Journal articles on the topic 'Unemployed Mental health Australia'
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1
Comino, Elizabeth J., Elizabeth Harris, Tien Chey, Vijaya Manicavasagar, Jonine Penrose Wall, Gawaine Powell Davies, and Mark F. Harris. "Relationship Between Mental Health Disorders and Unemployment Status in Australian Adults." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 2 (April 2003): 230–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2003.01127.x.
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Objectives: To compare the prevalence of anxiety and affective disorders among employed and unemployed patients and to compare the type of treatment received between the two groups for these disorders. Method: A secondary analysis of the 1997 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing of Adults cross-sectional study was undertaken. Results: Unemployed adults were more likely to have symptoms of anxiety (OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 2.80–3.41) or an affective disorder (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.95–2.27) or anxiety and/or affective disorders (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 2.37–2.69). Unemployed participants with symptoms were less likely to have seen a general practitioner for treatment but when they did they received similar care to employed participants. Conclusions: These results confirm studies reported elsewhere that the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and/or affective disorders is higher for unemployed people. The data provide further evidence that people with an anxiety and/or affective disorder who are unemployed are not seeking medical treatment. However, unlike previous research undertaken by our group, these results indicate that symptomatic adults who seek help receive comparable treatment in general practice irrespective of their employment status.
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Jiang, Jacqueline, Hamed Akhlaghi, Darren Haywood, Brendan Morrissey, and Stephen Parnis. "Mental health consequences of COVID-19 suppression strategies in Victoria, Australia: a narrative review." Journal of International Medical Research 50, no. 11 (November 2022): 030006052211344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605221134466.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed significant mental health burdens upon the general population worldwide, either directly owing to the disease or indirectly through aggressive public health measures to control spread of the virus that causes COVID-19. In this narrative review, we used a systematic approach to summarize the impact of restrictive lockdown measures on the general mental health of people living in Victoria, Australia during 2020 and to identify the groups with an increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes. A systematic database search (Ovid Medline, PsycINFO, Embase) for articles examining the mental health of Victorians in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020 yielded 88 articles, of which 15 articles were finally included in this review. We found that the general mental health of Victorians was negatively affected by COVID-19 restrictions during 2020. Although studies reported heterogeneous mental health outcomes, we found that the general population consistently used coping strategies and demonstrated mental health help-seeking behaviors in response to the restrictions. Women, children, young people, carers, people who became unemployed owing to the pandemic, and those with pre-existing psychiatric conditions had a higher risk of adverse mental health consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.
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Butterworth, Peter, Kate A. Fairweather, Kaarin J. Anstey, and Timothy D. Windsor. "Hopelessness, Demoralization and Suicidal Behaviour: the Backdrop to Welfare Reform in Australia." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 8 (August 2006): 648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01864.x.
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Objectives: To estimate rates of suicidal ideation and attempts, and psychological characteristics of demoralization among Australian income support recipients. To provide information for policy-makers to inform the current welfare reform discussion. Method: Data from the 1997 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing were analysed using sequential logistic regression models, comparing working age people dependent on government income support payments with those having other main sources of income. Results: Three groups of income support recipients, unemployed, lone mothers and disability payment recipients, reported significantly higher levels on all psychological measures related to demoralization (hopelessness, worthlessness and dissatisfaction with life) than non-recipients. A similar pattern was demonstrated for measures of suicidal ideation and reported suicide attempts, with increased odds of between 3 and 9 for these high-risk groups of welfare recipients. The elevated rates of suicidal ideation, attempts and demoralization among income support recipients were in part explained by sociodemographic characteristics (socioeconomic status, age, educational qualification, experience of serious violence, loneliness, experience of psychiatric disorders), though the unemployed and disability payment recipients remained elevated on the psychological measures. Conclusions: Demoralization, poor mental health and suicidal behaviour are common among income support recipients targeted by recently announced welfare reforms. This needs to be considered in the design and implementation of Australian Government policies. Psychiatric epidemiology has a key role in policy development and evaluation.
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Staples, Lauren G., Nick Webb, Lia Asrianti, Shane Cross, Daniel Rock, Rony Kayrouz, Eyal Karin, Blake F. Dear, Olav Nielssen, and Nickolai Titov. "A Comparison of Self-Referral and Referral via Primary Care Providers, through Two Similar Digital Mental Health Services in Western Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020905.
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Digital mental health services (DMHSs) deliver mental health information, assessment, and treatment, via the internet, telephone, or other digital channels. The current study compares two DMHSs operating in Western Australia (WA)—The Practitioner Online Referral System (PORTS) and MindSpot. Both provide telephone and online psychological services at no cost to patients or referrers. However, PORTS is accessed by patients via referral from health practitioners, and is designed to reach those who are financially, geographically, or otherwise disadvantaged. In contrast, MindSpot services are available to all Australian residents and patients can self-refer. This observational study compares characteristics and treatment outcomes for patients of PORTS and MindSpot in WA. Eligible patients were people who resided in WA and registered with either clinic from January 2019 to December 2020. Results showed that PORTS patients were more likely to be older, male, and unemployed. They were less likely to report a tertiary education and were more likely to live in areas with higher levels of socioeconomic disadvantage. Despite these differences, treatment outcomes were excellent for patients from both clinics. Results provide further evidence for the accessibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of DMHSs regardless of referral pathway or patient characteristics.
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Afsharian, Ali, Maureen Dollard, Emily Miller, Teresa Puvimanasinghe, Adrian Esterman, Helena De Anstiss, and Tahereh Ziaian. "Refugees at Work: The Preventative Role of Psychosocial Safety Climate against Workplace Harassment, Discrimination and Psychological Distress." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 12, 2021): 10696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010696.
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It is widely recognised that employment is vital in assisting young refugees’ integration into a new society. Drawing on psychosocial safety climate (PSC) theory, this research investigated the effect of organisational climate on young refugee workers’ mental health (psychological distress) through stressful social relational aspects of work (e.g., harassment, discrimination). Drawing on data from 635 young refugees aged between 15 and 26 in South Australia, 116 refugees with paid work were compared with 519 refugee students without work, and a sample of young workers from Australian Workplace Barometer (AWB) data (n = 290). The results indicated that refugees with paid work had significantly lower psychological distress compared with refugees with no paid work, but more distress than other young Australian workers. With respect to workplace harassment and abuse, young refugee workers reported significantly more harassment due to their ongoing interaction and engagement with mainstream Australian workers compared with unemployed refugees. Harassment played a vital role in affecting psychological health in refugees (particularly) and other young workers. While refugee youth experienced harassment at work, overall, their experiences suggest that their younger age upon arrival enabled them to seek and find positive employment outcomes. Although PSC did not differ significantly between the employed groups, we found that it likely negatively influenced psychological distress through the mediating effects of harassment and abuse. Hence, fostering pathways to successful employment and creating safe work based on high PSC and less harassment are strongly recommended to improve refugees’ mental health and adaptation.
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Chalamat, Maturot, Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Rob Carter, and Theo Vos. "Assessing Cost-Effectiveness in Mental Health: Vocational Rehabilitation for Schizophrenia and Related Conditions." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 8 (August 2005): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01653.x.
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Objective: Existing evidence suggests that vocational rehabilitation services, in particular individual placement and support (IPS), are effective in assisting people with schizophrenia and related conditions gain open employment. Despite this, such services are not available to all unemployed people with schizophrenia who wish to work. Existing evidence suggests that while IPS confers no clinical advantages over routine care, it does improve the proportion of people returning to employment. The objective of the current study is to investigate the net benefit of introducing IPS services into current mental health services in Australia. Method: The net benefit of IPS is assessed from a health sector perspective using cost–benefit analysis. A two-stage approach is taken to the assessment of benefit. The first stage involves a quantitative analysis of the net benefit, defined as the benefits of IPS (comprising transfer payments averted, income tax accrued and individual income earned) minus the costs. The second stage involves application of ‘second-filter’ criteria (including equity, strength of evidence, feasibility and acceptability to stakeholders) to results. The robustness of results is tested using the multivariate probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results: The costs of IPS are $A10.3M (95% uncertainty interval $A7.4M–$A13.6M), the benefits are $A4.7M ($A3.1M–$A6.5M), resulting in a negative net benefit of $A5.6M ($A8.4M–$A3.4M). Conclusions: The current analysis suggests that IPS costs are greater than themonetary benefits. However, the evidence-base of the current analysis is weak. Structural conditions surrounding welfare payments in Australia create disincentives to full-time employment for people with disabilities.
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Talmage, James B. "The Medical Benefits of Work and the Health “Cost” of Unemployment." Guides Newsletter 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2020.janfeb02.
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Abstract In 2011, the American Medical Association published the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Work Ability and Return to Work (AMA's Return to Work), Second Edition, which began with a review of consensus statements attesting that, in general, work is good for a person's health and well-being. Since publication of AMA's Return to Work, the Australian Royal College of Physicians has issued a consensus statement about the negative health consequences of becoming unemployed and the health benefits of returning to work. Key points include: for most individuals, working improves general health and well-being and reduces psychological distress; even musculoskeletal and mental health conditions attributed to work can benefit from activity-based rehabilitation and an early return to suitable work; long-term work absence is harmful to physical and mental health and well-being; the negative effects of remaining away from work include stress on the worker's families, including children. Of the potential consequences of unemployment in mid-adult life, the worst is premature death. In causation research, unlike medical treatment studies, individuals cannot be randomly assigned to a group that is forced to remain at work and a group that is forced to be unemployed. Even so, causation research has found strong evidence for a protective effect of employment on depression and general mental health. In performing evaluations, physicians must accurately assess work ability and recognize the healthy benefits of work.
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Milner, Allison J., Marissa Shields, Dianne Currier, and Tania L. King. "Male-Dominated Occupations, Employment Status, and Suicidal Behaviors Among Australian Men." Crisis 41, no. 1 (January 2020): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000610.
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Abstract. Background: Suicide rates are higher among unemployed men as well as those employed in male-dominated occupations such as construction. There has been less research on whether these patterns are similar for suicide ideation and attempt. Aims: In a cohort of 13,892 Australian males, this study examined the relationship between employment status and occupational gender ratio on reported thoughts of suicide and suicide attempts. Method: Men reporting suicide ideation or attempts at Wave 1 were removed from the sample. Logistic regression was used to examine Wave 1 employment status and occupational gender ratio and Wave 2 reported suicide ideation and attempts, controlling for confounders (measured in Wave 1). We conducted a sensitivity analysis controlling for mental health status. Results: Those who were unemployed or not in the labor force had elevated rates of suicide ideation (unemployed OR = 1.91, 95% CI [1.30, 2.82], p = .001; not in the labor force OR = 1.68, 95% CI [1.09, 2.60], p = .020). Those who were not in the labor force had greater odds of attempts ( OR = 2.32, 95% CI [1.05, 5.12], p = .037). There was no association between occupational gender ratio and suicide ideation or attempt. Limitations: We only had single item measures of ideation and attempts. Conclusion: There is a need for further investigation into risk factors for suicide among males, both when they are in and out of employment.
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SCOTT, JAMES, DAVID CHANT, GAVIN ANDREWS, and JOHN McGRATH. "Psychotic-like experiences in the general community: the correlates of CIDI psychosis screen items in an Australian sample." Psychological Medicine 36, no. 2 (November 23, 2005): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291705006392.
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Background. Apart from individuals with clinical psychosis, community surveys have shown that many otherwise well individuals endorse items designed to identify psychosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the demographic correlates of individuals who endorse psychosis screening items in a large general community sample.Method. The National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing interviewed 10641 individuals living in private dwellings in Australia. As part of a diagnostic interview (the CIDI), respondents were asked between three and six items originally designed to screen for potential psychosis. We examined the impact of selected demographic variables on endorsement of these items including sex, age, marital status, migrant status, urban/rural status, employment, education, and socio-economic status.Results. An estimated 11·7% of the Australian population endorsed at least one psychosis-screening item. Significantly higher endorsement was associated with younger age, migrants from non-English-speaking backgrounds, those who had never married or who were divorced/separated or unemployed, those living in urban regions and those from the lowest socio-economic levels.Conclusions. Many of the correlates of endorsement of psychosis-screen items are also associated with psychosis. Unravelling the factors that contribute to this broader non-clinical phenotype will aid our understanding of psychosis.
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Bonsaksen, Tore, Janni Leung, Mariyana Schoultz, Hilde Thygesen, Daicia Price, Mary Ruffolo, and Amy Østertun Geirdal. "Cross-National Study of Worrying, Loneliness, and Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparison between Individuals with and without Infection in the Family." Healthcare 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070903.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to examine differences in worry, loneliness, and mental health between those individuals infected by COVID-19 or having someone their family infected, and the rest of the population. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Norway, UK, USA, and Australia during April/May 2020. Participants (n = 3810) were recruited via social media postings by the researchers and the involved universities. Differences between those with and without infection in the family were investigated with chi-square tests and independent t-tests. Multiple regression analyses were used to assess associations between sociodemographic variables and psychological outcomes (worry, loneliness, and mental health) in both groups. Results: Compared to their counterparts, participants with infection in the family reported higher levels of worries about themselves (p < 0.05) and their family members (p < 0.001) and had poorer mental health (p < 0.05). However, the effect sizes related to the differences were small. The largest effect (d = 0.24) concerned worries about their immediate family. Poorer psychological outcomes were observed in those who were younger, female, unemployed, living alone and had lower levels of education, yet with small effect sizes. Conclusions: In view of the small differences between those with and without infection, we generally conclude that the mental health effects of the COVID-19 situation are not limited to those who have been infected or have had an infection within the family but extend to the wider population.
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Callaly, Thomas, Mary Hyland, Tom Trauer, Seetal Dodd, and Michael Berk. "Readmission to an acute psychiatric unit within 28 days of discharge: identifying those at risk." Australian Health Review 34, no. 3 (2010): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah08721.
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Objective.To examine factors that could help identify those most at risk of readmission to an acute psychiatric in-patient unit within 28 days of a discharge. Method.A detailed file audit was conducted comparing 54 consecutive patients who had been readmitted within 28 days of discharge with 61 patients, chosen at random, who had not been readmitted during the same period. Results.Readmission within 28-days of discharge was associated with having been admitted in the previous year (P = 0.004), receiving the Disability Support Pension (P = 0.015), not having a discharge plan sent to the patient’s GP on discharge from the index admission (P = 0.05), receiving follow-up by the mental health team within 7 days of discharge (P = 0.007) and being unemployed (P = 0.015). Conclusions.Targeting those with previous admissions for focussed discharge planning may help organisations reduce the numbers of unnecessary early readmissions. What is known about the topic?Readmission within 28-days of discharge is being increasingly used by service funders and organisations as an indicator of the effectiveness of community care and of the organisation’s ability to provide continuous care across programs. Previous studies, mainly conducted in the US in the mid-90s, often reach contradictory conclusions and their relevance to the Australian setting is limited. What does this paper add?This paper uses data from an Australia mental health service. It identifies patient and service characteristics associated with rapid re-admission and provides a baseline to evaluate strategies to reduce the readmission rate. What are the implications for practitioners?This paper highlights the importance of careful discharge planning and communication with general practitioners particularly in relation to patients who have had previous admissions.
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Kolves, Kairi, Urska Arnautovska, Angelo De Gioannis, and Diego De Leo. "Community care of individuals at risk of suicide: the Life Promotion Clinic model." Mental Illness 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2013): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi.2013.e12.
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Assistance to suicidal patients is problematic both at the hospital and community care level. Inadequacy of facilities, pressured personnel, long waiting time, and professional and social stigmatization are just some of the many issues that interfere with successful treatment. The goal of this paper is to present the functioning of the Life Promotion Clinic (LPC), Australia, and describe its users. The LPC is the first specialized outpatient service in Australia dedicated to the treatment of individuals with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. A description of the service and characteristics of its clients (demographic, psychopathology, risk of suicide) are herein presented. Data were collected for 63 male and 175 female patients who attended the LPC over a three-year period. Patients were mostly single females, aged up to 44 years, poorly educated, unemployed or on a pension/benefit. The majority of patients reported at least one suicide attempt, severe depression and anxiety scores, moderate-severe feelings of hopelessness, and high impulsiveness scores. Compared to females, male patients presented with more active desire to kill themselves and higher level of suicidal ideation. We can conclude that establishing a specialist service for treatment of individuals at increased risk for suicide requires consideration of both patient and clinicians needs. The LPC presents an innovative model of community service, capable of engaging patients with serious mental health issues, while making the service accessible to people from various social categories.
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Parslow, Ruth A., Ruth A. Parslow, and Anthony F. Jorm. "Predictors of Partially Met or Unmet Need Reported by Consumers of Mental Health Services: An Analysis of Data from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 35, no. 4 (August 2001): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00924.x.
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Objective: We examined data from the 1997 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing to identify factors associated with consumers of mental health help reporting that their needs were unmet or only partially met. Predictor factors included sociodemographic variables, psychological morbidity measures and type of health practitioner seen. Method: Five types of mental health help were considered: information, medication, psychological therapy, social interventions and skills training. A respondent's unmet need for each type of mental health help was given one of three values: 0: no unmet need reported; 1: some but not enough help of this type provided; and 2: no help of this type provided although it was needed. Multiple ordered logistic regressions were undertaken to identify predictor variables associated with reporting unmet need for each type of help. Results: Few sociodemographic factors were found to be associated with consumers reporting unmet need for mental health help. Those with less education were more likely to report unmet need for medication. Being male, living alone and being unemployed were associated with unmet need for skills training. Having seen a general practitioner for mental health reasons was found to be associated with reporting unmet need for both information and social interventions. Self-identifying, or being diagnosed, as having an anxiety disorder was associated with reporting unmet need for four of the five types of help. Conclusions: In this exploratory analysis, we examined factors associated with consumers of mental health help reporting that their needs were unmet or partially met. We found that the needs of those with anxiety problems were not generally well met. Our findings also indicate there is a need to continue to improve collaboration between the medical and community services sectors.
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FAIRWEATHER, A. K., K. J. ANSTEY, B. RODGERS, and P. BUTTERWORTH. "Factors distinguishing suicide attempters from suicide ideators in a community sample: social issues and physical health problems." Psychological Medicine 36, no. 9 (May 31, 2006): 1235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291706007823.
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Background. Few studies have focused on factors that uniquely distinguish suicide attempters from suicide ideators. This study assesses prevalence of suicide attempts among suicide ideators within a community sample; explores demographics, employment status, mental and physical health conditions, personality, life stresses and social environment as factors that may distinguish these groups; examines effects of age and gender upon suicide attempts and associated factors; and investigates the increase in suicide attempts when multiple factors related to this behaviour are present.Method. Data were drawn from the PATH Through Life Project, a community survey of 7485 people in Canberra, Australia. A subsample of 522 suicide ideators were used for this study.Results. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with suicide attempts. Physical medical conditions (OR 1·95) and negative interactions with friends (OR 1·20) were associated with an increased likelihood of suicide attempts among suicide ideators. Age and gender interaction effects for suicide attempts were found involving physical medical condition and mastery among men (OR 3·78 and 0·83 respectively) and not being employed for those aged 40–44 years (OR 8·94). A cumulative effect was found when multiple factors associated with suicide attempts were present, and the probability of an attempt was significantly elevated.Conclusions. Factors distinguishing those who attempt suicide from suicide ideators involve being unemployed, physical ill health and relationship difficulties. Contrary to expectation, this study found that ideators and attempters experience comparable levels of depression and anxiety.
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HUNT, C., C. ISSAKIDIS, and G. ANDREWS. "DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being." Psychological Medicine 32, no. 4 (May 2002): 649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005512.
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Background. This paper reports population data on DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being.Methods. The data were obtained from a nationwide household survey of adults using a stratified multi-stage sampling process. A response rate of 78·1% resulted in 10641 persons being interviewed. Diagnoses were made using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The interview was computerized and conducted by trained lay interviewers.Results. Prevalence in the total sample was 2·8% for 1-month GAD and 3·6% for 12-month GAD. Persons over 55 years of age were less likely to have GAD than those in the younger age groups. Logistic regression analysis also showed that a diagnosis of GAD was significantly associated with being of younger to middle age, being separated divorced or widowed, not having tertiary qualifications or being unemployed. Co-morbidity with another affective, anxiety, substance use or personality disorders was common, affecting 68% of the sample with 1-month DSM-IV GAD. GAD was associated with significant disablement, and 57% of the sample with DSM-IV GAD had consulted a health professional for a mental health problem in the prior 12 months.Conclusions. The survey provides population data on DSM-IV GAD and its correlates. GAD is a common disorder that is accompanied by significant morbidity and high rates of co-morbidity with affective and anxiety disorders, and is associated with marital status, education, employment status, but not sex. Changes to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria did not appear to affect the prevalence rate compared to previous population surveys.
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White, Paul, David Chant, and Harvey Whiteford. "A Comparison of Australian Men with Psychotic Disorders Remanded for Criminal Offences and a Community Group of Psychotic Men who have not Offended." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 3 (March 2006): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01783.x.
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Background: People remanded into custody by the courts have a substantially higher rate of severe mental disorder than other prisoners and the general population. Knowledge of their prevalence, needs and characteristics and an analysis of pathways to care may be necessary to provide mental health care effectively and efficiently. Previous prison studies focusing on psychotic offenders have suffered from the use of instruments not validated in a forensic setting and lack of a relevant comparison group. Method: The Diagnostic Interview for Psychosis (DP) is a composite semi-structured standardized interview schedule. It combines social and demographic descriptors with measures of functioning adapted from the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule (DAS). The remand centre surveyed had 466 cells and is the main remand and reception centre for males for the southern region of the state of Queensland, Australia. Of the 621 men screened, 65 answered yes to at least one question in the DP and were interviewed. Results: Six hundred and twenty-one remandees were screened and of these 61 were interviewed as screened positive for psychotic disorder. Thirty-five per cent had been homeless for an average of 32 weeks during the previous year. Most had had little contact with families or close friends. Eighty-one per cent were receiving no treatment at the time of offence. Seventy-eight per cent were unemployed and in receipt of a pension. Eighty per cent were dependent on alcohol, cannabis or amphetamines. Statistical issues of power are detailed in the text. Conclusions: The simplistic ‘prison, hospital or community treatment’ debate is misleading. Instead, the development of flexible preventative, management and accommodation services for people with severe mental disorder who have committed offences is a priority.
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Kolves, Kairi, Urska Arnautovska, Angelo De Gioannis, and Diego De Leo. "Community care of individuals at risk of suicide: the Life Promotion Clinic model." Mental Illness 5, no. 2 (October 18, 2013): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mi.2013.e12.
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Assistance to suicidal patients is problematic both at the hospital and community care level. Inadequacy of facilities, pressured personnel, long waiting time, and professional and social stigmatization are just some of the many issues that interfere with successful treatment. The goal of this paper is to present the functioning of the Life Promotion Clinic (LPC), Australia, and describe its users. The LPC is the first specialized outpatient service in Australia dedicated to the treatment of individuals with suicidal thoughts and behaviors. A description of the service and characteristics of its clients (demographic, psychopathology, risk of suicide) are herein presented. Data were collected for 63 male and 175 female patients who attended the LPC over a three-year period. Patients were mostly single females, aged up to 44 years, poorly educated, unemployed or on a pension/benefit. The majority of patients reported at least one suicide attempt, severe depression and anxiety scores, moderate-severe feelings of hopelessness, and high impulsiveness scores. Compared to females, male patients presented with more active desire to kill themselves and higher level of suicidal ideation. We can conclude that establishing a specialist service for treatment of individuals at increased risk for suicide requires consideration of both patient and clinicians needs. The LPC presents an innovative model of community service, capable of engaging patients with serious mental health issues, while making the service accessible to people from various social categories.
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Milner, Allison, Anne-Marie Bollier, Eric Emerson, and Anne Kavanagh. "The relationship between disability and suicide: prospective evidence from the Ten to Men cohort." Journal of Public Health 41, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy197.
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Abstract Background People with disabilities often face a range of social and economic adversities. Evidence suggests that these disadvantages result in poorer mental health. Some research also indicates that people with disabilities are more likely experience thoughts about suicide than people without disability, although most of this research is based on small cross-sectional samples. Methods We explored the relationship between self-reported disability (measured at baseline) and likelihood of reporting thoughts of suicide (measured at follow up) using a large longitudinal cohort of Australian males. A logistic regression model was conducted with thoughts of suicide within the past 12 months (yes or no) as the outcome and disability as the exposure. The models adjusted for relevant confounders, including mental health using the SF-12 MCS, and excluded males who reported thoughts of suicide at baseline. Results After adjustment, there was a 1.48 (95% CI: 0.98–2.23, P = 0.063) increase in the odds of thoughts of suicide among men who also reported a disability. The size of association was similar to that of being unemployed. Conclusions Males reporting disability may also suffer from thoughts of suicide. We speculate that discrimination may be one explanation for the observed association. More research on this topic is needed.
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Griffiths, Rosalyn A., Pierre J. V. Beumont, Janice Russell, Stephen W. Touyz, and Gemma Moore. "The Use of Guardianship Legislation for Anorexia Nervosa: A Report of 15 Cases." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 4 (August 1997): 525–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709065074.
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Objective: This paper investigates compulsory treatment under guardianship legislation for 15 anorexia nervosa patients admitted to four eating disorders units in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, between 1991 and 1994. Method: A retrospective follow-up was conducted. This involved an analysis of sociodemographic, clinical, eating and weight history, and Guardianship Order details obtained from medical records. This small sample was compared to a larger sample of anorexia nervosa patients admitted voluntarily to a specialised eating disorder unit in NSW. Further follow-up included a structured interview using the Morgan-Russell Assessment Outcome Schedule at least 1 year after admission for compulsory treatment. Results: For those treated involuntarily, a larger number came from metropolitan Sydney and a larger percentage were unemployed, were purgers and required specialist medical consultations. A significantly higher proportion came from higher socioeconomic groups, and the duration of stay in hospital while patients were under guardianship was significantly greater. A high degree of comorbidity was noted. There were similarities between those treated involuntarily and those treated voluntarily for the source of referral, marital status and Body Mass Index on admission and discharge. Only three patients accepted a follow-up interview using the Morgan-Russell Outcome Schedule. Two of them had made a good recovery. Conclusions: It was noted that the guardianship sample comprised a more severely ill group than anorexic patients treated voluntarily. The nature of guardianship legislation compared to mental health law was discussed and advice offered to clinicians contemplating and implementing compulsory treatment.
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O’Meara, Lydia, Susan L. Williams, Kate Ames, Celeste Lawson, Sonia Saluja, and Corneel Vandelanotte. "Low Health Literacy Is Associated With Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes in a Nonclinical Population." Diabetes Educator 45, no. 4 (June 21, 2019): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145721719857548.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine associations among risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), health literacy levels, and sociodemographic characteristics in a nonclinical adult population to assist in the development of effective T2D prevention programs.MethodsThe Health Literacy Questionnaire and Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool were included in an online survey. Participants were a random sample of adults residing in each Australian state and territory. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1279 Australian adults participated (52% female; mean ± SD age, 61 ± 12 years). Most were at medium (42.4%) or high (46.9%) risk of developing T2D. The lowest health literacy scores were found for the domains “critical appraisal of health information” and “navigating the health care system.” After controlling for covariates, participants at the highest risk of developing T2D were significantly more likely to be unemployed, have ≥1 chronic conditions, or have a mental health condition. Furthermore, they were significantly more likely to develop T2D if they scored low in 1 of the following health literacy domains: critical appraisal of health information, navigating the health care system, actively managing health, social support, and health care provider support.ConclusionsHealth literacy was associated with increased risk for developing T2D and should therefore be part of diabetes prevention initiatives. Specifically, new health promotion initiatives need to help people develop skills required to critically appraise health information and navigate the health care system. Health practitioners and educators should ensure that health information developed for consumers is uncomplicated and easily understood.
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Rigney, Louise, Alexis Selby, Lily Chen, Tejas Patel, Yun T. Hwang, Anthony ED Mobbs, and Rowena EA Mobbs. "117 Employment-activity status and multidisciplinary care engagement in patients with newly diagnosed dementia: a 16-month audit study within an inner sydney community neurology clinic." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, e7 (July 2019): A38.1—A38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-anzan.104.
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IntroductionDementia is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in Australia. Attitudes towards dementia in the workplace, tailored adjustments for disability, and patient-centred ‘exit with dignity’ strategies are of objective and subjective importance to patient wellbeing. This study aimed to assess employment characteristics in those with newly diagnosed dementia, and engagement with multidisciplinary supports.MethodsAn audit of patients with diagnosis of dementia (n=136,age51–96 yrs,M:F1.1:1) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)(n=28,age56–83M:F0.6:1) over a 16 month period in 2017–18 was performed using online server data collection and retrospective analysis of general and employment demographic characteristics, presenting clinical information, and care across clinical psychology, psychotherapy, occupational therapy, speech pathology, and dietetics.ResultsYounger onset dementia was present in 14(10%). Of the 122 dementia cases aged above 65 years, 24(20%) were employed-active, 98(80%) were retired, and none were unemployed. Approximately 5% had a background in healthcare. Allied health support was provided in 106 cases (78%) with ≥3 supports in 28(21%) and was more common in those who were retired(76%) versus employed-active (21%). Clinical psychology or psychotherapy support was provided in 50(37%) cases of dementia. ConclusionsThe onset of dementia often co-exists with active employment. Community perception of employment status in dementia would be of future research interest. Provision of multidisciplinary allied health supports in dementia may facilitate coping, adjustment and cooperative strategies for exit with dignity but further studies are required in this cohort.
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Trail, Katherine, Michael J. Wilson, Simon M. Rice, Tara Hunt, Jane Pirkis, and Zac E. Seidler. "“I Called When I Was at My Lowest”: Australian Men’s Experiences of Crisis Helplines." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 9143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159143.
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Background: Helplines are an accessible form of support for people struggling with difficulties in their lives and are key services in suicide prevention and intervention. Men’s experiences of telephone helplines are not well understood, despite high male suicide rates. Methods: We conducted an online cross-sectional survey with N = 684 Australian men (aged 17–83 years, M = 50.13) using open- and closed-ended questions about their experiences of helplines during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics were analysed to investigate differences between men using and not using helplines. Qualitative responses were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Within the sample, 100 men (14.6%) had used a helpline service. Men using helplines were more likely to be unemployed and in younger age brackets than those not using helplines. They were also more likely to report experiencing stressors related to COVID-19, including financial stress and job loss, perceived impact on mental health and relationship breakdown. Qualitative analysis indicated varied experiences of helplines, with men shedding light on how their interaction with a counsellor, the structure of services and their expectations of the service impacted their experience. Conclusions: Further in-depth qualitative enquiry in this space is required, with the objective of understanding how helpline services may seek to better engage with male callers.
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Wade, Darryl, Susy Harrigan, Jane Edwards, Philip M. Burgess, Greg Whelan, and Patrick D. Mcgorry. "Patterns and Predictors of Substance use Disorders and Daily Tobacco use in First-Episode Psychosis." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 10 (October 2005): 892–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01699.x.
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Objective: To investigate the patterns and predictors of substance use disorders (SUD) and daily tobacco use in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Method: In this study, consecutive admissions of 126 patients with an initial presentation for FEP were recruited from three psychiatric services. Each patient was assessed with a comprehensive assessment package in order to collect demographic information, to diagnose psychotic disorders and SUD, to estimate the duration of untreated psychosis and to assess premorbid functioning and the severity of psychiatric symptoms. Results: The rates of lifetime SUD and daily tobacco use were 71% and 77%, respectively. The onset of SUD pre-dated the onset of positive psychotic symptoms in 91% of relevant cases. In multivariate analyses, male gender, younger age, Australian birth and unemployed status were the most consistent demographic predictors of SUD and daily tobacco use. There were no associations found between SUD and symptom severity, premorbid adjustment, psychotic disorder diagnosis or hospitalization. Conclusions: Male gender and younger age are reliable predictors of SUD in FEP. Patients with and without SUD appear to have similar clinical characteristics at initial presentation.
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Ainsworth, Frank, and Patricia Hansen. "Family Foster Care: Can it Survive the Evidence?" Children Australia 39, no. 2 (May 21, 2014): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2014.5.
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The media coverage of foster care in Australia is replete with adoration for foster carers who look after disadvantaged and difficult children and youth. As this article is being written, New South Wales is holding a ‘foster care week’ with enhanced media coverage and praise for foster carers, the recruitment of new foster carers and acclaim for the ‘foster carer of the year’. Yet, there is another side to foster care that offers less than ideal circumstances for children in care. There is the worrying issue of multiple placements, the problem with children and young people running away from foster care before they reach the legal age for discharge, and evidence of increased incidence of poor educational attainment and involvement in juvenile offending for young people in foster care. In addition, there are cases of foster children being abused by foster carers. As adults, former foster-care children and youth are over-represented among the homeless, in adult correction centres, the unemployed and the users of mental health services. This article documents these negative outcomes of entering the foster-care system, and asks whether family (or non-relative) foster care can survive this evidence. For too many children and young people, family foster care may not provide better outcomes than less-than-optimal parental care from which the children were removed. An alternative is to reduce the use of family foster care and increase intensive support and parenting education services for birth parents who have limited parenting capacity. The aim should be to limit the number of children being taken into care.
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BOY, ANGELO V. "Work and Unemployed Mental Health Clients." Journal of Employment Counseling 24, no. 2 (June 1987): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.1987.tb00945.x.
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Takahashi, Miho, Shinichiro Morita, and Kazuko Ishidu. "Stigma and Mental Health in Japanese Unemployed Individuals." Journal of Employment Counseling 52, no. 1 (March 2015): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2015.00053.x.
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Subramaniam, Mythily, Jue Hua Lau, Edimansyah Abdin, Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar, James Junda Tan, Yunjue Zhang, Sherilyn Chang, et al. "Impact of unemployment on mental disorders, physical health and quality of life: Findings from the Singapore Mental Health Study." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 50, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 390–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020637.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: This study examines: (1) the employment rate among those with a mental disorder in the 12 months preceding the survey (referred henceforth as 12-month mental disorder); (2) the sociodemographic correlates of unemployment; and (3) the association of unemployment with 12-month mental disorders and chronic physical conditions in the adult resident population in Singapore. Methods: Data are from the Singapore Mental Health Study 2016, a household survey of a nationally representative sample of 6,126 Singapore residents. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to assess mental disorders and physical health conditions. Employment-related information was collected using a modified employment module of the CIDI. Results: Of the 6,125 participants who took part in the study, 4,055 (72%) were employed, 1,716 (22.7%) were economically inactive, and 354 (5.3%) were unemployed. The unemployment rate was twice as high among those with a 12-month mental disorder (11.5%) than those without (4.8%). The proportion of unemployed individuals increased sharply with the increasing severity of mental disorders. Being married and higher household income were significantly associated with a higher likelihood of being employed than unemployed. In contrast, the presence of one 12-month mental disorder was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of being employed. Conclusion: Our findings provide information on the significant association of mental disorders with unemployment. Clinicians should remain vigilant and consider the loss of employment a potential risk factor for adverse physical and mental health changes. Management of unemployed patients with a combination of pharmacotherapy and work-directed interventions can facilitate their re-entry into the workforce and improve health outcomes. Keywords: Employment, epidemiology, mental health, survey
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Pelling, Nadine. "Mental Health in Australia." International Journal of Mental Health 44, no. 1-2 (January 2, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207411.2015.1009741.
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Pharr, Jennifer R., Sheniz Moonie, and Timothy J. Bungum. "The Impact of Unemployment on Mental and Physical Health, Access to Health Care and Health Risk Behaviors." ISRN Public Health 2012 (December 25, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/483432.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of employment status and unemployment duration on perceived health, access to health care, and health risk behaviors. Data from Nevada's 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were analyzed. We compared participants who were unemployed (greater than and less than one year) to those who were employed and those who were voluntarily out of the labor force (OLF). Unemployed participants had significantly worse perceived mental health profiles, were more likely to delay health care services due to cost, and were less likely to have access to health care than employed participants and OLF participants. OLF participants were not significantly different from employed participants. Contrary to previous findings, unemployed participants in this study were not more likely to binge drink, smoke, or be physically inactive. Findings from this study suggest that the impetus for unemployment, be it voluntary or involuntary, may significantly impact a person's mental health.
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Meiler, B., C. Steil, I. Wiesten, J. Wiltfang, and B. Kis. "A study on mental health in elder long term unemployed persons." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72264-7.
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IntroductionThere are complex associations between work and mental health. Self-efficacy, experience of own abilities and appropriate challenges are important prerequisites of mental health. Availability of these factors is specifically decreased in the elder long term unemployed and results in higher vulnerability for mental impairment.ObjectivesInvestigation on mental health of elder long term unemployed personsAimsTo examine incidence of mental disorders in elder long term unemployed personsMethodsSenior long term unemployed participants in a vocational reintegration program were examined. Clients were allocated by choice to the study by their placement officers. An extensive psychiatric examination including structured clinical interviews (SKID) and clinical and personality questionnaires (BDI, STAI, MSWS, SCL 90-R, SF36, AUDIT, FTNA) was performed with each subject.Results90 subjects were included into the study so far and 42 completed the psychiatric examination. The mean age was 54.7 years and gender ratio was balanced. 94% were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder and 80% were diagnosed with more than one disorder according to ICD-10. In particular, 78.6% of the subjects had depression, 40.5% anxiety disorders, 35.7% combined personality disorders, 26.2% posttraumatic disorders, 21.4% addiction disorders, 16.7% single personality disorders and 7.1% psychotic disorders.ConclusionA large proportion of the long term unemployed persons examined is affected by mental disorders. Along with the high incidence of depressive, anxiety and addiction disorders there was a considerable number of personality and specifically trauma-related disorders. Accordingly, personality disorders may be a risk factor for unemployment in elder people too.
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Knopp, Katarzyna A. "Exploring the relationship of emotional intelligence with mental health status in polish unemployed persons – differences between men and women." Polish Psychological Bulletin 47, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppb-2016-0051.
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Abstract This study investigates the relationship between EI and the state of mental health of unemployed persons. Gender differences were also identified in terms of mental health and its correlation with EI. A sample of 160 Polish unemployed persons aged 35 to 45 years filled in self-descriptive measures of EI and mental health. Significant gender differences were found - unemployed women were characterised by a greater intensity of mental health disorders than unemployed men. EI was negatively correlated with mental health disorders, but the correlations were few and weaker than expected. However, when unemployed persons with a low, average and high EI were compared, it turned out that participants with a low EI were characterised by a significantly worse condition of mental health than participants with a average or high EI.
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Park, Se Jin, Soo Yeon Kim, Eun-Sun Lee, and Subin Park. "Associations among Employment Status, Health Behaviors, and Mental Health in a Representative Sample of South Koreans." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (April 3, 2020): 2456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072456.
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The purpose of the present study was to compare the health behaviors, general health, and mental health of South Korean employees according to their employment status, and to examine how these associations vary across genders using the latest Korean National Examination Health and Nutrition Survey data. Logistic regression analyses were performed using employment status—permanent job, temporary job, and unemployed—as predictor variables and health-related variables as the outcome variables. Results indicated that temporary workers and the unemployed have higher odds of poor mental health regardless of gender. On the other hand, only male permanent workers were found to have a higher risk of problematic drinking compared to precarious workers and the unemployed. Meanwhile, only women showed a higher risk of current smoking in the temporary job and unemployed groups compared with permanent employees. Regarding general health, women, not men, in the temporary job group reported poorer general health (i.e., low health-related quality of life and higher self-perceived poor health) than those in other groups. These findings suggest that the development and implementation of intervention services, as well as organizational actions, need to consider differential impacts of unfavorable employment status on health issues according to gender.
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Waldmann, Tamara, Tobias Staiger, Nathalie Oexle, and Nicolas Rüsch. "Mental health literacy and help-seeking among unemployed people with mental health problems." Journal of Mental Health 29, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 270–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2019.1581342.
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Staiger, T., T. Waldmann, S. Krumm, and N. Rüsch. "Stigma and Poor Mental Health Literacy As Barriers to Service Use Among Unemployed People With Mental Illness – A Qualitative Study." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1786.
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Introduction/objectivesMental health problems were shown by different studies to be both: results of and risk factors for unemployment. However, unemployed people with mental health problems often have difficulties in finding and using mental health services and therefore do not benefit from therapies. Because unemployed individuals outside the healthcare system are a hard-to-reach group, barriers to but also facilities for mental health services are poorly understood.AimsThe aim of the study is to identify barriers and facilitators of help seeking and service use, based on experiences of unemployed people with mental health strains.MethodsWe conducted 15 qualitative semi-structured interviews with unemployed individuals, facing self-reported mental health problems or mental illness. Topics included individual experiences with help-seeking and mental health service use, with a focus on barriers and facilitators. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and major themes were identified.ResultsPatients fear adverse reactions of psychiatric medication. They report to be treated as “different” by their social environment and health professionals, which leads to a lack of self-esteem and inhibits them in their help seeking efforts. Social support and desire for change on the other hand can be strong motivational factors in searching for help.ConclusionPerception of GPs towards mental health issues of their patients, and especially unemployed patients, has to be raised. Stigmatization of mental illnesses and help seeking should be reduced in practical context.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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De Grâce, Gaston-R., and Purushottam Joshi. "Estime de Soi, Solitude et Dépression Chez Les Chômeurs Diplômés D'Université Selon La Durée du Chômage: Une Comparaison Avec Les Non Diplômés." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 5, no. 1 (April 1, 1986): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-1986-0009.
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The present research studies the level of self-esteem, loneliness and depression in a sample of unemployed university graduates, taking into consideration the duration of unemployment. Thus, the subjects are divided into three groups: recently unemployed (1 month and less), moderately unemployed (6-7 months), and chronically unemployed (11-12 months). The instruments used are The Social Self-Esteem Inventory, The U.C.L.A. Loneliness Scale, and the Beck Depression Scale. The results show that the level of self-esteem is significantly lower for the chronically unemployed as compared to the recently unemployed. On the other hand, loneliness is significantly greater for chronically unemployed than for recently unemployed. Finally, depression is significantly greater for the moderate group as compared to the recent one, and for chronically unemployed than for the recently unemployed. The results for the unemployed university graduates are significantly different from those obtained from non graduates on two variables: the recently unemployed graduates have a greater self-esteem than recently unemployed non graduates. Moreover, the chronically unemployed graduates experience more depression as compared to their non graduate counterparts.
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Stansfeld, Stephen. "Work, personality and mental health." British Journal of Psychiatry 181, no. 2 (August 2002): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.181.2.96.
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To be unemployed when you want to be working is indisputably bad for both mental and physical health. Job insecurity too is bad for health (Ferrie et al, 1995). Because work itself can be both hazardous and beneficial to mental health and because most adults spend a lot of their life working, and because the nature of work is potentially modifiable, it is worthwhile gaining a more thorough understanding of the impact of work on mental health.
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Stansfeld, Stephen. "Work, personality and mental health." British Journal of Psychiatry 181, no. 02 (August 2002): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007125000161781.
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To be unemployed when you want to be working is indisputably bad for both mental and physical health. Job insecurity too is bad for health (Ferrie et al, 1995). Because work itself can be both hazardous and beneficial to mental health and because most adults spend a lot of their life working, and because the nature of work is potentially modifiable, it is worthwhile gaining a more thorough understanding of the impact of work on mental health.
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Wigand, Moritz E., Nathalie Oexle, Tamara Waldmann, Tobias Staiger, Thomas Becker, and Nicolas Rüsch. "Predictors of help-seeking in unemployed people with mental health problems." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 7-8 (August 22, 2019): 543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019868262.
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Background: Unemployment and mental ill health often contribute to each other and lead to social exclusion with negative consequences for individuals and society. Yet, unemployed people with mental health problems often do not seek care. Aims: The aim of this study was to assess predictors of help-seeking among unemployed people with mental health problems. Methods: At baseline, 301 unemployed participants with mental health problems reported potential predictors of help-seeking in terms of mental health literacy, perceived barriers to care, self-concept as having a mental illness and current mental health service use. At 6-month follow-up, 240 participants reported whether or not they had started new mental health treatment since baseline. Results: Adjusted for symptoms, sociodemographic and work-related variables, help-seeking was predicted by previous mental health service use and by fewer non-stigma-related barriers, not by stigma-related barriers. Conclusion: Implications for interventions to increase help-seeking among this vulnerable group are discussed.
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Brown, Peggy. "Mental health in rural Australia." Australian Journal of Rural Health 25, no. 5 (October 2017): 258–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajr.12402.
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Williams, Anthony T. "Mental Health Services in Australia." International Journal of Mental Health 22, no. 1 (March 1993): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207411.1993.11449248.
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Steil, C., B. Meiler, I. Wiesten, J. Wiltfang, and B. Kis. "Utilisation of psychiatric examination and counseling in senior unemployed persons." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72290-8.
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IntroductionUnemployment is associated with various psychosocial strain factors. Previous studies show correlations between unemployment and impaired mental health. Present examinations on this set of problems mainly focused on younger unemployed, while specific psychosocial strains of senior unemployed persons were scarcely presented.ObjectivesInvestigation on psychiatric services for senior long term unemployed personsAimsTo examine the exigency and feasibility of specific mental health interventions for senior long term unemployed personsMethodsSenior long term unemployed participants in a vocational reintegration program underwent psychiatric examination and counseling. Placement officers recommended participation by choice to their clients and diagnostic examinations including clinical interviews and questionnaires were performed. Clients then received either direct treatment by the project staff, e.g. focal short-term therapy, or were placed in appropriate treatments. Numbers of clients who consented and who refused participation, dropout rates, psychiatric diagnoses and treatment placements were recorded.ResultsAttendance in the program was recommended to 161 clients to the date of this report. 136 clients consented with participation and 90 were included into examination. 21% discontinued participation in the course of examination. Of the unemployed persons surveyed, 96% received a psychiatric diagnosis and 80% multiple psychiatric diagnoses. 7% were placed to inpatient-treatment and 31% to ambulatory treatment.ConclusionPsychiatric services were highly requested and senior unemployed persons are specifically affected by mental disorders that presumably interfere with vocational reintegration. According to this, vocational reintegration programs should be flanked by psychiatric services to give consideration to the specific psychosocial strains of unemployed persons.
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Draksler, Katja, Nataša Dernovšček Hafner, Niko Arnerić, and Metoda Dodič Fikfak. "Restructuring of a Textile Manufacturing Company and Workers’ Health." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 28, no. 1 (February 8, 2018): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291118755755.
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Organizational restructuring is associated with greater mortality and morbidity of the workers affected by it. We examined the quality of workers’ health at a textile manufacturing company after restructuring, comparing three groups of workers: workers who remained (survivors), workers who lost their jobs and later found new jobs (the reemployed), and unemployed workers. A total of 1046 workers participated in a telephonic survey. The data were processed using SPSS and the R package version 1.2 of prLogistic. The differences between groups were calculated using the chi-square test and adjusted prevalence ratios. The comparison between the three groups shows significantly poorer mental health of the unemployed, who more often than survivors and the reemployed reported depression, as well as significant differences in elevated blood pressure, cholesterol level, and cardiac disorders. The reemployed, who were nonetheless in better health compared to the unemployed, reported poor mental health or depression more often in comparison to survivors. Higher morbidity of the unemployed and reemployed could be influenced by numerous factors associated with restructuring.
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Hawton, Keith, Joan Fagg, and Susan Simkin. "Female Unemployment and Attempted Suicide." British Journal of Psychiatry 152, no. 5 (May 1988): 632–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.152.5.632.
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Unemployment became more common among females attempting suicide in Oxford between 1976 and 1985, although the rise was less than expected from the increased general-population female unemployment rate. Rates of attempted suicide among unemployed women between 1979 and 1982 were 7.5–10.9 times higher than those of employed women, and were particularly high in women unemployed for more than a year. Many more unemployed than employed women attempting suicide had a history of psychiatric difficulties, were suffering from alcoholism, and made repeat attempts. Two possible explanations are: firstly, the secondary consequences of unemployment increase the risk of suicidal behaviour; and, secondly, women already predisposed to psychiatric difficulties and hence attempted suicide are more likely to become unemployed.
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Mata-Greve, Felicia, Morgan Johnson, Michael D. Pullmann, Emily C. Friedman, Isabell Griffith Fillipo, Katherine A. Comtois, and Patricia Arean. "Mental Health and the Perceived Usability of Digital Mental Health Tools Among Essential Workers and People Unemployed Due to COVID-19: Cross-sectional Survey Study." JMIR Mental Health 8, no. 8 (August 5, 2021): e28360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/28360.
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Background COVID-19 has created serious mental health consequences for essential workers or people who have become unemployed as a result of the pandemic. Digital mental health tools have the potential to address this problem in a timely and efficient manner. Objective The purpose of this study was to document the extent of digital mental health tool (DMHT) use by essential workers and those unemployed due to COVID-19, including asking participants to rate the usability and user burden of the DMHT they used most to cope. We also explored which aspects and features of DMHTs were seen as necessary for managing stress during a pandemic by having participants design their own ideal DMHT. Methods A total of 2000 people were recruited from an online research community (Prolific) to complete a one-time survey about mental health symptoms, DMHT use, and preferred digital mental health features. Results The final sample included 1987 US residents that identified as either an essential worker or someone who was unemployed due to COVID-19. Almost three-quarters of the sample (1479/1987, 74.8%) reported clinically significant emotional distress. Only 14.2% (277/1957) of the sample used a DMHT to cope with stress associated with COVID-19. Of those who used DMHTs to cope with COVID-19, meditation apps were the most common (119/261, 45.6%). Usability was broadly in the acceptable range, although participants unemployed due to COVID-19 were less likely to report user burden with DMHTs than essential workers (t198.1=–3.89, P<.001). Individuals with emotional distress reported higher financial burden for their DMHT than nondistressed individuals (t69.0=–3.21, P=.01). When the sample was provided the option to build their own DMHT, the most desired features were a combination of mindfulness/meditation (1271/1987, 64.0%), information or education (1254/1987, 63.1%), distraction tools (1170/1987, 58.9%), symptom tracking for mood and sleep (1160/1987, 58.4%), link to mental health resources (1140/1987, 57.4%), and positive psychology (1131/1986, 56.9%). Subgroups by employment, distress, and previous DMHT use status had varied preferences. Of those who did not use a DMHT to cope with COVID-19, most indicated that they did not consider looking for such a tool to help with coping (1179/1710, 68.9%). Conclusions Despite the potential need for DMHTs, this study found that the use of such tools remains similar to prepandemic levels. This study also found that regardless of the level of distress or even past experience using an app to cope with COVID-19, it is possible to develop a COVID-19 coping app that would appeal to a majority of essential workers and unemployed persons.
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Paralikas, T., K. Vagiatis, M. Gouva, M. Malliarou, S. Kotrotsiou, D. Theofanidis, and E. Kotrotsiou. "Investigating the relationship between mental health, resilience and self-compassion among Greek unemployed people." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1599.
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Introduction Unemployment is considered to be one of the most stressful life events that a person may experience. There are a plethora of studies that highlighted the negative effects of unemployment on people’s overall mental health and well-being. Yet, psychological resilience and self-compassion contribute positively in coping with stressful situations and seem to be particularly supportive mechanisms when one is confronted with unemployment. Objectives This study intended to investigate the relationships between resilience, self-compassion and mental health in Greek unemployed people and the contribution of specific sociodemographic characteristics in this ‘equation’. Methods The study followed a survey design where a sample of 345 Greek unemployed participants completed an online questionnaire, examining the variables under study. Results According to the findings, people who reported being unemployed for more than six months showed decreased levels of mental health. Also, the unemployed with higher levels of resilience and self-compassion reported statistically significant higher levels of mental health and vice versa. Finally, self-compassion and psychological resilience were found to be statistically positive related to each other and are predictive factors of mental health with which they are statistically negative related. Conclusions The results of this study may contribute to the implementation of interventions aiming at improving mental health and the overall well-being of people affected by long-term unemployment. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Arya, Vikas, Sandro Sperandei, Matthew J. Spittal, and Andrew Page. "Employment Transitions and Mental Health in a Cohort of 45 Years and Older Australians." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 9030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179030.
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Background: This study investigated the associations between employment transitions and psychological distress among a cohort of 45 years and older Australians. Methods: This study was based on the 45 and Up Study, a large prospective cohort of participants aged 45 years and older (N = 267,153), followed up over the period 2006–2015. The risk of psychological distress was compared between various employment transitions categories by specifying an ordered logistic regression model adjusting for confounders. Results: Compared to participants who remained employed at baseline and follow-up, higher psychological distress was found among those who transitioned from being employed to unemployed (OR = 2.68, 95%CI 2.13–3.33) and to not being in the labour force or retired (OR = 2.21, 95%CI 1.85–2.62). Higher psychological distress was also evident among those who remained unemployed from baseline to follow-up (OR = 2.00, 95%CI 1.10–3.43), and those who transitioned from being retired to being unemployed (OR = 1.55, 95%CI 1.03–2.27). Conversely, lower psychological distress was found among those who transitioned from being unemployed to being employed (OR = 0.35, 95%CI 0.25–0.51). In general, lower psychological distress was found among ‘positive’ employment transitions (transitioning to being employed or retired). Conclusions: Policies focussing on re-employment in older age, as well as unemployment schemes, might be helpful in reducing psychological distress among middle- and old-age Australians.
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Coombs, Tim, and Tom Meehan. "Mental health outcomes in Australia: Issues for mental health nurses." International Journal of Mental Health Nursing 12, no. 3 (September 2003): 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0979.2003.00285.x.
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Saraceno, Benedetto. "The World Health Organization's Mental Health and Substance Abuse Programme." International Psychiatry 1, no. 4 (April 2004): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600006755.
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There has been a rapid rise in the number of people with mental disorders. These disorders represent a major challenge to global development. The burden will be higher in developing countries, which have the least resources to respond. World-wide, 450 million people are affected at any given time. No group is immune to mental disorders but the risk is higher among: the poor; children and adolescents; abused women; the unemployed; persons with little education; neglected elderly people; victims of violence; migrants and refugees; and indigenous populations.
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O’Halloran, David, Nikos Thomacos, Simone Casey, and Louise Farnworth. "A secondary analysis to develop a scale for measuring unemployed workers’ experiences of Australian employment services." Work 70, no. 3 (November 26, 2021): 805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-205120.
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BACKGROUND: Research consistently shows that Australian employment services are failing those they are intended to serve. Based on findings in other human service areas, a valid and reliable instrument to measure unemployed workers’ experiences may provide an opportunity for improvement in this sector. OBJECTIVE: To establish a basis for developing a suitable rating scale. METHODS: An exploratory factor analysis combined with qualitative cross check for face validity of an existing large survey of Australian unemployed workers. RESULTS: Six factors appear to be important elements of service delivery: (F1) useful and competent, (F2) client-centred, (F3) receptive to feedback, (F4) trustworthy, (F5) fair, and (F6) friendly. CONCLUSIONS: While each of these factors have been either described explicitly or referred to implicitly in previous studies, this study is the first to attempt to combine these factors and is a precursor to establishing a valid and reliable rating scale for use by unemployed workers in evaluating their employment service providers. At a time when Australia is exploring new approaches to employment services, such a scale using a robust set of factors may allow for the improvement of employment services and thus be held accountable to a significant stakeholder group whom they aim to serve –unemployed workers.
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Katayanagi, Mitsuaki, Moe Seto, Naoki Nakaya, Tomohiro Nakamura, Naho Tsuchiya, Akira Narita, Mana Kogure, et al. "Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on the Employment Status and Mental Health Conditions of Affected Coastal Communities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 3, 2020): 8130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218130.
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The Great East Japan Earthquake devasted the old community in coastal areas characterized by primary industry. The number of unemployed people increased from 150,000 to 190,000 after the earthquake. All of the adult residents of Shichigahama (18 years old or older), located in the coastal area of the Miyagi prefecture, whose houses were totally or majorly damaged, were recruited for a survey conducted in October 2011. All of the residents who responded with written informed consent were included in this study. Among 904 individuals who had a job before the Great East Japan Earthquake, 19% became unemployed. Concerning gender and age, 9% of young men, 34% of elderly men, 21% of young women, and 49% of elderly women became unemployed. Concerning the type of industry, 38%, 15%, and 16% of people who had belonged to the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, respectively, before the disaster became unemployed. Those who became unemployed exhibited a significantly higher risk of insomnia compared to those who maintained jobs. The study pointed out the severe impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on populations who had belonged to the primary industry, especially among elderly women, and its effect on sleep conditions.