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Journal articles on the topic 'Unemployment – Hungary'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Micklewright, John, and Gyula Nagy. "Unemployment assistance in Hungary." Empirical Economics 23, no. 1-2 (March 1998): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01205683.

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2

Micklewright, John, and Gyula Nagy. "Unemployment assistance in Hungary." Empirical Economics 23, no. 1-2 (July 29, 1998): 155–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001810050016.

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3

Scharle, Ágota. "Unemployment and Family Businesses in Hungary." Society and Economy 24, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/socec.24.2002.1.5.

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4

Dövényi, Zoltán. "Transition and unemployment — The case of Hungary." GeoJournal 32, no. 4 (April 1994): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00807359.

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5

AUDAS, RICK, ÉVA BERDE, and PETER DOLTON. "Youth unemployment and labour market transitions in Hungary." Education Economics 13, no. 1 (March 2005): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0964529042000325180.

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6

Fóti, Klara. "The labour market in transition: Unemployment in Hungary." Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 10, no. 4 (December 1994): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523279408415270.

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7

Köllö, J., and K. Fazekas. "Patterns of unemployment in hungary—a case study." Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 1, no. 1 (June 1990): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0954-349x(90)90030-c.

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8

Uzzoli, Annamária. "The Role of Unemployment in the Run of Life Chances in Hungary." International Journal of Population Research 2011 (December 27, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/130318.

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This paper studies the connection between health—especially life expectancy—and unemployment in Hungary. Unemployment and health are recognised as being linked, though the relationship is complex. Unemployment happens to many people mainly in the period of crisis and can be a stressful and depressing time of life. On the one hand, the general state of health of the Hungarian people is worse than justified by the level of economic development. On the other hand, the role of the present economic crisis is to be predicted in the future run of health condition. Moreover, it would probably result health deterioration for those social groups who are most affected by unemployment and poverty. The study consists of two major structural parts. The theoretical part provides an insight to the specific literature, while the empirical chapter examines the link between socioeconomic indicators, unemployment, and life chances with correlation and regression calculations.
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9

Köllo″, János, and Gyula Nagy. "Earnings gains and losses from insured unemployment in Hungary." Labour Economics 3, no. 3 (October 1996): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-5371(96)00012-7.

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10

Fodor, Éva. "Gender in Transition: Unemployment in Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 11, no. 3 (September 1997): 470–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325497011003003.

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11

Szabó, Fanni, and Mónika Röfi. "The change of youth unemployment based on the concept of precariat." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 55 (February 25, 2014): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/55/1918.

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Youth unemployment is a hot potato issue worldwide, including Hungary and its reduction is a major focal point in every country. Today's labour market is characterized by uncertainties and unpredictability while flexibility, project-related employment are emphasized, which pose different expectations on employees than before. This phenomenon is included in the concept of precariat. In the present study the labour market status, future potentials and options of youths in the Derecske district of Hungary are described.
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12

Klíma, Jan, and Milan Palát. "Development of the rate of employment and unemployment of males and females in ten associated countries of EU." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 6 (2004): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452060087.

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The paper is focused on the evaluation the rates of employment and unemployment of women, men and as a whole in ten associated countries of EU. Rates of employment were evaluated in the period 1996-2002. Rates of unemployment were evaluated in the period 1996-2003. Employment of males in all ten associated countries of EU is higher then employment of females. Unemployment of females in the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia is higher than unemployment of males and in opposite unemployment of females in Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania and Latvia is lower than unemployment of males. Trends of rates of male, female and total employment and unemployment are evaluated. Methods of regression and correlation analysis, development trends and cluster analysis were applied for the mathematical-statistical analysis.
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13

Husz, Ildiko. ""It's so little money you could make as much at home" - options for work in an impoverished rural region of high unemployment." Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 4, no. 1 (May 22, 2013): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2013.01.02.

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Hungary has a higher unemployment rate than the member states of the European Union and even most former socialist countries. This rate for 15-64 year-olds has been around 56% since 1999, as against 66% in the European Union (OECD Employment Database). There is also a high degree of regional unevenness within the country. The situation is worst in North Hungary, an area of multiple economic and social deprivations. Several pieces of research have analysed the causes of long-term unemployment and have highlighted the main social, geographical and institutional factors behind it. People of low educational attainment who live in small villages and members of the Roma minority are particularly likely to have been without jobs for a long time.
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14

DellaVigna, Stefano, Attila Lindner, Balázs Reizer, and Johannes F. Schmieder. "Reference-Dependent Job Search: Evidence from Hungary*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 132, no. 4 (May 4, 2017): 1969–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjx015.

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Abstract We propose a model of job search with reference-dependent preferences, with loss aversion relative to recent income (the reference point). In this model, newly unemployed individuals search hard since consumption is below their reference point. Over time, though, they get used to lower income and thus reduce their search effort. In anticipation of a benefit cut, their search effort rises again, then declines once they get accustomed to the lower postcut benefit level. The model fits the typical pattern of exit from unemployment, even with no unobserved heterogeneity. To distinguish between this and other models, we use a unique reform in the unemployment insurance (UI) benefit path. In 2005, Hungary switched from a single-step UI system to a two-step system, with overall generosity unchanged. The system generated increased hazard rates in anticipation of, and especially following, benefit cuts in ways the standard model has a hard time explaining. We estimate a model with optimal consumption, endogenous search effort, and unobserved heterogeneity. The reference-dependent model fits the hazard rates substantially better than plausible versions of the standard model, including habit formation. Our estimates indicate a slow-adjusting reference point and substantial impatience, likely reflecting present-bias.
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15

Sik, Endre. "The social consequences of unemployment in hungary—a household perspective." Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 9, no. 3 (September 1996): 355–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13511610.1996.9968494.

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16

Brigzalová, Lenka, Vojtěch Müllner, Jakub Odehnal, and Jiří Neubauer. "Do Economic Determinants Affect the Size of Military Spending?" Vojenské rozhledy 31, no. 3 (September 13, 2022): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.31.2022.03.063-083.

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The article aims to identify the dependence of military expenditures and selected economic determinants on the example of the V4 countries in the years 1999-2020. The following are selected as economic determinants: the size of the gross domestic product, the rate of inflation, the debt and deficit of the government sector and unemployment. Correlation analysis proved the expected relationship between the gross domestic product and the military expenditure of Hungary and especially Poland. The relationship between military spending and unemployment was confirmed for Poland, Hungary and Slovakia, the expected relationship between military spending and government debt for the Czech Republic. The linear regression model confirmed the positive effect of the gross domestic product on military expenditure in the case of Poland, the effect of the increase in military expenditure due to rising inflation in Hungary and the negative effect of increasing state indebtedness in the case of the Czech Republic. At the same time, the results did not confirm the uniformity of the factors affecting the size of the military factors in the analyzed V4 countries.
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17

Leightner, Jonathan E. "Do Imports Increase Unemployment? Empirical Estimates That Are Not Model Dependent." Frontiers of Economics in China 16, no. 3 (December 22, 2021): 447–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54605/fec20210302.

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Some Ricardian models would predict a fall in unemployment with trade liberalization. In contrast, the Heckscher-Ohlin model (Stolper Samuelson Theorem) would predict trade liberalization would cause a fall in wages for labor scarce countries, resulting in greater unemployment if there are wage rigidities. The choice of which theoretical model is used affects the empirical results obtained. This paper produces estimates of the change in unemployment due to a change in imports that are not model dependent. The estimates produced are total derivatives that capture all the ways that imports and unemployment are correlated. I find that unemployment increases with increased imports for Austria, Greece, Japan, Portugal, South Korea, Slovenia, and Sweden, but that unemployment decreases with increased imports for Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Slovakia, Spain, the UK, and the US.
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18

Çağlayan Akay, Ebru, Zamira Oskonbaeva, and Hoşeng Bülbül. "What do unit root tests tell us about unemployment hysteresis in transition economies?" Applied Economic Analysis 28, no. 84 (October 26, 2020): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aea-05-2020-0048.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the hysteresis hypothesis in unemployment using monthly data from 13 countries in transition. Design/methodology/approach Stationarity in the unemployment rate of selected transition economies was analyzed using four different group unit root tests, namely, linear, structural breaks, non-linear and structural breaks and non-linear. Findings The empirical results show that the unemployment hysteresis hypothesis is valid for the majority of transition economies, including Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, the Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovenia. However, the results strongly reject the null hypothesis of unemployment hysteresis for the Kazakhstan and the Slovak Republics. Originality/value This study revealed that, for countries in transition, advanced unit root tests exhibit greater validity when compared to standard tests
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19

Lindner, Attila, and Balázs Reizer. "Front-Loading the Unemployment Benefit: An Empirical Assessment." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 140–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20180138.

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We estimate the effect of front-loading unemployment benefit payments on nonemployment duration and reemployment wages. Exploiting a sharp change in the path of benefits for those who claimed unemployment benefits after November 1, 2005 in Hungary, we show that nonemployment duration fell by two weeks, while reemployment wages rose by 1.4 percent as a result of front-loading. We show that these behavioral responses were large enough to offset the mechanical cost increase of the unemployment insurance. We argue that our results indicate that benefit front-loading was a Pareto improving policy reform as both unemployed and employed workers were made better off. (JEL D91, J31, J64, J65)
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20

Gallova, A., M. Olah, I. Kmit, A. Murgova, M. Popovicova, V. Krcmery, D. Hennelova, et al. "Spectrum of Humanitarian Help to migrants of War from Multi-ethnic vs. Mono-ethnic Regions (Note)." Clinical Social Work and Health Intervention 13, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22359/cswhi_13_2_02.

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After armed conflict due to invasion of Russian Fed forces to Ukraine, humanitarian help from neighboring countries emerged, mainly Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary,Romania, Moldova, etc. The aim of this short research note is to compare the type of humanitarian assistance from a multiethnic area of Rimavska Sobota (multi-ethnic area with about one fifth of Hungarian; a third of Roma population; a district of highest unemployment; to the Bratislava area with lowest unemployment with Slovak nationals in majority.
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21

Nienaber, Birte, Ioana Manafi, Volha Vysotskaya, Monica Roman, and Daniela Marinescu. "Challenging Youth Unemployment Through International Mobility." Journal of Social and Economic Statistics 9, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jses-2020-0002.

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AbstractYouth unemployment is a challenge in many European countries – especially since the financial crises. Young people face difficulties in the transition from education into employment. This article focuses on young mobile Europeans from six countries (Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, Norway, Romania and Spain). The research question is whether and to which extent international mobility has an impact on employability and therefore reduces youth unemployment. By using a cluster analysis of personal adaptability, social and human capital and career identity, the importance of mobility experiences for employability is analysed in a recent dataset of 5,272 young (formerly) mobile respondents. Youth mobility is established as a strong characteristic for the employability cluster. Mobility is however not the long-term aim of most of the mobile young people, since most of the mobiles choose to return to their home countries after one or more stays abroad.
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22

Lasaosa, A., J. Micklewright, E. Bardasi, and Gy Nagy. "MEASURING THE GENEROSITY OF UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT SYSTEMS: EVIDENCE FROM HUNGARY AND ELSEWHERE IN CENTRAL EUROPE." Acta Oeconomica 51, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.51.2000-2001.1.2.

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The paper considers two aspects of the targeting of unemployment benefit systems: (a) the probability that benefit is received in the population of those unemployed on standard international criteria of search and availability, and (b) the probability in the population of benefit recipients that search is conducted. The focus is on Hungary but stylised facts for a range of Central European countries and two EU comparators are derived in the first part of the paper. The second part of the paper finds that most of the large decline in coverage of the Hungarian unemployed by insurance benefit (received by only a quarter of the searching stock in 1997) cannot be explained by changes in the composition of unemployment observable in labour force survey data (including unemployment duration). The probability of active search (search other than through a state employment office) is found to be very similar for those receiving insurance and assistance benefit.
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23

Risak, Martin, and Erika Kovács. "Active and passive labour market policies in Austria and Hungary." European Labour Law Journal 8, no. 2 (June 2017): 168–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952517712128.

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This article analyses the benefits/assistance and activation initiatives for the unemployed provided by Austria and Hungary, highlighting recent changes and trends in the regulation. These two European states, which represent the Continental and the Eastern European systems, differ significantly in their history and approaches: Austria’s labour market and social security system remained quite stable in recent decades but underwent some changes that reflect a stricter and more activating approach. Hungary, on the other hand, is a post-socialist state that only had to establish an unemployment system in the 1990s and which recently limited the benefits and increased activation.
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24

Diamantis, Dimitrios V., Kalliopi Karatzi, Paris Kantaras, Stavros Liatis, Violeta Iotova, Yulia Bazdraska, Tsvetalina Tankova, et al. "Prevalence and Socioeconomic Correlates of Adult Obesity in Europe: The Feel4Diabetes Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 1, 2022): 12572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912572.

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To effectively tackle obesity, it is necessary to identify all specific socioeconomic factors which contribute to its development. We aimed to highlight the prevalence of adult overweight/obesity in European countries and investigate the association of various socioeconomic factors and their accumulative effect on overweight/obesity status. Cross-sectional data from the Feel4Diabetes study for 24,562 adults residing in low socioeconomic areas were collected, representing Belgium, Finland, Greece, Spain, Bulgaria, and Hungary. Socioeconomic Burden Score (SEBS) was created, accounting for unemployment, financial insecurity, and education ≤ 12 years. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and logistic regression. In total, 19,063 adults with complete data were included (34.5% overweight and 15.8% obese). The highest overweight/obesity rates occurred in Greece (37.5%/17.8%) and Hungary (35.4%/19.7%). After adjusting for confounders, age of <45 years and female sex were inversely associated with overweight/obesity, while low educational level (≤12 years), unemployment, and financial insecurity were positively associated. The increase in SEBS (clustering of socioeconomic disadvantages) was associated with increased overweight/obesity likelihood. This association of SEBS scores with overweight/obesity was evident for males and females across all examined countries, excluding males in low-income countries (Bulgaria and Hungary), where the highest SEBS score was inversely associated with overweight/obesity. The clustering burden of socioeconomic disadvantages on overweight/obesity was found to be influenced by the countries’ economic state and sex.
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25

Fountoulakis, Konstantinos N., Xenia Gonda, Peter Dome, Pavlos N. Theodorakis, and Zoltan Rihmer. "Possible delayed effect of unemployment on suicidal rates: the case of Hungary." Annals of General Psychiatry 13, no. 1 (2014): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1744-859x-13-12.

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26

Fazekas, Károly. "Types of Microregions, Dispersion of Unemployment, and Local Employment Development in Hungary." Eastern European Economics 34, no. 3 (May 1996): 3–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128775.1996.11648591.

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27

Dănăcică, Daniela-Emanuela. "Determinants of youth unemployment spells and exit destinations in Romania and Hungary." Acta Oeconomica 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aoecon.64.2014.3.4.

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The aim of this paper is to analyse determinants which cause some young Romanian and Hungarian individuals to have longer unemployment spells than others and different exit destinations. The empirical analysis is based on two large micro-datasets, obtained from the National Agency of Employment Romania and the Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Based on the competing risks specification, conclusions and suggestions for policy-makers are formulated.
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28

Dmytrów, Krzysztof, and Beata Bieszk-Stolorz. "Mutual relationships between the unemployment rate and the unemployment duration in the Visegrad Group countries in years 2001–2017." Equilibrium 14, no. 1 (April 7, 2019): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2019.006.

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Research background: The most important indicators that describe the situation on the labour market are the unemployment rate and the unemployment duration. If both these indicators are high, then the human capital deteriorates. Therefore, it seems justified to analyse the mutual relationships between them. Purpose of the article: The article aims at finding the relationships between the unemployment rate and the unemployment duration, and checking if the mutual courses of these two indicators in the Visegrad Group countries are connected with each other. Methods: The business cycle clock methodology will be used to analyse the relationship between the unemployment rate and the median unemployment duration. Next, the similarity of the course of these two indicators will be analysed by means of the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) technique. Findings & Value added: Amongst the analysed countries, Czechia, Poland and Slovakia were, to a certain degree, similar with respect to the mutual course of the unemployment rate and the unemployment duration. Until the peak of the financial crisis in 2009, the unemployment rate and the unemployment duration decreased. During the next years, the unemployment rate was increasing and after 2-3 years it was followed by the increase of the unemployment duration. The situation improved after the year 2013 — both indicators were decreasing. In Hungary, on the contrary, the unemployment rate was increasing or steady until 2012, and during the following years it started to decrease. However, the course of the unemployment duration was completely different than in remaining countries. The value added of the article is application of the business clock cycle and the Dynamic Time Warping technique in finding the relationships and similarity of courses between the unemployment rate and the unemployment duration.
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29

Ferge, Zsuzsa. "The Social Obstacles to Economic Reform in Hungary." Recherches économiques de Louvain 56, no. 2 (1990): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800031894.

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SummaryThe eastern European systems, Hungary included, need complete restructuring. Radical political reform needs take precedence over the economic reforms: no genuine economic reform is possible without a legitimate, democratically elected parliament and government. The transformation of the planned into a market economy has started before the elections. Marketization and privatisation have been pressed in the fields where resistance has been the smallest, i.e. where the losses hit the weaker groups — i.e. in case of health, social security, and such like. Also, inflation and unemployment are accepted as inevitable. The result of neoliberal measures introduced in a totalitarian way is the rapid impoverishment of the population and the increase of inequalities. The mounting tensions may become an obstacle to genuine reforms.
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30

Gábor, Kálmán. "From the periphery to the center. Theses to the interpretation of the situation of Hungarian youth abroad." Erdélyi Társadalom 2, no. 2 (2004): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17177/77171.33.

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The author – Kálmán Gábor, sociologist, youth researcher from Hungary – interprets the situation of Hungarian youth abroad from the hypothesis that in the 1990’s, after the fall of communism their position shifted from the periphery to the center. This means that the Hungarian youth abroad, as well as in Hungary, is subject to many kinds of pressure: from competition in school to unemployment, premature independence, entering the market too early, and different stress-fighting techniques. For the Eastern European youth, their central position means better chances in a harshening competition, but first of all, the urge to meet the same, or almost the same challenges as Western-European youth.
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31

Rihmer, Z., P. Dome, X. Gonda, Z. Bélteczki, A. Németh, S. Szilágyi, and J. Balazs. "Decreasing suicide mortality in Hungary – What are the main causes?" European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.342.

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Introduction Depression and suicidal behaviour are major public health problems everywhere but particularly in Hungary where until 2000 the suicide rate was among the highest in the world. Objectives To analyse the possible causes of declining national suicide rate of Hungary. Methods Review of the scientific literature on Hungarian suicide scene published in the last 40 years. Results The peak of Hungarian national suicide rate was in 1985 (46/100.000) but due to a steady and continuous, year by year decline, in 2019 it was only 16/100.000, which represents a more than 65% decrease. Rate of unrecognised/untreated mood disorders, availability of health/psychiatric care, antidepressant and lithium prescription, unemployment, smoking and alcohol consumption as well as lithium and arsenic contents of drinking water were the most investigated possible determinants of suicide mortality of the country. More widespread and effective treatment of psychiatric/mood disorder patients, decreased rate of unemployment and smoking as well as the continuously improving living standards were the most important contributors to the great decline of the national suicide rate. However, in 2020 – the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic – the national suicide rate rose by 16%, which was almost totally accounted for by the increase of suicides among males. Conclusions Suicidal behaviour is preventable in many cases, but as it is a complex, multicausal phenomenon, its prevention should involve several medical/psychiatric, psychosocial and community interventions. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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32

Adamecz-Völgyi, Anna, Petra Zsuzsa Lévay, Katalin Bördős, and Ágota Scharle. "Impact of a personalised active labour market programme for persons with disabilities." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, no. 19_suppl (February 2018): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494817738421.

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Aims: The paper estimates the impact of a supported employment programme implemented in Hungary. Methods: This is a non-experimental evaluation using a matching identification strategy supported by rich data on individual characteristics, personal employment and unemployment history and the local labour market situation. We use a time-window approach to ensure that programme participants and matched controls entered unemployment at the same point in time, and thus faced very similar labour market conditions. Results: We find that the programme had a positive effect of 16 percentage points on the probability of finding a job among men and 25 percentage points among women. The alternative outcome indicator of not re-entering the unemployment registry shows somewhat smaller effects in the case of women. Conclusions:In comparison to similarly costly programmes that do not facilitate employment in the primary labour market, rehabilitation services represent a viable alternative.
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33

Fodor, Eva, Christy Glass, Janette Kawachi, and Livia Popescu. "Family policies and gender in Hungary, Poland, and Romania." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 475–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(02)00030-2.

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This paper discusses changes and new directions in the gendered nature of the welfare state in three post-state socialist societies: Hungary, Poland and Romania. Relying on an analysis of laws and regulations passed after 1989 concerning child care, maternity and parental leave, family support, unemployment and labor market policies, retirement and abortion laws, the authors identify the differences and the similarities among the three countries, pointing out not only their status in 2001, but also their trajectory, the dynamics and timing of their change. The authors argue that there are essential differences between the three countries in terms of women’s relationship to the welfare state. They also specify some of the key historical and social variables which might explain variation across countries.
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Ose, Liesma, and Juris Osis. "Shrinking participation, growing youth unemployment and emigration: The case of Latvia and Hungary." Citizenship Teaching & Learning 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 289–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ctl.11.3.289_1.

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35

Dănăcică, Daniela-Emanuela, and Raluca Mazilescu. "Long-term Unemployment Spells and Exit States of Men in Romania and Hungary." Procedia Economics and Finance 8 (2014): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00086-0.

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36

Lipták, Katalin, Klára Szűcsné Markovics, Erika Horváthné Csolák, and Zoltán Musinszki. "A Successful Social Enterprise in Hungary." Economic and Regional Studies / Studia Ekonomiczne i Regionalne 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 220–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ers-2022-0015.

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Abstract Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the study is to describe the development of the social economy sector, the emergence of social enterprises and the rationale for their establishment. Materials and methods: It is through social enterprises, that the social economy can provide solutions to existing social and economic problems that the profit-oriented sector cannot always solve. We interviewed Szimbiózis Foundation, a social enterprise that has been thriving in Northern Hungary for decades as one of the building blocks of the social economy. Results: The example of the foundation is used to illustrate positive social benefits of social entrepreneurship in general. The Szimbiózis Foundation has been operating as a social enterprise for 15 years and has intentionally become one. A fundamental problem for people with disabilities is that they do not have marketable occupations and their educational attainment is mostly low. Appropriate quality training is needed to ensure that they learn the most relevant skills for their abilities. Having identified this problem, the Szimbiózis Foundation set out to provide training courses for people with disabilities. This improved the number of skilled workers with a disability. Conclusions: The identified outputs have a number of measurable effects, such as a reduction in local unemployment, cost savings to society, and the improved quality of life for people with disabilities.
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37

Lambovska, Maya, Boguslava Sardinha, and Jaroslav Belas, Jr. "IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Ekonomicko-manazerske spektrum 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/ems.2021.1.55-63.

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Youth unemployment is a problem in each member country of the European Union (EU). The EU seeks to alleviate this problem by implementing various programs to support young people in finding and keeping a job, thus contributing to economic growth. In 2020, the world was hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. The countries have introduced many strict measures to prevent its spread, but they have caused a significant increase in unemployment, including among young people, and thus harmed economic growth. In this paper, we analyze the unemployment of people under the age of twenty-five in the EU. We also point out how unemployment rates have increased in individual countries. This problem concerns not only countries where the youth unemployment rate had been high already, such as Greece, Spain, and Italy, but also countries with previously lower rates, for example, the Czech Republic, Netherland, Poland, and Slovenia. In the latter group of countries, the youth unemployment rate has doubled in some cases due to anti-pandemic measures. We found that the most affected countries in this regard are the aforementioned Czech Republic, where the unemployment rate at the end of 2020 rose to 2.19 times above the level at the end of 2019, and Estonia, where year-over-year youth unemployment rose by a factor of 2.5. However, unfavorable developments occurred also in Lithuania, Latvia, and Ireland. According to our results, in 2020, youth unemployment increased the least in Hungary, Italy, and Belgium. In general, however, as the situation is now much more urgent, measures to alleviate this problem need to be put in place in each country to help young people find employment and, thus, stimulate economic growth.
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38

Nándori, Eszter Siposné, and Katalin Lipták. "Social Enterprises in the Fight Against Poverty." Visegrad Journal on Bioeconomy and Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vjbsd-2022-0007.

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Abstract The study examines the evolution of poverty and social exclusion in post-socialist countries, in particular in Hungary. When examing the fight against poverty, the authors examine the role of social enterprises in poverty alleviation. A certain part of social enterprises is created to find solutions to social needs and critical social situations like increased and deep poverty or long-term unemployment. Their existence is justified by the fact that for many social problems, effective and long-term solutions cannot be provided by the governments, the market or public aid. We test whether there is any relationship between the extent of poverty and social exclusion and the spatial pattern of social enterprises established to alleviate poverty in Hungary, one of the post-socialist countries.
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Włodarczyk, Przemysław. "Monetary Policy Transmission and the Labour Market in the Non‑eurozone Visegrad Group Countries in 2000–2014. Evidence from a SVAR Analysis." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 20, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2017-0026.

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This paper is aimed at filling the gap in existing economic research by delivering new evidence on the money‑labour nexus in the emerging markets of the non‑eurozone Visegrad group countries (i.e. Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland). Analyses are based on the Strucutral VAR (SVAR) models of the monetary transmission mechanism, estimated using monthly data from the 2000:1–2014:2 period. In order to obtain impulse responses, the short‑run restrictions set, based on the monetary transmission theory, is imposed. Two different identification schemes are considered.The results confirm that there exists a nexus between monetary policy, employment, and unemployment. According to the obtained estimates monetary policy shocks invoked lagged, hump‑shaped reactions of output, employment and unemployment in each of the analysed countries.
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40

Obádovics, Csilla, and Emese Bruder. "Territorial Inequalities in Rural Hungary Based on Unemployment, Human development, Poverty and Income inequalities." Gazdaság és Társadalom 2011, no. 2 (2011): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21637/gt.2011.2.06.

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41

Saget, Catherine. "Decomposing two values of a binary variable: application to the unemployment differential in Hungary." Applied Economics 31, no. 12 (December 1999): 1609–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000368499323139.

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42

Ragadics, Tamás. "Social Processes Affecting the Families in Rural Hungary." Family Forum 10 (January 13, 2021): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/ff/2392.

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Rural poverty appears in several European regions, particularly in post-socialist countries effected by a rapid transformation of socioeconomic system. In the past decade, rural regions may have reacted to challenges of contradictory processes. Migration trends are heterogeneous; unemployment, underemployment and lack of labour power are existing problems at the same time, in the same locality. In addition, the nature of poverty has changed recently. Traditional forms of pauperization are combined with helplessness and inability for future planning and saving up. Goods and status symbols of the consumer society have high importance in families with low incomes and high debt. The aim of this paper is to describe some crucial processes triggering the transformation of family life in rural Hungary by means of a qualitative research conducted in the South Transdanubian region of Hungary. We explored the actual problems and challenges from the viewpoints of local experts (social workers and mayors) and mothers from families connected to local social systems. We also aim to examine family attitudes to labour market, services and consumption, the most important factors effecting socioeconomic conditions of deprived social groups.
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43

Lavrinenko, Olga. "Socio-economic and Socio-political Origins of Technocratic Populism in the Czech Republic and Nativism in Hungary." Populism 3, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 257–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25888072-bja10007.

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Abstract This article investigates the socio-economic and socio-political origins of populism in the Czech Republic and Hungary, discussing the reasons for the national specificity of the populism. Despite the similar triggers that had led to the strengthening of the populists, the nature of the populism in these countries is different. In the Czech Republic, populism has a technocratic nature, while in Hungary—a nativist. I presume that the rise of the unemployment rate as the result of the 2008 Great Recession contributed to the decline in the confidence towards the national and the EU parliament as well as to the rise of the negative attitudes towards migrants. In their turn, the lower level of institutional trust and the negative attitudes towards the migrants correlate with the voting for the populist parties on the national and the European elections.
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44

Benedek, András, and Péter Klekner. "Managing Economic Transition." Industry and Higher Education 11, no. 3 (June 1997): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229701100312.

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In the early stages of economic transition in Hungary, stagnation was the dominant characteristic of the country, accompanied by crisis indicators such as marked internal and especially external economic instability, instability in foreign trade, and structural impediments to development. Massive unemployment, a decrease in real wages, evident even today, and the intensification of social inequalities contributed additional tensions to the initial transition phase. In this paper, the authors first outline the main characteristics of the Hungarian economy. Then, against this background, they discuss the status of human resources development during the transition period, the economic and legal reforms taking place in the context of education and vocational training, and finally the role of the social partnership in vocational training. The discussion and conclusions drawn are intended to indicate key issues in workforce development not only in Hungary but in countries throughout the region of Eastern and Central Europe
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45

Dumitru, M. M., and B. S. Constantin. "The effects of the last global economic crisis on the suicide rate in Europe." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.104.

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IntroductionSince 1897, Émile Durkheim noted that suicides occur more often during the economic changes that disrupt the social structure of society.Objective and aimsThe objective of this study is to analyze the consequences of last global economic crisis on mortality by suicide in the EU countries in period 2007–2012.Material and methodWe extracted data on mortality from the WHO database and unemployment trends from the EUROSTAT database. We had used this data to calculate the effect of unemployment on suicide rate, in pre-2004 and post-2004 EU countries.ResultsIf the number of suicides from 2007 was maintained in 2008–2012 period, EU 27 countries would have registered with 16,572 fewer suicides. The increase of suicides is based on the increasing number of suicides in men. The small increase in the suicide rate was recorded in Austria, France, Hungary and Slovenia. Luxembourg was the only country where the number of suicides was lower compared to 2007. In 2008, we can notice a slight decrease in the unemployment rate compared to 2007 and an increase in suicide by 3% in both groups of countries, followed by increasing suicide only in the post-2004 EU, where reach 10% in 2010, followed by a slight decrease in the coming years, while the unemployment rate gradually increases to 46% compared with 2007.ConclusionsIn European Union countries, suicides have increased both before and during the crisis, in periods in which unemployment rose. States that joined the EU after 2004 are more vulnerable in times of crisis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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46

Szabó, Fanni. "Labour-market conditions of the youth in the Derecske-Létavértes sub region." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 51 (February 10, 2013): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/51/2085.

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Researches of the youth have been of great interest in social studies in the past decades, since up-coming generations provide supplies for the future, they are the so-called next generation. The problem of the young being afflicted by unemployment is more and more apparent, and not only in Hungary; moreover, in smaller, underprivileged settlements it is even more on the increase. Considering conditions of the youth in the labour-market, we can gain a valuable insight in their lifes as well as their opportunities and future prospects.
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Zieliński, Mariusz. "The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Labor Markets of the Visegrad Countries." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 7386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127386.

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused a sudden and deep recession contributing, among other things, to a sharp rise in unemployment. The article addresses changes in the labor markets of the Visegrad countries (Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia), covering the period 2018–2021. It attempts to answer the questions: how deep a slump was caused by the pandemic in these markets, how flexible forms of employment responded to it, and whether there were discriminatory phenomena (decline in employment and increase in unemployment in the most vulnerable groups in the labor market). The analysis was based on quarterly data published by Eurostat on the size and structure of the employed and unemployed population. The results of the compilations indicate a relatively small deepening of imbalances in the labor markets of the analyzed countries, a differentiated reaction of flexible forms of employment (depending on the form of employment), which was in line with expectations (they were used as a business cycle buffer). In most of the V4 countries, women were relatively less likely to lose their jobs than men during the pandemic. In a few cases, a relatively stronger decline in employment (increase in unemployment) affected young people, people aged 55–64, and people with the lowest education.
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48

Horváth, Gergely. "Mentoring Students of Disadvantaged Background in Hungary — “Let’s Teach for Hungary!” as an Equitable Intervention in the Public School System." Journal of Global Awareness 3, no. 1 (May 24, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24073/jga/3/01/06.

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The introductory study aims to give an insight into the Hungarian educational system and a mentor program aiming to facilitate development in social mobility in the country. In the Hungarian context of education, the concept of equality and equity is a current phenomenon that influences students of underprivileged families. In Hungary, among students living in the countryside, the intersectionality of disadvantages is observed. Several regions of the country have features of unemployment and low education. Thus, students from underprivileged families face a deficit of capital when entering and proceeding into the educational system. The situation is further complicated for the largest Hungarian minority, the Roma community, who face ethnic biases and misbeliefs, thus creating the cumulation of disadvantages. For students to overcome their difficulties, equitable interventions are needed. International and Hungarian literature stress the importance of developing positive psychological capital for students to become resilient. Peer-mentoring is observed as a tool to help facilitate individual changes. The study focuses on the framework of a Hungarian national peer-mentoring program called "Let's Teach for Hungary!" which aims to help primary school students (aged 11-15) with the help of university students. The theoretical analysis introduces the program and its goals. With the help of previous research conducted on the mentoring program, the study synthesizes the positive outcomes of the intervention. The research highlights the importance of equitable changes in public education and reveals the Hungarian status quo and its alternative solutions. The study creates a basis for continuing research that can open international discussion on best practices on the topic.
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Nagymáté, Nóra. "Labour market attributes of disabled people in Hungary." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2012): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/1-2/16.

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Nowadays employment is an evergreen topic in Europe. The North Great Plain Region of Hungary is a typical rural area in Hungary, the unemployment rate is higher in this region as the national average, that’s why it is important, to give the possibility of job for the people living in rural areas. This paper focuses on the relationship between the disabled and the labour market in the North Great Plain Region of Hungary. On the basis of the 8/1983 Hungarian Law many kinds of supplies are provided by the State for people living with disabilities. It is very difficult to provide jobs for these people after their rehabilitation. Statistical figures show that the highest ratio of ‘people living with disabilities’ can be found in the North Great Plain Region of Hungary (30 per cent of the total number of ‘people living with disabilities’). The research focuses on special rehabilitation firms (they are specialised to employ disabled employers) and their employees. Two questionnaires for the above mentioned firms and their employees were created in order to gather information on their activities as well as relationship between the firms and its employees. Altogether 400 employees filled in the questionnaires. The current study shows the results of this survey. It can be stated that this paper shows the relationship between the employment and the types of enterprises, and disabled workers’ qualification level, the need for further education. According to the latest trends we analyse the attitude to the rehabilitation of people living with disabilities and how they will be able to work again not only in ‘rehabilitation firms’. After summarizing all claims of participants we can make an impression in this area and demonstrate the problems for the labour market generally.
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50

Majerová, Ingrid, and Jan Nevima. "Socio‑Economic Development and Diversity of the Selected CEC Regions After the EU Enlargement." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 4 (2019): 947–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967040947.

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Development and diversity is connected not only with GDP or GNI per capita level, but often with measurement of another socio‑economic indicators as rate of unemployment, health and education fields or households equipment. The aim of this paper is, with the quantification of socio‑economic indicators, to describe the development of regional diversification using cluster analysis at the regional level of selected Central European Countries after enlargement of European Union. The regions at NUTS 2 level of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia were selected for this purpose. There are 37 regions on the NUTS 2 level – eight in the Czech Republic, seven in Hungary, sixteen in Poland, four in Slovakia and two in Slovenia. The research was made in the first two programming periods after the big enlargement of EU – from 2004 to 2006 and 2007 to 2013 with their comparison. According to hierarchical cluster procedures, using the Ward method, the five clusters were set and it was found that regional diversity still exists and positive development recorded only forty nine percent of the monitored regions.
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