in Sweden, whereas this trend is less pronounced in Finland and Denmark. Instead, the main trend here has been a shift from union-led to alternative forms of fund membership, but in different ways.
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Palát, Milan. "Analysis of labour market in the Czech Republic with respect to unemployment considering other countries of EU." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 57, no. 6 (2009): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200957060189.
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The paper deals with the analysis of labour market in the Czech Republic with respect to unemployment considering other countries of EU and existing economic development. Evaluation has been carried out of the specific development of labour market, employment and unemployment in the Czech Republic in the period 1993–2008, incl. possible causes and trends of the development and international comparison of selected characteristics of labour market using adequate quantitative methods. Analysis of the Czech labour market during the period of its existence includes the evaluation of supply and demand in the labour market. The most important causes were monitored of changes in the supply in the labour market affected by the demographic development and social environment and substantial causes of changes in the demand in the labour market, which were affected by the performance of the given economics, by the growth of labour productivity and the number of available jobs. This is followed by assessing the development of unemployment in the Czech Republic and European Union. Substantial aspects were identified of the development of labour market and unemployment in the Czech Republic and EU as a whole and trends of the future development were indicated in the studied area. The international comparison of selected characteristics of labour market in the member countries of EU carried out by means of quantitative methods allowed to assess high differences among unemployment rates in this community and created another information source regarding the position of the Czech Republic in the European Union during the selected reference period. Significant differences in unemployment between all member countries point out to marked structural or institutional differences in labour markets in particular countries. Only a negligible percentage out of the total economically active population in the European Union migrates over the border of its member countries. This situation only augments a durable long-term unemployment growth in particular countries. Beside the insufficient labour force movement throughout Europe a next important problem in structural unemployment presents e.g., the incongruity in qualifications between supply and demand on the labour market. The current financial and economic crisis has cut at all previous positive unemployment development during a few months.
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Miruka, Collins Ogutu. "The depletion of narrative resources in the Kenyan trade union movement." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 4 (2015): 704–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c6_p5.
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We discuss in this study the problems of mobilization and effectiveness faced by Kenyan trade unions. In a country with high levels of unemployment and weak labour legislation, it is imperative that the labour movement devise ways of remaining relevant and effective. We combine in-depth interviews with a qualitative assessment of secondary documents on trade unions in Kenya. We do this by looking at topics addressed, characterizations of unions as well as major actors such as union leaders, workers, and political leaders. We argue that labour leaders need to enrich their vocabularies of persuasion in order to neutralize the current discourses around trade unionism in Kenya. Such an approach would enable the union leadership to acquire new repertoires of action to enhance their capacity to mobilize.
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Lange, Peter. "Mark Kesselman, Ed.: The French Workers’ Movement." Tocqueville Review 7, no. 1 (January 1986): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.7.1.351.
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The Mitterrand-Socialist experiment in government is in danger of a historical failure. After almost four years in power, things have not only failed to go as the Socialists (and for a time, their Communist partners) would have liked, but have gone decidedly badly. Few of the government’s political economic goals have been attained or seem likely to be in the near future; and the political economic failures have increasingly obscured the successful policy initiatives in other areas. Furthermore, to the extent that the government has had successes in the political economic arena, they have not been those anticipated by its core social base and ideological confrères. Nationalizations and advances in social welfare have been overwhelmed by balance-of-payments crises, high rates of inflation, and perhaps most damaging of all, high and growing rates of unemployment, much of it structural. Expansionary and egalitarian policies have given way to the “politics of rigueur” or, more pejoratively, Barrisme de gauche (Kesselman’s conclusion, p. 320).
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Lange, Peter. "Mark Kesselman, Ed.: The French Workers’ Movement." Tocqueville Review 7 (January 1986): 351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.7.351.
Full textAbstract:
The Mitterrand-Socialist experiment in government is in danger of a historical failure. After almost four years in power, things have not only failed to go as the Socialists (and for a time, their Communist partners) would have liked, but have gone decidedly badly. Few of the government’s political economic goals have been attained or seem likely to be in the near future; and the political economic failures have increasingly obscured the successful policy initiatives in other areas. Furthermore, to the extent that the government has had successes in the political economic arena, they have not been those anticipated by its core social base and ideological confrères. Nationalizations and advances in social welfare have been overwhelmed by balance-of-payments crises, high rates of inflation, and perhaps most damaging of all, high and growing rates of unemployment, much of it structural. Expansionary and egalitarian policies have given way to the “politics of rigueur” or, more pejoratively, Barrisme de gauche (Kesselman’s conclusion, p. 320).
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Abdul Rahman, Dayang Hummida Abang, Nuzaihan Majidi, Jati Kasuma, Yusman Yacob, and Dayang Affizzah Awang Marikan. "The Dynamic of Macroeconomics Elements in Malaysia: Further Insight into Causality Analysis." Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v4i1.14320.
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This paper intends to explore the causality effect between Growth Domestic Product (GDP), population and unemployment in Malaysia. Based on the observation of Malaysia’s historical data, there is a distinct movement in each of these individual macroeconomics components over the years. Past literature within the same area has illustrated various patterns on the possibility of a causal relationship that each variable has on one another. Several stages of analysis are conducted to verify the presence of causality effect from Malaysian economic perspective, which includes unit root test that employs the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF), Phillips-Perron (PP) and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin (KPSS) procedures, followed by Johansen and Juselius test of cointegration and Granger-causality test based on Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) using E-views software. Each procedure is conducted using Malaysia’s time series data for each of the three elements from 1980 to 2013 obtained from Malaysia’s Department of Statistics. Our findings revealed that there is one cointegration detected for the tested variables; whereas the results indicate that population can Granger cause unemployment in the short run. Furthermore, it is found that unemployment solely bears the effect from short run adjustment to bring about the long run equilibrium within the tested framework. This study is important for the policy maker to understand the reason behind the causality effect that could jeopardize the rate of unemployment in Malaysia. As the attention is given specifically to three variables particularly GDP, population and unemployment, this study is aimed at broadening the prospect for further investigation within the same area of macroeconomics.
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Alvarez, R. Michael, Geoffrey Garrett, and Peter Lange. "Government Partisanship, Labor Organization, and Macroeconomic Performance." American Political Science Review 85, no. 2 (June 1991): 539–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1963174.
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Governments of the Left and Right have distinct partisan economic policies and objectives that they would prefer to pursue. Their propensity to do so, however, is constrained by their desire for reelection. We argue that the ability of governments to further their partisan interests and preside over reelectable macroeconomic outcomes simultaneously is dependent on the organization of the domestic economy, particularly the labor movement. We hypothesize that there are two different paths to desirable macroeconomic performance. In countries with densely and centrally organized labor movements, leftist governments can promote economic growth and reduce inflation and unemployment. Conversely, in countries with weak labor movements, rightist governments can pursue their partisan-preferred macroeconomic strategies and achieve similarly beneficial macroeconomic outcomes. Performance will be poorer in other cases. These hypotheses are supported by analysis of pooled annual time series data for 16 advanced industrial democracies between 1967 and 1984.
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Yuryk, Yaryna. "Inter-status mobility in Ukraine’s labor market." Ekonomìka ì prognozuvannâ 2022, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/eip2022.04.065.
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The article studies the functioning of Ukraine's labor market in 2019–2021 through the prism of the status flows of labor force, for which various methodological techniques of analytical research are consistently applied, which, complementing each other, allow analyzing the flows from different angles of view. So, using micro data on labor force indicators and their characteristics, probabilistic matrices of transitions of Ukraine's population between employment, unemployment and economic inactivity are constructed, assuming that such transitions occur according to the Markov process. As a result, the scope, nature and dominant vectors of the movements of Ukrainians between the three main statuses on the labor market are revealed. Based on the algorithms for calculating Shorrock's indices – proxy indices of mobility, the author carries out an integral assessment of the intensity of inter-status movement in Ukraine's labor market. A similar assessment for a number of European countries makes it possible to propose a basis for cross-country comparison of the level of mobility in Ukraine. Using economic-mathematical modeling of multiple choice, the author reveals socio-demographic factors determining the individual's status on Ukraine's labor market, and in so doing also answers the question of stability of the observed status. It is shown that the analysis of inter-status mobility of labor force provides a powerful basis for better understanding of the functioning of the labor market, characterizes the mechanisms of adaptation of the latter and allows observing the direction and intensity of flows behind any specific change in gross employment, unemployment or economic inactivity, which makes relevant policy measures on the labor market more targeted. In particular, since the analyzed period was marked by increased unemployment in Ukraine, the author establishes the role of flows in the above mentioned dynamics and in the distribution of the risk of job loss, taking into account such socio-demographic characteristics of individuals as gender, age and education level. Understanding such connections is important for developing high quality solutions aimed at reducing unemployment in the country.
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Arendt, Łukasz, and Wojciech Grabowski. "DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEES' MOVEMENT BETWEEN LABOUR MARKET SEGMENTS." Polityka Społeczna 572-573, no. 11-12 (December 31, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5998.
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The paper studies upgrading patterns between secondary and primary segments in Polish labour market, with reference to the Segmented Labour Market theory. The type of contact (permanent vs. fixed-term) and wage distribution were used within one framework to define these labour segments. The parameters of binary choice model, based on Labour Force Survey microdata, were estimated to calculate the probabilities of shift from secondary to primary segment, and to identify supply and demand-side determinants of this upgrading. The results are, in general, in line with the trap hypothesis, pointing out to limited chances of upward shift from secondary to primary labour segment. However, this upward mobility has increased in recent years, being a result of changes in real (measured by lowering unemployment rate) and institutional sphere of the Polish labour market. Individual’s age, education attainment, propensity to invest in human capital, as well as the size of an enterprise appeared to be the most important divers of inter-segments upgrading. Moreover, regional as well as sectoral differences in probability of upgrading were identified – this probability was higher in the case of workers living in regions with large agglomerations and close proximity to the German labour market.
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Dewi, Atika Puspita, and Salamatun Asakdiyah. "PENGARUH KURS RUPIAH, TINGKAT SUKU BUNGA, DAN TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR PERTAMBANGAN MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI YANG TERCATAT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2012-2017." Jurnal Fokus Manajemen Bisnis 8, no. 2 (January 20, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/fokus.v8i2.1588.
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The monetary situation and the movement of macroeconomic variables are things that must be considered an investor in the stock trading activity in a country. The economic situation and fluctuations in macro variables in one country can affect the stock price, including the oil and gas mining sub-sector. This study aimed to examine the effect of macroeconomic variables, namely exchange rate, interest rate, and unemployment rate to stock prices. This study uses quantitative methods. The population in this study are all oil and gas mining sub-sector companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2012-2017. Sample selection technique is by using purposive sampling method. Based on predetermined criteria, acquired 7 oil and gas mining sub-sector companies sampled in this study. Data analysis techniques in this study using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the variables simultaneously exchange rate, interest rate, and unemployment rate significant effect on stock price of oil and gas mining sub-sector companies. Partially, variable Exchange Rate and Interest Rate was a significant influence on stock price, while the variable Unemployment Rates no significant influence on stock price.
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Leightner, Jonathan E. "Estimates of the Inflation versus Unemployment Tradeoff that are not Model Dependent." Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2020-0001.
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AbstractFor governments who want to improve their economies via fiscal, monetary, trade or exchange rate policies, the tradeoff between the inflation rate and the unemployment rate is extremely important. This tradeoff has become known as the Phillips curve. Among economists there is no consensus on how to model and estimate the Phillips curve. Ideally, all the factors that could affect the Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand curves should be included in the model including exchange rates, transportation costs, infrastructure, weather, income distribution, etc. No researcher has created a model that could not be criticized for omitting some important variables. This paper use Bi-Directional Reiterative Truncated Least Squares, a statistical technique that solves the omitted variables problem, to estimate the tradeoff between inflation and unemployment for 34 countries between 2002 and 2017. I find that this tradeoff varies noticeably from country to country in a given year, but that many of these tradeoffs move in the same direction over time. This common direction of movement implies that the international context for the vast majority of the countries studied is affecting the inflation versus unemployment tradeoff.
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Ulnicāns, Einārs. "Gross Domestic Product and Labour Force Development Tendencies in the Baltic States, 2000 - 2011." Lietuvos statistikos darbai 51, no. 1 (December 20, 2012): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ljs.2012.13909.
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The article with calculations analyses the development tendencies of gross domestic product, employment,unemployment, labour productivity and loss of unemployment in the Baltic States during 2000 - 2011. The results of thecalculations are explained in the description of these trends and their obvious and possible causes. A brief concept of thetheoretical background and the main formula for the calculation of labour productivity is provided as well. Conclusions aredrawn about the overall character of the development trends. The overall trends of economic development are similar in allthree countries. Gross domestic product, employment and labour productivity were growing until 2007. From 2008 to 2010they fell as a result of the economic crisis, but in 2011 all the indicators began rising again. Major changes in movement,including negative changes, are more frequently observed in Lithuania and Estonia. Differences between the countries appearin nuances, especially in Lithuania.
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Bai, Limin. "Graduate Unemployment: Dilemmas and Challenges in China's Move to Mass Higher Education." China Quarterly 185 (March 2006): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741006000087.
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China's recent upsurge in graduate unemployment has specific causes relating to economic development, education policy-making, and reforms in the economy as well as in higher education. With a focus on graduate unemployment, this study looks at the historical and socio-economic conditions for China's move to raise the level of participation in higher education, the rationale behind the 1999 decision to accelerate the pace of expansion in the tertiary education sector, and the impact of this rapid expansion on society, and on graduate employment in particular. Martin Trow's theory is adopted as a theoretical framework within which the dilemmas and challenges of China's mass higher education movement are analysed. Through examining the relationship between the development of higher education and economic growth, this report questions whether China's higher education sector should have expanded and continue to expand on such a large scale.
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Collom, Ed. "Community Currency in the United States: The Social Environments in Which it Emerges and Survives." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 9 (September 2005): 1565–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37172.
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Community currency originated as a means to empower the economically marginalized. This paper studies the US population of community currency systems using locally printed money. Eighty-two systems are identified that have been attempted in the United States since 1991. Internet searches and contact with system coordinators indicate that only 20.7% of all systems are active. Regions in which they occur are described; more than one quarter are in Pacific states. City-level Census 2000 data are employed in analyses of environmental conduciveness to determine in which types of social environments local currencies emerge and survive within. Social movement theory is engaged to identify general, population-based resources for local movements. Economic marginality and labor-market-independence hypotheses are also formulated and tested. The major findings indicate that cities with local currencies are characterized by populations with lower household incomes, higher poverty rates, higher unemployment rates, and larger self-employment sectors. Evidence is also presented indicating that community currencies tend to survive in places with younger populations, higher educational attainment, fewer married people, and less residential stability. Implications concerning the future of the community currency movement and its ability to empower the marginalized are drawn.
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Pudney, Stephen, and Jonathan Thomas. "SPECIFICATION TESTS FOR THE COMPETING RISKS DURATION MODEL: AN APPLICATION TO UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION AND SECTORAL MOVEMENT." Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics 57, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1995.mp57003004.x.
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Stanaszek, Alina. "Z nadzieją przeciw beznadziei — ruch piqueteros jako przykład samostanowienia świata wykluczonych." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 52, no. 4 (October 8, 2008): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2008.52.4.5.
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In recent years democracy in South America has been challenged by many socio-political crises. One of the reactions to this system strain is the movement of piqueteros that emerged in Argentina mainly as a response to poverty, unemployment and inequality. The paper seeks to give some possible explanations for the rapid growth and present significance of this social movement. It also shows the structural and socio-political correlations that contributed to the success of the piqueteros, who without any institutional resources or political clout have become a powerful political actor. The case of the piqueteros may be an example of an effective mobilization of the latent and excluded groups of society who despite their apparent passivity can constitute an important element of social change.
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Quirk, Victor. "The light on the hill and the ‘right to work’." Economic and Labour Relations Review 29, no. 4 (December 2018): 459–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035304618817413.
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In 1945 the Curtin Labor Government declared it had the capacity and responsibility to permanently eliminate the blight of unemployment from the lives of Australians in its White Paper ‘Full Employment in Australia’. This was the culmination of a century of struggle to establish the ‘right to work’, once a key objective of the 19th century labour movement. Deeply resented and long resisted by employer groups, the policy was abandoned in the mid-1970s, without an electoral mandate. Although the Australian Labor Party and union movement urged public vigilance to preserve full employment during 23 years of Liberal rule, after 1978 they quietly dropped the policy as the Australian Labor Party turned increasingly to corporate donors for the money they needed to stay electorally competitive. While few leading lights of today’s Labor movement care to discuss it, it is right that Australians celebrate this bold statement of our right to work, and the 30 years of full employment it heralded. JEL Codes: P16, P35, N37