Journal articles on the topic 'Undesirable behaviours'
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Bais, Frank, Barry Schouten, and Vera Toepoel. "Investigating Response Patterns Across Surveys: Do Respondents Show Consistency in Undesirable Answer Behaviour over Multiple Surveys?" Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 147-148, no. 1-2 (August 2020): 150–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0759106320939891.
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The relation between answer behaviour and measurement error has been studied extensively. Answer behaviour may be considered undesirable, like answering ‘don’t know’ or ‘won’t tell’. It is not clear to what degree undesirable answer behaviour from the same respondents is present across different surveys. In this study, we investigated to what extent respondents show undesirable answer behaviours consistently over multiple surveys. First, we investigated to what extent the answer behaviours occurred in ten large general population surveys of CentERdata and Statistics Netherlands. Second, we explored the respondent variances and respondent-survey interaction variances to obtain an indication for respondent consistency for each answer behaviour. The results showed that respondents only occasionally give ‘don’t know’– and ‘won’t tell’-answers. An indication for respondent consistency was found for fast responding, slow responding, and ‘won’t tell’-answers in particular. We recommend follow-up research to investigate the relation between respondent characteristics and consistent answer behaviour.
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Borg, Mark G., and Joseph M. Falzon. "Primary School Teachers’ Perception of Pupils’ Undesirable Behaviours." Educational Studies 15, no. 3 (January 1989): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0305569890150304.
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Borg, Mark G. "Secondary school teachers' perception of pupils' undesirable behaviours." British Journal of Educational Psychology 68, no. 1 (March 1998): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1998.tb01275.x.
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Casey, R. A. "Factors influencing stereotypical behaviour patterns in horses: a review of 52 clinical cases." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200011728.
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Behaviours such as weaving, box-walking and wind-sucking have traditionally been regarded as undesirable behaviours or ‘vices’ by horse owners, which has led to ‘treatment’ regimes that aimed to physically prevent the performance of the behaviour rather than understand the underlying causes for it. In recent years, however, a number of studies have shed light on the epidemiology of these behaviours (e.g. Luescher et al 1998), leading to the development of more welfare compatible treatment options. In this study, a clinical population of horses presented with stereotypical behaviours is examined for relationships between presenting signs and historical and observational findings.
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Hadjistavropoulos, Heather D., Kirsten M. Gullickson, Luke H. Schneider, Blake F. Dear, and Nickolai Titov. "Development of the Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Undesirable Therapist Behaviours Scale (ICBT-UTBS)." Internet Interventions 18 (December 2019): 100255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2019.100255.
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Kokkinos *, Constantinos M., Georgia Panayiotou, and Aggeliki M. Davazoglou. "Perceived seriousness of pupils' undesirable behaviours: the student teachers' perspective." Educational Psychology 24, no. 1 (February 2004): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144341032000146458.
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Woodcock, Kathryn, and Janet Tsao. "“Rider Responsibility” and Amusement Ride Accidents: An Observational and Consensus Study of Rider Behaviours." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 19 (September 2005): 1800–1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901910.
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“Rider responsibility” regulations will oblige riders to comply with rules and safety features and to abide by the range and limits of their abilities. This study observed rider errors and analysed inspectors' reports of undesirable rider and operator behaviours. In most errors, provisions for error prevention and error capturing were ineffective, although error tolerance prevented most injury. While inspectors used a discourse of violation to describe undesirable behaviour, the observed errors were goal oriented and made sense in the rider's task or possible mental model. “Rider responsibility” obligations may not eliminate the contextual aspects of the errors resulting in deviation from the existing safety rules.
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McClure, John, and Joanne Abbott. "How Normative Information Shapes Attributions for the Actions of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury." Brain Impairment 10, no. 2 (September 1, 2009): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.10.2.180.
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AbstractMany citizens misunderstand the actions of persons with brain injury, and these misunderstandings hamper rehabilitation. A specific misunderstanding is where people misattribute behaviours resulting from brain injury to the injured person's personality or life stage (e.g., adolescence). The present study examined if this pattern is explained by the Abnormal Conditions Focus model of attribution, which claims that attributions for behaviours reflect whether the behaviours are normal for the person (Consistency) and the culture (Consensus). Scenarios described an adolescent with brain injury performing four undesirable behaviours and then indicated whether the behaviour was normal or not normal for the person prior to injury and normal or not normal for that person's culture. For each of the four behaviours, students (n = 136) rated three attributions: brain injury, personality and adolescent norms. Participants attributed the behaviours more to brain injury and less to personality when the behaviours were not normal for that person than when they were normal for the person. They attributed the behaviours more to adolescence when the behaviours were normal for the person's culture than when they were not normal for the culture. Rehabilitation implications include assessing individuals' premorbid behaviour to enable citizens and less experienced professionals to make more accurate attributions for behaviours and target treatment more effectively.
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Mehmet, TEYFUR. "Undesirable student behaviours encountered by prımary school teachers and solution proposals." Educational Research and Reviews 10, no. 17 (September 15, 2015): 2422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/err2015.2133.
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Moore, E. A., D. M. Broom, and P. H. Simmins. "The effect of enrichment on the behaviour, welfare and performance of early-weaned piglets in slatted flatdeck housing." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1994 (March 1994): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600027380.
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Consideration of the welfare of the weaner pig requires knowledge of the needs of the animal and determining how these needs may be accommodated in commercial housing. Piglets raised in extensive conditions spend much of their day engaged in exploratory behaviours, including rooting, nosing, shaking and chewing objects. Research indicates that exploratory activity is important for the animal's well-being. Flatdeck accommodation with slatted flooring is coming under increasing critisism on welfare grounds in that it offers little outlet for such behaviours. As a consequence, piglets tend to redirect these behaviours towards penmates which is undesirable. Supplementing the pen with objects which enable normal exploratory behaviours may create an environment more suited to the needs of the piglet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental enrichment on the behaviour, welfare and performance of early-weaned piglets.
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Heath, Sarah. "Understanding feline emotions: … and their role in problem behaviours." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 5 (April 30, 2018): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18771205.
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Practical relevance: Despite its importance, emotional health is a subject that is sadly neglected in the context of companion animals. Understanding emotions is at the heart of veterinary behavioural medicine and is key to preventing, managing and treating reported behavioural problems in domestic cats. Clinical challenges: On a daily basis, veterinary practices are presented with the physical health impact of emotional health and with emotionally motivated behaviours that are undesirable to owners and/or detrimental to the cat. Emotional health is of equal importance to physical health and lies at the very core of veterinary medicine. Clinically, the emotional motivation for a behaviour must be identified before an assessment is made of whether the motivation is contextually appropriate and whether the cat’s response is justified and normal, or abnormal in the circumstances. Evidence base: The majority of referenced evidence for our understanding of emotional motivations in mammals has come from the human field, but recently there has been increasing interest in the emotional health of non-human animals and a resulting growth in research. This review draws on the published literature and the author’s personal experience to explore how emotions can influence feline behaviours. Global importance: Understanding the importance of emotional health is a major factor in ensuring positive welfare for cats, wherever they are kept as companion animals. It impacts on their physical health and their quality of life, and also on the relationship between cat and owner.
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M., Dada E., and Okunade H. F. "Classroom Undesirable Behaviours and Strategies Used for Controlling Them among Primary School Teachers." Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 3, no. 9 (May 2014): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0018328.
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de Oliveira, G. F., F. R. Caldara, A. V. Marcon, R. A. Martins, C. Crone, R. G. Garcia, I. C. L. A. Paz, V. M. O. S. Nieto, A. M. Odakura, and J. M. Braz. "Environmental enrichment strategies for nursery piglets and efficacy for maintaining interest." Animal Production Science 60, no. 17 (2020): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19351.
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Context Animals in situations of stress and constant fear exhibit unwanted behaviours for production. Pigs that are afraid of humans tend to associate any management as stressful. The use of environment enrichment for pigs may help to alleviate anxiety and fear, and hence reduce unwanted behaviours during handling. However, provision of appropriate enrichment presents challenges such as the rapid loss of interest in objects by animals. Aims The present study evaluated the effects of different environmental enrichment strategies on the behaviour of pigs at the nursery stage, maintenance of animal interest in the enrichment objects, and their reflexes when faced with emotionally negative situations. Methods Piglets (n = 425) were assigned in a completely randomised design with five treatments and five replicates per treatment (17 animal per replicate). The treatments employed were: control, no enriching objects in the environment; WB, wooden box with popcorn and wood shavings; PT, objects made of plastic tubing; WB and PT concurrently; and WB or PT on alternate days. Behavioural observations were made over 10 days for 8 h each day, divided into four periods of 2 h. Piglets from enriched (n = 10) and non-enriched (n = 10) environments were subjected to three fear tests (human approach, novel object and novel arena). Key results No significant (P > 0.05) effect was found for the type of enrichment provided or strategy adopted (concurrent vs alternating) on the time piglets interacted with the enrichment objects. Animals kept in an environment with no stimulus had higher frequency (P < 0.05) of undesirable behaviours than those with enrichment, regardless of enrichment type or strategy adopted. Piglets reared without enrichment, when isolated in a new environment, had higher frequency of behaviours such as defecating, urinating and attempting escape, as well as more and longer vocalisation events (P < 0.05). Piglets reared in an enriched environment had higher frequency and duration of interaction with a new object, as well as shorter latency time for the first contact with the object (P < 0.05). Conclusions The use of enrichment objects in the rearing environment of piglets at the nursery stage reduced undesirable behaviours, suggesting reduced fear and anxiety, and may therefore improve their psychological wellbeing. Implications Use of enrichment objects during rearing may have implications for alleviation of chronic stress, which leads to constant release of cortisol, an immune suppressor hormone that reduces the health status of the batch and hence production indices.
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Bodroza, Bojana, and Snezana Mirkov. "General causality orientations and defensive attributions of failure on academic exam." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 43, no. 2 (2011): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi1102223b.
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Defensive behaviour after failure, such as denial of the responsibility for own achievement, reduces person?s openness for further learning and development and, thus, is undesirable in pedagogical practice. General causality orientations success-fully predict defensive behaviours after failure. Autonomous causality orientation implies behaviours motivated by personal growth and development, while controlling orientation purports ego-involved behaviours aimed at proving one's own self-worth. The research was conducted with the aim of testing two hypotheses (additive and synergistic) about the influence of general causality orientations and their combinations on defensive attribution of failure on the exam. After their faculty exam, N=158 psychology students answered questions about the expected grade and they filled out two questionnaires: Attribution of Success on the Test and General Causality Orientation Scale. The results showed that internal attribution of success is related to greater expected grade and higher autonomous causality orientation. External attribution was characteristic for individuals with high controlling causal orientation. It was confirmed that general causality orientations can predict the way a person perceives academic success. Thus, we give recommendations on how to support and encourage autonomous and discourage controlling behaviours of students.
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Yu, Yan, Bethany Wilson, Sophie Masters, Diane van Rooy, and Paul D. McGreevy. "Mortality Resulting from Undesirable Behaviours in Dogs Aged Three Years and under Attending Primary-Care Veterinary Practices in Australia." Animals 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2021): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11020493.
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There is increasing evidence that undesirable behaviours (UBs) in dogs can compromise the welfare of both canine companions and their carers. Veterinarians are regularly consulted about affected animals and may be asked to euthanase the more severely affected individuals. A recent study of veterinary records showed that UBs were the predominant cause of mortality in young dogs in the UK. This companion study from Australia reports the proportion of mortality due to UBs among dogs aged three years and under that attended veterinary practices from 2013 to 2018. Deidentified patient records were extracted from the VetCompass Australia database and manually assessed to reveal the prevalence and type of UBs reported. The results reveal that 29.7% of the 4341 dogs that died at three years of age or under had deaths ascribed to at least one UB, and that the most commonly reported UB was aggression. Neutered dogs had 2.5× the odds of death due to an UB compared to intact dogs, and crossbred dogs were found to have 1.43× the odds of a UB related death compared to purebred dogs. The breeds at highest risk were Australian cattle dogs (odds ratio (OR) 4.77) and American Staffordshire terriers (OR 4.69). The attending veterinarian referred behaviour cases to a behaviourist or dog trainer in 11.0% of all UB cases, and attempted pharmacological therapy in 5.9% of cases. The results reveal how often UBs affect dogs and their owners in Australia, and infer the beneficial impact that educating dog owners and veterinary professionals in modifying and managing UBs may have.
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Jennings, Terri E., Barbara A. Lucenko, Robert M. Malow, and Jessy G. Dévieux. "Audio-CASI vs interview method of administration of an HIV/STD risk of exposure screening instrument for teenagers." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 781–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646202320753754.
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Previous research conducted to examine the implications of using audio-computerized (A-CASI) procedures to gather sensitive sexual behaviour data has provided mixed results. The purpose of this study was to assess differences in the disclosure of HIV risk behaviours between subjects interviewed face to face and subjects interviewed using A-CASI procedures. An HIV/STD risk of exposure screening instrument was administered to 265 male and female adolescents in the juvenile justice system. T-test analyses revealed that adolescents assessed using A-CASI procedures endorsed fewer items on the HIV/STD screen than those interviewed by an assessor. In addition, those in the A-CASI group endorsed fewer items with explicit sexual or drug content and fewer subtle items. Results of this study suggest that A-CASI may not be suitable for use among adolescents in the juvenile justice system when assessing undesirable and/or illegal behaviours.
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Galbiati, Andrea, Fabrizio Rinaldi, Enrico Giora, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Sara Marelli. "Behavioural and Cognitive-Behavioural Treatments of Parasomnias." Behavioural Neurology 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/786928.
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Parasomnias are unpleasant or undesirable behaviours or experiences that occur predominantly during or within close proximity to sleep. Pharmacological treatments of parasomnias are available, but their efficacy is established only for few disorders. Furthermore, most of these disorders tend spontaneously to remit with development. Nonpharmacological treatments therefore represent valid therapeutic choices. This paper reviews behavioural and cognitive-behavioural managements employed for parasomnias. Referring to the ICSD-3 nosology we consider, respectively, NREM parasomnias, REM parasomnias, and other parasomnias. Although the efficacy of some of these treatments is proved, in other cases their clinical evidence cannot be provided because of the small size of the samples. Due to the rarity of some parasomnias, further multicentric researches are needed in order to offer a more complete account of behavioural and cognitive-behavioural treatments efficacy.
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Trifan, Irina-Mihaela, and Olga Chiș. "Curriculum Design for Building and Developing the Social-Emotional Skills of Preschoolers." Educatia 21, no. 19 (December 19, 2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/ed21.2020.19.07.
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"The present study investigates the theoretical, methodical and practical aspects which emphasize the importance of the formation and development of social and emotional skills during early years, which have a major impact over children’s long-term growth, while also assuring their adjustment in society, the cut down of unwanted behaviours and provides social and emotional well-being for the preschooler. The steps dedicated for the pedagogical experiment have had the purpose of verifying the efficacy of the application of the project - The Development of Social and Emotional Skills Curriculum (DeCo - SE)- and was targeted towards building and growing said skills for the last year preschoolers. The results of the research revealed that the efficiency of applying a curriculum based on building and developing the social and emotional skills of preschoolers. We conclude that the study gave promising results on the prevention and reduction of undesirable behaviors, the identification of emotions, tolerance to frustration, relaxation through deep breathing techniques, methods of controlling anger and destructive behaviors among preschoolers. The comparative results presented in this study reinforce the findings of other international studies (Merrell et al., 2008), according to which the implementation of The Development of Social and Emotional Skills Curriculum (DeCo - SE) contributes to reducing undesirable behaviors, children being modeled in a positive way, having a positive social attitude, managing to easily adjust their emotions."
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Carroll, S. L., B. W. Sykes, and P. C. Mills. "An online survey investigating perceived prevalence and treatment options for stereotypic behaviours in horses and undesirable behaviours associated with handling and riding." Equine Veterinary Education 32, S11 (March 4, 2020): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eve.13250.
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Early, Jonathan, Jessica Aalders, Elizabeth Arnott, Claire Wade, and Paul McGreevy. "Sequential Analysis of Livestock Herding Dog and Sheep Interactions." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 22, 2020): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020352.
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Livestock herding dogs are crucial contributors to Australian agriculture. However, there is a dearth of empirical studies of the behavioural interactions between dog and livestock during herding. A statistical approach that may reveal cause and effect in such interactions is lag sequential analysis. Using 48 video recordings of livestock herding dogs and sheep in a yard trial competition, event-based (time between behaviours is irrelevant) and time-based (time between behaviours is defined) lag sequential analyses identified several significant behavioural interactions (adjusted residuals greater than 2.58; the maximum likelihood-ratio chi-squared statistic for all eight contingency tables identified all sequences as highly significant (p < 0.001)). These sequences were: The dog ceasing all movement followed by the sheep also ceasing movement; the dog chasing the sheep and a group of sheep escaping the main flock; a single sheep escaping the flock and the dog chasing; sheep initiating movement followed by the dog following; foot-stamping followed by the dog ceasing all movement; and, foot-stamping by the sheep and the dog lip-licking in response. Log linear regression identified significant relationships among undesirable behaviours in sheep and both observed trial duration (p = 0.001) and trial score (p = 0.009). No differences in the herding styles of dogs were identified between sex of dog and frequency of sheep escape behaviours (p = 0.355) nor the sex of dog and competition level (p = 0.116). The identification of trial score as a predictor of efficient performance confirms the benefits of incorporating extant objective measures to assess livestock herding dogs.
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Hofstee, Willem K. B. "The relation between category breadth and social desirability: A contest between two explanations." European Journal of Personality 9, no. 1 (March 1995): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410090106.
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Hampson, Goldberg and John (1987) reported a positive correlation between category breadth and social desirability of trait descriptive adjectives. Two possible explanations for this finding are as follows, (a) Undesirable traits represent denials of desirable traits, and are thus more difficult to process cognitively; therefore, fewer instances of negative traits can be imagined, (b) Undesirable behaviours are less frequent; therefore, fewer instances spring to mind. With respect to root/negation pairs of traits in which the negation is socially desirable (e.g. Unenvious/Envious), Hypothesis (a) predicts a lower category breadth for the negation, whereas Hypothesis (b) predicts the reverse. Using the relevant trait pairs in Table 1 from Hampson et al. (1987), Hypothesis (b) appeared to be victorious in 10 of the 12 cases (p < 0.05).
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Erland, Lauren A. E., Praveen K. Saxena, and Susan J. Murch. "Melatonin in plant signalling and behaviour." Functional Plant Biology 45, no. 2 (2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16384.
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Melatonin is an indoleamine neurotransmitter that has recently become well established as an important multi-functional signalling molecule in plants. These signals have been found to induce several important physiological responses that may be interpreted as behaviours. The diverse processes in which melatonin has been implicated in plants have expanded far beyond the traditional roles for which it has been implicated in mammals, which include sleep, tropisms and reproduction. These functions, however, appear to also be important melatonin mediated processes in plants, though the mechanisms underlying these functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Mediation or redirection of plant physiological processes induced by melatonin can be summarised as a series of behaviours including, among others: herbivore defence, avoidance of undesirable circumstances or attraction to opportune conditions, problem solving and response to environmental stimulus. As the mechanisms of melatonin action are elucidated, its involvement in plant growth, development and behaviour is likely to expand beyond the aspects discussed in this review and hold promise for applications in diverse fundamental and applied plant sciences including conservation, cryopreservation, morphogenesis, industrial agriculture and natural health products.
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Janisse, Kevyn, Pauline M. Capelle, John W. Heath, Mitchel G. Dender, Daniel D. Heath, and Christina A. D. Semeniuk. "Life in captivity: varied behavioural responses to novel setting and food types in first-generation hybrids of farmed and wild juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 11 (November 2019): 1962–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0311.
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Aquaculture practices continuously seek to improve efficiency to produce larger fish at lower cost. Selective breeding within brood stocks can result in undesirable effects, promoting hatcheries to use outbreeding to increase or maintain genetic diversity. This practice however, could result in the introduction of wild behavioural phenotypes unable to adapt to captive-living conditions. Using four hatchery first-generation hybrid crosses and two fully domesticated stocks of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in British Columbia, we examined behavioural responses to common aquaculture practices such as abrupt environmental change and novel feed types in juvenile fish. Controlling for mass, we found crosses varied in their behaviours to a novel setting and preferences for natural versus commercial diets. These differences were furthermore associated with rearing environment and stock-level growth rate and body size. Our results suggest selecting for phenotypes that behaviourally exhibit better coping mechanisms and greater flexibility in response to change is possible, and when in combination with growth metrics, should be an integral part of producing the desired farmed fish. Behaviours that allow commercial anadromous fish to easily transition to captive environmental conditions can benefit production and also animal welfare.
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Borg, Mark G., and Joseph M. Falzon. "A factor analytic study of teachers' perception of pupils' undesirable behaviours: a rejoinder to Langfeldt (1992)." British Journal of Educational Psychology 63, no. 3 (November 1993): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1993.tb01075.x.
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Nakata, Keiichi, and Stuart Moran. "A Semiotic Analysis of a Model for Understanding User Behaviours in Ubiquitously Monitored Environments." International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 2, no. 3 (July 2011): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jissc.2011070103.
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Improvements in electronics and computing have increased the potential of monitoring and surveillance technologies. Although now widely used, these technologies have been known to cause unintended effects, such as increases in stress in those being observed. Further advancements in technology lead people towards the ‘pervasive era’ of computing, where a new means of monitoring ubiquitously becomes possible. This monitoring differs from existing methods in its distinct lack of physical boundaries. To address the effects of this kind of monitoring, this paper proposes a model consisting of a series of factors identified in the monitoring and pervasive literature believed to influence behaviour. The model aims to understand and predict behaviour, thereby preventing any potential undesirable effects, but also to provide a means to analyse the problem. Various socio-technical frameworks have been proposed to guide research within ubiquitous computing; this paper uses the semiotic framework to analyse the model in order to better understand and explain the behavioural impact of ubiquitous monitoring.
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Azeredo, Catarina Machado, Leandro Fornias Machado de Rezende, Daniela Silva Canella, Rafael Moreira Claro, Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro, Olinda do Carmo Luiz, and Renata Bertazzi Levy. "Dietary intake of Brazilian adolescents." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 7 (August 4, 2014): 1215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014001463.
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AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the dietary intake of Brazilian adolescents and investigate its association with sociodemographic factors as well as health-risk and health-protective behaviours.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe study was based on data supplied by the National Survey of Schoolchildren’s Health (2012) on sociodemographic factors, dietary intake and health-risk and health-protective behaviours of schoolchildren in Brazil. A nutritional scale was elaborated combining markers of healthy and unhealthy diets. Poisson regression analysis was applied to investigate the association between the sociodemographic factors and regular intake (≥5 times/week) of selected foods; linear regression analysis was applied to investigate the association of sociodemographic and behavioural factors with nutritional scale score.SubjectsA total of 109 104 adolescents attending the ninth year of education at 2842 schools in Brazil.ResultsFewer than 30 % of the adolescents consumed raw or cooked vegetables on a regular basis, whereas more than one-third reported regular intake of sweets, soft drinks and sweet biscuits. Adolescents from the southern area and the oldest ones were those most exposed to inadequate dietary intake. The nutritional scale average score was higher in the students attending public school and exhibited a positive correlation with protective behaviours, such as being physically active, having meals with parents and eating breakfast, and a negative correlation with risk behaviours such as eating while studying or watching television and having smoked, drunk alcohol or used other drugs in the previous 30 d.ConclusionsThe results indicate an association between undesirable nutritional habits and other risk behaviours among Brazilian adolescents.
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Erchul, William P., and Barbara D. Turner. "Visually Impaired Children II: Intervention Strategies." School Psychology International 8, no. 4 (October 1987): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014303438700800409.
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Using Maslow's (1973) Hierarchy of Basic Human Needs as an organizational scheme, this article offers an overview of interventions which are commonly used with visually impaired children. These strategies include: counselling parents to aid acceptance of their child, providing stimulation and enrichment to enhance psychological development, increasing visual efficiency, aiding orientation and mobility, decreasing undesirable behaviours, increasing social skills, fostering classroom acceptance, facilitating academic learning, and counselling the child to aid self-acceptance.
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UGWUZOR, MIEBI. "HOME-WORK MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR DEVELOPMENT." International Journal of Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss4.1403.
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Persons who work for firms together with their family members make up the society in which corporate entities operate. The traditional African society enjoyed relative peace and tranquility as well as a relatively low crime rate. However, the current apparently perturbing exhibition of undesirable behaviours in the Nigerian society calls for intervention by responsible corporate citizens to look into the social and emotional malaise and retool their internal policies and programmes to counteract any external threat such a menace may pose. This paper is a workplace approach to mitigating contemporary socio-behavioural ills through the management of Home-role and Work- role balance of employees for the socio-behavioural wellbeing of the society. It is an attempt at triggering new capacities in firms towards rethinking their Corporate Social Responsibility stance by embarking on viable workplace grown solutions to societal challenges and for the country to have a renewed hope for socio-cultural regeneration.
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Dubis, Malgorzata, and Jolanta Karbowniczek. "Youth in View of the Issue of School Violence." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 8 (March 31, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n8p70.
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Violence and aggression has become common phenomena in modern world, they include almost all fields of social life. The reflection of problems the society copes with, is visible in the way of perceiving the educational values by pupils and their behaviour at school. The nature of the educational process organised by school is mainly the interactions among teachers and pupils and pupils themselves. They are not always the best. The anxiety among guidance counsellors and psychologists raises the fact that the cooperation rule and mutual help are replaced by the rule of dominance, extortion and force. The cases of ignoring the teacher's orders are more and more common, lack of respect towards the teaching staff, humiliating adults and vandalism. Pupils battle against teachers and peers too. The school hall is a kind of arena of undesirable behaviours. Therefore, the school as an institution in which children and young people spend 1/3 of their time during the day, should not only deal with teaching but take an active part in the implementation of activities in the field of broadly understood prevention and upbringing. Therefore there are challenges in front of the school aiming at stopping, limiting or even eliminating negative behaviours from children's and teenagers' lives.
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Ignat, Bianca, and Stanislav Chankov. "Do e-commerce customers change their preferred last-mile delivery based on its sustainability impact?" International Journal of Logistics Management 31, no. 3 (August 10, 2020): 521–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-11-2019-0305.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore if e-commerce customers change their preferred last-mile delivery, when they are provided with additional information on the environmental and social sustainability impact of the available last-mile delivery options.Design/methodology/approachWe conduct a stated-preference survey and apply McNemar test on the collected data.FindingsThe results show that displaying the environmental and social impacts of last-mile deliveries influences E-commerce customers, and generally makes them more likely to choose a more sustainable last-mile delivery.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitations are (1) the possible inconsistency between participants' intentions stated in the survey and their actual behaviour in real life and (2) the possibility of participants denying socially undesirable behaviours. Further research can study e-commerce customers' real behaviour.Practical implicationsE-retailers and logistics companies could implement transparent information sharing on the delivery sustainability impact on all three sustainability pillars.Social implicationsThe suggested transparent information sharing has the potential to change customers' behaviours towards more sustainable deliveries.Originality/valueWe provide a new approach in investigating customers' preferences on last-mile deliveries, by giving E-customers the chance of making choices between different deliveries, not only based on the economic factors (as in common practice nowadays) but also based on the environmental and social factors.
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Çimen Çoşğun, Ümit, and Mediha Sarı. "An investigation of the effects of rejected students’ classroom behaviours on the classroom atmosphere and teachers’ approach to these studentsReddedilen öğrencilerin sınıftaki davranışlarının, sınıf atmosferine etkilerinin ve bu öğrencilere yönelik öğretmen yaklaşımlarının incelenmesi." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 3 (October 27, 2016): 4292. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v13i3.3927.
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While people like social acceptance, they do not like social rejection. Unlike grownups, social rejection can be quite challenging for children in terms of social and psychological aspects and may cause problems such as loneliness, academic failure, and behaviour disorders. Studies show that students rejected by their friends can demonstrate undesirable classroom behaviours more frequently. While some of these behaviours such as speaking between the activities, not attending the courses for some time, or being careless can be seen in the non-problematic behaviours category because they do not prevent learning or teaching, behaviours such as walking around, making noise, disturbing friends, and insulting friends are seen as moderate level undesirable behaviours and can affect learning-teaching atmosphere in a negative way. Therefore, in situations like these, teachers’ approach to socially rejected students is of great importance.The purpose of this study is to investigate general classroom behaviours of students who experience social rejection, the effects of these undesirable behaviours on the classroom atmosphere, and the methods teachers use for these students. This qualitative study was conducted in two schools located in the city of Hatay, in the 2014-2015 education year. The data were collected via interviews from 13 teachers (five male and eight female) and observations on four (two female, two male) students. The data collected from semi-structured interviews were analysed using content analysis techniques.Analysis of the data obtained from the teachers’ interviews demonstrated two themes regarding the socially rejected students’ classroom behaviours: “participation in the lesson” and “psycho-social environment”. Findings show that frequently demonstrated behaviours of the students who experience social rejection included trying to answer questions they do not know, walking around aimlessly, not doing homework, asking questions unrelated to the lesson, and making other people do homework for them, taking no responsibilities, trying to attract attention, teasing friends, being silent, using physical violence, violating the rules, sitting alone, sitting next to other students without permission, and scribbling on others’ homework. As for the teachers’ approach to these students, they used such techniques as ignoring, warning, giving responsibilities, rewarding/acknowledging, meeting one to one, talking with the parents more frequently than the techniques such as giving a break, tranquilizing, providing psychological counselling or directing to RAM. Findings show that teachers should be trained about the approaches and intervention methods for students who experience social rejection, and the schools should organize intervention programs for the students who are socially rejected. Özetİnsanlar, sosyal kabulden hoşlanırken, sosyal reddedilmeyi sevmezler. Reddedilme yaşayan çocuklar için bu durum, günlük yaşamlarında olduğu kadar okul yaşamlarında da bir takım sorunlara yol açabilmektedir. Araştırmalar, arkadaşları tarafından reddedilen öğrencilerin sınıf içi istenmeyen davranışları daha çok sergileyebildiklerini göstermektedir. Sınıftaki öğrenme-öğretme sürecinin aksamaması bakımından öğretmenlerin sosyal reddedilme yaşayan öğrencilere yaklaşımları ve bu öğrencilerin gösterdikleri problem davranışlarla başa çıkma stratejileri oldukça önemlidir. Bu öğrencilere yönelik uygun müdahale yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesi için de öncelikle bu öğrencilerin tipik davranış biçimlerinin anlaşılması gerekmektedir.Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal reddedilme yaşayan öğrencilerin sınıftaki genel davranışlarının, sınıf için istenmeyen davranışlarının, sınıf içi öğrenme-öğretme atmosferine etkilerinin ve öğretmenlerin bu öğrencilere yönelik kullandıkları yöntemlerin incelenmesidir. Nitel bir çalışma olan bu araştırma 2014- 2015 Öğretim yılında, Hatay ilinde bulunan bir ilkokul ve ortaokulda yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu görüşme yapmak üzere belirlenen 13 öğretmen ve gözlem yapmak üzere belirlenen 4 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme ve gözlem formları kullanılarak toplanan veriler, içerik analizleri ile çözümlenmiştir.Bulgulara göre sosyal reddedilme yaşayan öğrencilerin derse katılımlarıyla ilgili sık görülen davranışları yanıtını bilmediği soruları yanıtlamaya çalışma, amaçsız dolaşma, ders dışı ilgisiz konuşma, ödev yapmama, dersle ilgisiz sorular sorma, ders dışı yanıtlar verme, ödevleri başkasına yaptırma şeklinde iken; sınıftaki psiko-sosyal çevreyle ilgili sık sergiledikleri davranışlar ise sorumluluk almama, dikkat çekmeye çalışma, arkadaşlarına sataşma, kendini öne çıkarmaya çalışma, sessiz olma, fiziksel şiddet, kurallara uymama, düşük ses tonu ile konuşma, çekingen olma, yalnız oturma, izinsiz başkalarının yanına oturma, bireysel çalışmak isteme ve başkasının ödevini karalamadır. Bu öğrencilerin öğrenme çevresini olumsuz etkileyen davranışları sınıfın dikkatini dağıtma, dersin akışını ve öğrenme ortamını engelleme, diğer öğrencilere olumsuz örnek olma, diğer öğrencilerin dinlemesine engel olma, sınıfın huzurunu bozma, öğretmen ve diğer öğrenciler arasında gerginliğe neden olmadır. Öğretmenlerin bu öğrencilere yönelik görmezden gelme, uyarma, sorumluluk verme, ödüllendirme/takdir etme, bireysel görüşme, veliyle görüşme gibi yöntemleri daha ağırlıklı olarak kullandıkları, fakat mola verme, sakinleştirme, psikolojik danışmana ve RAM’a yönlendirme yapmayı daha az kullandıkları belirlenmiştir.Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Sosyal reddedilme yaşayan öğrencilere yaklaşım ve müdahale yöntemleri konusunda öğretmenlere eğitim verilmesi gereklidir. Okullarda sosyal reddedilme yaşayan öğrencilere yönelik önleme ve müdahale programları düzenlenmelidir.
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Riddell, Pia, Monique C. J. Paris, Carolynne J. Joonè, Patrick Pageat, and Damien B. B. P. Paris. "Appeasing Pheromones for the Management of Stress and Aggression during Conservation of Wild Canids: Could the Solution Be Right under Our Nose?" Animals 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061574.
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Thirty-six species of canid exist globally, two are classified as critically endangered, three as endangered, and five as near threatened. Human expansion and the coinciding habitat fragmentation necessitate conservation interventions to mitigate concurrent population deterioration. The current conservation management of wild canids includes animal translocation and artificial pack formation. These actions often cause chronic stress, leading to increased aggression and the suppression of the immune and reproductive systems. Castration and pharmaceutical treatments are currently used to reduce stress and aggression in domestic and captive canids. The undesirable side effects make such treatments inadvisable during conservation management of wild canids. Pheromones are naturally occurring chemical messages that modulate behaviour between conspecifics; as such, they offer a natural alternative for behaviour modification. Animals are able to distinguish between pheromones of closely related species through small compositional differences but are more likely to have greater responses to pheromones from individuals of the same species. Appeasing pheromones have been found to reduce stress- and aggression-related behaviours in domestic species, including dogs. Preliminary evidence suggests that dog appeasing pheromones (DAP) may be effective in wild canids. However, the identification and testing of species-specific derivatives could produce more pronounced and beneficial behavioural and physiological changes in target species. In turn, this could provide a valuable tool to improve the conservation management of many endangered wild canids.
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Borg, Mark G., and Joseph M. Falzon. "TEACHERS' PERCEPTION OF PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN'S UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOURS: THE EFFECTS OF TEACHING EXPERIENCE, PUPIL'S AGE, SEX AND ABILITY STREAM." British Journal of Educational Psychology 60, no. 2 (June 1990): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8279.1990.tb00939.x.
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Boyd, C., S. Jarvis, Pd McGreevy, S. Heath, Db Church, Dc Brodbelt, and Dg O’Neill. "Mortality resulting from undesirable behaviours in dogs aged under three years attending primary-care veterinary practices in England." Animal Welfare 27, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.27.3.251.
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Fenner, Kate, Sarah Matlock, Jane Williams, Bethany Wilson, Andrew McLean, James Serpell, and Paul McGreevy. "Validation of the Equine Behaviour Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ): A New Survey Instrument for Exploring and Monitoring the Domestic Equine Triad." Animals 10, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111982.
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The Equine Behaviour Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ) was developed to obtain quantitative data on the domestic equine triad: training, management and behaviour. It can be taken repeatedly, thus collecting longitudinal data to enable evaluation of how changes in a horse’s training and management are reflected in that horse’s behaviour over time and how these changes can impact horse welfare in the longer term. Questionnaire validation and reliability were tested by determining (a) whether an owner’s subjective ratings of their horse’s problematic behaviours or undesirable temperament traits were reflected in the questionnaire scores obtained for that horse (construct validity), (b) whether two respondents, equally familiar with a particular horse, reported comparable scores for that horse through the questionnaire (inter-rater reliability), and (c) whether the same respondent, scoring the same horse after a known interval of time, recorded similar responses (intra-rater reliability). Construct validity testing of 1923 responses showed significant alignment between owners’ reported experience of focal horses’ behaviour and those horses’ E-BARQ scores, with scores varying from 1.13 to 1.34 for ridden horse behaviour (all p < 0.001) and from 1.06 to 1.43 for non-ridden horse behaviour (all p < 0.001). Inter-rater reliability testing of ten horse–rider pairs revealed that 203 of the 215 question items were significantly aligned (p < 0.001) when tested by two independent raters. Of the remaining 19 items, four had fair alignment (ĸ = 0.174–0.316; p = 0.281) and ten items, largely related to whether the horse shows behavioural signs related to anxiety when taken away from home, did not align (ĸ = 0; p = 1). Intra-rater reliability tests showed that the responses significantly aligned on all 215 question items tested (p < 0.001). The results of these tests confirmed the construct validity and reliability of E-BARQ as a standardised behavioural assessment tool for horses.
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Adeoye, EA, AO Okeowo, AF Yusuf, and O. Rotimi. "Proposing an Indigenous Nigerian Folktale Therapy as a Counselling Model for Character Training and Behaviour Change among School Children." Journal of Science and Sustainable Development 5, no. 1 (June 12, 2013): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jssd.v5i1.3.
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Using the Yoruba race of Nigeria as fulcrum for the study, this paper examines the universality and didactic significance of archetypes in African folklore. The authors contend that Africa folklore, by virtue of its highly moralizing and didactic elements made possible by an embedded commonality of instructive archetypes, offers a lifeline that counsellors andpsychologists can use in combating the moral decay in the Nigerian society. Based on this premise the paper goes on to present a counselling model for character training and behaviour change through the use of an indigenous Nigerian Folktale Therapy (I.N.F.T). The model is a response to the needed paradigm shift in the counterproductive traditional punitive method of combating undesirable behaviours that seem to have become rampant currently in Nigerian society. This model could indeed serve as springboard for adaptation in other African settings which are very rich infolklores.Keywords · Folktale · Therapy · Counselling psychology
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de Oliveira, G. F., F. R. Caldara, A. V. Marcon, R. A. Martins, C. Crone, R. G. Garcia, I. C. L. A. Paz, V. M. O. S. Nieto, A. M. Odakura, and J. M. Braz. "Corrigendum to: Environmental enrichment strategies for nursery piglets and efficacy for maintaining interest." Animal Production Science 60, no. 17 (2020): 2068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19351_co.
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Context Animals in situations of stress and constant fear exhibit unwanted behaviours for production. Pigs that are afraid of humans tend to associate any management as stressful. The use of environment enrichment for pigs may help to alleviate anxiety and fear, and hence reduce unwanted behaviours during handling. However, provision of appropriate enrichment presents challenges such as the rapid loss of interest in objects by animals. Aims The present study evaluated the effects of different environmental enrichment strategies on the behaviour of pigs at the nursery stage, maintenance of animal interest in the enrichment objects, and their reflexes when faced with emotionally negative situations. Methods Piglets (n = 425) were assigned in a completely randomised design with five treatments and five replicates per treatment (17 animal per replicate). The treatments employed were: control, no enriching objects in the environment; WB, wooden box with popcorn and wood shavings; PT, objects made of plastic tubing; WB and PT concurrently; and WB or PT on alternate days. Behavioural observations were made over 10 days for 8 h each day, divided into four periods of 2 h. Piglets from enriched (n = 10) and non-enriched (n = 10) environments were subjected to three fear tests (human approach, novel object and novel arena). Key results No significant (P > 0.05) effect was found for the type of enrichment provided or strategy adopted (concurrent vs alternating) on the time piglets interacted with the enrichment objects. Animals kept in an environment with no stimulus had higher frequency (P P P Conclusions The use of enrichment objects in the rearing environment of piglets at the nursery stage reduced undesirable behaviours, suggesting reduced fear and anxiety, and may therefore improve their psychological wellbeing. Implications Use of enrichment objects during rearing may have implications for alleviation of chronic stress, which leads to constant release of cortisol, an immune suppressor hormone that reduces the health status of the batch and hence production indices.
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Jiow, Hee Jhee, and Sofia Morales. "Lateral Surveillance in Singapore." Surveillance & Society 13, no. 3/4 (October 26, 2015): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v13i3/4.5320.
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With the high Internet penetration rate, and the dense saturation of audio-visual-capturing mobile smartphones among its citizens, Singapore provides a ripe technological infrastructure for a surveillance society. Its citizens have been serendipitously capturing, on photo or video, socially undesirable and controversial incidents of daily living. Widespread adoption and use of social media have enhanced the viewership of these behaviours captured, and provided a platform for responses of criticisms.Panopticism, in the modern day context, is used as a metaphor to describe the effect of surveillance by authorities that shapes and manipulates social behaviour. Lateral surveillance is an opposite of panopticism, which portrays the impact of surveillance of the few, by the unseen many. This study explored the perception and impact of these activities on citizens’ social behaviours. Respondents were questioned on their awareness of surveillance in different milieu of their daily lives, such as commuting, driving, interactions in public spaces, and checking into, or uploading of photos onto social media, and its impacts on their social behaviours in those public spaces.This study recruited a sample of 223 university students, aged between 19 and 24 years, comprising of both genders, to undergo an online survey. These students were directed to an online survey, which did not capture identifiable information, by the authors who have access to the students at their university.Data collected provided descriptive statistics of the awareness and impact of panopticism, and lateral surveillance, by media-rich and media-savvy young citizens. Comparisons were made between panopticism versus lateral surveillance’s effect on social behavior. This study found that lateral surveillance had a more powerful effect on social behaviours, contributed significantly by the presence and usage of publicity channels such as FaceBook, and other local popular news websites.
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Mai, Dac, Tiffani Howell, Pree Benton, Virginia Lewis, Lynette Evans, and Pauleen C. Bennett. "Facilitators and Barriers to Assistance Dog Puppy Raisers’ Engagement in Recommended Raising Practices." Animals 11, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 1195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051195.
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Many assistance dog providers use volunteer raisers to manage each puppy’s learning and daily experiences, which partly determines the puppy’s behavioural development. Therefore, it is important that raisers engage in recommended practices. Three common recommendations from the literature include frequent socialisation and consistent training for the puppies, and effective training for the raisers. However, what facilitates or hinders raisers’ engagement in these practices remains unclear. To understand this, we interviewed eight raisers (three men and five women) every month during their year-long puppy raising program, and pseudo-randomly selected 16 from 48 interviews for data analysis. Thematic analyses revealed several facilitating and/or hindering factors corresponding to each of the three recommended practices. Frequent socialisation was influenced by the raisers’ availability, sharing of puppy raising responsibility with others, support from their workplace, and the puppy’s behaviours (e.g., soiling indoors, jumping). Consistent training was challenged by the presence of everyday distractors, accessibility to timely advice, perceived judgement from others, and the puppy’s undesirable behaviours. Effective learning was facilitated by having information available in raisers’ preferred learning modality, opportunities for peer-learning, and willingness to seek help. Future research should examine these factors quantitatively, which will enable more robust evaluation of programs aimed at supporting puppy raisers.
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Aamir, Muhammad, Siti Zaleha Abdul Rasid, Shathees Baskaran, Fadillah Binti Ismail, and Faiza Manzoor. "Can Emotional Intelligence Help in Reducing Auditor’s Engagement in Quality Threatening Behaviours?" Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v2i2.338.
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Quality Threatening Behaviours (QTBs) in auditing are associated with reduced audit quality and are under the focus of researchers and practitioners for the last two decades following the major corporate failures around the globe. QTBs are a constant threat for audit profession and lawmakers, regulatory bodies, practitioners and researchers are striving to reduce auditors’ engagement in these undesirable behaviours. Existing literature advocates that emotional intelligence (EI) meaningfully affects workplace behaviours. Wong and Law (2002) affirm that emotional intelligence is linked to job performance. Emotionally intelligent individuals respond to negative issues related to work in a better way (Greenidge, Devonish, & Alleyne, 2014). On the other hand, individuals who score low on emotional intelligence face problems in regulating emotions instigated by negative work practices reacting in a manner that can be detrimental for the organization and its members (Quebbeman and Rozell, 2002). Emotional intelligence is equally important for individuals in the accounting profession (Daff, de Lange, & Jackling, 2012). Akers and Porter (2003) proclaim that “EI skills are critical for the success of the accounting profession†(p. 65). Auditing is a frantic occupation that causes pressure on auditors (Fisher, 2001) that fetch damaging outcomes. Negative behaviours of auditors are caused by different pressures and lessen the quality of audit, emotional intelligence ability can help auditors in avoiding indulgence in these behaviours (Yang, Brink, & Wier, 2018). Grounding on the role of emotional intelligence at work across different contexts and its ability to negatively affect harmful workplace behaviours, it can be inferred that emotional intelligence can reduce auditors engagement in quality threatening audit behaviours.
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Habimana, E., and L. Massé. "Envy manifestations and personality disorders." European Psychiatry 15, S1 (June 2000): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00501-0.
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SummaryPersonality disorders are frequently associated with socially unacceptable behaviours that might not be always considered deviant. On the other hand, envy has been linked with various forms of maladjustment such as interpersonal conflicts, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, aggressiveness, and even criminal behaviour such as vandalism and even murder. According to the DSM-IV, none of the personality disorders, except the narcissistic personality, is formally associated with envy. Nevertheless, this ‘deadly sin’ is so omnipresent in human relationships that it cannot be restricted only to the narcissistic personalities. Most scholars recognise that people would deny that they envy someone else since envy is socially considered as highly undesirable; verbal reports are expected to be biased. To circumvent this difficulty, a projective questionnaire is proposed. We constructed two questionnaires: a direct version (DV) and an indirect version (IV). The sample consisted of 786 students from high school and university. Results suggest that the indirect version provides a more accurate assessment of envy.
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Hamill, Heather, Elizabeth David-Barrett, Joseph Rogathe Mwanga, Gerry Mshana, and Kate Hampshire. "Monitoring, reporting and regulating medicine quality: tensions between theory and practice in Tanzania." BMJ Global Health 6, Suppl 3 (May 2021): e003043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003043.
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In 2012, the WHO launched its Global Surveillance and Monitoring System (GSMS) for substandard and falsified medicines, with the aim of improving the quality of reporting and using the data to inform post-market surveillance and build regulatory capacity. However, from a regulatory governance perspective, its effectiveness depends on the willingness and ability of actors ‘on the ground’ to identify, report and investigate possible infringements and to enforce penalties. This paper presents findings from 27 interviews with representatives of agencies charged with regulating pharmaceutical markets and 4 interviews with pharmaceutical industry representatives in Tanzania. Their experiences provide important insights into how the theorised mechanism between reporting and a reduction in undesirable behaviours can play out in a low-income context, revealing hidden assumptions about regulator behaviour and motivations. A combination of chronic under-resourcing, information gaps and enforcement challenges conspires to limit the efforts of local regulators to achieve the GSMS goals, shedding new light on the relationship between apparent ‘misconduct’ and structural constraints.
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Cao, Yi, Jian Gao, Defu Lian, Zhihai Rong, Jiatu Shi, Qing Wang, Yifan Wu, Huaxiu Yao, and Tao Zhou. "Orderliness predicts academic performance: behavioural analysis on campus lifestyle." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 146 (September 2018): 20180210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0210.
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Quantitative understanding of relationships between students' behavioural patterns and academic performances is a significant step towards personalized education. In contrast to previous studies that were mainly based on questionnaire surveys, recent literature suggests that unobtrusive digital data bring us unprecedented opportunities to study students' lifestyles in the campus. In this paper, we collect behavioural records from undergraduate students' ( N = 18 960) smart cards and propose two high-level behavioural characters, orderliness and diligence. The former is a novel entropy-based metric that measures the regularity of campus daily life, which is estimated here based on temporal records of taking showers and having meals. Empirical analyses on such large-scale unobtrusive behavioural data demonstrate that academic performance (GPA) is significantly correlated with orderliness. Furthermore, we show that orderliness is an important feature to predict academic performance, which improves the prediction accuracy even in the presence of students' diligence. Based on these analyses, education administrators could quantitatively understand the major factors leading to excellent or poor performance, detect undesirable abnormal behaviours in time and thus implement effective interventions to better guide students' campus lives at an early stage when necessary.
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Okigbo, Ebele Chinelo, and Josephine Nwanneka Okoli. "Techniques use by Science, Technology and Mathematics (STM) teachers for controlling undesirable classroom behaviours in Anambra State secondary schools." Educational Research and Reviews 11, no. 11 (June 10, 2016): 1025–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/err2015.2476.
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Massavon, William, Calistus Wilunda, Maria Nannini, Caroline Agaro, Simon Amandi, John Bosco Orech, Emanuela De Vivo, Peter Lochoro, and Giovanni Putoto. "Community perceptions on demand-side incentives to promote institutional delivery in Oyam district, Uganda: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e026851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026851.
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ObjectiveTo examine the perceptions of community members and other stakeholders on the use of baby kits and transport vouchers to improve the utilisation of childbirth services.DesignA qualitative study.SettingOyam district, Uganda.ParticipantsWe conducted 10 focus group discussions with 59 women and 55 men, and 18 key informant interviews with local leaders, village health team members, health facility staff and district health management team members. We analysed the data using qualitative content analysis.ResultsFive broad themes emerged: (1) context, (2) community support for the interventions, (3) health-seeking behaviours postintervention, (4) undesirable effects of the interventions and (5) implementation issues and lessons learnt. Context regarded perceived long distances to health facilities and high transport costs. Regarding community support for the interventions, the schemes were perceived to be acceptable and helpful particularly to the most vulnerable. Transport vouchers were preferred over baby kits, although both interventions were perceived to be necessary. Health-seeking behaviours entailed perceived increased utilisation of maternal health services and ‘bypassing’, promotion of collaboration between traditional birth attendants and formal health workers, stimulation of men’s involvement in maternal health, and increased community awareness of maternal health. Undesirable effects of the interventions included increased workload for health workers, sustainability concerns and perceived encouragement to reproduce and dependency. Implementation issues included information gaps leading to confusion, mistrust and discontent, transport voucher scheme design; implementation; and payment problems, poor attitude of some health workers and poor quality of care, insecurity, and a shortage of baby kits. Community involvement was key to solving the challenges.ConclusionsThe study provides further insights into the implementation of incentive schemes to improve maternal health services utilisation. The findings are relevant for planning and implementing similar schemes in low-income countries.
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Singh, Riann. "Organisational embeddedness as a moderator on the organisational support, trust and workplace deviance relationships." Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship 8, no. 1 (November 15, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-03-2019-0025.
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Purpose Emerging research calls for the exploration of the potential negative side of organisational embeddedness. It is important to assess such negative aspects to fully understand the power of embeddedness, and how to address the potential undesirable effects on employees and organisations. The purpose of this paper is to answer this call by assessing the extent to which organisational embeddedness can negatively influence the perceived organisational support-workplace deviance and the organisational trust–deviance relationships. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 969 employees across the financial services sector in the Caribbean nation of Trinidad is used, with a two-wave research design. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis is used to test the research relationships. Findings The findings support the propositions that organisational support and trust each negatively predicts workplace deviance and organisational embeddedness moderates each of these relationships in an undesirable way, such that, higher embeddedness weakens the desirable relationships between support, trust and deviance. Originality/value This study addresses a clear gap since limited studies explore the potential negative impact of organisational embeddedness on various work perceptions and behaviours. Embeddedness is largely considered a predictor of various desirable employee and organisational outcomes.
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Carvalho, T. S. G., M. G. Zangeronimo, C. E. P. Saad, R. R. Alvarenga, V. D. L. Assis, V. M. Pereira, J. D. Scalon, and J. P. Silva. "Behaviour of cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) at two temperatures in captivity." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 67, no. 6 (December 2015): 1669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-7892.
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Behavioural studies with cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) in captivity are scarce. Due to the need for appropriate management of these animals, this study was performed to examine the behaviour of cockatiels kept in captivity at two temperatures. Sixteen cockatiels were individually housed in cages (62cm high x 43cm long x 27cm wide) and fed with a commercial ration and seed mixture for psittacids. Water was provided ad libitum. The eight-day experiment was divided into two stages of four days each. In the first stage, the birds were kept at room temperature (25°C) with 70% relative humidity during 24 hours. In the next stage, they were kept at 35°C from 06:00 to 18:00h and 25°C from 18:00 to 06:00h, also at 70% relative humidity. The behaviour of the birds was assessed by the analysis of video recordings taken from 6:00 to 18:00h. Lateral displacement on the perch, walking on the wire net, resting on the abdomen, stopping on the wire net, standing on the drinker or feeder, seed intake, cleaning the wings and shaking the plumage were not influenced (P>0.08) by temperature. Undesirable activities such as gnawing the perch or the wire net also showed no influence of temperature (P>0.15). At 35°C, the birds remained on the cage floor less often (P<0.02) and more often on the perch. Flapping or gnawing the feeder increased as did the consumption of ration (P<0.01). Increase in temperature from 25 to 35°C changed the behaviour of the cockatiels, although these behaviours were not characterised as responses to temperature stress.
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Farmer, Clare. "Upholding whose right? Discretionary police powers to punish, collective ‘pre-victimisation’ and the dilution of individual rights." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 50, no. 4 (July 25, 2016): 493–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865816660351.
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This article uses the example of Victoria’s alcohol-related banning notice provisions to explore the changing conception of balance within criminal justice processes. Despite the formalisation of individual rights within measures such as Victoria’s Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006, the discretionary power of the police to issue on-the-spot punishments in response to actual or potential criminal behaviour has increased steadily. A key driver, evident across the parliamentary debates of the banning legislation, is a presumed need to protect the broader community of potential victims. As a result, the individual rights of those accused (but not necessarily convicted) of undesirable behaviours are increasingly subordinated to the pre-emptive protection of the law-abiding majority. This shift embodies a largely unsubstantiated notion of collective pre-victimisation. Significantly, despite the expectations of Victoria’s Charter, measures such as banning notices have been enacted with insufficient evidence of the underlying collective risk, of their likely effectiveness and without meaningful ongoing scrutiny. The motto of Victoria Police – Uphold the Right – appears to belie a growing uncertainty over whose rights should be upheld and how.
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Coffin, Juli. "“Make Them Stop it”: What Aboriginal Children and Youth in Australia Are Saying About Bullying." First Peoples Child & Family Review 6, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1068898ar.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores and summarizes a three year research program into contextualizing bullying in an Aboriginal cultural environment for youth and children. Bullying is not a new concept; it has been passed down from one generation to the next for many years. Effects of bullying can be long term and often manifest as being the causal pathway to other undesirable behaviours. Among children and youth effects of bullying are seen in many forms, for Aboriginal children and youth these effects are magnified. Aboriginal children and youth are already over represented in truancy, juvenile detention and anti social behaviours, bullying is in the mix and it is preventable. Intra racial bullying and turning inward on one’s own cultural group is surely a cry for help with these complex and intricate relationship issues. This paper concludes by considering some of the implications of these findings for future research and conceptualization and has practical solutions for those who are in the care and position to influence the outcomes for Aboriginal communities.
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Bixler, Gregory D., and Bharat Bhushan. "Biofouling: lessons from nature." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1967 (May 28, 2012): 2381–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0502.
Full textAbstract:
Biofouling is generally undesirable for many applications. An overview of the medical, marine and industrial fields susceptible to fouling is presented. Two types of fouling include biofouling from organism colonization and inorganic fouling from non-living particles. Nature offers many solutions to control fouling through various physical and chemical control mechanisms. Examples include low drag, low adhesion, wettability (water repellency and attraction), microtexture, grooming, sloughing, various miscellaneous behaviours and chemical secretions. A survey of nature's flora and fauna was taken in order to discover new antifouling methods that could be mimicked for engineering applications. Antifouling methods currently employed, ranging from coatings to cleaning techniques, are described. New antifouling methods will presumably incorporate a combination of physical and chemical controls.