Academic literature on the topic 'Understanding New Zealand’s past'
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Journal articles on the topic "Understanding New Zealand’s past"
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Seersholm, Frederik V., Theresa L. Cole, Alicia Grealy, Nicolas J. Rawlence, Karen Greig, Michael Knapp, Michael Stat, et al. "Subsistence practices, past biodiversity, and anthropogenic impacts revealed by New Zealand-wide ancient DNA survey." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 30 (July 9, 2018): 7771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803573115.
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New Zealand’s geographic isolation, lack of native terrestrial mammals, and Gondwanan origins make it an ideal location to study evolutionary processes. However, since the archipelago was first settled by humans 750 y ago, its unique biodiversity has been under pressure, and today an estimated 49% of the terrestrial avifauna is extinct. Current efforts to conserve the remaining fauna rely on a better understanding of the composition of past ecosystems, as well as the causes and timing of past extinctions. The exact temporal and spatial dynamics of New Zealand’s extinct fauna, however, can be difficult to interpret, as only a small proportion of animals are preserved as morphologically identifiable fossils. Here, we conduct a large-scale genetic survey of subfossil bone assemblages to elucidate the impact of humans on the environment in New Zealand. By genetically identifying more than 5,000 nondiagnostic bone fragments from archaeological and paleontological sites, we reconstruct a rich faunal record of 110 species of birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and marine mammals. We report evidence of five whale species rarely reported from New Zealand archaeological middens and characterize extinct lineages of leiopelmatid frog (Leiopelma sp.) and kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus) haplotypes lost from the gene pool. Taken together, this molecular audit of New Zealand’s subfossil record not only contributes to our understanding of past biodiversity and precontact Māori subsistence practices but also provides a more nuanced snapshot of anthropogenic impacts on native fauna after first human arrival.
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Neill, Lindsay, Nigel Hemmington, and Andrew Emery. "Terror in Christchurch: Here comes the ‘Peace Train’." Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 8, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajpc_00002_1.
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On 15 March 2019, a white supremacist gunman shot dead 50 Muslim worshippers at two mosques in Christchurch, Aotearoa, New Zealand. His actions changed forever the safe haven known as ‘God’s Own’. New Zealanders were shocked that such an event had happened here. Many Kiwis believed the nation to be safe, given its geographic isolation from the terrorist targets of Europe and the United States of America. However, the atrocity has exposed an unhealthy underbelly that has long permeated New Zealand’s socio-culture. Racism and discrimination have forefronted ensuing conversations. This article explores the nation’s history of discrimination preceding the terrorist attack. In doing so, we expose something subtly denied: that New Zealand is not the egalitarian land of milk and honey that many Kiwis believed it to be. We suggest that the terrorist attack not only highlighted the nation’s discrimination but also provided its liminal moment. Part of that liminality was Cat/Yusuf Steven’s performance, in Christchurch, of ‘Peace Train’. We compound our exploration of Aotearoa New Zealand’s history of discrimination by asking how the lyrics of ‘Peace Train’ provide a way to view our past and provide an opportunity to perceive a way forward for the nation, given the tragedy of terrorism. We suggest that ‘Peace Train’ is a metaphorical illumination of the nation’s liminality, and that it provided a road map of unity that helped to guide many Kiwis in understanding and coming to terms with not only what had happened but also a future view of how Kiwis might see themselves.
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Hart, A. W. "NEW ZEALAND’S TARANAKI BASIN: GIANTS IN THE GRABEN?" APPEA Journal 42, no. 1 (2002): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01018.
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During the past 50 years of utilising modern techniques in New Zealand’s Taranaki Basin, explorers have both been rewarded by its bountiful accumulations and frustrated by its complicated morphology. Numerous superimposed sub-basins, depocentres, areas of uplift, interbedded volcanic edifices and recent volcanism contribute to the complexity of New Zealand’s only producing province. Exploration has been successful along the flanks of the basin, but the time has come to focus on the numerous grabens forming the Taranaki Basin.The basin is a Late Cretaceous rift more than twice the size of the North Sea’s prolific Viking graben, but only 120 wildcats have been drilled since 1955, with only 50 offshore. Horst, tilted fault block, inversion features and thrust anticlines have been the traditional targets, but companies are showing increased interest in relatively more difficult plays involving turbiditic, volcaniclastic and diagenetic reservoirs.The axis of the 6,000 km2 Northern Taranaki graben, the northern part of the Taranaki Basin, has not been penetrated by the drill bit and offers numerous exploration opportunities for basin floor and slope fans of Eocene and Miocene age. Acoustic scattering, diffraction and absorption within a chain of buried Miocene stratovolcanoes inhibit seismic energy from passing into the older sequences, which consist of numerous basin floor fan sequences. Long avoided by exploration programs, volcanic edifices were found to possess good reservoir characteristics and entrap hydrocarbons at Kora–1. The 7000+ km3 of layered extrusive volcanic rock in the graben cannot therefore be discounted as potential reservoir. Another play developed by Miocene magmatism is the doming of potential turbidite reservoirs by underlying igneous feeder dyke systems. In addition, the wells drilled at Kora identified a more elusive play concept—that of potentially large petroleum accumulations stratigraphically trapped downdip from diagenetically altered reservoirs, serving as sealing lithologies, near the igneous feeder dyke systems.As most seismic records in the Northern Taranaki graben were acquired more than a decade ago, modern seismic acquisition and processing technologies are needed to penetrate the buried volcanic edifices and unlock the basin’s story. A better understanding of the basin’s complexities, more cost-effective drilling techniques and a willingness to explore for targets in the source kitchens may finally expose the true potential of the Taranaki Basin.
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Jiancheng, Zheng. "Chinese New Zealanders in Aotearoa: Media consumption and political engagement." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 28, no. 1 & 2 (July 31, 2022): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v28i1and2.1220.
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This article outlines work in progress on project concerning interactions between the Chinese community in New Zealand, ethnic Chinese media, mainstream English language media, particularly around the New Zealand 2020 general election. A wealth of past research has discussed ethnic Chinese language media in New Zealand, the Chinese diaspora, and general elections. This study will go beyond previous research to include mainstream English language media as part of the media resources available to Chinese New Zealanders considering participating as voters in general elections. For Chinese New Zealanders, understanding the diversity of media in New Zealand is likely to have a positive effect on their voting decisions, and encourage more thinking about government policies.
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Kemper, Joya, and Ann-Marie Kennedy. "Evaluating Social Marketing Messages in New Zealand’s Like Minds Campaign and Its Effect on Stigma." Social Marketing Quarterly 27, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15245004211005828.
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Background: A key objective of government and social marketers is to remove the institutionalized stigma of mental illness, increasing mental health service uptake. While research has evaluated past campaigns based on changes in attitudes and beliefs, very little research has examined the communication messages used in social marketing campaigns. Focus of the Article: This impact evaluation research identifies the institutionalized cultural-moral norms incorporated into New Zealand’s Like Minds mental health advertisements and examines how attitudes and beliefs changed over time in response to these norms. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: This research offers a new approach to social marketing evaluation and demonstrates the importance of consistent incorporation of cultural-moral institutional norms in social marketing campaigns. Method: Using macro-social marketing theory, thematic analysis is used to identify the cultural-moral institutional norms in the Like Minds campaign advertisements over a 10-year period (2002–2012). Results: The Like Minds campaign was found to have multiple cultural-moral institutional norms, such as Mental illness as a villain, Personal responsibility, and Inherent human dignity, as well as utilizing two different institutionalization processes of Socialization and Identity Formation. However, these norms were inconsistently and sometimes contradictorily presented and as a result, not all changes in mental health stigma beliefs and attitudes show long term change. Rates for service uptake also had mixed results during the campaign duration, though overall an increase in uptake was found. Recommendations for Research and Practice: The research highlights the importance of understanding the underlying institutionalized cultural-moral norms presented in communications and aligning those with the overall objectives of a social marketing campaign. Limitations: Like Minds campaign phases 2 to 5 are analyzed, phase 1 was inaccessible for analysis and advertisements after 2012 are not analyzed.
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Garbett, Dawn, and Belinda R. Yourn. "Student Teacher Knowledge: Knowing and Understanding Subject Matter in the New Zealand Context." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 27, no. 3 (September 2002): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693910202700302.
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In the past few decades there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of early childhood education in New Zealand. Concomitant with this has been the move towards professionalising the early childhood sector through a national curriculum and increased expectations for its practitioners. This paper examines issues relating to the changing role of early childhood teachers as they manage the implementation of the New Zealand curriculum. There is no consensus about what makes up the professional knowledge base for early childhood educators. This paper explores the nature of professional knowledge and suggests that subject matter knowledge may be more important than previously recognised for early childhood educators.
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Ongley, Patrick. "Class in New Zealand." Counterfutures 1 (March 1, 2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/cf.v1i0.6442.
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In the wake of the global financial crisis and amidst a tide of concern about inequality, now is an opportune time to revisit the topic of class. It is conspicuously absent from most of the discourse surrounding the current state of capitalism and its iniquities, but it is critical to a full understanding of them. In New Zealand, we have always tended to shy away from talk of class, but like all capitalist societies this is a class society, and we are all connected to and divided from others by class relations. Class also connects our present to our past and future, playing key roles in the periodic economic and social transformations shaping our history. New Zealand has been through at least three such transitions, which have all involved significant shifts in class relations and class structures. At this current uncertain juncture in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, we may have the opportunity to forge another transformation.
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Yeoman, Ian, and Una McMahon‐Beattie. "New Zealand's future: the potential for knitting tourism." Journal of Tourism Futures 1, no. 2 (March 16, 2015): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-12-2014-0004.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of why the phenomena of knitting is important in society and an explanation of the underlying currents for tourism. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a futurist's observations and reflections. Findings Why is knitting making a comeback? Consumers are shutting the door on the world and cocooning thus returning to the world of crafts and hobbies as a way to seek enjoyment. An interest in authenticity and the past as an escape from the present. Single people looking for something to do in an urban world, thus some consumers have turned to knitting. Today, the authors are seeing niche holiday providers offering knitting cruises, knitting escapes and knitting adventures. For New Zealand the home Merrino wool knitting tourism has the potential to be bigger than bungy jumping (some would say). Originality/value The trends paper provides an insight of the key trends from a societal perspective of what knitting means and its manifestation as a tourism experience. The value to operators is understanding those trends in context of why the phenomena is occurring.
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Thorn, Vanessa C. "New Zealand sub-Antarctic phytoliths and their potential for past vegetation reconstruction." Antarctic Science 20, no. 1 (October 26, 2007): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102007000727.
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AbstractPhytoliths in the modern vegetation of sub-Antarctic Campbell Island are compared with those in the soil beneath to assess the accuracy of vegetation reconstructions made from dispersed phytolith assemblages. The soil phytoliths alone suggest the source vegetation is a grassland association for all study sites, which reflects none of the herb, fern or shrub component of the overlying vegetation. It is concluded that at this locality dispersed phytoliths on their own are not reliable indicators of source vegetation and should be used with caution in this context for palaeoecological studies. However, they can provide useful botanical information where all other organic material is absent. With further research, based on the abundance and diversity of Poaceae phytoliths observed in this and other studies, dispersed phytoliths from the fossil record have the potential to contribute significantly to the understanding of grassland ecosystem development in the geological past.
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Forster. "He Tātai Whenua: Environmental Genealogies." Genealogy 3, no. 3 (July 19, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3030042.
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Whakapapa, an indigenous form of genealogy of the Māori people of Aotearoa New Zealand, is a powerful tool for understanding social phenomena. In this paper, the environmental histories of Aotearoa New Zealand are converted to whakapapa/genealogical sequences and kōrero tuku iho/narratives derived from whakapapa, to demonstrate this explanatory power. It is argued that whakapapa is much more than a method for mapping kinship relationships. Whakapapa enables vast amounts of information to be collated and analysed, to reveal a multitude of narratives. It also facilitates a critique of indigenous rights issues, revealing Māori agendas for environmental management. Therefore, the whakapapa sequences and narratives created as part of this paper provide an understanding that is not restricted to the grand narrative or the past as whakapapa is never-ending, dynamic, fluid and future-focused.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Understanding New Zealand’s past"
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Day, (nee Alexander) Kate. "Social responsibility in New Zealand’s offshore supply chains: What would it take to contribute towards improved labour conditions in China?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Social and Political Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7090.
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New Zealand initiatives to address supply-chain labour conditions are tending towards reliance on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), a form of private regulation. This thesis explores the effectiveness of private regulation for improving labour conditions, and reasons for its emergence, using the case study of the New Zealand-China relationship. It is argued that CSR brings only cosmetic improvements to a minority of workers in China. It is no replacement for strengthened law enforcement and organisation of workers for affecting significant improvements. CSR can also undermine improvements, and should be approached with caution. The trend towards CSR in New Zealand can be explained by businesses‘ gradually-increasing need and capacity to defend and pursue competitive advantage. However, the trend is best explained as a result of the constraints and power imbalances resulting from the neoliberal political context. For New Zealand to make a genuine commitment to social responsibility would require a shift in power, to groups that will challenge existing constraints and demand explicit action from the Government. It would also require New Zealand consumers and businesses to assume a greater share of the true costs of production. For New Zealand to contribute to improved labour conditions in China would require greater support for the Chinese labour movement and state enforcement. This support could take the form of increased cooperation, highlighting non-compliances, union collaboration and development aid.
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Finn, Janet Elizabeth Frances. "Understanding past environmental change in New Guinea: utility and problems of diatom sequences from freshwater lakes." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150839.
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The rapid response of diatoms to environmental change is studied in palaeoenvironmental contexts in tropical New Guinea where diatom studies are in an embryonic stage. Previous palaeoenvironmental analyses were from Lake Waigani, near Port Moresby. In this thesis four New Guinea lakes, Aguai Ramata, Lake Kutubu, Lake Wanum and Lake Waigani, are analysed. Results show that changing water levels appear to affect the diatom assemblage responses from Aguai Ramata and Lake Kutubu. Complex ecological changes such as responses to modern pollution, nitrogen levels and aquatic vegetation cover are seen in Lake Waigani. Low diatom counts limit the palaeoenvironmental interpretatations from Lake Wanum. The controlling factors for water levels appear to be climate, (particularly precipitation and evaporation), tectonic events (earthquakes and tephra falls from volcanic eruptions) and anthropogenic input (within the lake itself and from the catchment), where land clearing (especially slash and burn in this region) can result in erosional infill and changes in water depth, water turbidity and water chemistry.
Short term climatic events such as El Nino and La Nina (ENSO) are not recorded within the sample resolution but slight hints of long-term changes in the diatom records possibly suggest regional climate variation. Further analysis is needed. Tephra is seen in the sedimentary record but there is only one example where an associated diatom assemblage change is seen. The diatom analyses did not establish disturbance of the sediments from earthquakes. Anthropogenic change has been identified in diatom response, particularly at Lake Waigani, where there has been heavy pollution of the lake since 1965, and in Lake Kutubu opposite a sago garden. Another core from this lake tentatively shows disturbance from the development of the infrastructure associated with oil and gas field developments over the past twenty years. Further observation and analyses are needed. When using a single source of data, such as diatoms, specific sources of environmental change are often difficult to identify for they may overlap and mask each other. These problems can be ameliorated by the combined use of different proxies whereby their combined distinctive responses to their environments can potentially clarify interpretations.
The diatom analyses from the four lakes have shown there are excellent prospects for the extension of future diatom analyses to a wide range of New Guinea lakes, the vast majority of which have still to be visited by scientists. Potentially, their long histories and baseline measurements derived from sedimentary cores can contribute to future interpretations of the complex New Guinea palaeoenvironments and changing ecological patterns.
In this preliminary study it is clear that no single regional influence has altered lake trajectories. All sites are individual and respond to change in the Holocene in unrelated ways. However, the histories provide a sensitive measure of local change and response that might be linked to other proxies in the future such as isotopes and chemical signatures.
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Oberlander, Elizabeth M. "Understanding and predicting multitasking performance using non-cognitive variables addressing issues in past research and developing a new measure of individual polychronicity /." Diss., 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1601147251&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3552&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textBooks on the topic "Understanding New Zealand’s past"
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Fagan, Brian M. New treasures of the past: Fresh finds that deepen our understanding of the archaeology of man. London: Guild, 1988.
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Fagan, Brian M. New treasures of the past: Fresh finds that deepen our understanding of the archaeology of man. London: Grange, 1992.
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Fagan, Brian M. New treasures of the past: Fresh finds that deepen our understanding of the archaeology of man. New York: Barron's, 1987.
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New treasures of the past: Fresh finds that deepen our understanding of the archaeology of man. Leicester [England]: Windward, 1987.
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New Hampshire Symposium on the German Democratic Republic (18th 1992 World Fellowship Center). Understanding the past, managing the future: The integration of the five new Länder into the Federal Republic of Germany : selected papers from the eighteenth New Hampshire Symposium. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 1994.
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Satarova, Lyudmila, Natal'ya Styuflyaeva, Liliya Shkurat, Nataliya Grechushkina, Natal'ya Uglova, Natal'ya Nikol'skaya, Ol'ga Golotvina, Oksana Grigorova, and Elena Popova. The artistic world of M.A. Sholokhov: a new context of understanding. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1214582.
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The textbook discusses the current problems of modern scholastic studies, due to the new general cultural context that has developed over the past decades. The problem of the identity of the resurgent Cossacks is revealed depending on its adequate perception and development of the historical and cultural heritage of the past, drawing lessons from it. The work of M.A. Sholokhov is presented as part of the Russian world, which arose on the basis of traditional Orthodox Christian values.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is addressed to philology students, university teachers, Cossack and cadet classes, graduate students, undergraduates, students of humanities faculties, teachers of literature, as well as anyone interested in the history and culture of the Cossacks.
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S, Weigend Andreas, and Gershenfeld Neil A, eds. Time series prediction: Forecasting the future and understanding the past : proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Comparative Time Series Analysis, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, May 14-17, 1992. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., 1994.
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Kalas, Gregor, and Ann Dijk, eds. Urban Developments in Late Antique and Medieval Rome. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989085.
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A narrative of decline punctuated by periods of renewal has long structured perceptions of Rome’s late antique and medieval history. In their probing contributions to this volume, a multi-disciplinary group of scholars provides alternative approaches to understanding the period. Addressing developments in governance, ceremony, literature, art, music, clerical education and the construction of the city’s identity, the essays examine how a variety of actors, from poets to popes, productively addressed the intermittent crises and shifting dynamics of these centuries in ways that bolstered the city’s resilience. Without denying that the past (both pre-Christian and Christian) consistently remained a powerful touchstone, the studies in this volume offer rich new insights into the myriad ways that Romans, between the fifth and the eleventh centuries, creatively assimilated the past as they shaped their future.
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Nigro, Giampiero, ed. Disuguaglianza economica nelle società preindustriali: cause ed effetti / Economic inequality in pre-industrial societies: causes and effect. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-053-5.
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In contrast to the debates of the past, which focused mainly on income inequality and the related elements of injustice, the recent interest in economic inequality focuses on its effects on economic growth and social development. New research is an important element of these recent debates: a historical approach that contextualizes inequality with reference to social relations, institutions, access to power and its cultural legitimacy can facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to inequality and its effects.
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Kidman, Joanna, Vincent O'Malley, Liana MacDonald, Tom Roa, and Keziah Wallis. Fragments from a Contested Past: Remembrance, Denial and New Zealand History. Bridget Williams Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7810/9781990046483.
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‘What a nation or society chooses to remember and forget speaks to its contemporary priorities and sense of identity. Understanding how that process works enables us to better imagine a future with a different, or wider, set of priorities.’ History has rarely felt more topical or relevant as, all across the globe, nations have begun to debate who, how and what they choose to remember and forget. In this BWB Text addressing ‘difficult histories’, a team of five researchers, several from iwi invaded or attacked during the nineteenth-century New Zealand Wars, reflect on these questions of memory and loss locally. Combining first-hand fieldnotes from their journeys to sites of conflict and contestation with innovative archival and oral research exploring the gaps and silences in the ways we engage with the past, this group investigates how these events are remembered – or not – and how this has shaped the modern New Zealand nation.
Book chapters on the topic "Understanding New Zealand’s past"
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Hall, Bob. "The Historical Reconstruction of Rural Localities: A New Zealand Case Study." In Interpreting the Past, Understanding the Present, 100–121. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20786-2_7.
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den Heyer, Garth. "New Zealand’s Dirty Secret: Family Violence." In Understanding and Preventing Community Violence, 235–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05075-6_14.
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Penn, Roger. "History and Sociology in the New Economic Sociology: A Discourse in Search of a Method." In Interpreting the Past, Understanding the Present, 165–76. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20786-2_10.
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Gerlach, M., H. Desser, M. B. H. Youdim, and P. Riederer. "New horizons in molecular mechanisms underlying Parkinson’s disease and in our understanding of the neuroprotective effects of selegiline." In Deprenyl — Past and Future, 7–21. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7494-4_2.
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Allen, Emily G. "Understanding Ammonoid Sutures: New Insight into the Dynamic Evolution of Paleozoic Suture Morpholog." In Cephalopods Present and Past: New Insights and Fresh Perspectives, 159–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6806-5_8.
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Cormack, Donna, and Tahu Kukutai. "Indigenous Peoples, Data, and the Coloniality of Surveillance." In Transforming Communications – Studies in Cross-Media Research, 121–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96180-0_6.
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AbstractIn Aotearoa New Zealand (Aotearoa NZ), Māori (the Indigenous peoples of New Zealand) have long been objects of surveillance by state institutions and agents. State representations have centred on constructions of difference and deviance, on understandings of Indigenous peoples as dangerous, and on the management of Indigenous resistance to colonialism. This chapter considers how contemporary state surveillance practices in Aotearoa NZ, enabled by the expanded use of big data and linked government datasets, function to regulate and manage Māori. Through this lens, we explore continuities of current data practices for Indigenous peoples with the racialised logics and social orders set in place as part of global systems of imperialism and colonialism. Recognising that resistance has always been a part of Indigenous responses to colonialism, we also explore how Māori Data Sovereignty (MDSov), as part of broader Indigenous Data Sovereignty (IDS) movements globally, provides opportunities to counter and disrupt prevailing data relations and to imagine alternative futures.
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Grauer, Anne L., Laura A. Williams, and M. Catherine Bird. "Life and death in nineteenth-century Peoria, Illinois: taking a biocultural approach towards understanding the past." In New Directions in Biocultural Anthropology, 201–17. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118962954.ch10.
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Parsons, Meg, Karen Fisher, and Roa Petra Crease. "‘The past is always in front of us’: Locating Historical Māori Waterscapes at the Centre of Discussions of Current and Future Freshwater Management." In Decolonising Blue Spaces in the Anthropocene, 75–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61071-5_3.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the historical waterscapes of Indigenous Māori iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes) in the Waipā River (Aotearoa New Zealand). We highlight some of the principles of Te Ao Māori (the Māori world) that shaped Māori understandings and engagements with their ancestral waters and lands prior to colonisation. We explore how the arrival of Europeans resulted in Māori embracing new technologies, ideas, and biota, but always situating and adapting these new imports to fit within their Indigenous ontologies and epistemologies. In contrast, British colonial officials were unwilling to embrace such cross-cultural learnings nor allow Te Ao Māori to peacefully co-existent with their own world (Te Ao Pākehā). Military invasion, war, and the confiscation of Māori land occurred, which laid the foundations for environmental injustices.
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Stevens, Deborah. "New Zealand’s Te Tiriti o Waitangi-Treaty of Waitangi: The past, contemplated in the present, is a guide to the future." In Asia-Pacific between Conflict and Reconciliation, 43–68. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666560255.43.
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Lovell, Heather. "Nostalgia." In Understanding Energy Innovation, 73–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6253-9_5.
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AbstractNostalgia is a longing for the past and the way we remember how things used to be done, including a wish for things to stay the same. Nostalgia is a central part of understanding societal responses to change because every new technology and way of doing something is, in effect, competing with nostalgia. In this chapter, I examine how nostalgia can hamper efforts at energy innovation, particularly in terms of how it blinds us to change already under way, and how memories of certain innovations can in subtle ways encourage or hinder innovation. I explore three diverse case studies about nostalgia: memories of pioneering international smart grid experiments, scarce data about off-grid households, and big infrastructure energy solutions.
Conference papers on the topic "Understanding New Zealand’s past"
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Jin, Xin. "Making with the Past: Bricolages in Wang Shu’s Design Writings and Built Projects." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4002phgul.
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This study explores how design research writing can engage with historical reference in a radical way. In the 2002 essay “Shijian Tingzhi de Chengshi” (“City Froze in Time”), based on Chapter 2 of his 2000 PhD thesis, Xugou Chengshi (Fictionalising City), the Chinese architect Wang Shu proposes reinterpreting the traditional Chinese architecture and city through the anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss’s notion of “bricolage”, which is defined as making do with available objects. Bricolage is informative for understanding Wang’s design undertakings, which involve skilful adaptations of vernacular building types and construction techniques in new urban projects. Nevertheless, its fundamental role in shaping Wang’s design writings is yet to be fully understood. In his design writings, Wang employs a specific quotation method whereby words and paragraphs from other writers’ preexisting works are reused and woven into new textual compositions. Through formal analysis of “City Froze in Time” and comparisons of compositional patterns between the essay and Wang’s built projects, mainly the Xiangshan Campus of the China Academy of Art, Phase II, Hangzhou (2007) and the Ningbo History Museum, Ningbo (2008), this piece explores three issues. First, it demonstrates how textual fragments found in the past and uttered by others undergo bricolage in Wang’s essay. Second, it foregrounds the intention behind Wang’s chosen writing strategy and investigates broader critical issues, such as authorship and the past–present nonlinear order associated with Wang’s strategy. Third, it expresses how historical materials – understanding “materials” in an inclusive sense – are treated in comparable ways in Wang’s written and built works. By examining Wang’s case, this paper highlights a radical case of contemporary architectural research writing in which an attempt is made to demolish the boundary between theory and design by extending the make-do logic of design into the field of design reflection.
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Petrović, Emina Kristina. "Two Conceptualisations of Change in Architectural History: Towards Driving Pro-sustainable Change in Architecture." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4006pqv8s.
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At the time when it is important to act on the Climate Emergency and other pro-sustainable efforts, the key question is how to drive change. This paper examines two conceptualisations of change in architectural history in an attempt to support a better understanding of architecture-specific conceptualisations of change itself. Such understanding could offer real value in articulating how to drive pro-sustainable change in architecture. The paper identifies two conceptualisations of change which are easily found in existing writing on change in architectural history. One such conceptualisation considers architectural developments in terms of cyclical styles, or triads of early, high, and decadent stages of development of styles. Attributed to the 18th century writing of Johann Joachim Winckelmann on ancient Greek art, this conceptualisation presents one useful interpretation which links the change with natural growth. A simpler conceptualisation of two-point change is interpreted using the minor/major interpretations of change, as developed by Joan Ockman, based on the work of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. The key proposition is that the selected historical examples of conceptualisation of change reveal useful aspects of the past patterns of change in architecture. These might help understand how to drive needed change now. One critical factor in the transition which is facing us now, is that in contrast to many past transitions which were driven by technological innovation, current transition requires development of technologies capable to support the change which is scientifically proven as needed and real. Therefore, some of the historical natural ease of the past transitions in the current contexts needs active driving of change. Without an intention to propose a holistic new framework, the main value of this paper is that it identifies some of the key conceptualisations which are evident in architectural history and that could be useful in driving pro-sustainable change.
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Yousefnia, Ali Rad. "Provocation, Ultra-Resistance and Representation: A Case Study-Based Research Course & the Student Exhibition ‘Re- Presented’." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3993p1uq3.
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The core premise of the paper focuses on approaching a specific case study as the subject and the object of an architectural research heritage course, in this case, the UQ Union complex (UQU). During the summer semester 2020 – 2021, thirteen students in the M. Arch program at the University of Queensland (UQ) studied and interpreted the tangible and intangible heritages of the UQU. Once an award-winning project back in the 1960s, the entire complex faced the threat of demolition by the university’s proposed master plan in 2017. There is no doubt that the demolition proposal was an ‘Ultra’ decision. The process followed an ‘Ultra’ reaction in the form of a campaign for saving UQU, supported by hundreds of activists, UQ staff, students, and alumni. Therefore, an ‘Ultra’ synthesis emerged from this dialectic. Besides the pedagogical approaches of the course, the site’s rich history shaped an important section of the paper. Given the spirit of the recent period, the ‘ultra-temporal’ and uncertain times caused by the COVID-19 pandemic created an ambiguous situation, and there is a major pause for the demolition proposal. The new response from the UQ administration was also briefly discussed at the end of the paper. Within the course, the curiosity to have an in-depth understanding of a built environment transformed and evolved. Thus, the outcome was two exhibitions titled ‘re-Presented’ as a result of this collective work. The course created the opportunity for students to think critically about the role of the UQU Complex within the new master plan and re-image its position in the university’s future by their provocative proposals. These innovative and creative exhibition pieces went beyond conventional methods of documentation. The paper focuses on the students’ journey and how they unpacked the site’s history. It explains how their ideas re-presented a daily built environment that has dispatched from its past and alienated among its users. In summary, an ‘Ultra’ perspective, such as the one exemplified by the described course, comes back in a full circle.
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Budimir, Vjekoslav, Helene Lanter, and Sascha Schultes. "GUARD - smart flexible protection systems against natural hazards." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1493.
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Flexible steel protection systems against natural hazards are difficult to access in mountainous areas and inherently become difficult to monitor and maintain over the years. Many small-scale events, such as rock-fall below the service energy limit (SEL) defined by the EAD 340059-00-0106 or debris flows under the maximum impact pressure of the net, acc. to EAD 340020-00-0106, go unnoticed, but the repetition of several events into a protection system still needs regular maintenance to guarantee full performance in case the design event occurs. Furthermore, experience has shown that the corrosion can vary strongly in small localised areas and lead to unpleasant surprises. Therefore, the understanding of microclimates favorable to the corrosion process needs to improve. A newly developed IoT device, called GUARD, was developed aiming to provide monitoring of flexible steel protection systems. It is equipped, amongst others, with a rope force sensor and an accelerometer. The second target of the device is to pass from repair and pre-ventive maintenance to the concept of predictive maintenance by evaluating the local corrosivity and the associated lifetime of the protection system with a specially developed corrosion sensor. These sensors have been deployed over the past years on 40 sites in 13 countries in Europe. Even many flexible protection barriers are equipped with GUARD in North America, Hawaii, Australia and New Zealand. This contribution aims to highlight the monitoring with the GUARD and the inspection concept that can be developed from it, with a highlight on the data collected so far.
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Abdul Razak, Norhanim. "FROM CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE TO A WHALE RIDER: EXPLORING TRADITIONAL TALES IN THE DIGITAL PROMOTION OF NEW ZEALAND." In GLOBAL TOURISM CONFERENCE 2021. PENERBIT UMT, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46754/gtc.2021.11.027.
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The paper applied a content analysis method to examine how myths and legends have been employed by the promotional organization in portraying New Zealand on the official tourism website. The assessment of the website uncovered six main legends which have been presented in the promotion of New Zealand to potential tourists. These traditional tales have been incorporated into the website chiefly as part of Maori heritage attributes in which purakau (the Maori term for legends) represents among crucial aspects in understanding their worldviews and cultural identities. Legends narrating fishing voyages involving demi gods offers a mythological explanation of the origin of the geological formation of islands of New Zealand were presented more than once on the website. Among the legends presented to readers on the websites encompass stories of Tane Mahuta, which depicts the tale of the sky father, the earth mother, and the creation of the world of light that humans live in today. Another unique legend, Paikea the whale rider, is featured as part of the description of a whale-watching attraction in Kaikoura, Christchurch. The overall analysis uncovered that legendary tales are incorporated into the website as the part historical origin of Maori people and in the promotion of several tourist attractions in New Zealand. From a tourism perspective, the representation of these tales enhances the appeal of destinations and make them stand out to visitors. The inclusion of the purakau offers tourists a deeper understanding of the cultural heritage of this country. Furthermore, Maori worldviews on the creation of the universe and formation of the natural environment are transpired. It is noticeable through these legends that Maori people strongly respect their ancestors and highly appreciated natural resources. Finally, the emphasis on environmental conservation and sustainability as ingrained in the tales further supported the overall promotional tagline of 100% Pure New Zealand and the inclusion of Tiaki Promise a commitment to care for New Zealand, for now, and for future generations on the official tourism website.
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Mescherina, E. "NIKOLAUS ARNONCOURT: “NEW UNDERSTANDING” AND PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETATION OF ANCIENT MUSIC." In Aesthetics and Hermeneutics. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2547.978-5-317-06726-7/61-64.
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The approach proposed by the famous conductor of our time N. Arnoncourt to interpret the music of the past as the “language of its era” includes a number of components (understanding music based on its own laws; the need for historical knowledge, etc.) and opposes “aesthetic music making”, which demonstrates exclusively the technical side of the execution.
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Dancy, Melissa H., Charles R. Henderson, and Julian H. Smith. "Understanding Educational Transformation: Findings from a Survey of Past Participants of the Physics and Astronomy New Faculty Workshop." In 2013 Physics Education Research Conference. American Association of Physics Teachers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/perc.2013.pr.016.
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Watts, J. W. "Reservoir Simulation: Past, Present, and Future." In SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium. SPE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/38441-ms.
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Abstract Reservoir simulation is a mature technology, and nearly all major reservoir development decisions are based in some way on simulation results. Despite this maturity, the technology is changing rapidly. It is important for both providers and users of reservoir simulation software to understand where this change is leading. This paper takes a long-term view of reservoir simulation, describing where it has been and where it is now. It closes with a prediction of what the reservoir simulation state of the art will be in 2007 and speculation regarding certain aspects of simulation in 2017. Introduction Today, input from reservoir simulation is used in nearly all major reservoir development decisions. This has come about in part through technology improvements that make it easier to simulate reservoirs on one hand and possible to simulate them more realistically on the other; however, although reservoir simulation has come a long way from its beginnings in the 1950's, substantial further improvement is needed, and this is stimulating continual change in how simulation is performed. Given that this change is occurring, both developers and users of simulation have an interest in understanding where it is leading. Obviously, developers of new simulation capabilities need this understanding in order to keep their products relevant and competitive. However, people that use simulation also need this understanding; how else can they be confident that the organizations that provide their simulators are keeping up with advancing technology and moving in the right direction? In order to understand where we are going, it is helpful to know where we have been. Thus, this paper begins with a discussion of historical developments in reservoir simulation. Then it briefly describes the current state of the art in terms of how simulation is performed today. Finally, it closes with some general predictions.
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Mostapa, Muhammad Ferdaos, Alex Tarang Patrick, Huu Nghi Nguyen, and Arie Purba Tata. "New Understanding of Ultra-Deepwater Thin Beds Interpretation and Compartmentalization in Light of New Seismic Reprocessed Data and Well Results." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31675-ms.
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Abstract Deepwater fields are well known for their complex turbidite heterogeneity. J field, which has a water depth of 1600-1800 meters, is a distal deepwater turbidite fan located within a high compressional area, resulted in highly faulted structures. All wells drilled in the J field penetrated thin-bedded sand-shale reservoirs (average 30-80 cm) which are below current available tools’ resolution. This has directly impacted the accuracy of reservoirs properties interpretation and characterization. Additionally, based on the acquired pressure data from past appraisal campaigns, the field is proven to be laterally and vertically compartmentalized. However, reservoir connectivity and producibility away from those appraisal wells remains uncertain and challenging to be identified, due to the legacy 3D seismic image quality, limitation in data resolutions, and limited regional data. This paper will briefly address the challenges of deepwater distal turbidites understanding while proposing a holistic workflow with the integration of 3D seismic and well data to enhance thin-bed interpretation and complex compartmentalization prediction.
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Chanetsa, Tarisai, and Umesh Ramnarain. "THE DEVELOPMENT AND PILOTING OF AN INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE NATURE OF SCIENCE (NOS) UNDERSTANDING." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end114.
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The study describes the development of an instrument, to measure NOS understandings of science teachers and a subsequent pilot study to test the instrument. The pilot measured NOS understanding of two teachers using a questionnaire that had been developed by the researcher. The objective of the study was to construct a questionnaire that could measure NOS understanding based on the family resemblance approach (FRA). The NOS is a construct that has been defined by various scholars and there exists multiple perspectives. For this study, two schools of thought defining the nature of science: the consensus view (CV) and the reconceptualized family resemblance approach to NOS (RFN) were considered. The CV has been widely accepted for years to represent the NOS through its tenets, and there exists reliable tools to document NOS. Based on the CV researchers developed an instrument, views of nature of science (VNOS), to document NOS understanding. In the past decade, scholars have challenged the CV of NOS and highlighted shortcomings in its tenets. FRA was developed that depicts science in a holistic system with dynamic interactions unlike the CV that represents NOS as independent tenets. From FRA, emerged RFN consisting of social and cultural categories that affect how science is done. The approach of RFN due to its holistic approach will be preferred in this study. The authors of RFN developed a RFN questionnaire to assess views about NOS using a Likert scale. Due to the limitations of the Likert scale, an open-ended approach is preferred in the qualitative analysis of views of NOS as is found in the VNOS form. To collect data on NOS understanding, the researcher compared VNOS and the RFN questionnaire and developed an integrated family VNOS (IFVNOS) questionnaire. The IFVNOS questionnaire was administered in a pilot test followed by interviews to elaborate on responses. The responses were analysed by two coders and triangulated to ensure reliability. The responses were allocated codes to document NOS understanding, on a range from naïve to explicit understanding. The findings revealed that the IFVNOS questionnaire developed can be used as a tool to measure NOS understanding and more testing is required to assess reliability.
Reports on the topic "Understanding New Zealand’s past"
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Hart, Lucy. Understanding platform businesses in the food ecosystem. Food Standards Agency, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.puh821.
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The Food Standards Agency (FSA) is responsible for public health in relation to food in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It makes sure that people can trust that the food they buy and eat is safe and is what it says it is. As part of this responsibility, the FSA works to understand the continuing evolution of the food landscape to identify opportunities to improve standards of food safety and/or authenticity. As well as any new or magnified risks from which consumers should be protected. One area that has evolved rapidly is that of digital platforms in the food and drink industry. Consumers are increasingly purchasing food via third party intermediaries, known as ‘aggregators’, from a range of vendors. Digital platforms remain a relatively new concept, with many launching in the past decade. As such, there has been a knowledge gap in government about how these platforms work and how they impact the landscape in which they operate.
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Dalglish, Chris, and Sarah Tarlow, eds. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.163.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: HUMANITY The Panel recommends recognition that research in this field should be geared towards the development of critical understandings of self and society in the modern world. Archaeological research into the modern past should be ambitious in seeking to contribute to understanding of the major social, economic and environmental developments through which the modern world came into being. Modern-world archaeology can add significantly to knowledge of Scotland’s historical relationships with the rest of the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. Archaeology offers a new perspective on what it has meant to be a modern person and a member of modern society, inhabiting a modern world. MATERIALITY The Panel recommends approaches to research which focus on the materiality of the recent past (i.e. the character of relationships between people and their material world). Archaeology’s contribution to understandings of the modern world lies in its ability to situate, humanise and contextualise broader historical developments. Archaeological research can provide new insights into the modern past by investigating historical trends not as abstract phenomena but as changes to real lives, affecting different localities in different ways. Archaeology can take a long-term perspective on major modern developments, researching their ‘prehistory’ (which often extends back into the Middle Ages) and their material legacy in the present. Archaeology can humanise and contextualise long-term processes and global connections by working outwards from individual life stories, developing biographies of individual artefacts and buildings and evidencing the reciprocity of people, things, places and landscapes. The modern person and modern social relationships were formed in and through material environments and, to understand modern humanity, it is crucial that we understand humanity’s material relationships in the modern world. PERSPECTIVE The Panel recommends the development, realisation and promotion of work which takes a critical perspective on the present from a deeper understanding of the recent past. Research into the modern past provides a critical perspective on the present, uncovering the origins of our current ways of life and of relating to each other and to the world around us. It is important that this relevance is acknowledged, understood, developed and mobilised to connect past, present and future. The material approach of archaeology can enhance understanding, challenge assumptions and develop new and alternative histories. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present vi Archaeology can evidence varied experience of social, environmental and economic change in the past. It can consider questions of local distinctiveness and global homogeneity in complex and nuanced ways. It can reveal the hidden histories of those whose ways of life diverged from the historical mainstream. Archaeology can challenge simplistic, essentialist understandings of the recent Scottish past, providing insights into the historical character and interaction of Scottish, British and other identities and ideologies. COLLABORATION The Panel recommends the development of integrated and collaborative research practices. Perhaps above all other periods of the past, the modern past is a field of enquiry where there is great potential benefit in collaboration between different specialist sectors within archaeology, between different disciplines, between Scottish-based researchers and researchers elsewhere in the world and between professionals and the public. The Panel advocates the development of new ways of working involving integrated and collaborative investigation of the modern past. Extending beyond previous modes of inter-disciplinary practice, these new approaches should involve active engagement between different interests developing collaborative responses to common questions and problems. REFLECTION The Panel recommends that a reflexive approach is taken to the archaeology of the modern past, requiring research into the nature of academic, professional and public engagements with the modern past and the development of new reflexive modes of practice. Archaeology investigates the past but it does so from its position in the present. Research should develop a greater understanding of modern-period archaeology as a scholarly pursuit and social practice in the present. Research should provide insights into the ways in which the modern past is presented and represented in particular contexts. Work is required to better evidence popular understandings of and engagements with the modern past and to understand the politics of the recent past, particularly its material aspect. Research should seek to advance knowledge and understanding of the moral and ethical viewpoints held by professionals and members of the public in relation to the archaeology of the recent past. There is a need to critically review public engagement practices in modern-world archaeology and develop new modes of public-professional collaboration and to generate practices through which archaeology can make positive interventions in the world. And there is a need to embed processes of ethical reflection and beneficial action into archaeological practice relating to the modern past.
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Baszler, Timothy, Igor Savitsky, Christopher Davies, Lauren Staska, and Varda Shkap. Identification of bovine Neospora caninum cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes for development of peptide-based vaccine. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695592.bard.
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The goal of the one-year feasibility study was to identify specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes to Neosporacaninum in the natural bovine host in order to make progress toward developing an effective peptide-based vaccine against bovine neosporosis. We tested the hypothesis that: N. caninum SRS2 peptides contain immunogenicCTLepitope clusters cross-presented by multiple bovine MHC-I and MHC-IIhaplotypes. The specific objectives were: (1) Map bovine CTLepitopes of N. caninum NcSRS-2 and identify consensus MHC-I and class-II binding motifs; and (2) Determine if subunit immunization with peptides containing N. caninum-specificCTLepitopes cross-reactive to multiple bovine MHChaplotypes induces a CTL response in cattle with disparate MHChaplotypes. Neosporosis is a major cause of infectious abortion and congenital disease in cattle, persisting in cattle herds via vertical transmission.5 N. caninum abortions are reported in Israel; a serological survey of 52 Israeli dairy herds with reported abortions indicated a 31% infection rate in cows and 16% infection rate in aborted fetuses.9,14 Broad economic loss due to bovine neosporosis is estimated at $35,000,000 per year in California, USA, and $100,000,000 (Australian) per year in Australia and New Zealand.13 Per herd losses in a Canadian herd of 50 cattle are estimated more conservatively at $2,305 (Canadian) annually.4 Up to date practical measures to reduce losses from neosporosis in cattle have not been achieved. There is no chemotherapy available and, although progress has been made toward understanding immunity to Neospora infections, no efficacious vaccine is available to limit outbreaks or prevent abortions. Vaccine development to prevent N. caninum abortion and congenital infection remains a high research priority. To this end, our research group has over the past decade: 1) Identified the importance of T-lymphocyte-mediated immunity, particularly IFN-γ responses, as necessary for immune protection to congenital neosporosis in mice,1,2,10,11 and 2) Identified MHC class II restricted CD4+ CTL in Neosporainfected Holstein cattle,16 and 3) Identified NcSRS2 as a highly conserved surface protein associated with immunity to Neospora infections in mice and cattle.7,8,15 In this BARD-funded 12 month feasibility study, we continued our study of Neospora immunity in cattle and successfully completed T-lymphocyte epitope mapping of NcSRS2 surface protein with peptides and bovine immune cells,15 fulfilling objective 1. We also documented the importance of immune responses NcSRS2 by showing that immunization with native NcSRS2 reduces congenital Neospora transmission in mice,7 and that antibodies to NcSRS2 specifically inhibition invasion of placental trophoblasts.8 Most importantly we showed that T-lymphocyte responses similar to parasite infection, namely induction of activated IFN-γ secreting Tlymphocytes, could be induced by subunit immunization with NcSRS2 peptides containing the Neospora-specificCTLepitopes (Baszler et al, In preparation) fulfilling objective 2. Both DNA and peptide-based subunit approaches were tested. Only lipopeptide-based NcSRS2 subunits, modified with N-terminal linked palmitic acid to enhance Toll-like receptors 2 and 1 (TLR2-TLR1), stimulated robust antigen-specific T-lymphocyte proliferation, IFN-γ secretion, and serum antibody production across different MHC-IIhaplotypes. The discovery of MHC-II cross-reactive T-cellinducing parasite peptides capable of inducing a potentially protective immune response following subunit immunization in cattle is of significant practical importance to vaccine development to bovine neosporosis. In addition, our findings are more widely applicable in future investigations of protective T-cell, subunit-based immunity against other infectious diseases in outbred cattle populations.
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Kaleagasi, Bartu, Sean McCarthy, and Peter Beaumont. Geospatial Public Policy: Global Best Practices for Harnessing the Potential of Satellite Technologies and Applications. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004484.
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This publication presents six case studies of public policies that promote the development and use of geospatial technologies and applications, which can be categorized in five layers: institutions, tools, data, skills and industry. The evolution of these technologies and applications over the past decade has been driven by the understanding that where people and things are located is central to smart decision making. As a result of low-cost launch vehicles, increasing numbers of satellites in orbit, new sensor technologies, machine learning algorithms, advances in cloud computing, and the emergence of other technologies such as drones and high-altitude platforms, the geospatial economy is now expanding into many new geographies and sectors. This expansion calls for the development of innovative applications that benefit government in areas such as agriculture, environment, energy, aviation, maritime, transport, health, education, business, and society.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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Sparks, Paul, Jesse Sherburn, William Heard, and Brett Williams. Penetration modeling of ultra‐high performance concrete using multiscale meshfree methods. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41963.
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Terminal ballistics of concrete is of extreme importance to the military and civil communities. Over the past few decades, ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) has been developed for various applications in the design of protective structures because UHPC has an enhanced ballistic resistance over conventional strength concrete. Developing predictive numerical models of UHPC subjected to penetration is critical in understanding the material's enhanced performance. This study employs the advanced fundamental concrete (AFC) model, and it runs inside the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM)‐based code known as the nonlinear meshfree analysis program (NMAP). NMAP is advantageous for modeling impact and penetration problems that exhibit extreme deformation and material fragmentation. A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to characterize the UHPC. The investigation consisted of fracture toughness testing, the utilization of nondestructive microcomputed tomography analysis, and projectile penetration shots on the UHPC targets. To improve the accuracy of the model, a new scaled damage evolution law (SDEL) is employed within the microcrack informed damage model. During the homogenized macroscopic calculation, the corresponding microscopic cell needs to be dimensionally equivalent to the mesh dimension when the partial differential equation becomes ill posed and strain softening ensues. Results of numerical investigations will be compared with results of penetration experiments.
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Khomenko, Tetiana. TIME AND SPACE OF HISTORICAL PARALLELS OF EUGEN SVERSTIUK’S JOURNALISM. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11095.
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The article is dedicated to the investigation of time-space measurements of journalistic works of Eugen Sverstiuk, a well-known Ukrainian journalist. In particular, the time-space continuum of his works is being discussed, which is characterized as comprehensive, continuous, filled with archetypical images which metaphorize the text, but at the same time structure it, and are beaded on the axis of time and documentarily located in the space. The logics of images initiated in the text is exaggerated by constant dwelling of the author in the time-space dimensions of the epoque, of which he was a contemporary, as well as precise knowledge of World and Ukrainian history and culture. Historical parallelism of journalism of E. Sverstiuk possesses double potential. On the one hand, the author provides arguments for confirmation of his own opinion, and on the other, he shows us historical collisions in the new aspect, which helps consider the past, better understand the present, and think of the future. Pages of his works is space for author’s considerations, which logics impresses by free transgression of the author in the time, and his ability to grasp the most essential, although sometimes precedent, sometimes sudden and forgotten, or even unknown historical facts in order to force them to resonate in the new historical realities, first of all to indicate the importance of national and the need for assigning to it more significance. Using retrospectives, E. Sverstiuk encourages us to return to the national sources and to seek in ourselves the reflections of nationality in order to return historical truth to our audience. This is what, according to E. Sverstiuk, was believed to be one of the most necessary conditions of existence to the independent state. Time-space continuum of E. Sverstiuk’s journalism is reproduction of comprehensive history as continuous process of the development of humanity, and of formation of comprehensive, total, and so to say epic reading and understanding of these processes via accentuation of reader’s attention on key events, phenomena, and facts.
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Tzfira, Tzvi, Michael Elbaum, and Sharon Wolf. DNA transfer by Agrobacterium: a cooperative interaction of ssDNA, virulence proteins, and plant host factors. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695881.bard.
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Agrobacteriumtumefaciensmediates genetic transformation of plants. The possibility of exchanging the natural genes for other DNA has led to Agrobacterium’s emergence as the primary vector for genetic modification of plants. The similarity among eukaryotic mechanisms of nuclear import also suggests use of its active elements as media for non-viral genetic therapy in animals. These considerations motivate the present study of the process that carries DNA of bacterial origin into the host nucleus. The infective pathway of Agrobacterium involves excision of a single-stranded DNA molecule (T-strand) from the bacterial tumor-inducing plasmid. This transferred DNA (T-DNA) travels to the host cell cytoplasm along with two virulence proteins, VirD2 and VirE2, through a specific bacteriumplant channel(s). Little is known about the precise structure and composition of the resulting complex within the host cell and even less is known about the mechanism of its nuclear import and integration into the host cell genome. In the present proposal we combined the expertise of the US and Israeli labs and revealed many of the biophysical and biological properties of the genetic transformation process, thus enhancing our understanding of the processes leading to nuclear import and integration of the Agrobacterium T-DNA. Specifically, we sought to: I. Elucidate the interaction of the T-strand with its chaperones. II. Analyzing the three-dimensional structure of the T-complex and its chaperones in vitro. III. Analyze kinetics of T-complex formation and T-complex nuclear import. During the past three years we accomplished our goals and made the following major discoveries: (1) Resolved the VirE2-ssDNA three-dimensional structure. (2) Characterized VirE2-ssDNA assembly and aggregation, along with regulation by VirE1. (3) Studied VirE2-ssDNA nuclear import by electron tomography. (4) Showed that T-DNA integrates via double-stranded (ds) intermediates. (5) Identified that Arabidopsis Ku80 interacts with dsT-DNA intermediates and is essential for T-DNA integration. (6) Found a role of targeted proteolysis in T-DNA uncoating. Our research provide significant physical, molecular, and structural insights into the Tcomplex structure and composition, the effect of host receptors on its nuclear import, the mechanism of T-DNA nuclear import, proteolysis and integration in host cells. Understanding the mechanical and molecular basis for T-DNA nuclear import and integration is an essential key for the development of new strategies for genetic transformation of recalcitrant plant species. Thus, the knowledge gained in this study can potentially be applied to enhance the transformation process by interfering with key steps of the transformation process (i.e. nuclear import, proteolysis and integration). Finally, in addition to the study of Agrobacterium-host interaction, our research also revealed some fundamental insights into basic cellular mechanisms of nuclear import, targeted proteolysis, protein-DNA interactions and DNA repair.
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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.
Full textAbstract:
The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age. Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v Landscapes and regions: Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change? Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial. Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth. Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs. Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully. Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people. The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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McElwain, Terry F., Eugene Pipano, Guy H. Palmer, Varda Shkap, Stephn A. Hines, and Wendy C. Brown. Protection of Cattle against Babesiosis: Immunization against Babesia bovis with an Optimized RAP-1/Apical Complex Construct. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573063.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research and current efforts at control of babesiosis fall short of meeting the needs of countries where the disease is endemic, such as Israel, as well as the needs of exporting countries and countries bordering on endemic areas, such as the U.S. Our long-term goal is to develop improved methods of immunization against bovine babesiosis based on an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune protection and parasite targets of a protective immune response. In our previous BARD project, we established the basis for focusing on rhoptry antigens as components of a subunit vaccine against bovine babesiosis, and for additional research to better characterize rhoptry associated protein-1 (RAP-1) as a target of protective immunity. In this continuation BARD project, our objectives were to [1] optimize the immune response against RAP-1, and [2] identify additional rhoptry candidate vaccine antigens. The entire locus encoding B. bovis RAP-1 was sequenced, and the rap-1 open reading frame compared among several strains. Unlike B. bigemina, in which multiple gene copies with variant domains encode RAP-1, the B. bovis RAP-1 locus contains only two identical genes which are conserved among strains. Through testing of multiple truncated constructs of rRAP-1, one or more immunodominant T cell epitopes were mapped to the amino terminal half of RAP-1. At least one linear and one conformational B cell epitope have been demonstrated in the same amino terminal construct, which in B. bigemina RAP-1 also contains an epitope recognized by neutralizing antibody. The amine terminal half of the molecule represents the most highly conserved part of the gene family and contains motifs conserved broadly among the apicomplexa. In contrast, the carboxy terminal half of B. bovis RAP-1 is less well conserved and contains multiple repeats encoding a linear B cell epitope potentially capable of inducing an ineffective, T cell independent, type 2 immune response. Therefore, we are testing an amino terminal fragment of RAP-1 (RAP-1N) in an immunization trial in cattle. Cattle have beer immunized with RAP-1N or control antigen, and IL-12 with Ribi adjuvant. Evaluation of the immune response is ongoing, and challenge with virulent B. bovis will occur in the near future. While no new rhoptry antigens were identified, our studies did identify and characterize a new spherical body antigen (SBP3), and several heat shock proteins (HSP's). The SBP3 and HSP21 antigens stimulate T cells from immune cattle and are considered new vaccine candidates worthy of further testing. Overall, we conclude that a single RAP-1 vaccine construct representing the conserved amino terminal region of the molecule should be sufficient for immunization against all strains of B. bovis. While results of the ongoing immunization trial will direct our next research steps, results at this time are consistent with our long term goal of designing a subunit vaccine which contains only the epitopes relevant to induction of protective immunity. Parallel studies are defining the mechanisms of protective immunity. Apicomplexan protozoa, including babesiosis and malaria, cause persistent diseases for which control is inadequate. The apical organelles are defining features of these complex protozoa, and have been conserved through the evolutionary process, Past and current BARD projects on babesiosis have established the validity and potential of exploiting these conserved organelles in developing improved control methods applicable to all apicomplexan diseases.