Journal articles: 'Unemployment – Europe – Comparative studies'

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Zlyvko, Stanislav V., Valerii A. Bortniak, Kateryna V. Bortniak, Iryna P. Storozhuk, and Roman Z. Holobutovskyy. "Administrative reforms in Eastern Europe: A comparative legal analysis." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 69 (July 17, 2021): 814–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3969.50.

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The objective of the article was to analyze the legal regulation of the decentralization reform in Eastern Europe and its impact on the unemployment rate. Methodologically, statistical analysis, hypothetical-deductive method and correlation were used. It was found that the first stage of the reform of the New Civil Service in Poland, Ukraine, Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Latvia, and Bulgaria began in 1990, but can be called an informal preparatory stage. It is determined that the process of implementation of administrative reforms is influenced by a series of factors: historical, economic, geographical. It is concluded that there is no positive correlation between the effectiveness of public administration and the effectiveness of local self-government in all the countries studied. The reform of decentralization has been shown to have a negative impact on employment. In addition, it found that Poland is the most stable country among those studied, with a high level of efficiency of local self-government. La more negative correlation between the efficiency index of local self-government and employment, and the most positive correlation between local and unemployment rate.

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Hameleers, Michael, Linda Bos, Nayla Fawzi, Carsten Reinemann, Ioannis Andreadis, Nicoleta Corbu, Christian Schemer, et al. "Start Spreading the News: A Comparative Experiment on the Effects of Populist Communication on Political Engagement in Sixteen European Countries." International Journal of Press/Politics 23, no. 4 (August 2, 2018): 517–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940161218786786.

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Although populist communication has become pervasive throughout Europe, many important questions on its political consequences remain unanswered. First, previous research has neglected the differential effects of populist communication on the Left and Right. Second, internationally comparative studies are missing. Finally, previous research mostly studied attitudinal outcomes, neglecting behavioral effects. To address these key issues, this paper draws on a unique, extensive, and comparative experiment in sixteen European countries ( N = 15,412) to test the effects of populist communication on political engagement. The findings show that anti-elitist populism has the strongest mobilizing effects, and anti-immigrant messages have the strongest demobilizing effects. Moreover, national conditions such as the level of unemployment and the electoral success of the populist Left and Right condition the impact of populist communication. These findings provide important insights into the persuasiveness of populist messages spread throughout the European continent.

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Whiteside, Noel. "Unemployment Revisited in Comparative Perspective: Labour Market Policy in Strasbourg and Liverpool, 1890–1914." International Review of Social History 52, no. 1 (March 9, 2007): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002085900600277x.

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Many historical studies, some of them comparative, have explored the foundations of welfare states and the birth of unemployment policies in Europe in the late nineteenth century. Nearly all have focused on political debate at national level. This paper bases its analysis on labour market reforms initiated in Strasbourg and Liverpool in the decades preceding World War I. It explores how bona fide unemployed workers, the proper clients of official help, were distinguished from the mass of the poor and indigent. The labour market had to be defined and organized before policies for the unemployed could be put in place. The object is to demonstrate not only how this was done, but also how different perceptions of social justice and economic efficiency influenced both the process and the outcomes of public interventions, in this instance undermining attempts to transfer specific policies from one country to another.

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Leaman, Jeremy. "Useful Source Materials on the European Family Policy Process." Social Policy and Society 2, no. 3 (June 25, 2003): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474640300126x.

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The items selected below to exemplify recent literature on the European family policy process from national and international perspectives highlight the specificity of family policy research, as reported in the themed articles in this issue of the journal. The publications cited indicate both the need for country-specific solutions and for cross-national comparative research, where potentially transportable examples of best practice can be identified. In multinational studies that straddle the developed countries of western Europe and the emerging countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the contrastive dimension is a key and driving factor of the analysis. Notwithstanding the similarities – in demographic trends, changes in family formation, education and labour market participation – the contrasts remain overwhelming and reflect the specific conditions obtaining in any given country. In turn, these conditions are reflected in the central themes and preoccupations of the analyses of national policy agencies, non-governmental organisations and academics. The position of family-related issues in the respective policy hierarchy is most obviously reflected in the institutional location of these issues. In all European countries, the dominant imperative of economic growth and stability leads to family policy being subsumed predominantly under ministries of social affairs. The experience of former communist states with rapidly growing income disparities, unemployment and meagre state funding has produced a patchwork of institutional and policy initiatives, dominated by the imperative of economic growth and modernisation. The disappearance of the comprehensive infrastructure of childcare in former state socialist countries compounds the problems of adjustment and helps to define the focus of post-communist research. A common feature in many European countries is that, notwithstanding self-funded research on the part of university research groups and NGOs, the influence of ministerial funding priorities on family policy research also determines the focus and weighting of national research output.

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Drapkin, Igor M., Anna A. Gainetdinova, and Aksanat Zh Panzabekova. "Determinants of High-tech Export in CEE and CIS Countries." Economy of Region 17, no. 2 (June 2021): 486–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-2-10.

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Any government strives to stimulate export activity in high-tech sectors of its economy. Surprisingly, there are few empirical papers on the determinants of high-tech export to date. This study analyses the economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) due to the differences they experienced in the transition period. To this end, we used the Balassa index, which is based on the concept of revealed comparative advantages. The research examines 73 groups of products from the automotive, chemical, mechanical engineering, electronics and electrical engineering industries in 27 countries from 1995 to 2018. Principal component analysis helped generate an indicator of comparative advantage of hightech industries for each country in each year. It is revealed that CEE countries, as well as the Baltic countries, have achieved significant success in the development of high-tech sectors of the economy, while the CIS countries have shown practically no progress in this direction. The article tests hypotheses on the impact of resources, foreign trade, macroeconomy and innovation on export activity in the country. The following factors stimulate the export growth in high-tech industries of the studied countries: level of wages and resource prices, openness of the economy to foreign trade; tax rate; unemployment rate; quality of human capital. We did not find empirical evidence of the positive impact of inflation, inflows of direct foreign investment, and the level of research and development (R&D) costs on the volume of high-tech export of the examined economies.

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Amine, Samir. "The Canadian Unemployment Insurance Generosity: Reflections From A Comparative Analysis." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cer-2016-0024.

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The unemployment compensation system is at the centre of the current economic and political debate in many Western countries which, under the effects of the increase in public debt, must decide the level of their unemployment insurance while taking into account its impact on the performance of the labour market. In this article, we compare the generosity of such public policy in France and in Canada, while focusing on the experience of central and eastern Europe. By building a composite index, we show that the French unemployment insurance is more generous only in pecuniary terms, and not in its qualitative dimension.

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Valiente, Oscar, Queralt Capsada-Munsech, and Jan Peter G de Otero. "Educationalisation of youth unemployment through lifelong learning policies in Europe." European Educational Research Journal 19, no. 6 (February 23, 2020): 525–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474904120908751.

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In the aftermath of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, European authorities reinforced the economic objectives of European lifelong learning policy, promoting employability solutions to address youth unemployment, and increasing their political influence on the implementation of national lifelong learning reforms. This article investigates to what extent these supranational policy orientations have been translated into concrete national lifelong learning initiatives. Although European countries were not equally affected in terms of time and intensity by the rise in youth unemployment rates, the political responses from their governments shared a central focus on employability solutions to youth unemployment in lifelong learning policy reforms. Our comparative analysis shows how different lifelong learning policy initiatives managed to ‘educationalise’ a structural economic problem (i.e. youth unemployment) into an individual educational concern (i.e. lack of education and skills). We argue that the ‘educationalisation’ of youth unemployment through lifelong learning policies is a crisis management strategy, which has allowed governments to focus on the individual symptoms of the problem while avoiding offering solutions to the underlying structural causes of young people’s poor labour market prospects.

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Suharti, Sri, Muhammad Dzaki Naufal, and Farah Ladina Paiman. "Inflation Effect on Unemployment in Indonesia: A Comparative Studies Between Sharia and Conventional Economic Perspectives." JURNAL BISNIS STRATEGI 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jbs.30.2.127-138.

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This study discusses the effect of inflation on unemployment by comparing the perspective of Islam with capitalism. The purpose of this study is to identify the driving factors that cause inflation and unemployment. This research is conducted using descriptive analysis through linear regression analysis on Indonesia’s unemployment and inflation data from 2001 to 2019. This study found that inflation was not the main contributor to unemployment and only accounted for 18.6% of unemployment, whereas the remaining 80.4% was caused by other factors. This occurs because the increase in prices are not due to aggregate demand, but due to natural and man-made factors. To overcome inflation, the government should create policies to promoting a culture of saving, investing and discouraging wasteful and excessive spending from early age and improve the morale of officials and entrepreneurs. In addition to that, the government can also implement the law firmly and consistently to all parties who commit unethical behaviour; second, increasing the role of the community to observe and report corruption. To reduce the rate of unemployment, the government can implement several policies. Those are implementing policies that make it easier for startups to obtain capital, create investment security and facilitate licensing bureaucracy; second, providing more free and accessible work training courses, especially in urban areas; third, implement 12-year compulsory education consistently.

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Steenstrup, S., L. F. Don$agrave$ dalle Rose, W. G. Jones, and F. J. van Steenwijk. "Physics studies in Europe; a comparative study." European Journal of Physics 23, no. 5 (August 5, 2002): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/23/5/304.

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Palomba, Donatella, and Carlo Cappa. "Comparative studies in education in Southern Europe." Comparative Education 54, no. 4 (October 2, 2018): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2018.1528774.

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Panichella, Nazareno. "Economic crisis and occupational integration of recent immigrants in Western Europe." International Sociology 33, no. 1 (December 8, 2017): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580917742002.

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There are two models of inclusion of recent immigrants in Western Europe. In the Continental model immigrants are penalized in terms of both probabilities of being employed and job quality. In the Mediterranean one there is a stronger trade-off between a limited risk of unemployment and a lower job quality. Did the recession foster a convergence or a divergence between these two models? This article focuses on this issue and analyses the integration of immigrants in 10 countries, using EU-LFS data (2005–2012) and considering two occupational outcomes: the probability of being employed, and the probability of avoiding the unskilled working class. It also studies the turnover between unemployment and dependent employment. The crisis generated a partial and limited convergence between the two models, involving only male immigrants living in Southern Europe. In these countries immigrants experienced higher risks of unemployment because the crisis diminished their turnover between unemployment and dependent employment.

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Le Galès, Patrick. "Cultures of unemployment: A comparative look at long term unemployment and urban poverty." Cities 12, no. 4 (August 1995): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(95)90065-9.

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Bredtmann, Julia, Sebastian Otten, and Christian Rulff. "Husband’s Unemployment and Wife’s Labor Supply: The Added Worker Effect across Europe." ILR Review 71, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 1201–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793917739617.

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This article investigates the responsiveness of women’s labor supply to their husband’s job loss—the so-called added worker effect. The authors contribute to the literature by taking an explicit internationally comparative perspective in analyzing the variation of the added worker effect across welfare regimes. Using longitudinal data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey covering 28 European countries from 2004 to 2013, they find evidence of an added worker effect, which, however, varies over both the business cycle and the different welfare regimes in Europe. The latter result might be explained, in part, by differences in the design of the unemployment benefit system across countries, which create different incentives for the labor supply of wives of unemployed men.

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Hajdu, Péter. "East-Central Europe in comparative literature studies: introduction." Neohelicon 47, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11059-020-00556-9.

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Siebert, Horst. "Labor Market Rigidities: At the Root of Unemployment in Europe." Journal of Economic Perspectives 11, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.11.3.37.

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This paper studies the major institutional changes at the root of the increase in the west European unemployment trade in the last quarter century from below 3 percent to 11 percent. The institutional characteristics of wage bargaining and the legal rules hamper the self-equilibrating function of the labor market. The reservation wage, raised by the welfare state's rise, has affected the bargaining process, the wage level and the wage structure. Econometric evidence is presented. Since the mid-1980s, differences emerge, and the Scandinavian, the French-Mediterranean, the German, and the British-Dutch approach to the labor market can be distinguished.

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Taylor, Jim, and Steve Bradley. "Unemployment in Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Regional Disparities in Germany, Italy and the UK." Kyklos 50, no. 2 (May 1997): 221–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6435.00012.

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Khan, Amin, Muhammad Zubair Khan, and Zafir Ullah Khan. "Comparative Analysis of Private Equity Investments in Europe and the Asia-Pacific Region." Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.611.

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The article presents a comparative analysis of private equity (PE) investments in 13 Asian-Pacific and 19 European economies over the period of twenty-nine years from 1990 to 2017 using the fixed effects estimation technique. Results show that ICT, investment profile, human capital, and market capitalization are the strong positive determinants of PE in all the samples. For the rest of the variables, there are significant differences between the two regions. Population growth and real interest rate exert significant influence in the overall samples as well as in the Asia-Pacific region while real exchange rate, unemployment, and tax burden play significant role in the Europe. The article contributes to the PE literature by filling the regional gap and offering new insights into the previously contested results.

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Bartelheimer, Peter, Joan Miquel Verd, René Lehweß-Litzmann, Martí López-Andreu, and Tanja Schmidt. "Unemployment, intervention and capabilities. A comparative study of Germany and Spain." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 18, no. 1 (January 27, 2012): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024258911431199.

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Over the past 20 years, the social protection measures devoted to unemployed people in Europe have become more diverse. In an attempt to complement or curb cash transfers, many countries have put measures, services in kind and activation policies at the centre of social protection against unemployment. This article compares two countries with different policies: Spain, which still has very ‘traditional’ unemployment support with little emphasis on activation, and Germany, where there has in recent years been rapid change towards activation measures. The article evaluates these policies and their consequences on the unemployed by means of the capability model, investigating comparatively the effects of institutional intervention on the real set of options available to the unemployed in finding a decent job or pursuing training or other activities. The authors argue that cash transfers can increase capabilities ‘by default’, whereas more intervention-oriented public employment services need to give unemployed workers an active part in ‘tailoring’ supports to their needs. En Europe, au cours de ces 20 dernières années, les mesures de protection sociale destinées aux chômeurs ont connu une diversification croissante. Pour tenter de compléter ou de réduire les transferts d’argent, de nombreux pays ont placé des mesures, des services en nature et des politiques d’activation au coeur de la protection sociale contre le chômage. Cet article compare deux pays menant des politiques différentes: l’Espagne, qui connaît toujours un soutien très « traditionnel » en faveur des chômeurs et met peu l’accent sur l’activation, et l’Allemagne, qui a connu ces dernières années un changement rapide en faveur des mesures d’activation. L’article évalue ces politiques et leurs conséquences sur les chômeurs au moyen du modèle des capacités, en étudiant dans une perspective comparative les effets de l’intervention institutionnelle sur l’éventail des options réellement disponibles aux chômeurs pour trouver un emploi décent, pour suivre une formation ou pour mener d’autres activités. Les auteurs indiquent que les transferts d’argent peuvent accroître les capacités « par défaut » alors que les services publics de l’emploi davantage axés sur l’orientation doivent donner aux travailleurs sans emploi un rôle actif pour que les soutiens apportés soient davantage « taillés sur mesure », en fonction de leurs besoins. In den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren haben sich die sozialen Sicherungen für Arbeitslose in Europa ausdifferenziert. Um Geldleistungen zu ergänzen oder zu beschneiden, haben viele Staaten Dienstleistungen und Aktivierungsmaßnahmen in den Mittelpunkt der sozialen Sicherung bei Arbeitslosigkeit gestellt. Dieser Artikel vergleicht zwei Länder, deren politische Strategien sich unterscheiden: Spanien erbringt vor allem “traditionelle” Lohnersatzleistungen und verfolgt kaum aktivierende Ansätze, wogegen Deutschland in den letzten Jahren rasch auf einen Aktivierungskurs einschwenkte. Dieser Artikel nutzt das Modell der Verwirklichungschancen (“capabilities”), um diese politischen Strategien und ihre Wirkungen für die Arbeitslosen zu evaluieren. Er untersucht vergleichend, wie die institutionellen Interventionen sich auf die Bündel wirklicher Optionen auswirken, über die Arbeitslose verfügen, um eine angemessene Stelle zu finden, sich beruflich weiterzubilden oder anderen Aktivitäten nachzugehen. Der Autorin und den Autoren zufolge können Lohnersatzleistungen als “hilfsweise” chancenfreundlich gelten. Eine stärker auf Intervention orientierte Arbeitsverwaltung müsste jedoch Arbeitsuchende aktiver daran beteiligen, Unterstützungsleistungen “passgenau” an ihren Bedarfen auszurichten.

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PAŞNICU, Daniela. "Comparative Statistical Analysis of Gender Equality on the Labour Markets of Romania and EU28." Annals of "Spiru Haret". Economic Series 15, no. 2 (June 30, 2015): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/1525.

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To achieve the employment target set in the Europe 2020 Strategy is necessary that women's potential and talent to be used optimally. Increasing employment for both men and women is the main way to achieve autonomy, financial independence and poverty reduction.This paper presents a comparative statistical analysis of gender equality on the labour markets of Romania and EU28 based on official statistics records and specific key labour market indicators. The aim was to highlight the gender gap on activity rates, employment rates by age, work time and unemployment rate, including long-term unemployment. The analyses undertaken shows that in the last ten years activity and employment rates of women in Romania had a slightly decreasing trend, while at the EU28 level had an upward trend, which led to the widening gap than the average EU28. The gender gap for the same indicators rose in the period under review, in the case of Romania, while at the EU28 level decreased.

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Ebbinghaus, Bernhard, Claudia Göbel, and Sebastian Koos. "Social capital, ‘Ghent’ and workplace contexts matter: Comparing union membership in Europe." European Journal of Industrial Relations 17, no. 2 (June 2011): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680111400894.

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Union density still varies considerably across Europe. This cross-national diversity has inspired multiple explanations ranging from institutional to workplace or socio-demographic factors. In this comparative multilevel analysis, we combine personal, workplace and macro-institutional explanations of union membership using the European Social Survey. By controlling for individual factors, we test the cross-national effect of meso- and macro-level variables, in particular workplace representation, establishment size, Ghent unemployment insurance and a society’s social capital. We conclude that all these institutional and social contextual factors matter in explaining differences in union membership.

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Fasang, Anette Eva, Sara Geerdes, and Klaus Schömann. "Which type of job mobility makes people happy? A comparative analysis of European welfare regimes." International Sociology 27, no. 3 (February 9, 2012): 349–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580911423048.

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In view of changing job mobility patterns in Europe, the impact of job mobility on job satisfaction is gaining importance, yet has received little attention. This article analyses 23 European countries to address two questions: (1) how do different types of job mobility affect job satisfaction, and (2) do welfare state regimes alter the relationship between job mobility and job satisfaction? Theoretically the study integrates economic and sociological approaches to job satisfaction with insights from the psychology of well-being. The findings show that job mobility differentially affects job satisfaction domains. External upward mobility is decisive to enhance satisfaction with objective working conditions and work–life balance, while internal mobility is pivotal for satisfaction with future career prospects. The experience of unemployment lowers all job satisfaction domains even after re-employment. The article’s findings on welfare regimes indicate that social policies interact with country differences in workforce composition, such as the overall prevalence of unemployment, to determine job satisfaction.

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Dieckhoff, Martina. "The effect of unemployment on subsequent job quality in Europe: A comparative study of four countries." Acta Sociologica 54, no. 3 (August 4, 2011): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699311412798.

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HARPER, MARCUS A. G. "Economic Voting in Postcommunist Eastern Europe." Comparative Political Studies 33, no. 9 (November 2000): 1191–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414000033009004.

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This study tests the hypothesis that the replacement of incumbent promarket, prodemocracy governments with ex-communist parties in postcommunist East European elections was a function of the economic calculus of frustrated citizens at the ballot box. Using data from the Central and Eastern Euro-Barometer studies, this investigation adopts an individual-level approach to examine the degree to which economic assessments and unemployment influenced both proreform incumbent and ex-communist party voting intentions in Lithuania (1992), Hungary (1994), and Bulgaria (1994). The dominant impression that emerges from the logistic regression estimations predicting voting intentions is that despite strong expectations to the contrary, economic factors had at best a modest effect on party choice in these nations. These findings corroborate country-specific studies of electoral behavior in Eastern Europe that observe that the return to parliamentary power of ex-communist parties in these societies was not simply a function of economic voting.

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Kupiszewski, Marek, Dušan Drbohlav, Philip Rees, and Helen Durham. "Internal Migration and Regional Population Dynamics - Czech Republic in the Context of European Trends." Geografie 104, no. 2 (1999): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1999104020089.

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This paper is a shortened version of the publication "Czech Case Study: Internal Migration and Regional Population Dynamics in Europe" that originated as part of a comparative research carried out in ten European countries under the umbrella of the Council of Europe in between 1995 and 1998. It concentrates on analysis of internal migration movements (by Czech districts in 1984 and 1994/1995) and on the migratory behaviour by different age groups (in different life course stages). Furthermore, the paper is focused on the relationships between migration on one side and the following independent variables on the other side: urbanisation rate, population density, functional classification, and unemployment.

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Green, Anne, and Ilias Livanos. "Involuntary non-standard employment in Europe." European Urban and Regional Studies 24, no. 2 (December 29, 2015): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969776415622257.

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In some countries in Europe the economic crisis starting in 2008 was marked not only by a rise in unemployment, but also by increases in individuals in part-time and temporary working, so emphasising the need to examine employment composition as well as non-employment. The promotion of non-standard forms of employment – such as part-time and temporary working – has been part of Europe’s employment agenda, but directives have also focused on raising the quality of such work. Using European Union Labour Force Survey data, an indicator of involuntary non-standard (part-time and temporary) employment (INE) is constructed, depicting a negative working condition. Descriptive analyses show important differences between countries in the incidence of INE, which is highest in Spain, Portugal and Poland, and also in the composition of INE. By contrast, INE tends to be lower in countries with Anglo-Saxon and Nordic welfare state models. Econometric analyses reveal that young workers, older workers, women, non-nationals, those with low education and those who were unemployed a year ago are at greatest risk of INE.

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Hendek, Abdurrahman. "Islamic Religious Education in Europe: A Comparative Study." Religion & Education 48, no. 4 (October 2, 2021): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15507394.2021.2006541.

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Gist-Mackey, Angela N. "(Dis)embodied Job Search Communication Training: Comparative critical ethnographic analysis of materiality and discourse during the unequal search for work." Organization Studies 39, no. 9 (November 15, 2017): 1251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840617736936.

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Unemployment can be extremely challenging to manage. Depending on an individual’s social status, unemployment experiences can differ greatly. The longer people grapple with unemployment the more likely they are to seek help from unemployment support organizations. This study takes a comparative, critical ethnographic approach to the study of job search communication training at two separate unemployment support organizations considering intersections of social class and race. The analysis uses a communication lens in order to unpack communication expectations and assumptions embedded into the culture of unemployment support organizations that are tailored to different social class and racial groups. The findings reveal that the job search communication trainings are communicatively biased and divergent. Inequality molds and shapes the process of job search communication training and the progress of job searches. Working-class job seekers are required to communicatively assimilate during training while they manage material reality to survive. Upper-middle-class job seekers refine existing communication skill sets in order to search for work and rarely struggle to manage material needs. The findings point to important implications and areas for future research in workforce studies.

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Amenta, Edwin, Elisabeth S. Clemens, Jefren Olsen, Sunita Parikh, and Theda Skocpol. "The Political Origins of Unemployment Insurance in Five American States." Studies in American Political Development 2 (1987): 137–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00000444.

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The last decade has been a time of rapid development in comparative social scientific research on modern welfare states—or more concretely, research on social insurance, pensions, and public assistance policies. Synchronic studies, using highly aggregated measures to make causal inferences about policy developments in all the nations of the world, have declined in favor of longitudinal comparative studies of up to eighteen advanced industrial capitalist democracies. Concomitant with this shift, analytic interest has moved away from industrialization and urbanization and toward more political explanatory variables—including class power and class alliances, the structures of political regimes, political parties, and party systems, and the activities of administrators and policy intellectuals.

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Amenta, Edwin, Elisabeth S. Clemens, Jefren Olsen, Sunita Parikh, and Theda Skocpol. "The Political Origins of Unemployment Insurance in Five American States." Studies in American Political Development 2 (1987): 137–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x00001747.

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The last decade has been a time of rapid development in comparative social scientific research on modern welfare states—or more concretely, research on social insurance, pensions, and public assistance policies. Synchronic studies, using highly aggregated measures to make causal inferences about policy developments in all the nations of the world, have declined in favor of longitudinal comparative studies of up to eighteen advanced industrial capitalist democracies. Concomitant with this shift, analytic interest has moved away from industrialization and urbanization and toward more political explanatory variables—including class power and class alliances, the structures of political regimes, political parties, and party systems, and the activities of administrators and policy intellectuals.

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Kousis, Maria, and Christian Lahusen. "Introduction: Comparative European Perspectives on Transnational Solidarity Organisations." Sociological Research Online 26, no. 3 (September 2021): 620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780419872215.

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Solidarity with the deprived is a mission that many civic organisations share throughout Europe. The various crises, to which the European Union has been exposed to, have fueled and constrained this collective action at the same time. This article offers an introduction into this special issue. It highlights that the objective is to provide sound empirical findings about the magnitude and structure of the organisational field and to offer theoretical insights into the forces and constraints impacting on it. In addition, it presents the unique and new datasets on which the analyses are based on and stresses their comparative approach, given research carried out across fields (migration/refugees, unemployment, and disabilities) and countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Switzerland, and the UK). Finally, the introduction to the special issue argues that the organisational fields are exposed to transformations that point to a more transnational scope of activities and a more encompassing and inclusive understanding of solidarity.

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Stricker, Luzius, and Moreno Baruffini. "The effect of reduced unemployment duration on the unemployment rate: a Synthetic Control Approach." European Journal of Government and Economics 9, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 46–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2020.9.1.5714.

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This paper examines the impact of the fourth partial revision of the law of unemployment insurance (AVIG) on unemployment dynamics in Switzerland at a cantonal level. The authors apply the Synthetic Control Method (SCM), a matching method for comparative case studies. A counterfactual analysis of the cases studied is performed by combining a control group of several untreated units, which provides a better comparison to the treatment group than a single unit. The control unit is designed as a weighted average of the available cantons in the donor pool, taking into account the similarities between the chosen controls and the treated unit. Once policy changes are controlled, the results suggest a significant effect on the unemployment rate at a cantonal level: the reform had a discernible impact on lowering the unemployment rate in the Italian- and French-speaking cantons in Switzerland.

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Coutinho, José Pereira. "Portuguese Youth Religiosity in Comparative Perspective." Religions 14, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14020147.

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Portugal has been a good example of sociocultural changes during the last decades which have influenced the levels of religiosity, namely among young people. In this context, this article studies Portuguese youth religiosity in a comparative perspective. First, it compares Portuguese youth religiosity with the other Portuguese age groups’ religiosity. Second, it compares Portuguese youth religiosity over time. A supplementary analysis compares Portugal with Catholic Europe in both aspects. Portuguese youth are less religious than the other age groups, mainly the older group, and are becoming less religious over time. Comparing Portugal with Catholic Europe, differences in young people have decreased in the last two decades, reaching similar values in 2020. Quantitative analyses based on four religiosity dimensions (community, practice, belief, and norm), using the European Values Study, were applied. These data confirm secularization, including the theories of individualization and cohort replacement, in line with other studies.

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Seide, Marcia Sipavicius. "Comparative Anthroponomastics." Revista GTLex 6, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 554–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/lex12-v6n2a2021-8.

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The emergence of onomastic studies in Europe dates back to the 19th century when language studies were made according to the approaches of Philology and Comparative Grammar. However, the interest in comparing anthroponymies of different languages and/or cultures, is recent and even more recent is the perception that studies of this nature form a specific subarea that I call Comparative Anthroponomastics. In this work, I elucidate how this subarea is configured from theoretical, pragmatic epistemological and applied points of view. To this purpose, I present results of bibliographic research based on 16 papers published in International Congresses of Onomastics from 2011 to 2018 and, 06 researchers conducted by me and/or, colleagues in this area totaling 22 studies.

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Khodarkovsky, Michael. "Between Europe and Asia." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 52, no. 1 (March 22, 2018): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22102396-05201002.

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Abstract This essay addresses an unusual knot of the Russian historiography: was Russia a colonial empire and if so, why did he authorities consistently refuse to identify the empire as such? I am providing some answers by examining the Russian empire in a broad comparative perspective of both European and Asian empires. In the end, the goal of this essay is to re-open a discussion on the nature of the Russian empire.

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Alderotti, Giammarco, Daniele Vignoli, Michela Baccini, and Anna Matysiak. "Employment Instability and Fertility in Europe: A Meta-Analysis." Demography 58, no. 3 (April 26, 2021): 871–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00703370-9164737.

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Abstract The relationship between employment instability and fertility is a major topic in demographic research, with a proliferation of published papers on this matter, especially since the Great Recession. Employment instability, which most often manifests in unemployment or time-limited employment, is usually deemed to have a negative effect on fertility, although different fertility reactions are hypothesized by sociological theories, and micro-level evidence is fragmented and contradictory. We used meta-analytic techniques to synthesize European research findings, offer general conclusions about the effects of employment instability on fertility (in terms of direction and size), and rank different sources of employment instability. Our results suggest that employment instability has a nonnegligible negative effect on fertility. Men's unemployment is more detrimental for fertility than men's time-limited employment; conversely, a woman having a fixed-term contract is least likely to have a child. Next, the negative effect of employment instability on fertility has become stronger over time, and is more severe in Southern European countries, where social protection for families and the unemployed is least generous. Finally, meta-regression estimates demonstrate that failing to account for income and partner characteristics leads to an overestimation of the negative effect of employment instability on fertility. We advance the role of these two factors as potential mechanisms by which employment instability affects fertility. Overall, this meta-analysis provides the empirical foundation for new studies on the topic.

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Hadley, Janet, Bill Rolston, and Anna Eggert. "Abortion in the New Europe: A Comparative Handbook." Feminist Review, no. 54 (1996): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1395620.

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Limb, Peter. "African Studies in Australasia: Comparative Trends in the U.S. and Europe." Australasian Review of African Studies 40, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22160/22035184/aras-2019-40-1/115-124.

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Bunce, Valerie. "Comparative Democratization." Comparative Political Studies 33, no. 6-7 (September 2000): 703–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001041400003300602.

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Comparative studies of democratization have produced two types of generalizations: those having nearly universal application and those applying to a range of countries within a region. In the first category are such arguments as the role of high levels of economic development in guaranteeing democratic sustainability, the centrality of political elites in establishing and terminating democracy, and deficits in rule of law and state capacity as the primary challenge to the quality and survival of new democracies. In the second category are contrasts between recent democratization in post-Socialist Europe versus Latin America and southern Europe—for example, in the relationship between democratization and economic reform and in the costs and benefits for democratic consolidation of breaking quickly versus slowly with the authoritarian past. The two sets of conclusions have important methodological implications for how comparativists understand generalizability and the emphasis placed on historical versus proximate causation.

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Wiemker, Markus. "Book Review: Television Across Europe: A Comparative Introduction." European Journal of Cultural Studies 9, no. 2 (May 2006): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136754940600900209.

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Cymbranowicz, Katarzyna. "The phenomenon of the precariat in the Polish labour market during Poland’s membership in the European Union." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 20, no. 8 (March 1, 2017): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.20.8.11.

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Studies of the scale of unemployment in Poland and in Europe conducted in recent years lead to the conclusion that one of the largest and growing problems of the modern labour market is the unemployment rate among young people. An unfavourable phenomenon related to this issue, which is increasingly often appearing in public debate, is the rising unemployment of graduates. Therefore, it is important to attempt to identify related phenomena in today’s job market, and one of such phenomena is the emergence of a new type of employee in the labour market, a member of the precarious class. The analysis aims to present the origins, nature and scale of the precariat phenomenon in Poland. The issue is described from the perspective of the labour market position of a selected social group, i.e. young people entering the labour market after finishing their education. The study attempted to identify factors that affect this phenomenon and the characteristics confirming the sense of its separateness in the labour market.

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Vanhuysse, Pieter. "Kneeling at the Altar of (Il)-Liberalism: The Politics of Ideas, Job Loss, and Union Weakness in East Central Europe." International Labor and Working-Class History 73, no. 1 (2008): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547908000094.

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As East Central Europe is fast approaching the end of its second decade after the fall of the Berlin Wall, new studies of postcommunist politics and society can increasingly benefit from a longer historical perspective. We can now replace the “history of the present” lens that was typical of much research in the highly volatile 1990s with accounts that more extensively compare the most fundamental trends emerging from the decades before and after 1989–1990. In this spirit, both books under review make substantive and historically well-informed contributions to our understanding of the politics of work and workers in Central and Eastern Europe. In The Defeat of Solidarity, David Ost develops a gripping account of the progressive and interlinked defeats of labor interests and liberal democratic politics in Poland from the 1980s up to the present day. In Constructing Unemployment, Phineas Baxandall offers a theory of the political meaning of unemployment, applied mainly to the case of Hungary from the late 1940s until the end of the 1990s.

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Tucker, Joshua A. "Comparative Opportunities." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 29, no. 2 (May 2015): 420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325414559051.

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As the theoretical rationale (and funding opportunities!) for considering Eastern Europe as a distinct region diminish as we move farther away from the momentous events of 1989, the value of including East-Central European countries in comparative studies has only increased. This article outlines how comparative studies of political behavior involving East-Central European countries have evolved in the author’s own research from comparative studies including Russia along with four East European countries, to more broadly based comparative studies including multiple East European countries and former Soviet Republics, to studies where behavior is analyzed in both East European countries and more established democracies, and finally to large cross-national studies focused on questions related to post-communist politics (namely, the legacy of communism on post-communist attitudes and behavior) but relying on the comparative analysis of survey data from countries around the world. In a way, the research has come full circle, from studies of East European political behavior to better understand East European political behavior, to studies including East European countries to better understand general questions of political behavior not specific to post-communist countries, to now the most extensive comparative studies that are, however, designed once again to better understand East European political attitudes and behavior.

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Castellani, Victor. "The North of Europe and the center: Two comparative approaches." European Legacy 10, no. 5 (August 2005): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848770500173763.

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Wallace, Helen. "Studying Contemporary Europe." British Journal of Politics and International Relations 2, no. 1 (April 2000): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-856x.00028.

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The study of contemporary Europe has attracted growing attention in mainstream political science and international relations. Both studies of the European Union and cross-country comparisons of various political phenomena in different European countries are beginning to enrich our understanding of the process and limitations of integration. This growth of interest has also been stimulated by the opening up of central and eastern Europe which has encouraged scholars to address the issues of transformation using the tools of comparative politics. In addition, studies of Europeanisation are now being more systematically related to broader international developments and to the process of globalisation. British scholars, and British-based scholars, are making important contributions to the debates in political science and international relations. This review article traces some of the strands of this development.

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Hay, P. R., and M. G. Haward. "Comparative Green Politics: Beyond the European Context?" Political Studies 36, no. 3 (September 1988): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1988.tb00240.x.

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It is argued that there are significant differences between green electoral politics in Europe and green developments in the affluent non-European west, and that these are such that, despite the greater political formalization of the green movement in Western Europe, there is a sense in which North American and Antipodean developments are ultimately more fundamental than those that have occurred in Europe. Loosely adopting explanatory categories employed by Rudig and Lowe in a Political Studies article, we examine evidence under four sub-heads: electoral thresholds; the historical legacy of the environment movement; the different contextual roles played by the anti-nuclear movement and wilderness experience, and ecology, Marxism and the new left.

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Reeskens, Tim, and Tom van der Meer. "The inevitable deservingness gap: A study into the insurmountable immigrant penalty in perceived welfare deservingness." Journal of European Social Policy 29, no. 2 (May 31, 2018): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928718768335.

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As the asylum crisis hit Europe in tandem with the Great Recession, concerns about declining support for equal welfare provision to immigrants grow. Although studies on welfare deservingness show that immigrants are deemed least entitled to welfare compared to other target groups, they have fallen short of isolating welfare claimants’ identity (i.e. foreign origin) with competing deservingness criteria that might explain the immigrant deservingness gap. This article studies the importance of welfare claimants’ foreign origins relative to other theoretically relevant deservingness criteria via a unique vignette experiment among 23,000 Dutch respondents about their preferred levels of unemployment benefits. We show that foreign origin is among the three most important conditions for reduced solidarity, after labour market reintegration behaviour (reciprocity) and culpability for unemployment (control). Furthermore, favourable criteria do not close the gap between immigrants and natives in perceived deservingness, emphasizing the difficulty of overcoming the immigrant penalty in perceived welfare deservingness. We conclude our findings in the light of ongoing theoretical and political debates.

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Chimienti, Milena. "Mobilization of irregular migrants in Europe: a comparative analysis." Ethnic and Racial Studies 34, no. 8 (August 2011): 1338–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2011.566624.

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Rizzuto, Nicole. "Friction and Expansion: Comparative Literary Studies as Chimerical Form." Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 6, no. 1 (January 2019): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2018.31.

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By generating friction with the concept of expansion, Aarthi Vadde’sChimeras of Form: Modernist Internationalism Beyond Europe, 1914–2016intervenes in debates shaping comparative literature studies today. Analyzing the work that friction performs in this book sends us beyond the provocative and nuanced readings contained within its pages and sets it in conversation with critical and literary writings it does not address. Miming the ethos and using the practices ofChimeras of Formby expanding its trajectory, I show what frictions and itineraries of inquiry might emerge from its theorization of literature in a global age.

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Precup, Mihai. "Challenges to Scaling Sustainable Private Equity Markets in Emerging Europe." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 28, 2019): 4080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154080.

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The objective of this paper is to identify the main barriers to sustainable private equity market development in emerging European countries. The cross-country panel data analysis that was used in this paper will focus on the main determinants of the private equity investments over the period 2000–2013. We followed the methodology developed by Gompers and Lerner in order to estimate a panel data model with fixed and random effects. Starting from the existing literature, we analyzed variables that were confirmed by the previous studies and we also introduce new variables, such as the corruption index, uncertainty index, and regulation. The results of our study confirmed the existing hypothesis regarding the barriers to private equity development, such as the unemployment rate, the lack of exit mechanisms due to the low level of market capitalization, and the corruption.

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Mishchuk, Nataliia, and Oleksandr Zavada. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND LEVEL OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN UKRAINE." Economic Analysis, no. 29(1) (2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2019.01.029.

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Introduction. Economically active population causes both direct growth of the gross domestic product of the country and the creation of progressive labour relations. It is the basis for the formation of the middle class. Instead, high unemployment (underutilization of labour potential) is a major economic and social problem for the country. Therefore, the study of factors that affect the level of economic activity of the population and the level of unemployment is an actual scientific task. It is also important to study the economic activity and unemployment of the population of Ukraine in the regional context and a comparative analysis of regions by the size of these indicators. Purpose. The article aims to obtain analytical dependencies of unemployment rates and economic activity of the population of Ukraine on a number of factors, as well as clusterization of regions of Ukraine according to unemployment rates. Method (methodology). To achieve the goal, official statistical information on the labour market of Ukraine has been used. The following statistical methods such as correlation analysis, least squares method and hierarchical cluster analysis are used. Results. The analytical dependence of the level of economic activity and the unemployment rate of Ukrainian population on the duration of studies is constructed. Economic activity, depending on the duration of studies, has been received in the form of a logistic function with saturation of 92%. The unemployment rate is respectively a downline linear function. The educational levels, which are already sufficient to ensure high economic activity of the population, have been identified. A correlation analysis of the interdependence of a number of factors that influence the level of unemployment has been established. It has been performed the clusterization of the regions of Ukraine according to the percentage of unemployment among the economically active population, the unemployment rate for one vacancy and the proportion of the urban population. Five key clusters have been identified. On the basis if use of statistical methods, we have concluded that the most important factor in reducing unemployment is the increase in the economic activity of the population. It is determined that in order to increase the competitiveness of labour force in Ukraine it is necessary to stimulate the population to improve its level of education, in particular, to increase the duration of studies.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Unemployment – Europe – Comparative studies'

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