Academic literature on the topic 'Understanding the impact of natural hazards caused by climate change'
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Journal articles on the topic "Understanding the impact of natural hazards caused by climate change"
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Bambrick, Hilary. "Resource extractivism, health and climate change in small islands." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 10, no. 2 (March 19, 2018): 272–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-03-2017-0068.
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Purpose The extraction of natural resources has long been part of economic development in small islands. The damage to environment and health is extensive, even rendering once productive islands virtually uninhabitable. Rather than providing long-term benefits to the population or to the environment, the culture of “extractivism” – a nonreciprocal approach where resources are removed and used with little care or regard to consequences – has instead left many in far more fragile circumstances, increasingly dependent on external income. The purpose of this paper is to show how continued extractivism in small islands is contributing to global climate change and increasing climate risks to the local communities. Design/methodology/approach Through a series of case studies, this paper examines the history of extractivism in small islands in Oceania, its contribution to environmental degradation locally and its impacts on health. Findings It examines how extractivism continues today, with local impacts on environment, health and wellbeing and its much more far-reaching consequences for global climate change and human health. At the same time, these island countries have heightened sensitivity to climate change due to their isolation, poverty and already variable climate, whereas the damage to natural resources, the disruption, economic dependence and adverse health impacts caused by extractivism impart reduced resilience to the new climate hazards in those communities. Practical implications This paper proposes alternatives to resource extractivism with options for climate compatible development in small islands that are health-promoting and build community resilience in the face of increasing threats from climate change. Originality/value Extractivism is a new concept that has not previously been applied to understanding health implications of resource exploitation thorough the conduit of climate change. Small-island countries are simultaneously exposed to widespread extractivism, including of materials contributing to global climate change, and are among the most vulnerable to the hazards that climate change brings.
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Agar, Joshua Cunanan. "Evaluating the Increasing Trend of Strength and Severe Wind Hazard of Philippine Typhoons Using the Holland-B Parameter and Regional Cyclonic Wind Field Modeling." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010535.
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For the Philippines, a country exposed to multiple natural hazards, such as severe winds, sustainable development includes resiliency. A severe wind hazard is raised by tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific, known as typhoons, which frequent the Philippines. Therefore, adequately evaluating wind hazards and their impact is crucial for sustainable building design. Acknowledging the effects of climate change on said hazards requires adaptation to their consequences, which necessitates a deeper understanding of the changing behavior of typhoons in recent years. For this study, detailed wind information from the Japanese Meteorological Agency from 1977 to 2021, the Holland-B parameter, and the radius of maximum wind speed for each typhoon, are determined for simulation of the regional cyclonic wind field. The analysis of the Holland-B parameters, which represent the steepness of the pressure gradient and tropical cyclone convection, suggests that the Holland-B parameters have been increasing since 2011. The evaluation of the maximum regional wind fields and the return period wind fields caused by typhoons also indicate an increasing trend in severe wind hazards. Seasonality for the location of severe wind hazards is also observed, with Visayas and Mindanao experiencing an increase (decrease) during the Northeast (Southwest) Monsoon season and Luzon experiencing an increase (decrease) during the Southwest (Northeast) Monsoon season.
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Zhao, Yinjun, Nan Yang, Yongping Wei, Bo Hu, Qizhi Cao, Kai Tong, and Yulian Liang. "Eight Hundred Years of Drought and Flood Disasters and Precipitation Sequence Reconstruction in Wuzhou City, Southwest China." Water 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11020219.
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Natural hazards such as floods and droughts occur frequently in southwestern China and have occurred more frequently in recent years, which has caused and will continue to cause serious damage to ecosystems and human lives and property. A full knowledge of the probability of hydro climatic variables is essential for the prevention and mitigation of natural hazards in return. Based on historical archives, atlases and other documented data, a sequence of graded drought and flood disasters covering the period 1250–2000 in Wuzhou City, southwest China, was reconstructed. Then, a correlation coefficient (−0.79, p < 0.01) was established between the sequence of grades and the measured annual precipitation from 1961 to 2000; using this correlation and the sequence of grades from 1250 to 2000, the annual precipitation record (from 1250 to 2000) was reconstructed and extended. Finally, we compared the reconstructed annual precipitation to the measured values from 1961–2000 to evaluate the efficacy of this method. The results show that the reconstructed precipitation sequence is credible, with a high correlation coefficient (0.84, p < 0.01) and a low relative bias (−1.95%). The reconstructed results indicate that the annual precipitation in Wuzhou City increased continuously during the 13–15th century and the 18–19th century and decreased during the 16–17th century and the 20th century. These results are expected to be useful for the prevention of flood and drought impacts and for understanding climate change.
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Agrawal, Nirupama, Mark Elliott, and Slobodan Simonovic. "Risk and Resilience: A Case of Perception versus Reality in Flood Management." Water 12, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12051254.
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Canada’s vast regions are reacting to climate change in uncertain ways. Understanding of local disaster risks and knowledge of underlying causes for negative impacts of disasters are critical factors to working toward a resilient environment across the social, economic, and the built sectors. Historically, floods have caused more economical and social damage around the world than other types of natural hazards. Since the 1900s, the most frequent hazards in Canada have been floods, wildfire, drought, and extreme cold, in terms of economic damage. The recent flood events in the Canadian provinces of Ontario, New Brunswick, Quebec, Alberta, and Manitoba have raised compelling concerns. These include should communities be educated with useful knowledge on hazard risk and resilience so they would be interested in the discussion on the vital role they can play in building resilience in their communities. Increasing awareness that perceived risk can be very different from the real threat is the motivation behind this study. The main objectives of this study include identifying and quantifying the gap between people’s perception of exposure and susceptibility to the risk and a lack of coping capacity and objective assessment of risk and resilience, as well as estimating an integrated measure of disaster resilience in a community. The proposed method has been applied to floods as an example, using actual data on the geomorphology of the study area, including terrain and low lying regions. It is hoped that the study will encourage a broader debate if a unified strategy for disaster resilience would be feasible and beneficial in Canada.
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Giacona, Florie, Brice Martin, Benjamin Furst, Rüdiger Glaser, Nicolas Eckert, Iso Himmelsbach, and Charlotte Edelblutte. "Improving the understanding of flood risk in the Alsatian region by knowledge capitalization: the ORRION participative observatory." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 8 (August 7, 2019): 1653–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1653-2019.
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Abstract. Despite the strong societal impact of natural hazards, their documentation remains incomplete, with only a few inventories exceeding the past two centuries. Surprisingly enough, this also applies to Europe, a densely populated territory, and to floods, which along with storms are the most common and damage-causing natural hazard in Europe. In addition, existing inventories have often been compiled by scientists and technicians and are used for risk management in a top-down manner, although the participation of all parties concerned has been recognized as a key factor for disaster reduction. To address this double paradox, the present article presents the regional flood risk observatory ORRION for the Alsatian region, north-eastern France, and its very rich data content. Stemming from two successive interdisciplinary and transnational French–German research projects, ORRION was designed as a participative online platform on which information is shared between individuals, stakeholders, engineers, and scientists. This original approach aims at maximizing knowledge capitalization and contributes to building a common knowledge base for flood risk. ORRION is organized by events including all river floods that have likely arisen from a single synoptic situation. For each event, it documents information sources, date of occurrence, causes, and consequences in terms of damage and affected river basins and municipalities. ORRION has contributed toward renewing our knowledge of flood hazard and risk in the target area. Notably, here, long chronicles of floods are derived for 13 rivers, the Rhine and most of its main Alsatian tributaries and for all Alsatian municipalities, most of them since the end of the 15th century but over more than one millennium for the Rhine. Their main characteristics according to various typologies (seasonality, causes, severity, etc.) are analysed. Major developments over the study period related to sources, land use, and/or climate change are identified. The advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed, and the potential to expand both data exploitation and build common flood risk knowledge is outlined.
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Perkis, Andrew, Asim Hameed, and Shafaq Irshad. "QoE column: Solving complex issues through immersive narratives." ACM SIGMultimedia Records 11, no. 1 (March 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3458462.3458465.
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A transdisciplinary dialogue and innovative research, including technical and artistic research as well as digital humanities are necessary to solve complex issues. We need to support and produce creative practices, and engage in a critical reflection about the social and ethical dimensions of our current technology developments. At the core is an understanding that no single discipline, technology, or field can produce knowledge capable of addressing the complexities and crises of the contemporary world. Moreover, we see the arts and humanities as critical tools for understanding this hyper-complex, mediated, and fragmented global reality. As a use case, we will consider the complexity of extreme weather events, natural disasters and failure of climate change mitigation and adaptation, which are the risks with the highest likelihood of occurrence and largest global impact (World Economic Forum, 2017). Through our project, World of Wild Waters (WoWW), we are using immersive narratives and gamification to create a simpler holistic understanding of cause and effect of natural hazards by creating immersive user experiences based on real data, realistic scenarios and simulations. The objective is to increase societal preparedness for a multitude of stakeholders. Quality of Experience (QoE) modeling and assessment of immersive media experiences are at the heart of the expected impact of the narratives, where we would expect active participation, engagement and change, to play a key role [1]. Here, we present our views of immersion and presence in light of Quality of Experience (QoE). We will discuss the technical and creative considerations needed for QoE modeling and assessment of immersive media experiences. Finally, we will provide some reflections on QoE being an important building block in immersive narratives in general, and especially towards considering Extended Realities (XR) as an instantiation of Digital storytelling.
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King, David. "Understanding the Message: Social and Cultural Constraints to Interpreting Weather Generated Natural Hazards." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 22, no. 1 (March 2004): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700402200103.
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Globally there is an increase in the social and economic impacts of all natural hazards, and especially those that are generated by weather systems. Climate change is a part of this process, but it is most likely that long-term climate change will first become evident as an increase in natural disasters, especially flooding and drought. However, a major cause of increasing natural disasters is the growth and relocation of population, concentrating into complex urban settlements that proliferate infrastructure and property in vulnerable floodplains and the coastal fringe. While Australia has experienced a decline in the loss of life from natural hazards, the loss to business, agriculture and the economy in general has increased exponentially. Weather generated natural disasters dominate the total disaster bill. Vulnerability to natural hazards may be reduced through hazard education and effective warnings. The communication of weather information is inevitably a top down process. Understanding of information and in particular, warnings about hazardous events involves a public safety transfer of knowledge from highly specialised scientists through emergency managers, local politicians and the media, to every member of society. Research shows that selection, interpretation and expression of information and warnings occurs at institutional and societal levels. Both the media and the general public select, re-interpret, and weigh up information about weather and hazards, applying a complex set of attitudes, perceptions, experience and misinformation to the initial message. An understanding of how people interpret the message is essential to the accuracy and safety of warnings and forecasts. Examples and case studies from post-disaster and behavioural research carried out by the Centre for Disaster Studies, and hazard events illustrate the issues of understanding the message. 1
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Rutgersson, Anna, Erik Kjellström, Jari Haapala, Martin Stendel, Irina Danilovich, Martin Drews, Kirsti Jylhä, et al. "Natural hazards and extreme events in the Baltic Sea region." Earth System Dynamics 13, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 251–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-13-251-2022.
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Abstract. A natural hazard is a naturally occurring extreme event that has a negative effect on people and society or the environment. Natural hazards may have severe implications for human life and can potentially generate economic losses and damage ecosystems. A better understanding of their major causes, probability of occurrence, and consequences enables society to be better prepared to save human lives as well as to invest in adaptation options. Natural hazards related to climate change are identified as one of the Grand Challenges in the Baltic Sea region. Here, we summarize existing knowledge about extreme events in the Baltic Sea region with a focus on the past 200 years as well as on future climate scenarios. The events considered here are the major hydro-meteorological events in the region and include wind storms, extreme waves, high and low sea levels, ice ridging, heavy precipitation, sea-effect snowfall, river floods, heat waves, ice seasons, and drought. We also address some ecological extremes and the implications of extreme events for society (phytoplankton blooms, forest fires, coastal flooding, offshore infrastructure, and shipping). Significant knowledge gaps are identified, including the response of large-scale atmospheric circulation to climate change and also concerning specific events, for example, the occurrence of marine heat waves and small-scale variability in precipitation. Suggestions for future research include the further development of high-resolution Earth system models and the potential use of methodologies for data analysis (statistical methods and machine learning). With respect to the expected impacts of climate change, changes are expected for sea level, extreme precipitation, heat waves and phytoplankton blooms (increase), and cold spells and severe ice winters (decrease). For some extremes (drying, river flooding, and extreme waves), the change depends on the area and time period studied.
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AghaKouchak, Amir, Felicia Chiang, Laurie S. Huning, Charlotte A. Love, Iman Mallakpour, Omid Mazdiyasni, Hamed Moftakhari, Simon Michael Papalexiou, Elisa Ragno, and Mojtaba Sadegh. "Climate Extremes and Compound Hazards in a Warming World." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 48, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 519–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-071719-055228.
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Climate extremes threaten human health, economic stability, and the well-being of natural and built environments (e.g., 2003 European heat wave). As the world continues to warm, climate hazards are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. The impacts of extreme events will also be more severe due to the increased exposure (growing population and development) and vulnerability (aging infrastructure) of human settlements. Climate models attribute part of the projected increases in the intensity and frequency of natural disasters to anthropogenic emissions and changes in land use and land cover. Here, we review the impacts, historical and projected changes,and theoretical research gaps of key extreme events (heat waves, droughts, wildfires, precipitation, and flooding). We also highlight the need to improve our understanding of the dependence between individual and interrelated climate extremes because anthropogenic-induced warming increases the risk of not only individual climate extremes but also compound (co-occurring) and cascading hazards. ▪ Climate hazards are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in a warming world. ▪ Anthropogenic-induced warming increases the risk of compound and cascading hazards. ▪ We need to improve our understanding of causes and drivers of compound and cascading hazards.
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Chaudhary, Muhammad T., and Awais Piracha. "Natural Disasters—Origins, Impacts, Management." Encyclopedia 1, no. 4 (October 30, 2021): 1101–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1040084.
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Natural hazards are processes that serve as triggers for natural disasters. Natural hazards can be classified into six categories. Geophysical or geological hazards relate to movement in solid earth. Their examples include earthquakes and volcanic activity. Hydrological hazards relate to the movement of water and include floods, landslides, and wave action. Meteorological hazards are storms, extreme temperatures, and fog. Climatological hazards are increasingly related to climate change and include droughts and wildfires. Biological hazards are caused by exposure to living organisms and/or their toxic substances. The COVID-19 virus is an example of a biological hazard. Extraterrestrial hazards are caused by asteroids, meteoroids, and comets as they pass near earth or strike earth. In addition to local damage, they can change earth inter planetary conditions that can affect the Earth’s magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. This entry presents an overview of origins, impacts, and management of natural disasters. It describes processes that have potential to cause natural disasters. It outlines a brief history of impacts of natural hazards on the human built environment and the common techniques adopted for natural disaster preparedness. It also lays out challenges in dealing with disasters caused by natural hazards and points to new directions in warding off the adverse impact of such disasters.
Books on the topic "Understanding the impact of natural hazards caused by climate change"
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Rohling, Eelco J. The Climate Question. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190910877.001.0001.
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In 2015, annual average atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels surpassed a level of 400 parts per million (ppm) for the first time in three million years. This has caused widespread concern among climate scientists, and not least among those that work on natural climate variability in prehistoric times, before humans. These people are known as "past climate" or palaeoclimate researchers, and author Eelco J. Rohling is one of them. The Climate Question offers a background to these concerns in straightforward terms, with examples, and is motivated by Rohling's personal experience in being intensely quizzed about whether modern change is not all just part of a natural cycle, whether nature will not simply resolve the issue for us, or whether it won't be just up to some novel engineering to settle things quickly. This book discusses in straightforward terms why climate changes, how it has changed naturally before the industrial revolution made humans important, and how it has changed since then. It compares the scale and rapidity of variations in pre-industrial times with those since the industrial revolution, infers the extent of humanity's impacts, and looks at what these may lead to in the future. Rohling brings together both data and process understanding of climate change. Finally, the book evaluates what Mother Nature could do to deal with the human impact by itself, and what our options are to lend her a hand.
Book chapters on the topic "Understanding the impact of natural hazards caused by climate change"
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Han, Qinmei, Wei Xu, and Peijun Shi. "Mapping Global Population Exposure to Heatwaves." In Atlas of Global Change Risk of Population and Economic Systems, 95–102. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6691-9_6.
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AbstractGlobal warming has become a severe problem worldwide, where the average global temperature has steadily increased over recent decades, accompanied by the abnormally hot weather (IPCC 2013). Since the 1950s, heatwave events have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration and their impact on human health will also increase under enhanced global warming (Perkins-Kirkpatrick and Lewis 2020). Heatwaves have become one of the most serious climate events in the world. Thousands of people have died from exposing to heatwaves in recent years, for instance, the European heatwave of 2003 induced more than 70,000 additional deaths (Robine et al. 2008). Heat-related mortality and morbidity are not only attributed to natural hazards resulting from climate change (Seneviratne et al. 2012). Both climatic factors and socioeconomic factors such as population change and vulnerability of people exposed to heatwaves have impact on the number of deaths caused by heatwaves. Thus, a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of heatwave exposure is conducive to taking targeted measures to reduce the risk in hotspot regions of the world.
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Andal, Feye, Manjurul Islam, Ataur Rahman Shaheen, and Jennings Anderson. "Understanding YouthMappers’ Contributions to Building Resilient Communities in Asia." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 85–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05182-1_7.
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AbstractThis chapter considers the contributions of YouthMappers chapters in Asia. In addition to a regional overview, we highlight actions of students in Bangladesh and the Philippines to fill critical data gaps that support community access to information during emergencies, natural disasters, and pandemics. Lack of data leads to poor decision-making at any time, but in the context of shocks and hazards, it can have an especially profound impact on local communities. By creating open geospatial data and by advancing the geospatial capacity of university students and local community members, local governing bodies will be able to plan for the well-being of their constituents and community members will have access to the information necessary to keep their families safe. This contributes to better health and well-being (SDG 3) and a more resilient society in the face of impacts of climate change (SDG 13).
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Karthik, Somala, M. S. Sai Reddy, and Gummudala Yashaswini. "Climate Change and Its Potential Impacts on Insect-Plant Interactions." In Global Warming and Climate Change [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98203.
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The most dynamic and global environmental issue to date is climate change. The consequences of greenhouse effect and climate change from rising temperatures, frequent droughts, irregular rainfall, etc. are already evident. Insects and plants are affected by climate change and extreme weather events and the direct impact of anthropogenic climate change has been reported on every continent, in every ocean and in most major taxonomic groups. In the modern period, as a result of natural cycles and anthropogenic activities and their effects on the global climate, plants are typically susceptible to new environmental factors, i.e. higher levels solar radiation, rise in temperatures, greenhouse effect and changes in rainfall patterns over the seasons. Increased temperatures, CO2 and rapid changes in rainfall patterns can dramatically alter the biochemistry of plants and thus plant defence responses. This can have important implications in insect fertility, feeding rates, survival, population size, and dispersal. The relationships between plants and insects are thus changed with significant consequences for food security and natural ecosystems. Similarly, mismatches between plants and insect pollinators are caused by the acceleration of plant phenology by warming. Human nutrition which depends on insect pollination can be affected with reduction in plant reproduction and fitness. Thus, understanding abiotic stress reactions in plants and insects is relevant and challenging in agriculture. In the preparation and implementation of effective strategies for future insect pest management programmes, the impact of climate change on crop production, mediated by changes in the populations of extreme insect pests should be carefully considered.
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Fattal, Laura Rachel. "Catastrophe." In Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 244–62. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1665-1.ch014.
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Natural catastrophes are seen as a catalyst for creativity in interdisciplinary arts-integrated preservice teacher education. Preservice teacher lesson plans and implementation focused on natural catastrophes such as hurricanes, floods, tsunamis, and tornadoes advance an understanding of visual culture, creative production and civic engagement. Teaching visual culture involves border-crossings, from the conceptual to the tactile, and emboldening hands-on production in interdisciplinary art education projects. Professional artists' works are analyzed as responses to environmental and related man-made catastrophes caused by climate change. The impact of the professional artists' imagery and intentions act as exemplars for arts-integrated classroom practices inclusive of civic engagement. Preservice teacher education is enhanced by an intellectual flexibility inherent in interdisciplinary lesson planning and meaning-making projects. Empathetic responses to natural and related man-made catastrophes develop preservice teachers' classroom pedagogies that further global citizenry.
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Yung, Yuk L., and William B. DeMore. "Earth: Human Impact." In Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres. Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195105018.003.0013.
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For eons the global environment of the planet has shaped the biosphere, and has been in turn shaped by the biosphere. According to the Gaia hypothesis, the overall impact of the biosphere on the global environment has been beneficial for the development and sustenance of life. However, this harmonious relationship between the biosphere and the environment has been disturbed with the emergence of one species, Homo sapiens, in the biosphere in the last million years. Our species has the potential to cause major disruptions in the global environment, thus threatening the integrity of the biosphere and its own survival. Some of these adverse effects are already known. The crucial challenge facing the future of humanity is to achieve a fundamental understanding of the global environment and to arrive at a new harmony between ourselves and nature. The adverse impact of humans on the local environment has been known for some time in human history. Urban pollution is an ancient problem. Land degradation and destruction of natural habitats were the probable causes of the earliest recorded migration of the Chinese people during the Shang Dynasty around 1500 B.C. (about the time of Moses) in the valleys of the Yellow River. However, until recently there has been relatively little anthropogenic impact on the global environment. There are at least two major global environmental problems that have been identified to date: the CO2 greenhouse effect and the global ozone depletion. These problems lie at the heart of what makes Earth a habitable planet. As discussed in chapter 9, Earth's atmosphere is responsible for a greenhouse effect of about 30°C, without which the surface of the planet would be too cold to allow water to flow. A doubling of atmospheric CO2 would increase the mean surface temperature of the planet by 2-3 °C. There would also be major shifts in the patterns of precipitation. Although the anticipated climatic changes caused by CO2 are small compared to the variations in climate in the geological history of the planet, the rate of change is unprecedented and could result in major social and economical disruptions. As discussed in chapter 9, life on land became possible only after an ozone shield had developed. As far as we know, no advanced living organism can survive the harsh radiation environment on Earth's surface in the absence of this ultraviolet screen.
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Gupta, Rahul. "Sustainable Green Supply Chain Management Trends, Practices, and Performance." In Handbook of Research on Supply Chain Resiliency, Efficiency, and Visibility in the Post-Pandemic Era, 443–65. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9506-0.ch022.
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Innovative adoption of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices has witnessed a great surge in the last couple of decades. Its positive impact on the individual, society, and environment advocates the organization's commitment to progressively work with all stakeholders. Efforts are accelerated for identifying and understanding the opportunities to support green practices. Global warming and climate change have warned that scarce natural resources are not forever GSCM practices help to mitigate these hazards and ideologically enhance sustainability. Stake holders are committed to reuse, reduce, redesign, and recycle products in support of waste reduction and sustainable environmental protection. The sustainable supply chain is integrating sustainable environmental progressions into processes like selecting suppliers who ensure green manufacturing, buying green raw material, designing, assembling, and distribution with reverse logistics. Current research discusses sustainable green supply chain concepts, present and future trends, and performances.
Conference papers on the topic "Understanding the impact of natural hazards caused by climate change"
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Brown, Alison, Ag Stephens, Ben Rabb, Richenda Connell, and Jon Upton. "Including the Impact of Climate Change in Offshore and Onshore Metocean Design Criteria to Ensure Asset Robustness." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95205.
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Abstract While a significant amount of attention surrounding climate change has focused on mitigation of the causes, there is growing interest and need to adapt to physical climate change impacts which are already being experienced and in anticipation of future changes. Changes in climate have the potential to create hazards in the oil and gas sector although vulnerabilities to these changes are often specific to asset types. Preparedness for climate change can help to reduce damaging effects from acute as well as chronic climate changes. This paper focuses on a simple approach developed to ensure that climate change is included in engineering design, by considering climate change risk and the uncertainty inherent in future projections of climate change into design requirements. It involves using the best available climate change data and an understanding of the relationships between asset performance and environmental (climate-related) conditions. The risk level associated with climate change for a specific asset is determined by consideration of the severity and confidence level of the climate change hazard, the exposure of the asset to the hazard, the vulnerability of the exposed asset to the hazard and the capacity of the asset to adapt to the hazard. The method considers the risk levels, the selection of climate model data, the ‘natural variability’ baseline period to be applied to the climate change data, the climate change model validation, the asset life time and specifically how to modify metocean design criteria to account for climate change to ensure both the ‘start of life’ criteria (typically derived from observed and hindcast data) and ‘end of life’ criteria (including an estimate for the impact of climate change at the end of the asset life) meet the required annual probability of exceedance.
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Radaković, Jelena Andreja, Dragana Makajić-Nikolić, Nataša Petrović, Marko Ćirović, and Nemanja Milenković. "Challenges Of Disaster Risk Reduction Knowledge: The Case Study of Floods." In Society’s Challenges for Organizational Opportunities: Conference Proceedings. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2022.60.
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In the last 50 years of human development, waterrelated hazards have been dominating among the disasters, that have caused both human casualties and economic damage. Floods are among the top ten worst types of natural disasters, positioning on an unenviable third place, when taking in account, above all, the number of human lives that have been lost. Unfortunately, forecasts show that the negative trend of flood impact will continue to grow, mainly as a result of climate change, population growth and economic development. For these reasons, the need for implementing Disaster Risk Reduction has been recognized globally as a way to reduce the risk and impact of all natural disasters, including floods. On top of this, the need to include education in this area is also recognized, especially in the field of knowledge-based decision-making process. When it comes to Disaster Risk Reduction knowledge, it should be noted that despite the efforts related to the wider implementation of this type of education, practice shows that it is still been poorly represented at all necessary levels of formal and non-formal education, although in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 precisely emphasizes the critical role of knowledge in Disaster Risk Reduction.
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Biheri, Ghith, Ashrf Amoura, Khaled Elmaleh, and Abubaker Nouh. "A Field Study: Minimizing Gas Flaring Through Reuse to Produce Electricity and Petrochemical Products." In SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211867-ms.
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Abstract A novel strategy has been implemented in Libyan oil companies to eliminate the environmental impact of gas flaring by utilizing the associated gas to produce electricity and petrochemical products. This strategy would have significant environmental and economic advantages. The primary purpose of the study is to investigate the scenarios that could further facilitate the reduction of natural gas pollution in one of the Libyan oil companies caused by flaring and its utilization in power stations. More than 27% of the associated gas is flared daily in Libya due to an inability to monetize or store the associated gas. However, a new technique uses the flared gas to produce energy at a power station located approximately 30 miles from the oil fields. This power station has four units with a total capacity of 640 megawatts. In recent years, the power station was operated using crude oil, despite it having been designed to be operated by gas as well. It was found that it would cost much less to produce the electricity if natural gas were used instead of crude oil. The evaluation demonstrated that switching from flaring the gas to reusing it to generate energy or create petrochemical products has significant environmental benefits. These benefits include a reduction in released toxic components and air pollution, which limits contribution to climate change and reduces health hazards, particularly in residential areas near the oil fields. In addition, this method of reusing flared gas exhibits some economic benefits, such as the ability to manufacture electricity from natural gas rather than costly crude oil. In addition, the associated gas can be used to optimize supply of products such as methanol, ethylene, and ammonia. This research seeks to discuss and develop efficient and effective solutions to avoid flaring associated gas, which is considered a waste of valuable natural resources, and reuse it in order to maintain a clean environment and provide economic benefits by using the associated gas to produce electricity and supply it to various petrochemical businesses.
Reports on the topic "Understanding the impact of natural hazards caused by climate change"
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Sett, Dominic, Christina Widjaja, Patrick Sanady, Angelica Greco, Neysa Setiadi, Saut Sagala, Cut Sri Rozanna, and Simone Sandholz. Hazards, Exposure and Vulnerability in Indonesia: A risk assessment across regions and provinces to inform the development of an Adaptive Social Protection Road Map. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/uvrd1447.
Full textAbstract:
Risk induced by natural hazards and climate change has been accelerating worldwide, leading to adverse impacts on communities' well-being. Dealing with this risk is increasingly complex and requires cross-sectoral action. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) has emerged as a promising approach to strengthen the resilience of communities by integrating Social Protection (SP), Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) efforts. To inform this integration and thereby support the development of a functional ASP approach, the identification and provision of relevant data and information are vital. In this context, risk assessments are crucial as they establish the groundwork for the design of effective ASP interventions. However, despite the importance of risk information for ASP and the abundance of sectoral assessments, there is not yet a comprehensive risk assessment approach, a reality that also applies to Indonesia. Although the country is one of the international pioneers of the concept and has enshrined ASP at the highest national level in its development plans, this emphasis in policy and practice has been hampered by the absence of more unified assessment methods. The Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) presented here takes a unique approach to develop such a cross-sectoral risk assessment and apply it throughout Indonesia. The HEVA brings together different risk understandings of key actors both internationally and domestically within SP, DRM and CCA, as well as identifying commonalities across sectors to establish a joint understanding. The HEVA not only considers risk as an overarching outcome but also focuses on its drivers, i.e. hazards, exposure and vulnerability, to identify why specific communities are at risk and thus customize ASP interventions. Subsequently, risks are assessed for Indonesia’s regions and provinces based on this cross-sectoral risk understanding. Secondary data has been acquired from various existing sectoral assessments conducted in Indonesia, and in total, data for 44 indicators has been compiled to calculate hazard, exposure and vulnerability levels for all 34 Indonesian provinces. Findings of the HEVA suggest that overall risk is high in Indonesia and no single province can be characterized as a low-risk area, demonstrating a strong relevance for ASP throughout the whole of the country. Papua, Maluku, and Central Sulawesi were identified as provinces with the highest overall risk in Indonesia. However, even Yogyakarta, which was identified as a comparatively low-risk province, still ranks among the ten most hazard-prone provinces in the country and has a demonstrated history of severe impact events. This also underlines that the composition of risk based on the interplay of hazard, exposure and vulnerability differs significantly among provinces. For example, in Papua and West Papua, vulnerability ranks as the highest in Indonesia, while hazard and exposure levels are comparatively low. In contrast, East Java and Central Java are among the highest hazard-prone provinces, while exposure and vulnerability are comparatively low. The results provide much more comprehensive insight than individual sectoral analyses can offer, facilitating the strategic development and implementation of targeted ASP interventions that address the respective key risk components. Based on lessons learned from the development and application of the HEVA approach, as well as from the retrieved results, the report provides recommendations relevant for policymakers, practitioners and researchers. First, recommendations regarding risk assessments for ASP are given, emphasizing the need to bring together sectoral understandings and to consider the interconnection of hazards, exposure and vulnerability, including their drivers and root causes, to assess current and future risk. It is also recommended to complement national level assessments with more specific local assessments. Secondly, recommendations regarding ASP option development in general are provided, including the importance of considering side effects of interventions, root causes of risks, the potential of nature-based solutions and barriers to implementation due to local capacities when designing ASP interventions. Third, recommendations regarding focal areas for ASP programmes are outlined for the case of Indonesia, such as prioritizing interventions in risk hotspots and areas characterized by high readiness for ASP solutions. At the same time, it is vital to leave no region behind as all provinces face risks that potentially jeopardize communities’ well-being.
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Rethinking risk in times of COVID-19. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wskw1341.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic has been tremendously difficult for many people across the globe. What was initially viewed as a health crisis affected societies to their core, many of which were already grappling with the devastating effects of climate change, as well as other challenges such as political instability and conflict. While each of these crises has its own identifiable causes, the increasingly interconnected nature of our world means that these shocks or hazards and the knock-on effects from them cannot be viewed in isolation. Indeed, the number of record-breaking disasters witnessed over the past years and their cascading effects across sectors and borders have illuminated those interconnections as never before. Similarly, interconnections became very visible whenCOVID-19 started to spread around the globe. The unfolding pandemic prompted a range of policy measures to limit the spread of the virus and avoid health systems becoming overwhelmed. Yet the effects of these measures, including stay-at-ho-me orders and shutdown of public life, while highly important to prevent health system collapse and reduce COVID-19 fatalities, hit the most vulnerable the hardest. Underlying vulnerabilities such as poverty, precarious jobs in the informal economy, lack of access to education and, structural gender biases were exacerbated by the pandemic. This report sheds light on the complexity of risks in a highly interconnected world, and present lessons for risk management. Focusing on COVID-19, it shows how, through the interconnectedness of societies and the underlying vulnerabilities within them, the direct and indirect impacts of the pandemic have revealed the systemic nature of risk. Through a case study approach, it demonstrates how the pandemic triggered a multitude of impacts far beyond the direct health crisis, including joblessness, debt, civil and domestic violence and the derailment of their children’s education, among many others. In many locations, women suffered disproportionately, whether as a result of bias in employment patterns or other pre-existing gender biases in society. Drawing on insights from different case studies across the world, this report also offers lessons from the pandemic for understanding risk more systemically, and presents recommendations for risk management moving forward.