Academic literature on the topic 'Understanding the Fundamentals of Financial Assessment'
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Journal articles on the topic "Understanding the Fundamentals of Financial Assessment"
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Pryimak, N. S., and O. V. Deviatkova. "ENTERPRISE ECONOMIC SECURITY STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT: THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS AND TOOLS." Visnyk of Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mykhailo Tugan-Baranovsky, no. 1 (76) 2022 (2022): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33274/2079-4819-2022-76-1-37-45.
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Objective. The objective of the article is to substantiate a theoretically significant approach to understanding the essence of the strategic management of the economic security of an enterprise and the choice of effective tools for assessing its effectiveness. Method. To substantiate the results of the study, a set of methods is used,: imethods of theoretical analysis and synthesis, generalization, dynamic analysis, index method, graphical method. The theoretical and methodological base of the study contains the provisions of the theory of management, strategic management, strategic analysis, financial analysis. Results. In the study, the identification of the subject and object of the economic security of the enterprise is carried out, the connection between the management of economic security and the strategic management of the enterprise and the set of the main functions of the latter are updated. Specifically, under the strategy of economic security of an enterprise, it is proposed to understand a comprehensive strategy related to strategies of a supporting type, designed to maintain the state of long-term economic security of both the entire enterprise and economic security in terms of local components (market, technical and technological, personnel, financial, etc.) . The authors’ vision of the algorithm for developing a strategy for the economic security of an enterprise is proposed. It presupposes the following sequential actions: setting the problem; team building; analysis of external and internal factors that generate threats; gradation of threats according to the level of consequences; threat impact forecast; assessment of resource potential; determination of methods, technologies and tools for implementing the economic security strategy; making a decision on a specific strategy, its financial justification; implementation of the company’s economic security strategy. In the course of a practical study, an analysis of the level of economic security of YuzhGOK JSC is made. To identify the economic security strategy of the plant for 2018-2020, a profile of economic security is compiled, the integral coefficient of economic security is calculated, and using the SPACE analysis, it has been found that the plant implements an aggressive economic security strategy, which is effective and adequate for the current business conditions. It has been established that an aggressive security strategy does not require changes, that is, strategic management should focus on the implementation of control and preventive functions that will ensure the preventive nature of strategic management and monitoring of the operating environment. Key words: strategic management, economic security, economic security strategy, strategic management of economic security, strategic management functions.
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Fauzatul Laily Nisa and Cholid Fadil. "Fundamental Factors Of Stock Price Assessment In Blue Chip Stock Investment Decisions." International Journal of Educational and Life Sciences 2, no. 5 (June 1, 2024): 482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.59890/ijels.v2i5.1901.
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This research explores the fundamental factors that influence the assessment of blue-chip stock prices and their impact on investment decisions. These factors include net profit, revenue growth, debt ratio, and liquidity. The research method involves analyzing historical financial data of blue-chip companies and surveys of capital market investors. The research results show that net profit and revenue growth have a significant influence on the assessment of blue-chip stock prices. Debt and liquidity ratios have also been shown to have an important impact in shaping investor perceptions. Furthermore, these findings provide a better understanding of how investors use these fundamental factors as a basis for making their investment decisions. The implications of this research contribute to our understanding of the factors that investors should pay attention to when assessing blue-chip stocks. Capital markets practitioners can use this information to design more informed and timely investment strategies. Meanwhile, capital market regulators may consider these findings to increase market transparency and sustainability. Thus, this research not only contributes to the financial literature by exploring the relationship between fundamental factors and stock price valuation, but also provides valuable practical insights for capital market players.
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Blizkiy, Roman Sergeevich, and Yuliya Sergeevna Lebedinskaya. "Fundamentals of formation and problems of development of small and medium-sized enterprises: digital transformation." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Economics 2022, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-5537-2022-3-55-61.
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The modern assessment of the state of the economy in the world has become widespread in the context of the systemic paradigm, according to which two aspects of the consideration of the economy can be distinguished: interaction of macroeconomics with the state and society; space-time continuum of different levels of the economy (micro-, meso- and macro levels). In terms of the ongoing global political contradictions, financial and economic crises, socio-ethnic conflicts, COVID-19 restrictions, the issues of in-depth understanding of sustainable mechanisms for economic development are of particular relevance, which involves the development of approaches and measures aimed at stable formation and development in small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs). The solutions are to be found and the scientific hypotheses expressed in assessing the features of the formation and development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation are to be formed in the context of digital transformation of business processes. There is studied a wealth of patterns, which accompany various aspects of the formation and development of SMEs, taking into account the harmonization of the features of digital transformations in the field of economic, legal, socio-economic and accounting and analytical systems and tracks of their acceleration. The factors influencing the formation and development of SMEs are graphically interpreted, the main stages in the evolution of the formation of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation are characterized, and the problems, trends, prospects and main determinants of the features of the development of the object under study are identified through a content analysis and institutional, sociological and economic analysis. There has been worked out a concept of prospects for the development of digital transformation of SMEs including the four main areas (internal potential, adaptive business environment, availability of strategic resources, institutional regulation), which provide a faster transition to the new forms of organizing and running business.
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Nica, Ionuț, Camelia Delcea, Nora Chiriță, and Ștefan Ionescu. "Quantifying Impact, Uncovering Trends: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Shadow Banking and Financial Contagion Dynamics." International Journal of Financial Studies 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2024): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs12010025.
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This study describes a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of shadow banking and financial contagion dynamics from 1996 to 2022. Through a holistic approach, our study focuses on quantifying the impact and uncovering significant trends in scientific research related to these interconnected fields. Using advanced bibliometric methods, we explored the global network of publications, identifying key works, influential authors, and the evolution of research over time. The results of the bibliometric analysis have highlighted an annual growth rate of 22.05% in publications related to the topics of shadow banking and financial contagion, illustrating researchers’ interest and the dynamic nature of publications over time. Additionally, significant increases in scientific production have been recorded in recent years, reaching a total of 178 articles published in 2022. The most predominant keywords used in research include “systemic risks”, “risk assessment”, and “measuring systemic risk”. The thematic evolution has revealed that over time, the focus on fundamental concepts used in analyzing these two topics has shifted, considering technological advancements and disruptive events that have impacted the economic and financial system. Our findings provide a detailed insight into the progress, gaps, and future directions in understanding the complex interplay of shadow banking and financial contagion. Our study represents a valuable asset for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers with a keen interest in understanding the dynamics of these critical components within the global financial system.
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Shanklin, Stephen B., and Craig R. Ehlen. "Extending The Use And Effectiveness Of The Monopoly® Board Game As An In-Class Economic Simulation In The Introductory Financial Accounting Course." American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 10, no. 2 (March 31, 2017): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v10i2.9916.
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This paper extends the use of the Monopoly® board game as an economic simulation exercise designed to reinforce an understanding of how the accounting cycle impacts the financial statements used to evaluate management performance. This extension adds elements of debt not previously utilized to allow for an introduction of the fundamentals of ratio analysis at a foundation level in financial accounting instruction. This extended approach uses the rules and strategies of a familiar board game to create a simulation of business and economic realities, which then becomes an effective, interactive, in-class financial accounting practice set. The unique combination of each player’s skill and luck provides for unlimited outcome possibilities, delivering an interpretive result that students can neither predict nor easily manipulate. This pedagogical approach serves to provide students with a sense of proprietorship in the activities of the instruction and fosters a competitive spirit to succeed in class activities that will ultimately be presented to the entire class. While the instructor surrenders a significant level of control in the class exercise, the uniqueness of each Monopoly® team’s game results requires active engagement in-class and additional individual effort on the follow-up assignments outside the classroom. In the previous use of the Monopoly® board game, the class activity provided a valuable parallel for reality in practicing the financial accounting cycle and emphasizing its use by external parties. Because of the dynamic sense of capturing the “real-time” aspect of the game into finished financial statements for analysis, students start to sense a greater appreciation for the role that accounting cycle activities play in business reporting and the assessment of operating results. Using the Monopoly® board game in the first course in financial accounting tends to generate a higher level of competitive energy in the classroom experience, with more actively engaged students grasping the nature and purpose of the financial accounting system more quickly and actively than with other pedagogical approaches previously used. More recently, using Microsoft Excel to reflect the game results and present the financial statements has added to the robust learning experience achieved by incorporating the Monopoly® board game.
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Mastilo, Zoran, Anđelka Štilić, Dejan Gligović, and Adis Puška. "Assessing the Banking Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina: An Analysis of Financial Indicators through the MEREC and MARCOS Methods." Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 167–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2024-0008.
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Abstract The banking sector assumes a pivotal role in the economic development of nations. The assessment of financial indicators pertaining to banks holds fundamental importance in the evaluation of bank stability and sustainability. This research employs the MEREC (Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria) and MARCOS (Measurement of Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution) methodologies to delve deeper into the financial landscape of the banking sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Specifically, the objective is to rank banks according to their financial indicators, utilizing financial data from the year 2022. The MEREC method is applied to gauge the significance of financial indicators and ascertain their respective weights, while the MARCOS method is employed to rank banks within BiH based on their financial indicators. The examination of financial indicators within the BiH banking sector, facilitated by the MEREC and MARCOS methodologies, yields a more comprehensive understanding of the sector’s present condition. Limitations of this research, which primarily stem from its reliance on available financial data and predefined methodologies, lies within limited consideration for external factors. To provide a broader contextual perspective, the inclusion of additional financial indicators and comparative analyses with banking sectors of other nations would be imperative. The findings of this research reveal that Raiffeisen Bank exhibits the most favourable financial indicators and demonstrates the highest level of efficiency within this context. Consequently, this research offers insights into identifying exemplary banks that can serve as models for enhancing the performance of others.
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Filipovic, Miroslava. "Global capital markets: An updated profile." Panoeconomicus 54, no. 2 (2007): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan0702197f.
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More than two decades after the beginning of the financial revolution globalization of capital flows still attracts considerable attention, from both practitioners and academics. The aim of this paper is to contribute to understanding of some aspects of the global capital scene, as well as to emphasize certain developments which might illustrate its changing profile. Several fundamental perspectives profile the global capital market. A quantitative review provides a sense of sheer volumes, trends, origins and destinations of capital flows; an assessment of the global capital market?s degree of integration follows. The emergence of new (types of) actors is another important aspect of the global processes, while illustrations of new market products and emerging segments may add new perspectives on the profile of the global capital market. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief overview of digitalization of the financial supply chain.
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Tang, Zixuan. "The Application of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in China's Financial Market: An Analysis of Regulatory Impact and International Comparison." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 67, no. 1 (January 5, 2024): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/67/20241253.
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Indentation of Abstract should be left 0.53"/1.35cm. As the world's second largest economy, China is also one of the world's biggest emerging economies; The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is one of the most classic pricing models, and China's asset pricing model has gained a lot of experience from it. This research investigates the application of the CAPM in China's financial market, focusing on the influence of financial market regulation and conducting a comparative analysis with international markets. CAPM is a fundamental asset pricing model used to estimate asset expected returns and risks based on their covariance with the overall market portfolio. The study aims to analyze the practical implementation of CAPM in China's financial market, considering the impact of financial market regulation on the model's effectiveness. Key variables such as market data, risk-free rates, and stock returns are utilized, with specific adjustments made to accommodate China's unique regulatory environment. The research's significance lies in providing valuable insights into asset pricing and risk assessment in China's financial market, as well as implications for investors and policymakers. By comparing the results with international markets, this study contributes to a broader understanding of the CAPM model's applicability and effectiveness in diverse regulatory settings.
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Fuhrmeister, Christian. "Wie Architekturgeschichte schreiben, wie Architekturgeschichte denken?" architectura 50, no. 1-2 (November 25, 2022): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atc-2020-1017.
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Abstract The short intervention pleads for a comprehensive analysis of architecture in the sense of an encompassing history of the built environment. Trespassing beyond the study of formal invention and mere aesthetic qualities, the paper argues for a holistic or systemic approach that aims at incorporating the many truly fundamental and foundational aspects, like capital in the form of land or financial resources, or power. Since many forces shape the building, it is a unique source in its own right that can be used, in turn, for an enhanced understanding of past societies. At the same time, this broader assessment is meaningful and relevant for us today.
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Poliukhovych, Nataliia, Larysa Raicheva, and Andrii Ivanov. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF RISK ASSESSMENT OF ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2022-8-3-166-173.
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The article considers the issues of selection and use of management tools and methods, development and selection of enterprise strategy taking into account risks. The author's understanding of the risk management process is given, the basic principles that guide the development and implementation of risk management strategy at the enterprise are listed. The development of a risk assessment algorithm is proposed and the features of individual elements of the integrated risk assessment flowchart are characterized. In the paper, attention was drawn to the differences in the qualitative and quantitative risk analysis, the peculiarities of their methodology were determined. Considerable attention is paid to the definition of risk assessment methods, methods of risk minimization are listed, and as a result, the definition of the term "risk" is generalized. The methods of formation of enterprise strategy, which can be represented by three groups: portfolio analysis methods, mathematical methods, forecasting methods, are investigated. It is determined that modern methods of enterprise management and mechanisms for making key decisions in business imply the need to develop a procedure for both substantive and quantitative accounting and assessment of the entire range of possible uncertainties and risks that accompany the market activity of the enterprise. It is shown that most of the risks to be taken into account, quantified and accounted for in the economic and mathematical model of the enterprise, cover two main activities of the enterprise, and are integrated into the concept of risk management assessment: production and financial sphere. An economic and mathematical model of choosing the optimal strategy of the enterprise, taking into account the risk factors of management, according to the criterion of maximizing the amount of consolidated cash flow from operating and financial activities, which reflects both the production and technological conditions of the enterprise and the peculiarities of decision-making in the commodity and financial markets, is built. This optimization model is implemented to solve the problem of choosing the optimal management strategy taking into account management risks. However, all these methods start to work when the risk is realized (or must be realized) in losses and damages. Such an approach to building an effective risk management system does not comply with the principle of proactivity: it is not necessary to include in the cost estimate of the enterprise the costs of eliminating the consequences of the risk, it is necessary to include the costs of preventing the risk. With this approach, preventive and adequate measures can reduce the cost of risk, as well as choose the optimal level of risk, which is determined by the minimum cost. The results of the analysis show that most of the known methods of forecasting and risk assessment are inapplicable in conditions of unpredictability. The situation with the application of risk management tools is slightly better. Dissipation and insurance, as well as diversification of activities and the creation of funds and reserves are at least limitedly applicable. The presence of a risk assessment and coordination system at the enterprise will make it possible to identify existing risks, determine the level of danger and, using certain methods and tools of risk management, reduce their negative impact on the financial and economic activities of the enterprise. Currently, the approach to risk assessment is being transformed, as new challenges require fundamental changes in risk assessment and modeling systems.
Books on the topic "Understanding the Fundamentals of Financial Assessment"
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Akateva, Marina, and Svetlana Beskorovaynaya. Theoretical and methodological assessment of accounting and reporting adaptation processes in the context of global integration of Russian and international legislation. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1080624.
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The monograph is devoted to the fundamental scientific, theoretical, organizational and methodological issues of harmonization of accounting and reporting of Russian economic entities, understanding and professional assessment, including in the retrospective aspect.
For postgraduates, undergraduates and students of the financial and economic direction. The materials of the monograph can be used in the educational process as part of teaching a number of accounting, financial and legal disciplines, as well as for further research in the field of accounting science and practice.
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Rodefer, Jeffrey R. Nevada property tax manual: Guide to understanding the administrative process and the fundamentals of creating a solid record. [Carson City, Nev.]: Office of the Attorney General, 1993.
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Derbin, Evgeniy, and Anatoliy Caregorodcev. Information warfare: conceptual foundations of information security. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2084342.
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The textbook contains lecture materials on the academic discipline "Fundamentals of information warfare", executed in the form of an atlas of basic diagrams representing the content of the issues under consideration in a form convenient for perception and understanding of the interrelationships of all processes and phenomena.
It may be of interest both for employees of departments whose activities are related to ensuring information security of credit and financial sector organizations, and for teachers, students and postgraduates studying in training areas and specialties related to an enlarged group of specialties and training areas 10.00.00 "Information security".
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Personal Financial Services Advice. The Canadian Securities Institute, 2011.
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Operations, Logical Logical. Crisp Assessment : Understanding Financial Statements: Understanding Financial Statements. Logical Operations LLC, 1997.
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Mirza, Abbas A., and Nandakumar Ankarath. Understanding IFRS Fundamentals: International Financial Reporting Standards. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.
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Mehta, Kalpesh J., T. P. Ghosh, Nandakumar Ankarath, and Yass A. Alkafaji. Understanding IFRS Fundamentals: International Financial Reporting Standards. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.
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Understanding IFRS fundamentals: International financial reporting standards. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2010.
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Ketz, J. Edward. Hidden Financial Risk: Understanding off-Balance Sheet Accounting. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2007.
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Hidden Financial Risk: Understanding Off Balance Sheet Accounting. Wiley, 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Understanding the Fundamentals of Financial Assessment"
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Flor, Rica Joy, Reianne Quilloy, Harro Maat, Nguyen-Van-Hung, Myo Aung Kyaw, and Martin Gummert. "Partnerships and Approaches Used for Scaling: An Assessment of the Process for Rice Postharvest Technologies in CORIGAP." In Closing Rice Yield Gaps in Asia, 177–203. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37947-5_6.
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AbstractIn agriculture, many technologies are co-produced by research and a variety of other stakeholders, including farmers. Large-scale implementation of such technologies requires not only the distribution of the material components of a technology but also the replication of the social network, typically provided through facilitation of stakeholder involvement. Within the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), the now common procedure to enable stakeholder involvement is the creation of innovation platforms. The multi-stakeholder engagement initiated by these platforms enables the use of locally adapted technologies. This implies that the introduced technologies are not merely copied but require unpacking and repacking. In other words, a process of re-establishing the interconnectedness of the technology with varied socioeconomic arrangements and policies that enable its use. Understanding the process of scaling technologies thus requires analysis of the network that effectively catalyzes synergistic change and supports the adoption of technologies. However, the nature of the network, the types of partnerships, and the communication processes are situational and dynamic. It can take many years before newly introduced technologies become integrated into the routines of farming and accepted as a ‘normal’ technology. In this chapter, we provide a qualitative assessment of the partnerships and networks initiated by the Closing Rice Yield Gaps project (CORIGAP). Many of the CORIGAP partnerships were initiated during the predecessor project, the Irrigated Rice Research Consortium (IRRC). CORIGAP facilitated partnerships in different modalities, depending on the context of the countries and partners. This included partnerships with private-sector partners who, for example, provide services or inputs in return for subsidies or other financial arrangements. We reflect on the types of partnerships, how they are conceptualized, and how they created the needed connections and conditions to support the scaling of technologies introduced by CORIGAP. We also present cases of private-sector partnerships as examples of engagements with industries. We then dive into an approach that had been employed in several CORIGAP sites to facilitate the creation of a network for learning, innovation, and scaling of technologies. A case of using this approach in the Lower Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar is presented. We close the chapter with insights on the incentives these CORIGAP partnerships have enabled for scaling.
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"Financial Instruments (IFRS 9)." In Understanding IFRS Fundamentals, 369–81. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119197690.ch40.
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"Financial Instruments: Presentation (IAS 32)." In Understanding IFRS Fundamentals, 177–86. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119197690.ch23.
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"Interim Financial Reporting (IAS 34)." In Understanding IFRS Fundamentals, 195–205. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119197690.ch25.
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"Financial Instruments: Disclosures (IFRS 7)." In Understanding IFRS Fundamentals, 345–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119197690.ch38.
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"Risk assessment." In Financial Fundamentals for Engineers, 167–68. Routledge, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080468662-53.
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"Presentation of Financial Statements (IAS 1)." In Understanding IFRS Fundamentals, 17–25. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119197690.ch3.
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"Understanding Financial Statements." In Financial Management and Accounting Fundamentals for Construction, 11–42. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470548813.ch2.
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"Introduction to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)." In Understanding IFRS Fundamentals, 1–10. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119197690.ch1.
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"Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements (IAS 27)." In Understanding IFRS Fundamentals, 143–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119197690.ch19.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Understanding the Fundamentals of Financial Assessment"
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Raposo, Saulo Magalhães da Silva, and Sérgio Murilo Petri. "Analysis of financial statements: A study of fundamental indicators of a car rental company." In VI Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvimulti2024-005.
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Car rental companies are part of a market that is constantly growing in Brazil, given the growing supply and demand for the services provided by the segment. Given the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, fundamental analysis is essential to assess the performance of any entity. In view of this, this study aimed to verify the growth expectations of Localiza Rent a Car SA based on the assessment of its fundamental indicators and its standardized financial statements published on the B3 website for the years between 2021 and 2023. To this end, analyses of liquidity, capital structure and profitability ratios were applied, as well as vertical and horizontal analysis of the company's balance sheet. The aim was to examine possible impacts on Localiza's financial statements resulting from the pandemic period, and the results obtained were compared with companies in the same segment by creating standard indexes, and with previous studies that included the company evaluated. This is an applied research, with a mixed approach, documentary and bibliographic in procedures and descriptive in objectives, with non-probabilistic sampling. It was found that liquidity and profitability indicators showed a reduction over the years due, in general, to the long-term effects caused by the pandemic. Capital structure indicators, on the other hand, remained below the sector average. Understanding the macroeconomic context was crucial for the interpretation of the analyses. It was concluded that, even in the midst of economic adversities, Localiza continues to expand sharply, generating value and investing heavily in its financial leverage process, an essential factor for its operational continuity.
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Gašperlin, Blaž. "Validation of Data Maturity Criteria for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises." In 36th Bled eConference – Digital Economy and Society: The Balancing Act for Digital Innovation in Times of Instability. University of Maribor Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.6.2023.58.
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Data is a fundamental source for any business to operate and to develop. Inefficient data management can lead to lack or a flood of data and consequently non-optimal business decisions. This is particularly evident in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which often lag behind due to limited resources (financial, human, time, knowledge). To support SMEs in understanding how to manage and utilize data effectively we propose a data maturity assessment multiple-cirteria model. Important criteria were identified from the literature and have been validated through semi-structured interviews with seven Slovenian SMEs. The results suggest some new criteria to describe the data maturity, relevant to Slovenian SMEs.
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Peel, J. D. "Recent Developments in the Technology and Understanding of the Calendering Processes." In Fundamentals of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker and V. Punton. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1989.2.979.
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Recent developments in industrial practice are briefly reviewed and then improvements of our understanding of calendering are reviewed under the headings: the assessment of surface properties, the compressibility of paper, the effects of calendering variables on paper properties (for hard (iron) roll calendering, soft roll calendering and temperature or moisture gradient calendering, and the effect of calendering on paper strength) and rolling contact phenomena. The Concluding Comments list the implications of these industrial and scientific developments for future technical development and research into the calendering processes. The last 8-9 years have seen further expansions and rationalisations within the paper industry so it is not surprising to read regular reports of new finishing lines on new or modernised machines. Particularly noticeable, however, have been the numerous installations of new supercalenders for LWC grades and the development of competing uncoated filled mechanical printing grades, also supercalendered. Also, there is a trend for makers of standard machine calendered newsprint to produce higher quality mechanical printing grades which require a supercalender finish. These developments have increased the already considerable interest in the possibility of reducing the costs of supercalendering compared in detail by Muller & Schmidt with machine calendering and with on-line soft roll calendering, using an 8 roll machine (1) . Although the analysis needs to be updated in the light of experience with modern 2 x 2 roll tandem soft calenders, not then in service, the relative importance of running costs, capital investment and production losses through down time are carefully compared. Supercalendering of newsprint produced at 1000 m/min was estimated to cost DM16/ton compared with about DM4 for conventional machine calendering, before down time losses adjust them to DM25 and 27 respectively. (At that time, the on-line alternative was apparently far more expensive) . The higher selling price of the supercalendered paper was not allowed for. Since 1980, there has been a rapid application of on-line soft roll calendering, in place of the conventional machine calendering with hard (iron) rolls. Excluding the gloss calenders developed about 1962, there are probably nearly two hundred installations, which, it may be said, give a supercalender type finish to papers which were usually not finished that way, or which were lightly supercalendered. Obviously, there has been considerable interest in seeing how far this on-line process can go to produce conventional supercalender grades. Before reviewing the scientific developments in these operations, it is useful to review briefly the practical improvements which have been made since about the time of the review by Peel, Kerekes and Baumgarten (2).
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Sinclair, Brian Robert, Raffaello Furlan, Asmaa Al-Mohannadi, and Nooshin Esmaeili. "Design, build, occupy, adapt: Critical considerations of architectural education in an ethos of upheaval." In 3rd Valencia International Biennial of Research in Architecture, VIBRArch. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vibrarch2022.2022.15223.
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Over the past century, as mobility increased and communication heightened, architectural education saw a shared vision gain uptake and adoption in many corners of the globe. Informed by an embrace of architecture as a regulated profession, schools pursued similar standards, structure, accreditation & assessment, albeit with local overlays and national policies dictating details and nuancing content. While numerous models developed in concert, all pursued the notion of education providing base competencies for the subsequent pursuit of professional registration/certification and associated modes of practice. In many ways curricula has been increasingly comparable between many international regions, which has resulted in benefits around legibility, reputation and value of architecture as both discipline and profession. Centered on the studio as a signature pedagogy, architectural education has tended, to date, to translate well across borders and boundaries. However, recent challenges such as climate change, health calamities, financial crises, and global conflict, to name but a few, have given cause to critically review architectural education, writ-large, in terms of content, delivery, value, efficacy and impact. The present project, driven by researchers in North America and the Middle East, examines and interrogates aspects of architectural education considering this ethos of upheaval. The work, which is exploratory in extent and preliminary in character, is intended as a provocation concerning the status quo. Included in the probe are factors that prove fundamental to our productively advancing the profession and practices of Architecture: namely technology, psychology, sociology, business, research, sustainability and ethics. Developing from an environmental scan, and drawing from extensive administrative experience (in numerous nations) of the two lead authors, the research then examines selected details for each of these factors - proposing new means and methods that promise to better prepare architecture students for a dramatically different world. Ancillary yet vital qualities, such as interdisciplinary engagement, leadership, intersectoral understanding, and holism, are investigated with respect to a curricular reset. The authors shape a novel model for higher education in architecture that resonates with emerging demands and equips students to survive and thrive given the changing global context and the transcendental ‘new normal.’
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Prassinos, Peter G., John W. Lyver, and Chinh T. Bui. "Risk Assessment Overview." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63490.
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Risk assessment is used in many industries to identify and manage risks. Initially developed for use on aeronautical and nuclear systems, risk assessment has been applied to transportation, chemical, computer, financial, and security systems among others. It is used to gain an understanding of the weaknesses or vulnerabilities in a system so modification can be made to increase operability, efficiency, and safety and to reduce failure and down-time. Risk assessment results are primary inputs to risk-informed decision making; where risk information including uncertainty is used along with other pertinent information to assist management in the decision-making process. Therefore, to be useful, a risk assessment must be directed at specific objectives. As the world embraces the globalization of trade and manufacturing, understanding the associated risk become important to decision making. Applying risk assessment techniques to a global system of development, manufacturing, and transportation can provide insight into how the system can fail, the likelihood of system failure and the consequences of system failure. The risk assessment can identify those elements that contribute most to risk and identify measures to prevent and mitigate failures, disruptions, and damaging outcomes. In addition, risk associated with public and environment impact can be identified. The risk insights gained can be applied to making decisions concerning suitable development and manufacturing locations, supply chains, and transportation strategies. While risk assessment has been mostly applied to mechanical and electrical systems, the concepts and techniques can be applied across other systems and activities. This paper provides a basic overview of the development of a risk assessment.
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Mirshams, Reza A., Yong X. Tao, Xun Yu, and Azize Akcayoglu. "Assessment Development for Accreditation of an Innovative Mechanical and Energy Engineering Program." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36280.
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The addition of Energy to the Mechanical Engineering curriculum created a new mechanical engineering model of engineering education in the baccalaureate-level and an opportunity for providing the academic foundation for successful career preparation and lifelong learning for the students. The curriculum has been designed with a system-level approach to traditional mechanical engineering based design, on the fundamentals of undergraduate level engineering within the mechanical engineering discipline, and has provided experiential-oriented approaches for the better understanding of classical mechanical engineering principles. The interdisciplinary nature of energy systems and mechanics requires a cross-cutting education that draws from the synergy of traditional disciplines of mechanical engineering, materials engineering and manufacturing, and computational methods and engineering. We are going to present the outcome based assessment in undergraduate level and discuss components of the program from freshman to senior years, and our successful implementation in developing student learning outcomes assessment, and evaluation approach for ABET accreditation.
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Platanitis, George, and Remon Pop-Iliev. "Assessment and Evaluation of Undergraduate Design Engineering Projects." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35383.
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Methodologies focused on assessing and evaluating the developed learning outcomes and the students’ ability to adequately combine design engineering project work with the knowledge gained from coursework and integrate these by extending it into practical applications exist and are continually evolving. However, it seems that there is still a lot of room for their improvement. In this research, a universally applicable methodical tool, developed in recent years, that is generally useful in knowledge evaluation exercises, was directly applied to the design engineering field. The efforts were focused on developing a model to evaluate the extent to which students have applied their knowledge in various design engineering projects over their undergraduate education. Each component of the proposed model represents a different level of application starting from one’s basic understanding of a concept, the ability of one to relate knowledge and articulate relationships among elements of the fundamentals, and finally culminating into the ability of one to take knowledge and apply it to a novel situation. Rubrics (charts describing learning at different levels of development) were used to evaluate students’ level of knowledge application. The preliminary results of this study proved that the model is quite useful in evaluating the learning process of students via design projects and methods can be developed to customize and maximize it.
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Kuruczleki, Éva. "Overcoming methodological issues in measuring financial literacy of companies, a proposed measurement model." In The Challenges of Analyzing Social and Economic Processes in the 21st Century. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Gazdaságtudományi Kar, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/casep21c.16.
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In the past decade, individual and company financial literacy measurement methods went through substantial changes. To investigate factors contributing to financial literacy of both individuals and firms, scholars needed to reach out for new measurement methods other than the traditional knowledge tests widely used previously. This paper provides a synthesis of the most recent studies concerning both individual and company financial literacy regarding the dimensions of financial literacy and methods available for measuring and modelling financial literacy. The results highlight new emerging trends in the assessment: qualitative methods (e. g. interviews and case studies), for getting insight into very special segments of financial literacy, and more elaborate and complex models, such as OLS regression, bivariate and multivariate logit and probit models, which provide effective ways to get a deeper understanding of the interaction of factors forming and determining financial literacy both at the individual at company level. However, even though the toolkit of measuring financial literacy is getting richer and richer, the connection between the individual and firm-level models seem to be nonexistent. This paper proposes a measurement model with the help of which company financial literacy can be measured through the assessment of individuals and their relationship contributing to firm-level financial decisions.
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Jama, Hetham, Vesna Spasojević-Brkić, Nikola Petrović, Uglješa Bugarić, and Martina Perišić. "A hybrid reliability: FMEA methodology in risk assessment of a belt conveyor system." In XIX International May Conference on Strategic Management – IMCSM24 Proceedings. University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty in Bor, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/imcsm24011j.
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An appropriate maintenance strategy can maximize a machine's capacity and economic lifetime and also produce yearly savings of several million euros. That being said, a risk assessment approach can help companies identify the systemic bottlenecks that are interfering with their development and cut a large portion of their profit each year. This paper presents a hybrid reliability-Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) methodology to assess the risk associated with belt conveyor systems, particularly in open-pit mining environments. By integrating severity, occurrence, and detection indicators, a 3D risk assessment matrix was developed. Using data from conveyor system maintenance, including downtime and failure occurrences, chi-square tests to analyze system reliability and mean downtime were applied. The methodology allows for a nuanced understanding of the frequency and severity of failures, enabling more informed decision-making about maintenance strategies. The paper highlights the economic implications of system failures and the potential for substantial financial savings through optimized maintenance planning.
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Norlander, Arne. "Hybrid Cognitive Capabilities in EDGE Operations." In 10th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004062.
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Contemporary and future defense and security operations are increasingly time-critical, resource-critical and safety-critical, requiring vigilance, awareness and determination. Commanders and operators frequently encounter uncertainty, risk, time-criticality and resource shortages while mastering the challenges of distributed, complex systems, strong functional coupling and interdependencies. Operational characteristics are highly dynamic and non-linear; Minor events, decisions and actions may have serious and irreversible consequences for the entire mission. This requires adaptive and versatile principles and concepts for Emergent, Dynamic, Global and Evolutionary operations (EDGE) operations, along with high-performance human and technological (i.e. hybrid) cognitive capabilities.Additionally, operating in a hazardous operational environment requires comprehensive operational awareness - shaped, supported and utilized by human and machine agents, in joint capabilities. Joint human-machine agents constitute hybrid capability components, able to accurately and rapidly sense, perceive and interpret relevant events and circumstances in order to sustain and improve decision-making and action, enabling every commander and operator to develop a wide-ranging appreciation of the situation. This paper is a précis of a balanced analysis, development, evaluation and assessment of hybrid multi-domain scenarios where the EDGE operational approach is superior regarding managing and maintaining operational availability, versatility and efficiency. A number of strategic capability elements will be identified and described. The capability elements will be incorporated in a dynamic capability architecture, operationalized into measurable evaluation criteria, enabling hybrid cognitive capabilities to accurately and rapidly perceive and interpret mission-relevant events and circumstances, in order to provide the context, insight and foresight required for effective decision-making and action. Complex Information and Cyber Operations are of particular concern; while some operational tasks necessarily would employ a human component, other tasks can only be accomplished through non-human intelligent entities, acting autonomously within the socio-technical enterprise. The Cognitive Systems body of research was utilized to overcome the duality of traditional human-machine research, focusing on better understanding what people actually do with technology rather than what functions belong to the machine and what functions belong to the human. The Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) body of research contributed with characteristics of self-learning, emergence, and evolution among the entities of the complex system, demonstrating heterogeneous and adaptive behavior. According to the body of research for Autonomous Adaptive Agents (AAAs), an agent is also viewed as a team member, meaning it is able to autonomously complement human decision-making when executing its tasks. Building cognitive systems and capabilities requires a mental shift – striving towards an Agility mindset that permeates security and defense policy, legal and financial frameworks, science and technology agendas, strategy and operations. Adopting an EDGE perspective requires matching internal operations with the degree of turmoil of the external environment, a principle known as requisite variety. EDGE defines system structures across domain boundaries and operational dimensions through an intersection of fundamental operational dynamics: Physical, Information Cognitive and Networks, allowing actions in one domain, ex. cognitive, to achieve an operational effect in another, ex. physical. A conflict situation within or with operational reach into the information and cognitive dimensions can rapidly escalate or change character in fractions of a second, and this requires adequate response times. This is beyond the ability of humans, hence requiring the use of high-performance, automated cognitive capabilities comprised of multiple, distributed human-autonomy systems. Furthermore, without the appropriate distribution of information, and the necessary decision rights to the AAAs that match their required level of autonomy, the decisions and actions needed for success in MDO will not be achieved in a timely manner.We propose formulating a future-oriented Essence of Joint Cognitive Systems Command, with equal relevance and applicability on human operators and artificial agents. Employing the Cognitive Systems, CAS and AAA paradigms for MDO permits the integration of all capability elements into an adaptive distributed system that can achieve a mission safely and efficiently. This Essence of Command is domain agnostic and applicable for human as well as non-human agents, although the dynamics are different.
Reports on the topic "Understanding the Fundamentals of Financial Assessment"
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Gallego, Sonsoles, Isabel Garrido, and Ignacio Hernando. IMF precautionary facilities and their use in Latin America. Madrid: Banco de España, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29609.
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Between 2009 and 2010, in response to the global financial crisis, the International Monetary Fund created a number of lending tools to pre-empt and insure against crises. These pre-emptive facilities were intended for countries with sound economic fundamentals and policies, but with exposure to financial contagion risks. The use of these instruments (in terms of number of countries) was limited during the first ten years of their existence, but with the outbreak of the pandemic three Latin American countries applied to use them. An assessment of these lines suggests they have performed the insurance function for which they were conceived. In anticipation of the forthcoming review of these credit lines, and in the light of recent experience, possible reasons for the limited demand are analysed and relevant factors are suggested for the design of “exit strategies”, the aspect of their use that has attracted most attention.
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Zanoni, Wladimir, Emily Díaz, Jorge Paredes, Leandro Gaston Andrian, and Juan Lorenzo Maldonado. Emerging Markets Bond Index Performance and Sovereign Default: The Case of Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005676.
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This paper delves into the dynamic impact of Ecuador's 2008 sovereign debt default on the subsequent performance of the country's bonds, specifically as measured by the Emerging Markets Bond Index (EMBI). Through a blend of qualitative and quantitative analyses, the paper develops a framework for understanding the interplay between macroeconomic and political fundamentals, global liquidity dynamics, and investor behaviors. Employing a synthetic control method, the study assesses the default's impact on Ecuadors EMBI performance, revealing a dynamically heterogeneous influence that fluctuates with evolving macroeconomic and political landscapes. The findings highlight the importance of considering a broad spectrum of economic variables in sovereign risk assessment, especially for economies with significant exposure to volatile commodity markets. The study offers insights into the complex dynamics governing sovereign bond markets post default, emphasizing the roles of fiscal discipline, investor communication, and political stability in mitigating sovereign risk.
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Monasterolo, Irene, María J. Nieto, and Edo Schets. The good, the bad and the hot house world: conceptual underpinnings of the NGFS scenarios and suggestions for improvement. Madrid: Banco de España, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29533.
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Climate mitigation scenarios are an essential tool for analyzing the macroeconomic and financial implications of climate change (physical risk), and how the transition to a low-carbon economy could unfold (transition risk). The Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) has co-developed a set of climate mitigation scenarios for climate financial risk assessment. Despite the important role that these scenarios play in climate stress tests, the understanding of their main characteristics and limitations is still poor. In this paper, we contribute to filling this gap by focusing on the following issues: comparison of the process-based Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs) used by the NGFS with alternative models; the role of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in shaping the scenario narratives, and their shortcomings; the interpretation and sensitivities of carbon price pathways; and, comparison with other climate mitigation scenarios. We then draw lessons on how to increase the relevance of the NGFS scenarios. These include updating the SSP narratives; considering the potential trade-offs between different types of climate policies; assessing acute physical risks and their compounding; integrating physical risks within transition scenarios; and, taking into account the role of the financial sector and investors’ expectations.
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Journeay, M., P. LeSueur, W. Chow, and C L Wagner. Physical exposure to natural hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330012.
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Natural hazard threats occur in areas of the built environment where buildings, people, and related financial assets are exposed to the physical effects of earth system processes that have a potential to cause damage, injuries, losses, and related socioeconomic disruption. As cities, towns, and villages continue to expand and densify in response to the pressures of urban growth and development, so too do the levels of exposure and susceptibility to natural hazard threat. While our understanding of natural hazard processes has increased significantly over the last few decades, the ability to assess both overall levels of physical exposure and the expected impacts and consequences of future disaster events (i.e., risk) is often limited by access to an equally comprehensive understanding of the built environment and detailed descriptions of who and what are situated in harm's way. This study addresses the current gaps in our understanding of physical exposure to natural hazards by presenting results of a national model that documents characteristics of the built environment for all settled areas in Canada. The model (CanEM) includes a characterization of broad land use patterns that describe the form and function of cities, towns, and villages of varying size and complexity, and the corresponding portfolios of people, buildings and related financial assets that make up the internal structure and composition of these communities at the census dissemination area level. Outputs of the CanEM model are used to carry out a preliminary assessment of exposure and susceptibility to significant natural hazard threats in Canada including earthquake ground shaking; inundation of low-lying areas by floods and tsunami; severe winds associated with hurricanes and tornados; wildland urban interface fire (wildfire); and landslides of various types. Results of our assessment provide important new insights on patterns of development and defining characteristics of the built environment for major metropolitan centres, rural and remote communities in different physiographic regions of Canada, and the effects of ongoing urbanization on escalating disaster risk trends at the community level. Profiles of physical exposure and hazard susceptibility described in this report are accompanied by open-source datasets that can be used to inform local and/or regional assessments of disaster risk, community planning and emergency management activities for all areas in Canada. Study outputs contribute to broader policy goals and objectives of the International Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2015-2030; Un General Assembly, 2015) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR 2015-2030; United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction [UNDRR], 2015), of which Canada is a contributing member. These include a more complete understanding of natural hazard risk at all levels of government, and the translation of this knowledge into actionable strategies that are effective in reducing intrinsic vulnerabilities of the built environment and in strengthening the capacity of communities to withstand and recover from future disaster events.
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Hague, Mathias, Michael Obanubi, Michael Shaw, and Geoff Tyler. The development impact of concessional finance to agri-business: a rapid evidence review. Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240191179.
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The provision of concessional finance has become an increasingly important tool to support enterprise development, especially where financial markets are underdeveloped. For the purposes of this research, concessional finance is defined as that which is extended on terms and/or conditions that are more favourable than those available from the market. This can be achieved, for example, via lower risk adjusted return expectations; terms and conditions that would not be accepted/extended by a commercial financial institution; and/or by providing financing to a borrower/recipient not otherwise served by commercial financing. Risk mitigation tools, guarantees and first-loss products are also included when they are provided on concessional terms. The Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) of the United Kingdom (UK) has committed funding to a range of concessional finance investors in the agriculture sector, including significant sums for the CDC Group (the UK's development finance institution), AgDevCo (a specialist agribusiness impact investor), the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP) Private Sector Window, and the Africa Enterprise Challenge Fund (AECF). FCDO also makes smaller contributions to more specialized institutions as well as collaborative interventions with other donors in the agriculture sector. These organizations cover the spectrum of investment themes, from close-to-market interest rates for more established businesses to long-term, low- or no-interest debt with packages of advisory support for early stage or highly innovative business models. They deploy a wide range of instruments, some funded, which includes all types of concessional debt and equity; and others unfunded, which covers risk mitigation tools, guarantees and first-loss products when they are provided on concessional terms. Implementing partners use different methods for monitoring and reporting the performance of the concessional funding provided by donors, using both customized measurement mechanisms or those based on more broadly accepted standards such as the Donor Committee for Enterprise Development (DCED). Research ranges from light touch human interest case studies to more formal longitudinal analysis using rigorous statistical survey methods. Academic institutions are increasingly contributing quality research, particularly to the assessment and understanding of development impact, often in partnership with impact investors. Donors themselves both directly engage in research but also provide the majority of the funding for evidence-based learning in both investors and academia. After more than a decade of concerted investment and innovation in the concessional finance space, particularly in sub Saharan Africa and South Asia, there is increasing interest in understanding whether these interventions are providing the development impacts expected and which financing tools and institutions are most effective for different types of farmer and or food market systems. These lessons will allow good practices to be replicated in future and implementation modalities to be improved to maximize development impact and financial performance.
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Travis, Amanda, Margaret Harvey, and Michelle Rickard. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Urinary Incontinence in Elementary School Aged Children. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0012.
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Purpose/Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have an impact on health throughout the lifespan (Filletti et al., 1999; Hughes et al., 2017). These experiences range from physical and mental abuse, substance abuse in the home, parental separation or loss, financial instability, acute illness or injury, witnessing violence in the home or community, and incarceration of family members (Hughes et al., 2017). Understanding and screening for ACEs in children with urinary incontinence can help practitioners identify psychological stress as a potentially modifiable risk factor. Methods: A 5-month chart review was performed identifying English speaking patients ages 6-11 years presenting to the outpatient urology office for an initial visit with a primary diagnosis of urinary incontinence. Charts were reviewed for documentation of individual or family risk factors for ACEs exposure, community risk factors for ACEs exposures, and records where no related documentation was included. Results: For the thirty-nine patients identified, no community risk factors were noted in the charts. Seventy-nine percent of patients had one or more individual or family risk factors documented. Implications for Nursing Practice This chart review indicates that a significant percentage of pediatric, school-aged patients presenting with urinary incontinence have exposure to ACEs. A formal assessment for ACEs at the time of initial presentation would be helpful to identify those at highest risk. References: Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. Am J Prev Med. 1998;14:245–258 Hughes, K., Bellis, M.A., Hardcastle, K.A., Sethi, D., Butchart, D., Mikton, C., Jones, L., Dunne, M.P. (2017) The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health, 2(8): e356–e366. Published online 2017 Jul 31.doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30118-4 Lai, H., Gardner, V., Vetter, J., & Andriole, G. L. (2015). Correlation between psychological stress levels and the severity of overactive bladder symptoms. BMC urology, 15, 14. doi:10.1186/s12894-015-0009-6
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Sett, Dominic, Florian Waldschmidt, Alvaro Rojas-Ferreira, Saut Sagala, Teresa Arce Mojica, Preeti Koirala, Patrick Sanady, et al. Climate and disaster risk analytics tool for adaptive social protection. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wnsg2302.
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Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) as discussed in this report is an approach to enhance the well-being of communities at risk. As an integrated approach, ASP builds on the interface of Disaster Risk Management (DRM), Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Social Protection (SP) to address interconnected risks by building resilience, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of traditionally sectoral approaches. The design of meaningful ASP measures needs to be informed by specific information on risk, risk drivers and impacts on communities at risk. In contrast, a limited understanding of risk and its drivers can potentially lead to maladaptation practices. Therefore, multidimensional risk assessments are vital for the successful implementation of ASP. Although many sectoral tools to assess risks exist, available integrated risk assessment methods across sectors are still inadequate in the context of ASP, presenting an important research and implementation gap. ASP is now gaining international momentum, making the timely development of a comprehensive risk analytics tool even more important, including in Indonesia, where nationwide implementation of ASP is currently under way. OBJECTIVE: To address this gap, this study explores the feasibility of a climate and disaster risk analytics tool for ASP (CADRAT-ASP), combining sectoral risk assessment in the context of ASP with a more comprehensive risk analytics approach. Risk analytics improve the understanding of risks by locating and quantifying the potential impacts of disasters. For example, the Economics of Climate Adaptation (ECA) framework quantifies probable current and expected future impacts of extreme events and determines the monetary cost and benefits of specific risk management and adaptation measures. Using the ECA framework, this report examines the viability and practicality of applying a quantitative risk analytics approach for non-financial and non-tangible assets that were identified as central to ASP. This quantitative approach helps to identify cost-effective interventions to support risk-informed decision making for ASP. Therefore, we used Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, as a case study, to identify potential entry points and examples for the further development and application of such an approach. METHODS & RESULTS: The report presents an analysis of central risks and related impacts on communities in the context of ASP. In addition, central social protection dimensions (SPD) necessary for the successful implementation of ASP and respective data needs from a theoretical perspective are identified. The application of the quantitative ECA framework is tested for tropical storms in the context of ASP, providing an operational perspective on technical feasibility. Finally, recommendations on further research for the potential application of a suitable ASP risk analytics tool in Indonesia are proposed. Results show that the ECA framework and its quantitative modelling platform CLIMADA successfully quantified the impact of tropical storms on four SPDs. These SPDs (income, access to health, access to education and mobility) were selected based on the results from the Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) conducted to support the development of an ASP roadmap for the Republic of Indonesia (UNU-EHS 2022, forthcoming). The SPDs were modelled using remote sensing, gridded data and available global indices. The results illustrate the value of the outcome to inform decision making and a better allocation of resources to deliver ASP to the case study area. RECOMMENDATIONS: This report highlights strong potential for the application of the ECA framework in the ASP context. The impact of extreme weather events on four social protection dimensions, ranging from access to health care and income to education and mobility, were successfully quantified. In addition, further developments of CADRAT-ASP can be envisaged to improve modelling results and uptake of this tool in ASP implementation. Recommendations are provided for four central themes: mainstreaming the CADRAT approach into ASP, data and information needs for the application of CADRAT-ASP, methodological advancements of the ECA framework to support ASP and use of CADRAT-ASP for improved resilience-building. Specific recommendations are given, including the integration of additional hazards, such as flood, drought or heatwaves, for a more comprehensive outlook on potential risks. This would provide a broader overview and allow for multi-hazard risk planning. In addition, high-resolution local data and stakeholder involvement can increase both ownership and the relevance of SPDs. Further recommendations include the development of a database and the inclusion of climate and socioeconomic scenarios in analyses.
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Mapping the extent to which performance-based financing (PBF) programs reflect quality, informed choice and voluntarism and implications for family planning services: A review of indicators. Population Council, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2018.1009.
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Expanding access to and use of voluntary family planning (FP) services is a well-established global health goal–it is a specific target under the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of good health and well-being, an integral component of Every Woman Every Child (EWEC), and the overall objective of the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) partnership, among other initiatives. | One promising approach for achieving global voluntary FP goals is performance-based financing (PBF), which deploys financial incentives to the health system to improve service availability, utilization, and quality as well as addressing some public financial management bottlenecks by directly targeting resources to facilities based on performance. | Setting global voluntary FP goals implies following a rights-based approach to family planning, which uses a set of standards and principles to guide program assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation that enables individuals and couples to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children, to have the information and services to do so, and to be treated equitably and free of discrimination. | While both PBF, which uses financial disbursements to incentivize health service delivery and quality, and rights-based programming have informed efforts to strengthen and scale FP services, there are gaps in understanding the linkages between PBF and a rights-based approach (RBA) to FP services. To address this gap, a review of PBF operations manuals was undertaken together with an analysis of PBF indicators relevant to FP services. This and another report (Mapping the extent to which performance-based financing (PBF) programs reflect quality, informed choice, and voluntarism and implications for family planning services: A review of PBF operational manuals) assess whether existing FP indicators are sensitive to the principles associated with an RBA.
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Mapping the extent to which performance-based financing (PBF) programs reflect quality, informed choice, and voluntarism and implications for family planning services: A review of PBF operational manuals. Population Council, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2018.1010.
Full textAbstract:
Expanding access to and use of voluntary family planning (FP) services is a well-established global health goal- it is a specific target under the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of good health and well-being, an integral component of Every Woman Every Child (EWEC), and the overall objective of the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) partnership, among other initiatives. | One promising approach for achieving global voluntary FP goals is performance-based financing (PBF), which deploys financial incentives to the health system to improve service availability, utilization, and quality as well as addressing some public financial management bottlenecks by directly targeting resources to facilities based on performance. | Setting global voluntary FP goals implies following a rights-based approach to family planning, which uses a set of standards and principles to guide program assessment, planning, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation that enables individuals and couples to decide freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children, to have the information and services to do so, and to be treated equitably and free of discrimination. | While both PBF, which uses financial disbursements to incentivize health service delivery and quality, and rights-based programming have informed efforts to strengthen and scale FP services, there are gaps in understanding the linkages between PBF and a rights-based approach (RBA) to FP services. To address this gap, a review of performance-based financing (PBF) operations manuals was undertaken together with an analysis of PBF indicators relevant to FP services. This and another report (Mapping the extent to which performance-based financing (PBF) programs reflect quality, informed choice and voluntarism and implications for family planning services: A review of indicators) assess whether existing FP indicators are sensitive to the principles associated with an RBA.