Relevant bibliographies by topics / Understanding of ground

Academic literature on the topic 'Understanding of ground'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Understanding of ground"

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Liebal, Kristin, Malinda Carpenter, and Michael Tomasello. "Young children's understanding of cultural common ground." British Journal of Developmental Psychology 31, no. 1 (May 30, 2012): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-835x.2012.02080.x.

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Gibbs, Raymond W., Rachel A. G. Mueller, and Robert W. Cox. "Common Ground in Asking and Understanding Questions." Language and Speech 31, no. 4 (October 1988): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002383098803100402.

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Baskerville, G. "Understanding Forest Management." Forestry Chronicle 62, no. 4 (August 1, 1986): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc62339-4.

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Silviculture alters the pattern of development in a stand so that the characteristics of a mature stand can be reached in less time than through natural development. Forest management is the control, or regulation, of the pattern of stages of stand development, across the area of the forest, and across time. On-the-ground management control is exercised by temporal and spatial regulation of harvesting, product recovery, silviculture, and protection. Good management is anticipation and correction of emerging structural problems in a specific forest so that the desired quantity and quality of benefits are available continuously. Goodness of management can only be judged in specific cases by comparing what is done on-the-ground against what is needed in a particular forest to achieve the desired goals.
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Xiao-gu, Zhang. "Physical Understanding of Helicopter Air and Ground Resonance." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 31, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.31.4.

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Xiao‐gu, Zhang. "Physical Understanding of Helicopter Air and Ground Resonance." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 31, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.31.4.4.

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Maston, Jason. "Christ or Adam: The Ground for Understanding Humanity." Journal of Theological Interpretation 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2017): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jtheointe.11.2.0277.

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ABSTRACT A common axiom of theological anthropology is that Jesus Christ is the revelation of true humanity and the ground for understanding humanity in general. This claim, however, is never stated outright in Scripture and arguably runs counter to the biblical narrative since the scriptural story begins with Adam and seems to present Adam as the model for humanity. In this study, I will argue that one does find in Paul a theological anthropology that begins with Christ, not Adam, or the Genesis creation narratives. This thesis will be demonstrated by tracing how Paul contrasts Adam and Christ and his discussion of who is the image of God.
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김연식. "Constitutional Understanding of Ground Water and Its Management." kangwon Law Review 49, no. ll (October 2016): 287–334. http://dx.doi.org/10.18215/kwlr.2016.49..287.

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Normile, D. "SEISMOLOGY: Quake Underscores Shaky Understanding of Ground Forces." Science 317, no. 5837 (July 27, 2007): 438a—439a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.317.5837.438a.

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Rohm, Andre, Benjamin Lingnau, and Kathy Ludge. "Understanding Ground-State Quenching in Quantum-Dot Lasers." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 51, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jqe.2014.2370793.

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Glynn, Pierre D., and L. Niel Plummer. "Geochemistry and the understanding of ground-water systems." Hydrogeology Journal 13, no. 1 (February 25, 2005): 263–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-004-0429-y.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Understanding of ground"

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Clemensen, Andrea K. "Understanding Plant Secondary Metabolites; Above and Below Ground." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7090.

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Plants naturally produce primary and secondary metabolites. Primary metabolites are directly involved with plant growth and metabolic function. Plant secondary metabolites (PSM) were once thought of as metabolic waste products, and more recently viewed as toxins to herbivores. However, ongoing research shows that PSM are beneficial to herbivores at low doses, and PSM aid plants by attracting pollinators, recovering from injury, protecting from ultraviolet radiation, increasing drought tolerance, and aid in defense against pathogens, diseases, and herbivores. Plant secondary metabolites also influence soil nutrient cycling, and can increase the sustainability of agroecosystems. Endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) , which contains ergovaline, and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.), containing gramine, were studied along with the legumes alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) which contains saponins, and tannin-containing sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). This dissertation researches (i) how planting configuration (monocultures vs. two-way mixtures) influences PSM and total N in plants, (ii) how cattle grazing forages containing PSM affects soil quality, nutrient cycling, and PSM, and (iii) how cattle manure from different diets, containing different PSM, influences soil nutrient cycling.
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Cherkauer, Keith Aric. "Understanding the hydrologic effects of frozen soil /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10164.

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Karstens, Christopher Daniel. "Improved understanding of near-ground winds in hurricanes and tornadoes." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1473223.

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Horton, Brian W. "Predicting common ground sequences from prosody, timing, friendship, and experience." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1174658582.

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Worthan, Shannon R. "Assessing the Impact of Information Channels on the Understanding of Ground Truth." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7433.

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It is important to understand the impact that the proliferation of information displays has on the warfighters ability to reason about, or make sense of, battlefield information. This research investigates how information sources at a tactical operations center (TOC) workstation affected a battle captains ability to understand and portray ground truth in a simulated battlefield scenario. Twelve active-duty officers with previous battle-captain experience were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Each group was exposed once to each source condition (two or six sources) and tactical scenario. A replicated prenetwork centric warfare (NCW) TOC workstation and modern digitally networked workstation were used for comparison. During each 40- minute battlefield scenario, participants provided situational reports (SITREPs), placed friendly and enemy unit symbols on the battlefield map, and provided perceived mental workload. The results of this research indicate that there is no difference for situational understanding between the modern battle captain workstation (six sources) and the legacy workstation (two sources), when the amount of information from the sources remains the same. Contrary to expectations, perceived mental workload using the two-source workstation is significantly higher than the six-source workstation. Results of this research could have implications for the design of future information system and networked workstations in TOCs.
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Liebal, Kristin. "Infants' and young children's understanding of common ground and markedness in communication." Leipzig Leipziger Univ.-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998767654/04.

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Beetham, Paul. "Enhancing the understanding of lime stabilisation processes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/19583.

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Lime stabilisation is a ground improvement technique used to improve the engineering properties of cohesive fill materials. During earthworks operations, specialist plant is used to rotovate the clay fill material and intermix lime binder around clay clods. After completion of the lime treatment, the layer is compacted in the usual way. Immediately after mixing, the lime instigate a series of physico-chemical reactions within the clay soil. Where the chemical reactions are favourable and with time after compaction (curing) the material becomes progressively stronger and durable to environmental influences, e.g. inundation by surface or ground water. However, where sulphate is present within the soil, the reactions may change and the ingress of water into the layer can result in the expansive growth of deleterious minerals e.g. ettringite. While sulphate swell issues are relatively rare, when they do occur the degree of expansion can be very high. A high profile sulphate swell failure developed during the construction of the M40, Oxford, UK in 1989. Over the winter period after the lime stabilisation works, a 250mm deep lime treated layer heaved by up to 150mm - destroying the overlying road construction. Since the M40 failure, a substantial amount of effort has been undertaken to better understand the sulphate swell reactions and in this regard the state of scientific knowledge is relatively strong. A fundamental issue for field applications of lime stabilisation is that the vast majority of research has been undertaken on laboratory specimens prepared using methods which do not reflect site practice. Laboratory studies often use oven dried and finely crushed clay, whereas site operations will treat much larger clay clods to result in a more heterogeneous distribution of lime through the compacted soil body. With large clay clods, the chemical reactants must migrate through clods and this may cause the sequence of chemical reactions to change. A further challenge is that laboratory studies are typically undertaken with cure temperatures of 20°C, whereas a typical near surface temperature in the UK is <10°C. This is of particular relevance to sulphate swell failures which are reported to coincide with a reduction in ambient temperature over winter periods. Thus, the direct relevance of laboratory studies to site application was unclear. A series of laboratory experiments using a preparation method which reflects field applications of lime stabilisation was used to investigate the influence of large clay clods on the durability of lime stabilised clay soil. This method was applied to both low and high sulphate clay soils. A fundamental discovery from work on low sulphate clay is that the addition of lime binder to the surface of the clay clods causes a physico-chemical boundary to form. This boundary develops due to the rapid increase to the plastic limit of the clay preventing adjacent clods from joining together during compaction. This causes the engineering properties of each individual clod to develop independent to its neighbours and for each clay clod to be separated by an inter-clod pore space. The strength of each individual clay clod will increase with curing as the added lime dissociates into Ca2+ and OH- and migrates to form C-S-H deep within the clods. Where the material is compacted wet of the optimum water content, this condition improves ion migration and enables development of diffuse cementation deep within clods. The inter-clod porosity remains as a weakness throughout curing especially during specimen soaking, where the pore channels comprise a pathway, accelerating the ingress of soaking water. With low sulphate soil, the soaking water softens the treated material, however, with high TPS soil substantial sulphate swelling may develop. Thus, efforts to minimise this porosity during preparation is important and the use of quicklime with longer mellowing periods can cause the clay clods to develop high strength before compaction. The high strength clods resist compaction and the degree of inter-clod porosity in the compacted mass increases, worsening specimen durability to water ingress. The investigations into high sulphate clays included the development of a Novel Swell Test (NST) to assess volume change. A unique aspect of the NST was that the sulphate swell response of the lime treated material was investigated at site realistic temperatures of 8°C. It was identified that, when compared with standard laboratory test temperatures of 20°C the rate of sulphate swell is substantially higher at the low temperature. The mineralogical testing has permitted the hypothesis that, at 8°C the growth of crystalline ettringite becomes slower and the ettringite precursor, which has a high affinity to imbibe water, remains in this state for much longer. Thus, laboratory swell tests at 20°C may substantially underestimate the degree of swell that may develop in the field. As a pressing need, it is recommended that the industry adapt sulphate swell test methods to appraise the degree of swell at field realistic temperatures i.e. < 10°C. The work also identifies that the primary defence against sulphate swell is to condition the fill so that the risk of post compaction water ingress, via inter-clod porosity, is minimised. The use of GGBS and water addition during extended mellowing periods also reduces the degree of sulphate swell in natural clay soils. This work concludes that working methods for lime stabilisation of medium high plasticity soils of a potentially high sulphate content, should be adapted to encourage diffuse cementation and minimise the degree of (post compaction) inter-clod porosity. Practically this involves the use of hydrated lime and the addition of mixing water throughout extended mellowing periods. Fundamentally, the study recommends that where construction programmes allow, the long term durability of a fill material should be the priority over immediate strength.
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Jones, Simon D. "Understanding large area tropical forest phenology using remotely sensed and ground data sources." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30405.

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Remotely sensed (spectral) phenological data has often been used to characterise and investigate tropical forest ecosystems. The basic assumptions, linking real (biological) and remotely sensed (spectral) phenology, have however rarely been scrutinised and little empirical information from synchronous datasets exists.;This research selected three tropical vegetation communities; each characterised by a different climate, biological phenology and each hypothesised to exhibit a differing spectral phenology. An extensive verification campaign was then initiated to collect phenological data from all three of these sites for an entire phenological cycle. The verification dataset comprised; forest structural parameters, meteorological measurements, litterfall weights, phenological observations (of leaf flushing, senescence and abscission), quantifications of canopy openness and LAI (using hemispherical photography and Ceptometry) and overpass-synchronous radiometry readings.;Large area (1 km2), remotely sensed spectral data was then acquired, for all sites, from the NOAA-14 AVHRR and ERS-2 ATSR-2 satellite sensor systems. An evaluation of the biological significance of the spectral phenological data as then undertaken using two basic methodologies. First, the ground verification data were compared to several commonly used spectral vegetation indices. Next, textural changes, in the spectral landscape, attributed to each verification site were assessed. At two of the monitored sites, spectral phenology was shown to have a strong physiological basis at the scale of the vegetation community. This was attributed to, the pronounced seasonality in the climate at these locations, and, the relative structural simplicity of the vegetation formations. At the third site (a structurally more complex, seasonally-inundated tropical forest) the association between biological and spectral phenology was less conclusive. Clearly further work is required before the scientific community can be certain that all temporal trends, derived from 1km spatial resolution image data, are providing accurate insights into the biological processes, of humid tropical forests, but in general the association between spectral and biological phenology is a strong one.
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Christie, Gordon A. "Collaborative Unmanned Air and Ground Vehicle Perception for Scene Understanding, Planning and GPS-denied Localization." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83807.

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Autonomous robot missions in unknown environments are challenging. In many cases, the systems involved are unable to use a priori information about the scene (e.g. road maps). This is especially true in disaster response scenarios, where existing maps are now out of date. Areas without GPS are another concern, especially when the involved systems are tasked with navigating a path planned by a remote base station. Scene understanding via robots' perception data (e.g. images) can greatly assist in overcoming these challenges. This dissertation makes three contributions that help overcome these challenges, where there is a focus on the application of autonomously searching for radiation sources with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and unmanned ground vehicles (UGV) in unknown and unstructured environments. The three main contributions of this dissertation are: (1) An approach to overcome the challenges associated with simultaneously trying to understand 2D and 3D information about the environment. (2) Algorithms and experiments involving scene understanding for real-world autonomous search tasks. The experiments involve a UAV and a UGV searching for potentially hazardous sources of radiation is an unknown environment. (3) An approach to the registration of a UGV in areas without GPS using 2D image data and 3D data, where localization is performed in an overhead map generated from imagery captured in the air.
Ph. D.
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Slettebak, John Andrew. "Professional practice and the middle ground : an understanding of order in participatory housing interventions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77688.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-62).
This paper argues that the professional involved with participatory housing interventions needs a new way to practice. The improvement of housing demands a constructive dialogue in a working context that defies rigid ways of solving problems. Meaningful contribution hinges on the professionals abilities to communicate in this unpredictable environment. The clear explanation of ideas and a willingness to develop them with others, requires a new understanding on which to base professional actions. The argument is built on two issues. A discussion of different ways to get things done explores the issue of order. Procedures and methods order decisions when goals are fixed and interests are easily managed. If these control s are not possible, an approach offers flexibility not found in more regular ways of ordering. The context that requires an approach is the second issue. This is the middle ground, where decisions are ordered by the participation of those involved. Change is assembled piecemeal, as participants meet, discuss and make informed decisions. Order and context are developed in the argument that follows. Housing is presented as a complex subject that avoids simple definition. It changes naturally over time; a characteristic that reflects the needs of users, but has proven a nemesis for those intervening. A brief history of intervention evaluates the housing order that has resulted. It is concluded that natural change requires those affected to also take part in making decisions. This participation means the sharing of control, a condition outside of the present norm. For housing interventions to be participatory, a new context must be recognised - the middle ground. The last section speculates on professional practice on the middle ground. In addition to traditional expertise, the professional must learn to support change. Interactions with a variety of participants require new skills that explain ideas legibly, and then facilitate their development with others. It is proposed that this new understanding is needed in participatory housing interventions.
by John Andrew Slettebak.
M.Arch.
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Books on the topic "Understanding of ground"

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D, O'Rourke Kevin, and Brodeur Dennis, eds. Medical ethics: Common ground for understanding. St. Louis, MO: Catholic Health Association of the United States, 1986.

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E, Bailey Paul, and Ward William D. 1960-, eds. Understanding ground-water contamination: An orientation manual. New York, N.Y: Executive Enterprises Publications, 1990.

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An ear to the ground: Understanding your garden. London: Eden Project, 2008.

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Nkaké, Lucie-Mami Noor. Ed ucation for international understanding: An idea gaining ground. Geneva, Switzerland: International Bureau of Education, 1996.

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Spellmeyer, Kurt. Common ground: Dialogue, understanding, and the teaching of composition. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1993.

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Tribble, Gordon W. Ground water on tropical Pacific Islands: Understanding a vital resource. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2008.

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Tribble, Gordon W. Ground water on tropical Pacific Islands: Understanding a vital resource. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2008.

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Tribble, Gordon W. Ground water on tropical Pacific Islands: Understanding a vital resource. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2008.

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Tribble, Gordon W. Ground water on tropical Pacific Islands: Understanding a vital resource. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2008.

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Re-thinking pain: A ground-breaking guide to understanding & healing pain. Kearney, NE: Morris Pub., 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Understanding of ground"

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Sherman, Ann, and Leo Macdonald. "The Challenge of Understanding Young Learners’ Experiences in Informal Settings/Contexts." In New Ground, 153–66. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-022-2_9.

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Charco, María, and Pedro Galán del Sastre. "Finite Element Numerical Solution for Modelling Ground Deformation in Volcanic Areas." In Understanding Complex Systems, 223–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20853-9_16.

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Swidler, Leonard. "The Dialogue Decalogue: Ground Rules for Interreligious, Interideological Dialogue." In Dialogue for Interreligious Understanding, 47–51. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137470690_6.

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Rinfret, Sara R., and Michelle C. Pautz. "Understanding Environmental Policy from the Ground up." In US Environmental Policy in Action, 203–16. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137482082_9.

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Pagé, Christian. "Understanding Aviation Meteorology and Weather Hazards with Ground-Based Observations." In Integrated Ground-Based Observing Systems, 161–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12968-1_9.

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Rajeev, Meenakshi, and B. P. Vani. "Understanding Financial Exclusion from the Ground: Survey Methods." In SpringerBriefs in Economics, 53–63. New Delhi: Springer India, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3712-9_5.

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Groll, Michael, Christian Opp, Oleg Semenov, Gulnura Issanova, and Alexander Shapov. "Ground-Based Dust Deposition Monitoring in the Aral Sea Basin." In Advances in Understanding Soil Degradation, 229–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85682-3_9.

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Gregg, William O. "The Power of Finding Common Ground: “A Common Word” and the Invitation to Understanding." In Muslim and Christian Understanding, 29–35. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230114401_4.

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Aizawa, Kenneth, and Carl Gillett. "Introduction: Vertical Relations in Science, Philosophy, and the World: Understanding the New Debates over Verticality1." In Scientific Composition and Metaphysical Ground, 1–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56216-6_1.

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Swidler, Leonard. "The Deep-Dialogue Decalogue: Ground Rules of Personal/Communal Deep-Dialogue/Critical-Thinking/Emotional-Intelligence/Competitive-Cooperation." In Dialogue for Interreligious Understanding, 61–68. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137470690_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Understanding of ground"

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Hedding, Roger, and Sethuraman Ganesan. "Understanding transmission system ground fault protection." In 2009 62nd Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2009.4982522.

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Kopot’, Liliya V. "Literary Discourse As A Ground For Ethtnic Identity Realization." In Dialogue of Cultures - Culture of Dialogue: from Conflicting to Understanding. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.11.03.44.

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Klingerman, Nathan, Dale Finney, Satish Samineni, Normann Fischer, and Derrick Haas. "Understanding generator stator ground faults and their protection schemes." In 2016 69th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2016.7914921.

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Potvin, Yves, and Johan Wesseloo. "Towards an understanding of dynamic demand on ground support." In Seventh International Symposium on Ground Support in Mining and Underground Construction. Australian Centre for Geomechanics, Perth, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36487/acg_rep/1304_18_potvin.

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Harborne, Daniel, Ramya Raghavendra, Chris Willis, Supriyo Chakraborty, Alun Preece, Pranita Dewan, Mudhakar Srivatsa, and Ricahrd Tomsett. "Reasoning and learning services for coalition situational understanding." In Ground/Air Multisensor Interoperability, Integration, and Networking for Persistent ISR IX, edited by Tien Pham, Michael A. Kolodny, and Dietrich M. Wiegmann. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2307009.

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Heroux, P., E. Barbu, S. Adam, and E. Trupin. "Automatic Ground-truth Generation for Document Image Analysis and Understanding." In Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2007.4378755.

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Bramson, Ali M. "Understanding water ice on Mars using orbital ground-penetrating radar." In 18th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar, Golden, Colorado, 14–19 June 2020. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/gpr2020-107.1.

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Chung, Hoon, Yun Kyung Lee, and Jeon Gue Park. "Ground truth estimation of spoken english fluency score using decorrelation penalized low-rank matrix factorization." In 2017 IEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Workshop (ASRU). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asru.2017.8268970.

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Burtscher, Leonard, Ioannis Politopoulos, Sergio Fernández-Acosta, Tibor Agocs, Mario van den Ancker, Roy van Boekel, Bernhard Brandl, et al. "Towards a physical understanding of the thermal background in large ground-based telescopes." In Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, edited by Christopher J. Evans, Julia J. Bryant, and Kentaro Motohara. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2576271.

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Rubio-Cidre, Gorka, Carlos Rodriguez, Mario Ramirez-Torres, Jesus Grajal, and Oscar Rubinos. "Understanding cloud dynamics using a ground-based radar at 94 GHz." In 2017 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf17). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2017.7944375.

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Reports on the topic "Understanding of ground"

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Haraldsen, Jason T. Understanding the magnetic ground states for improper multiferroic materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1073745.

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Kong, Q. Understanding the Seismic Ground Motion Spatial Variability Using Network Analysis Community Detection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1860919.

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Rodgers, A., H. Tkalcic, and D. McCallen. Understanding Ground Motion in Las Vegas: Insights from Data Analysis and Two-Dimensional Modeling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15013918.

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Day, Frank P. Advancing Understanding of the Role of Belowground Processes in Terrestrial Carbon Sinks trhrough Ground-Penetrating Radar. Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1169390.

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5

Luckey, R. R., P. Tucci, C. C. Faunt, and E. M. Ervin. Status of understanding of the saturated-zone ground-water flow system at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, as of 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/437703.

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Gregor, Nicholas, Kofi Addo, Linda Al Atik, Gail Atkinson, David Boore, Yousef Bozorgnia, Kenneth Campbell, et al. Comparison of NGA-Sub Ground-Motion Models. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ubdv7944.

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Ground-motion models (GMMs) for subduction earthquakes recently developed as part of the NGA-Subduction (NGA-Sub) project are compared in this report. The three models presented in this comparison report are documented in their respective PEER reports. Two of the models are developed for a global version and as well regionalized models. The third model is developed based on earthquakes contain in the NGA-Sub dataset only from Japan and as such is applicable for Japan. As part of the comparisons presented in this report, deterministic calculations are provided for the global and regional cases amongst the models. The digital values and additional plots from these deterministic comparisons are provided as part of the electronic supplement for this report. In addition, ground-motion estimates are provided for currently published subduction GMMs. Two example probabilistic seismic hazard analysis calculations are also presented for two sites located in the Pacific Northwest Region in the state of Washington. Based on the limited comparisons presented in this report, a general understanding of these new GMMs can be appreciated with the expectation that the implementation for a specific seismic hazard study should incorporate similar and additional comparisons and sensitivity studies similar to the ones presented in this report.
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Wolfe, S. A., H. B. O'Neill, C. Duchesne, D. Froese, J M Young, and S. V. Kokelj. Ground ice degradation and thermokarst terrain formation in Canada over the past 16 000 years. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329668.

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Thermokarst results from thawing of excess ground ice in permafrost sediments. Thermokarst processes and landforms are controlled by ground ice type, amount and distribution, as well as the patterns of ground ice loss over time. Recent acceleration of varied thermokarst processes across diverse Canadian permafrost terrains make for a challenging task in predicting landscape-scale thaw trajectories. Using existing ground ice models, we examined the modelled amounts and spatial extent of ground ice loss relative to ground ice maxima in the last ca. 16 ka BP for relict, segregated and wedge ice. We relate observed thermokarst features to the nature of ground ice development and loss in different environments (cold continuous permafrost, discontinuous permafrost, and no current permafrost). In cold, continuous permafrost areas where ground ice loss has been limited over the last 16 ka BP, thermokarst processes include active layer detachments and slumps in segregated and relict ice, gullying and ponding in ice wedge troughs, and the cyclical development of shallow thermokarst ponds in segregated ice. With ground ice loss in discontinuous permafrost, thermokarst processes are wide-ranging. Slumps, subsidence, and collapse of lithalsas, palsas and peat plateaus occur from thawing of segregated ice, thermokarst ponds from melting wedge and segregated ice, and involuted terrain from melting and creep of relict or segregated ice. In former permafrost terrain, evidence of thermokarst includes former ice wedge polygons, collapsed lithalsas, and irregular hummocky terrain. The relations between modelled ground ice loss and observed thermokarst landscapes assist in understanding present-day processes and in predicting future thermokarst landform evolution with a changing climate.
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Joel, Daniel M., Steven J. Knapp, and Yaakov Tadmor. Genomic Approaches for Understanding Virulence and Resistance in the Sunflower-Orobanche Host-Parasite Interaction. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592655.bard.

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Oroginal Objectives: (i) identify DNA markers linked to the avirulence (Avr) locus and locate the Avr locus through genetic mapping with an inter-race Orobanche cumana population; (ii) develop high-throughput fingerprint DNA markers for genotypingO. cumana races; (iii) identify nucleotide binding domain leucine rich repeat (NB-LRR) genes encoding R proteins conferring resistance to O. cumana in sunflower; (iv) increase the resolution of the chromosomal segment harboring Or₅ and related R genes through genetic and physical mapping in previously and newly developed mapping populations of sunflower; and (v) develop high-throughput DNA markers for rapidly and efficiently identifying and transferring sunflower R genes through marker-assisted selection. Revisions made during the course of project: Following changes in O. cumana race distribution in Israel, the newly arrived virulent race H was chosen for further analysis. HA412-HO, which was primarily chosen as a susceptible sunflower cultivar, was more resistant to the new parasite populations than var. Shemesh, thus we shifted sunflower research into analyzing the resistance of HA412-HO. We exceeded the deliverables for Objectives #3-5 by securing funding for complete physical and high-density genetic mapping of the sunflower genome, in addition to producing a complete draft sequence of the sunflower genome. We discovered limited diversity between the parents of the O. cumana population developed for the mapping study. Hence, the developed DNA marker resources were insufficient to support genetic map construction. This objective was beyond the scale and scope of the funding. This objective is challenging enough to be the entire focus of follow up studies. Background to the topic: O. cumana, an obligate parasitic weed, is one of the most economically important and damaging diseases of sunflower, causes significant yield losses in susceptible genotypes, and threatens production in Israel and many other countries. Breeding for resistance has been crucial for protecting sunflower from O. cumana, and problematic because new races of the pathogen continually emerge, necessitating discovery and deployment of new R genes. The process is challenging because of the uncertainty in identifying races in a genetically diverse parasite. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: We developed a small collection of SSR markers for genetic mapping in O. cumana and completed a diversity study to lay the ground for objective #1. Because DNA sequencing and SNPgenotyping technology dramatically advanced during the course of the study, we recommend shifting future work to SNP discovery and mapping using array-based approaches, instead of SSR markers. We completed a pilot study using a 96-SNP array, but it was not large enough to support genetic mapping in O.cumana. The development of further SNPs was beyond the scope of the grant. However, the collection of SSR markers was ideal for genetic diversity analysis, which indicated that O. cumanapopulations in Israel considerably differ frompopulations in other Mediterranean countries. We supplied physical and genetic mapping resources for identifying R-genes in sunflower responsible for resistance to O. cumana. Several thousand mapped SNP markers and a complete draft of the sunflower genome sequence are powerful tools for identifying additional candidate genes and understanding the genomic architecture of O. cumana-resistanceanddisease-resistance genes. Implications: The OrobancheSSR markers have utility in sunflower breeding and genetics programs, as well as a tool for understanding the heterogeneity of races in the field and for geographically mapping of pathotypes.The segregating populations of both Orobanche and sunflower hybrids are now available for QTL analyses.
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Goldman, Dana, and Darius Lakdawalla. Understanding Health Disparities Across Education Groups. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8328.

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Weinschenk, Craig, Keith Stakes, and Robin Zevotek. Impact of Fire Attack Utilizing Interior and Exterior Streams on Firefighter Safety and Occupant Survival: Water Mapping. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/nevx1787.

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As research continues into how fire department interventions affect fire dynamics in the modern fire environment; questions continue to arise on the impact and implications of interior versus exterior fire attack on both firefighter safety and occupant survivability. Previous research into various types of fire ground ventilation, flow paths, and exterior fire streams has provided the fire service with an increased understanding of fire dynamics. However, in some instances, the information from the studies may not support current, experienced-based practices. This gap between the research to date and the fire ground suppression experience has driven the need for further study. Therefore, research into the various methods of fire attack will allow a broader understanding of how firefighter interventions on the fire ground can impact the outcome of both life safety and property protection. This study will build upon the fire research conducted to date by analyzing how firefighting tactics, specifically different fire suppression tools and tactics, affect the thermal exposure and survivability of both firefighters and building occupants and affect fire behavior in structures. The purpose of this study is to improve firefighter safety, fireground tactics, and the knowledge of fire dynamics by providing the fire service with scientific information, developed from water flow and full-scale fire testing, in representative single-family homes. The project will be comprised of 3 parts: • Part I: Water Distribution • Part II: Air Entrainment • Part III: Full-Scale Residential Fire Experiments This report details the results and analysis from the water distribution experiments. These tests were conducted without the presence of fire to gain a fundamental understanding of water flows into compartments. Each test was designed to quantify water distribution within a compartment by evaluating the differences caused by various application methods, hose stream types, nozzle movements, pressures/flow rates, stream locations and elevation angles.
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