Journal articles on the topic 'Understanding New Zealand’s past'
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1
Seersholm, Frederik V., Theresa L. Cole, Alicia Grealy, Nicolas J. Rawlence, Karen Greig, Michael Knapp, Michael Stat, et al. "Subsistence practices, past biodiversity, and anthropogenic impacts revealed by New Zealand-wide ancient DNA survey." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 30 (July 9, 2018): 7771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803573115.
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New Zealand’s geographic isolation, lack of native terrestrial mammals, and Gondwanan origins make it an ideal location to study evolutionary processes. However, since the archipelago was first settled by humans 750 y ago, its unique biodiversity has been under pressure, and today an estimated 49% of the terrestrial avifauna is extinct. Current efforts to conserve the remaining fauna rely on a better understanding of the composition of past ecosystems, as well as the causes and timing of past extinctions. The exact temporal and spatial dynamics of New Zealand’s extinct fauna, however, can be difficult to interpret, as only a small proportion of animals are preserved as morphologically identifiable fossils. Here, we conduct a large-scale genetic survey of subfossil bone assemblages to elucidate the impact of humans on the environment in New Zealand. By genetically identifying more than 5,000 nondiagnostic bone fragments from archaeological and paleontological sites, we reconstruct a rich faunal record of 110 species of birds, fish, reptiles, amphibians, and marine mammals. We report evidence of five whale species rarely reported from New Zealand archaeological middens and characterize extinct lineages of leiopelmatid frog (Leiopelma sp.) and kākāpō (Strigops habroptilus) haplotypes lost from the gene pool. Taken together, this molecular audit of New Zealand’s subfossil record not only contributes to our understanding of past biodiversity and precontact Māori subsistence practices but also provides a more nuanced snapshot of anthropogenic impacts on native fauna after first human arrival.
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Neill, Lindsay, Nigel Hemmington, and Andrew Emery. "Terror in Christchurch: Here comes the ‘Peace Train’." Australasian Journal of Popular Culture 8, no. 2 (September 1, 2019): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ajpc_00002_1.
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On 15 March 2019, a white supremacist gunman shot dead 50 Muslim worshippers at two mosques in Christchurch, Aotearoa, New Zealand. His actions changed forever the safe haven known as ‘God’s Own’. New Zealanders were shocked that such an event had happened here. Many Kiwis believed the nation to be safe, given its geographic isolation from the terrorist targets of Europe and the United States of America. However, the atrocity has exposed an unhealthy underbelly that has long permeated New Zealand’s socio-culture. Racism and discrimination have forefronted ensuing conversations. This article explores the nation’s history of discrimination preceding the terrorist attack. In doing so, we expose something subtly denied: that New Zealand is not the egalitarian land of milk and honey that many Kiwis believed it to be. We suggest that the terrorist attack not only highlighted the nation’s discrimination but also provided its liminal moment. Part of that liminality was Cat/Yusuf Steven’s performance, in Christchurch, of ‘Peace Train’. We compound our exploration of Aotearoa New Zealand’s history of discrimination by asking how the lyrics of ‘Peace Train’ provide a way to view our past and provide an opportunity to perceive a way forward for the nation, given the tragedy of terrorism. We suggest that ‘Peace Train’ is a metaphorical illumination of the nation’s liminality, and that it provided a road map of unity that helped to guide many Kiwis in understanding and coming to terms with not only what had happened but also a future view of how Kiwis might see themselves.
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Hart, A. W. "NEW ZEALAND’S TARANAKI BASIN: GIANTS IN THE GRABEN?" APPEA Journal 42, no. 1 (2002): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj01018.
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During the past 50 years of utilising modern techniques in New Zealand’s Taranaki Basin, explorers have both been rewarded by its bountiful accumulations and frustrated by its complicated morphology. Numerous superimposed sub-basins, depocentres, areas of uplift, interbedded volcanic edifices and recent volcanism contribute to the complexity of New Zealand’s only producing province. Exploration has been successful along the flanks of the basin, but the time has come to focus on the numerous grabens forming the Taranaki Basin.The basin is a Late Cretaceous rift more than twice the size of the North Sea’s prolific Viking graben, but only 120 wildcats have been drilled since 1955, with only 50 offshore. Horst, tilted fault block, inversion features and thrust anticlines have been the traditional targets, but companies are showing increased interest in relatively more difficult plays involving turbiditic, volcaniclastic and diagenetic reservoirs.The axis of the 6,000 km2 Northern Taranaki graben, the northern part of the Taranaki Basin, has not been penetrated by the drill bit and offers numerous exploration opportunities for basin floor and slope fans of Eocene and Miocene age. Acoustic scattering, diffraction and absorption within a chain of buried Miocene stratovolcanoes inhibit seismic energy from passing into the older sequences, which consist of numerous basin floor fan sequences. Long avoided by exploration programs, volcanic edifices were found to possess good reservoir characteristics and entrap hydrocarbons at Kora–1. The 7000+ km3 of layered extrusive volcanic rock in the graben cannot therefore be discounted as potential reservoir. Another play developed by Miocene magmatism is the doming of potential turbidite reservoirs by underlying igneous feeder dyke systems. In addition, the wells drilled at Kora identified a more elusive play concept—that of potentially large petroleum accumulations stratigraphically trapped downdip from diagenetically altered reservoirs, serving as sealing lithologies, near the igneous feeder dyke systems.As most seismic records in the Northern Taranaki graben were acquired more than a decade ago, modern seismic acquisition and processing technologies are needed to penetrate the buried volcanic edifices and unlock the basin’s story. A better understanding of the basin’s complexities, more cost-effective drilling techniques and a willingness to explore for targets in the source kitchens may finally expose the true potential of the Taranaki Basin.
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Jiancheng, Zheng. "Chinese New Zealanders in Aotearoa: Media consumption and political engagement." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 28, no. 1 & 2 (July 31, 2022): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v28i1and2.1220.
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This article outlines work in progress on project concerning interactions between the Chinese community in New Zealand, ethnic Chinese media, mainstream English language media, particularly around the New Zealand 2020 general election. A wealth of past research has discussed ethnic Chinese language media in New Zealand, the Chinese diaspora, and general elections. This study will go beyond previous research to include mainstream English language media as part of the media resources available to Chinese New Zealanders considering participating as voters in general elections. For Chinese New Zealanders, understanding the diversity of media in New Zealand is likely to have a positive effect on their voting decisions, and encourage more thinking about government policies.
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Kemper, Joya, and Ann-Marie Kennedy. "Evaluating Social Marketing Messages in New Zealand’s Like Minds Campaign and Its Effect on Stigma." Social Marketing Quarterly 27, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15245004211005828.
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Background: A key objective of government and social marketers is to remove the institutionalized stigma of mental illness, increasing mental health service uptake. While research has evaluated past campaigns based on changes in attitudes and beliefs, very little research has examined the communication messages used in social marketing campaigns. Focus of the Article: This impact evaluation research identifies the institutionalized cultural-moral norms incorporated into New Zealand’s Like Minds mental health advertisements and examines how attitudes and beliefs changed over time in response to these norms. Importance to the Social Marketing Field: This research offers a new approach to social marketing evaluation and demonstrates the importance of consistent incorporation of cultural-moral institutional norms in social marketing campaigns. Method: Using macro-social marketing theory, thematic analysis is used to identify the cultural-moral institutional norms in the Like Minds campaign advertisements over a 10-year period (2002–2012). Results: The Like Minds campaign was found to have multiple cultural-moral institutional norms, such as Mental illness as a villain, Personal responsibility, and Inherent human dignity, as well as utilizing two different institutionalization processes of Socialization and Identity Formation. However, these norms were inconsistently and sometimes contradictorily presented and as a result, not all changes in mental health stigma beliefs and attitudes show long term change. Rates for service uptake also had mixed results during the campaign duration, though overall an increase in uptake was found. Recommendations for Research and Practice: The research highlights the importance of understanding the underlying institutionalized cultural-moral norms presented in communications and aligning those with the overall objectives of a social marketing campaign. Limitations: Like Minds campaign phases 2 to 5 are analyzed, phase 1 was inaccessible for analysis and advertisements after 2012 are not analyzed.
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Garbett, Dawn, and Belinda R. Yourn. "Student Teacher Knowledge: Knowing and Understanding Subject Matter in the New Zealand Context." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 27, no. 3 (September 2002): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693910202700302.
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In the past few decades there has been an increasing awareness of the importance of early childhood education in New Zealand. Concomitant with this has been the move towards professionalising the early childhood sector through a national curriculum and increased expectations for its practitioners. This paper examines issues relating to the changing role of early childhood teachers as they manage the implementation of the New Zealand curriculum. There is no consensus about what makes up the professional knowledge base for early childhood educators. This paper explores the nature of professional knowledge and suggests that subject matter knowledge may be more important than previously recognised for early childhood educators.
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Ongley, Patrick. "Class in New Zealand." Counterfutures 1 (March 1, 2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/cf.v1i0.6442.
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In the wake of the global financial crisis and amidst a tide of concern about inequality, now is an opportune time to revisit the topic of class. It is conspicuously absent from most of the discourse surrounding the current state of capitalism and its iniquities, but it is critical to a full understanding of them. In New Zealand, we have always tended to shy away from talk of class, but like all capitalist societies this is a class society, and we are all connected to and divided from others by class relations. Class also connects our present to our past and future, playing key roles in the periodic economic and social transformations shaping our history. New Zealand has been through at least three such transitions, which have all involved significant shifts in class relations and class structures. At this current uncertain juncture in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, we may have the opportunity to forge another transformation.
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Yeoman, Ian, and Una McMahon‐Beattie. "New Zealand's future: the potential for knitting tourism." Journal of Tourism Futures 1, no. 2 (March 16, 2015): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-12-2014-0004.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of why the phenomena of knitting is important in society and an explanation of the underlying currents for tourism. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a futurist's observations and reflections. Findings Why is knitting making a comeback? Consumers are shutting the door on the world and cocooning thus returning to the world of crafts and hobbies as a way to seek enjoyment. An interest in authenticity and the past as an escape from the present. Single people looking for something to do in an urban world, thus some consumers have turned to knitting. Today, the authors are seeing niche holiday providers offering knitting cruises, knitting escapes and knitting adventures. For New Zealand the home Merrino wool knitting tourism has the potential to be bigger than bungy jumping (some would say). Originality/value The trends paper provides an insight of the key trends from a societal perspective of what knitting means and its manifestation as a tourism experience. The value to operators is understanding those trends in context of why the phenomena is occurring.
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Thorn, Vanessa C. "New Zealand sub-Antarctic phytoliths and their potential for past vegetation reconstruction." Antarctic Science 20, no. 1 (October 26, 2007): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102007000727.
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AbstractPhytoliths in the modern vegetation of sub-Antarctic Campbell Island are compared with those in the soil beneath to assess the accuracy of vegetation reconstructions made from dispersed phytolith assemblages. The soil phytoliths alone suggest the source vegetation is a grassland association for all study sites, which reflects none of the herb, fern or shrub component of the overlying vegetation. It is concluded that at this locality dispersed phytoliths on their own are not reliable indicators of source vegetation and should be used with caution in this context for palaeoecological studies. However, they can provide useful botanical information where all other organic material is absent. With further research, based on the abundance and diversity of Poaceae phytoliths observed in this and other studies, dispersed phytoliths from the fossil record have the potential to contribute significantly to the understanding of grassland ecosystem development in the geological past.
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Forster. "He Tātai Whenua: Environmental Genealogies." Genealogy 3, no. 3 (July 19, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy3030042.
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Whakapapa, an indigenous form of genealogy of the Māori people of Aotearoa New Zealand, is a powerful tool for understanding social phenomena. In this paper, the environmental histories of Aotearoa New Zealand are converted to whakapapa/genealogical sequences and kōrero tuku iho/narratives derived from whakapapa, to demonstrate this explanatory power. It is argued that whakapapa is much more than a method for mapping kinship relationships. Whakapapa enables vast amounts of information to be collated and analysed, to reveal a multitude of narratives. It also facilitates a critique of indigenous rights issues, revealing Māori agendas for environmental management. Therefore, the whakapapa sequences and narratives created as part of this paper provide an understanding that is not restricted to the grand narrative or the past as whakapapa is never-ending, dynamic, fluid and future-focused.
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Nairn, Karen, Joanna Kidman, Kyle R. Matthews, Carisa R. Showden, and Amee Parker. "Living in and out of time: Youth-led activism in Aotearoa New Zealand." Time & Society 30, no. 2 (January 30, 2021): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x21989858.
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Addressing past and present injustices in order to create more just futures is the central premise of most social movements. How activists conceptualise and relate to time affects 1 how they articulate their vision, the actions they take and how they imagine intergenerational justice. Two social movements for change are emblematic of different relationships with time: the struggle to resolve and repair past injustices against Indigenous peoples and the struggle to avert environmental disaster, which haunt the future of the planet. We report ethnographic research (interviews and participant observation) with young activists in these two social movements in New Zealand: Protect Ihumātao seeks to protect Indigenous land from a housing development, and Generation Zero is lobbying for a zero-carbon future. We argue that analysing activists’ articulations and sensations of time is fundamental to understanding the ways they see themselves in relation to other generations, their ethical imperatives for action and beliefs about how best to achieve social change. Protect Ihumātao participants spoke of time as though past, present and future were intertwined and attributed their responsibility to protect the land to past and future generations. Generation Zero participants spoke of time as a linear trajectory to a climate-altered future, often laying blame for the current crises on previous generations and attributing the responsibility for averting the crisis to younger generations. How activists conceptualise time and generational relations therefore has consequences for the attribution of responsibility for creating social change. Understanding and learning about temporal diversity across social movements is instructive for expanding our thinking about intergenerational responsibility which might inform ways of living more respectfully with the planet.
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Gibson, Lindsay, Andrea Milligan, and Carla Peck. "Addressing the elephant in the room: Ethics as an organizing concept in history education." Historical Encounters: A journal of historical consciousness, historical cultures, and history education 9, no. 2 (August 8, 2022): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52289/hej9.205.
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Ethics is the proverbial ‘elephant in the room’ in history education in settler-colonial nations. It is foundational to teaching and learning history and engaging with the ongoing effects of the past in the present. Yet its place in history curricula and teaching continues to be ignored, understated, confused, and challenged. This article illustrates how ethical judgment is central to four commonly identified rationales for teaching history in schools: citizenship education, historical consciousness, historical thinking, and difficult histories. The article urges more explicit attention to ethics as an organizing concept in history education to enable students to appreciate the complex lived realities that constitute history and to explore the diverse perspectives that have contributed to sometimes-difficult decisions. We argue that ethics can humanize history, enrich students’ historical understandings, and offer a usable past. However, given the varied approaches to ethical judgment across the four orientations to teaching history, we stress the need for the mindful deployment of ethical judgment in curriculum design. Using an example from the 2021 draft Aotearoa New Zealand’s Histories curriculum, we demonstrate what “ethical judgment” could be called upon to do, and the impoverished approach to history education that would exist without it.
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Garrison, Nanibaa’ A., Māui Hudson, Leah L. Ballantyne, Ibrahim Garba, Andrew Martinez, Maile Taualii, Laura Arbour, Nadine R. Caron, and Stephanie Carroll Rainie. "Genomic Research Through an Indigenous Lens: Understanding the Expectations." Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 20, no. 1 (August 31, 2019): 495–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-083118-015434.
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Indigenous scholars are leading initiatives to improve access to genetic and genomic research and health care based on their unique cultural contexts and within sovereign-based governance models created and accepted by their peoples. In the past, Indigenous peoples’ engagement with genomicresearch was hampered by a lack of standardized guidelines and institutional partnerships, resulting in group harms. This article provides a comparative analysis of research guidelines from Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the United States that pertain to Indigenous peoples. The goals of the analysis are to identify areas that need attention, support Indigenous-led governance, and promote the development of a model research policy framework for genomic research and health care that has international relevance for Indigenous peoples.
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Neill, Carol, Rachael Bell, Michael Belgrave, Peter Meihana, and Geoff Watson. "What for the future, from learning the past?" New Zealand Annual Review of Education 27 (November 24, 2022): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/nzaroe.v27.8029.
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Important curriculum development work has progressed since the 2019 announcement that Aotearoa New Zealand histories would become compulsory learning across all schools. Much effort has gone into considering how learning ‘our’ histories can engage, inspire and empower children in schools through years 1 to 10, and recent writing has focused on how to address challenges in building knowledge and capability to meet those aims. However, what will be the effects beyond those years? Will students still be drawn to choose history in their senior school years, or will they be ‘over it’? In a quest to gauge the implications of the new curriculum, our research team surveyed secondary school history students on their motivations and areas of interest in learning history, and their views on Aotearoa New Zealand history becoming compulsory for Years 1-10.
Findings from our research confirmed that students’ past engagement with history influenced their ongoing interest, motivation and understanding of the subject. However, the positive learning that had drawn them to history was often about everyone else’s history rather than their own. Students identified international histories – often involving war or conflict – as favourite topics. So, while most supported the implementation of the new curriculum, they equally expressed concern that the local focus should not be at the expense of wider perspectives. They felt history could become repetitive and boring; elements which could put students off engaging with history in future. We conclude by presenting important considerations for ensuring such negative impacts do not occur.
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Stephens, Māmari. "Seeking the Common Good or Just Making Us be Good? Recent Amendment to New Zealand's Social Security Law." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 44, no. 2 (September 1, 2013): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v44i2.4997.
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New Zealand's social security system was born out of a vision of society consistent with a definition of the common good informed by Christian ethics. The past 30 years, in particular, have seen fierce ideological battles fought between the left and right over the extent, coverage, and generosity of the system. Yet a remnant of the vision of the common good remains, whereby individuals can have some access, by virtue of social security, to the sufficient conditions of social life to be free enough to find some level of fulfilment in that life. However, the freedom to be good, as is also required by a broad understanding of the common good, is under threat within New Zealand's social security law. Social security law asserts a vision, and not a coherent one, of what it means to be good in New Zealand society. Newly minted social obligations in the Social Security Act 1964 go beyond the purposes of the legislation; being unconnected to relieving need, maintaining fiscal prudence, or even seeking paid employment as a means of achieving welfare. These modern moral obligations ensure that beneficiaries' freedom to choose to live life in a way consonant with the common good is frustrated, if not substantially abrogated, striking the wrong balance between the law's protection of individual autonomy and its implementation of social imperatives in pursuit of the common good.
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Olssen, Erik. "Problematising New Zealand’s imperial past." History Australia 14, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 679–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14490854.2017.1384303.
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Aranui, Amber Kiri. "Restitution or a Loss to Science? Understanding the Importance of Māori Ancestral Remains." Museum and Society 18, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v18i1.3245.
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For the past 20 years, the main focus of repatriation-related publications has been how the return of human remains has affected the institutions in which the remains reside. Be that with regard to the loss to science or public good, or changes in the way human remains are now cared for, treated, displayed, and stored. But what about the effects on the descendant communities from which these remains originate? There are some examples of Indigenous perspectives regarding the importance of repatriation in the literature, but these are few and far between by comparison. This article examines the importance of returning Māori ancestral remains back to descendant communities, and the development of the repatriation movement in Aotearoa New Zealand. The ethical consideration relating to research on Māori ancestral remains is also explored to understand how scientific research is viewed and used in the Aotearoa New Zealand context. Certain academics and scientists have commented over the years that repatriation is a loss to science and a purely political ploy. It is hoped that by sharing some of the impacts that are dealt with from a Māori perspective, that there is a better understanding of how this effects indigenous communities all around the world.
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Reese, Elaine. "What Children Say When They Talk About the Past." Narrative Inquiry 9, no. 2 (December 31, 1999): 215–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.9.2.02ree.
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The study of children's spontaneous talk about the past is critical to understanding narrative and autobiographical memory development. Mothers of 59 New Zealand children recorded their spontaneous talk about past events. In Study 1, mothers recorded children's verbal memories at 25 and 32 months. Study 2 consisted of one child's verbal memories from 14.5 to 19.5 months of age. The results from both studies revealed that children progressed from talking about absent objects and locations to mentioning more complex aspects of events. At first, children's verbal memories were largely cued by the environment, but children were capable of internally cued memories from a very young age. Children's verbal memory development was not completely dependent on their language skill. Children's spontaneous memories focused on much more mundane events than those adults chose to discuss with their young children. The shift in what children find interesting to encode and discuss, along with their skill in narrating events to others, may contribute to the beginning of autobiographical memory.
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Sharp, Emma L., Jillian Haszard, Victoria Egli, Rajshri Roy, Lisa Te Morenga, Lauranna Teunissen, Paulien Decorte, Isabelle Cuykx, Charlotte De Backer, and Sarah Gerritsen. "Less Food Wasted? Changes to New Zealanders’ Household Food Waste and Related Behaviours Due to the 2020 COVID-19 Lockdown." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 7, 2021): 10006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810006.
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Food waste is a crisis of our time, yet it remains a data gap in Aotearoa New Zealand’s (NZ’s) environmental reporting. This research contributes to threshold values on NZ’s food waste and seeks to understand the impact of the 2020 COVID-19 lockdown on household food waste in NZ. The data presented here form part of the ‘Covid Kai Survey’, an online questionnaire that assessed cooking and food planning behaviours during the 2020 lockdown and retrospectively before lockdown. Of the 3028 respondents, 62.5% threw out food ‘never’/‘rarely’ before lockdown, and this number increased to 79.0% during lockdown. Participants who wasted food less frequently during lockdown were more likely to be older, work less than full-time, and have no children. During lockdown, 30% and 29% of those who ‘frequently’ or ‘sometimes’ struggled to have money for food threw out food ‘sometimes or more’; compared with 20% of those who rarely struggled to have money for food (p < 0.001). We found that lower levels of food waste correlated with higher levels of cooking confidence (p < 0.001), perceived time (p < 0.001), and meal planning behaviours (p < 0.001). Understanding why food waste was generally considerably lower during lockdown may inform future initiatives to reduce food waste, considering socio-economic and demographic disparities.
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Gibson, Kass. "More Than Murder: Ethics and Hunting in New Zealand." Sociology of Sport Journal 31, no. 4 (December 2014): 455–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2014-0106.
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In this article I examine the practice of hunting in New Zealand with particular reference to the ways in which hunters make sense of hunting, the embodied experience of hunting, and the moral status of animals. Drawing on ethnographic and interview data I reflect on how the practice and understanding of hunting is guided by a form of relational ethics. As such, the social and historical development of hunting in New Zealand and meaningful connections made with the environment and animals developed through the practice of hunting work to guide hunter’s ethical perspectives rather than any universalized philosophical principles or rules. I argue that by hunting, hunters recognize and consciously engage with multiple standpoints and interests in the backcountry environment in a manner that presents particular challenges to critical studies of human-animal interactions that are frequently unable to look past hunting as killing. As such, this article works to explicate the “experiential and cultural complexities” (Marvin, 2011 p.123) of hunting with particular emphasis on the development of an ethical perspective that guides hunters in New Zealand without seeking to judge, or defend, hunting and hunters.
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Fitzharris, Blair, Wendy Lawson, and Ian Owens. "Research on glaciers and snow in New Zealand." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 23, no. 4 (December 1999): 469–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339902300402.
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The glaciers and snowfields of the Southern Alps of New Zealand are the most significant in the Southern Hemisphere outside Antarctica and South America. The most substantial data on Southern Hemisphere glacier fluctuations come from New Zealand. The nature and behaviour of New Zealand's glaciers are also of wider scientific interest, because they are highly sensitive, high input-output systems that represent the temperate, maritime end of the glacier process-behaviour continuum. The areal extent and volume of glaciers and snow are outlined and an assessment is made of their scientific relevance and of their importance as resources and hazards. The main themes and progress of research on glaciers and snow, including snow avalanches, are reviewed. Glacier research has concentrated on only a few key glaciers and has focused on understanding glacier change. Main topics covered in this review relate to this focus and include fluctuations in termini, other mass balance signals and response to climate variability. Research on mass balance processes, glacier dynamics and glacier hydrology is also outlined. Seasonal snow has received less attention until recently. The main emphasis has been on quantification and past variability and its contribution to river flow, particularly in the most important hydroelectric power catchments of the South Island. Some field measurements have been made of the energy balance over snow. Research on snow avalanches has grown as the demands of winter recreation and alpine tourism have increased the hazard. Research first concentrated on production of avalanche atlases for the most hazardous areas and on quantifying the nature of the hazard. Subsequently, there has been a shift towards more process studies that are related to avalanche formation and runout distance. The main gaps in research on glaciers and snow are identified and key areas for future work proposed. There is an urgent need, in particular, for glacier mass-balance measurements. Extensive data on snow structure need to be synthesized. Satellite imagery should be used for monitoring of seasonal snow. Snow melt during northwest storms needs to be better defined. A more developed engineering approach is required for the study of snow avalanches. New Zealand offers exciting possibilities for the study of cryospheric processes, including response to future climate change.
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VARGO, LAUREN J., BRIAN M. ANDERSON, HUW J. HORGAN, ANDREW N. MACKINTOSH, ANDREW M. LORREY, and MERIJN THORNTON. "Using structure from motion photogrammetry to measure past glacier changes from historic aerial photographs." Journal of Glaciology 63, no. 242 (December 2017): 1105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2017.79.
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ABSTRACTQuantifying historic changes in glacier size and mass balance is important for understanding how the cryosphere responds to climate variability and change. Airborne photogrammetry enables glacier extent and equilibrium line altitudes (ELAs) to be monitored for more glaciers at lower cost than traditional mass-balance programs and other remote-sensing techniques. Since 1977, end-of-summer-snowlines, which are a proxy for annual ELAs, have been recorded for 50 glaciers in the Southern Alps of New Zealand using oblique aerial photographs. In this study, we use structure from motion photogrammetry to estimate the camera parameters, including position, for historic photographs, which we then use to measure glacier change. We apply this method to a small maritime New Zealand glacier (Brewster Glacier, 1670–2400 m a.s.l.) to derive annual ELA and length records between 1981 and 2017, and quantify the uncertainties associated with the method. Our length reconstruction shows largely continuous terminus retreat of 365 ± 12 m for Brewster Glacier since 1981. The ELA record, which compares well with glaciological mass-balance data measured between 2005 and 2015, shows pronounced interannual variability. Mean ELAs range from 1707 ± 6 to 2303 ± 5 m a.s.l., with the highest ELAs occurring in the last decade.
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Moeke-Maxwell, Tess, Rawiri Wharemate, Stella Black, Kathleen Mason, Janine Wiles, and Merryn Gott. "Toku toa, he toa rangatira: A qualitative investigation of New Zealand Māori end of life care customs." International Journal of Indigenous Health 13, no. 2 (December 14, 2018): 30–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32799/ijih.v13i2.29749.
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Informal end of life caregiving will increase over the next 30 years in line with the anticipated increase in older Māori deaths. Of concern, New Zealand’s neo-colonial trajectory (loss of lands, cultural disenfranchisement, urban migration, ethnic diversity, global diaspora and changing whānau (family, including extended family) compositions) has restricted some indigenous whānau from retaining their end of life care customs. This article reports on a qualitative pilot study on Māori whānau end of life care customs undertaken to explore how those care customs contribute towards strengthening whānau resilience and bereavement. Five whānau, including thirteen individuals from diverse iwi (tribes), took part in one of six face to face interviews. Kaupapa Māori research methods informed the analysis. The findings report a high level of customary caregiving knowledge among older whānau carers as well as a cohesive whānau collective support system for this group. Tribal care customs were handed down via 1) enculturation with tribal principles, processes and practices 2) observing kaumātua processes and practices and 3) being chosen and prepared for a specific care role by kaumātua. Younger participants had strong cultural care values but less customary care knowledge. The pilot concluded the need for a larger systematic qualitative study of Māori tikanga (customs) and kawa (guidelines) as well as the development of participant digital stories to support a free online educational resource to increase understanding among whānau, indigenous communities and the health and palliative care sectors.
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Xiong, Chuyi, Ka Shing Cheung, and Olga Filippova. "Understanding the Spatial Effects of Unaffordable Housing Using the Commuting Patterns of Workers in the New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10070457.
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Commuting behaviour has been intensively examined by geographers, urban planners, and transportation researchers, but little is known about how commuting behaviour is spatially linked with the job and housing markets in urban cities. New Zealand has been recognised as one of the countries having the most unaffordable housing over the past decade. A group of middle-class professionals called ‘key workers’, also known during the pandemic as ‘essential workers’, provide essential services for the community, but cannot afford to live near their workplaces due to a lack of affordable housing. As a result, these key workers incur significant sub-optimal commuting. Such job-housing imbalance has contributed to a so-called spatial mismatch problem. This study aims to visualise the excess commuting patterns of individual workers using the Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI) from Statistics New Zealand. The visualisation suggests that over the last demi-decade, housing unaffordability has partially distorted the commuting patterns of key workers in Auckland. More of the working population, in particular those key workers, are displaced to the outer rings of the city. While there is an overall reduction in excess commuting across three groups of workers, key workers remain the working population with a disproportionate long excess commute.
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Warren, Victoria E., Rochelle Constantine, Michael Noad, Claire Garrigue, and Ellen C. Garland. "Migratory insights from singing humpback whales recorded around central New Zealand." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 11 (November 2020): 201084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201084.
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The migration routes of wide-ranging species can be difficult to study, particularly at sea. In the western South Pacific, migratory routes of humpback whales between breeding and feeding areas are unclear. Male humpback whales sing a population-specific song, which can be used to match singers on migration to a breeding population. To investigate migratory routes and breeding area connections, passive acoustic recorders were deployed in the central New Zealand migratory corridor (2016); recorded humpback whale song was compared to song from the closest breeding populations of East Australia and New Caledonia (2015–2017). Singing northbound whales migrated past New Zealand from June to August via the east coast of the South Island and Cook Strait. Few song detections were made along the east coast of the North Island. New Zealand song matched New Caledonia song, suggesting a migratory destination, but connectivity to East Australia could not be ruled out. Two song types were present in New Zealand, illustrating the potential for easterly song transmission from East Australia to New Caledonia in this shared migratory corridor. This study enhances our understanding of western South Pacific humpback whale breeding population connectivity, and provides novel insights into the dynamic transmission of song culture.
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Vance, J. M., K. I. Currie, C. S. Law, J. Murdoch, and J. Zeldis. "NZOA-ON: the New Zealand Ocean Acidification Observing Network." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 3 (2020): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19222.
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A national observing network has been operating over the past 4 years to inform the scientific and economic challenges of ocean acidification (OA) facing New Zealand. The New Zealand Ocean Acidification Observing Network (NZOA-ON) consists of 12 sites across varied coastal ecosystems. These ecosystems range from oligotrophic ocean-dominated systems to eutrophic river-dominated systems, with sites that are pristine or affected by agriculture and urbanisation. Fortnightly measurements of total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon provide the baseline of carbonate chemistry in these varied ecosystems and will facilitate detection of future changes, as well as providing a present-day baseline. The National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research and the University of Otago have developed a ‘grass-roots’ sampling program, providing training and equipment that enable sampling partners to collect field samples for analyses at a central laboratory. NZOA-ON leverages existing infrastructure and partnerships to maximise data captured for understanding the drivers of chemical changes associated with OA and ecological responses. NZOA-ON coordinates with and contributes to global initiatives to understand and mitigate the broader impacts of OA. A description of NZOA-ON is presented with preliminary analyses and comparison of data from different sites after the first 4 years of the network.
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Kiroff, Lydia. "The Power of Place: A Case Study of Auckland’s Design Creative Industries." Urban Studies Research 2017 (November 16, 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8952965.
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Auckland is New Zealand’s largest city which also has the largest concentration of creative sector employment and businesses in the country. This study examines the spatial logic of firms in the design creative subsector in inner Auckland to gain better understanding of the ways in which place, space, and built form determine location choices. Firms’ attributes are also analysed with the aim of ascertaining whether firms with shared characteristics have similar spatial behaviour. Despite a high degree of spatial clustering, the unequal distribution of firms across inner Auckland suggests that some areas, such as Parnell, are favoured more than others. Parnell’s unique heritage built environment was identified as a location factor that has appealed to architects, designers, and advertisers and has contributed to the formation of the area’s creative clusters. The quality of Parnell’s built environment was associated with place reputation and image branding which was an important part of creating firm’s identity. A central location and the attractiveness of an amenities-rich local environment also played a role in the decision-making process. Furthermore, the results also suggest that firms that possess common characteristics have similar spatial logic and make similar location choices.
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Bourassa, Steven C., and Song Shi. "Understanding New Zealand’s decline in homeownership." Housing Studies 32, no. 5 (September 23, 2016): 693–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2016.1228851.
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Thorburn, Natalie. "Consent, coercion and autonomy: Underage sex work in Aotearoa New Zealand." Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 28, no. 1 (July 8, 2016): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol28iss1id114.
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INTRODUCTION: Adolescents’ involvement in sex work in New Zealand has been associated with a range of adverse effects on physical, psychological, and social well-being, and is framed by domestic legislation and international obligations.AIM: The study aimed to ascertain the nature of adolescents’ experiences of sex work, and how their current and past environments impacted on their understanding of their involvement in sex work.METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were used with a sample of eight adolescents aged 16-20 who became involved with sex work between ages 12 and 16.FINDINGS: The study found that participants’ exposure to physical and sexual abuse in childhood had informed their internal working models of normative gendered behaviour. These models were then reinforced by exposure to the gendered power differential inherent in the sex work sub-culture. Participants experienced sexual experiences as being solely dictated by men, and frequently normalised transgressions against physical and/or sexual integrity.CONCLUSION: The prevalence and acceptance of gendered harm among this population group indicates the need to appropriately address vulnerable adolescents’ abuse histories, challenge restrictive conceptions of gender, and actively combat the pervasive presence of gendered violence and inequality among this population group.
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Thon, Heather, and Amy Krist. "Interactions Between the Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail (Potamopyrgus Antipodarum) and a Native Snail (Fossaria Bakerilymnaea Bulimoides Group) in the Greater Yeelowstone." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 33 (January 1, 2011): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2011.3815.
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Understanding invasive species impacts is critical to determining how an ecosystem may function after an introduction. Invasive species can alter the structure and function of ecosystems, reduce biological diversity, and alter communities through predation, facilitation and competition. In the past 30 years, the invasive New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) has established in areas of conservation concern in the American West including Yellowstone National Park. To develop a greater understanding of the impact of P. antipodarum on the native co-occurring snail, Fossaria (Bakerilymnaea) bulimoides group, we conducted two experiments to assess the interactions occurring between these snails. We found that F. bulimoides growth was reduced by all interactors, but especially by P. antipodarum. In addition, growth of F. bulimoides was much more affected by high biomass of snails than P. antipodarum. P. antipodarum grew more in the presence of interactors and their growth was facilitated by the presence of the native snail F. bulimoides.
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Tsui, Wai Hong Kan, Faruk Balli, David Tat Wei Tan, Oscar Lau, and Mudassar Hasan. "New Zealand business tourism." Tourism Economics 24, no. 4 (September 25, 2017): 386–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816617731387.
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Business tourism has brought significant benefits to New Zealand’s tourism industry and economy. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the impact of economic uncertainty on New Zealand’s business tourism. The panel data gravity model and the maximally correlated portfolio are used to investigate the impacts of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) indices of New Zealand and its key trading partners, along with tourism and aviation-related factors, on New Zealand’s business tourist flows from 2008 to 2015. The findings suggest that two economic factors (New Zealand’s EPU index and bilateral trade volumes) and two noneconomic factors (flying distance and total direct flight seats) are statistically significant in explaining some of the variations in business tourism flows. The results have important policy implications for New Zealand’s policymakers in understanding business visitor demands and planning their tourism strategies.
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WILSON, KIM. "The Past Re-imagined: Memory and Representations of Power in Historical Fiction for Children." International Research in Children's Literature 1, no. 2 (December 2008): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2008.0001.
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This article argues that historical fiction functions as a collective memory: it provides a social framework for recollections that speak of a national agenda often through personal experiences. Taking as its examples three Australian and New Zealand fictions for children and young adults, from the late twentieth and early twentieth-first century, the article examines texts that focus on how we remember the past and what aspects of that past should be remembered: Memorial (1999), a picture book by Gary Crew (author) and Shaun Tan (illustrator), The Divine Wind (1998) by Garry Disher, and The Swap (2004) by Wendy Catran. Close analysis of these texts suggests that, like memory itself, historical fiction tends to eulogise the past. In historical fiction, for children especially, whilst power relations of cultural significance can be perpetuated, they can also be re-positioned or re-invented in order to re-imagine the past. Shifts in the present understanding of past power relationships contribute towards the reinvention of race relations, national ideologies and the locus of political dissent. The article concludes that historical fiction, because of its simultaneous claim to fact and imagination, can be a powerful and cunning mode of propaganda.
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Rocha1, Cristina. "Establishing the John of God Movement in Australia." Ethnologies 33, no. 1 (February 14, 2012): 143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1007800ar.
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João de Deus (John of God) is a Brazilian faith healer who has been attracting a large number of followers outside his country. In the past decade, he has conducted international healing events in Germany, the US, and New Zealand, among others. As a consequence, John of God’s story has been told in documentaries on North American, British, Australian, and New Zealand television. Many of these documentaries have been uploaded by followers on You Tube. Such global exposure has been accompanied by intense flows of people, ideas, and commodities between Casa de Dom Inácio (John of God’s healing centre in Brazil) and these countries. In this paper, I track flows between Australia and Brazil. I argue that the position of Australia as a colonial-settler society, where the aboriginal population has suffered immense loss, entails a different understanding of John of God’s particular brand of Spiritism. For many followers, the arrival of the ‘entities’ (spirits John of God incorporates) is perceived as a way to heal the wounds of the land. Such understanding is not found among Spiritists and John of God followers in Brazil, although the country also has a history of dispossession and suffering among indigenous peoples.
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Li, X., J. G. Prebble, P. J. de Lange, J. I. Raine, and L. Newstrom-Lloyd. "Discrimination of pollen of New Zealand mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium agg.) and kānuka (Kunzea spp.) (Myrtaceae)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): e0269361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269361.
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The very similar appearance of pollen of the New Zealand Myrtaceous taxa Leptospermum scoparium s.l. (mānuka) and Kunzea spp. (kānuka) has led palynologists to combine them in paleoecological and melissopalynological studies. This is unfortunate, as differentiation of these taxa would improve understanding of past ecological change and has potential to add value to the New Zealand honey industry, where mānuka honey attracts a premium price. Here, we examine in detail the pollen morphology of the 10 Kunzea species and a number of Leptospermum scoparium morphotypes collected from around New Zealand, using light microscopy, SEM, and Classifynder (an automated palynology system). Our results suggest that at a generic level the New Zealand Leptospermum and Kunzea pollen can be readily differentiated, but the differences between pollen from the morphotypes of Leptospermum or between the species of Kunzea are less discernible. While size is a determinant factor–equatorial diameter of Leptospermum scoparium pollen is 19.08 ± 1.28 μm, compared to 16.30 ± 0.95 μm for Kunzea spp.–other criteria such as surface texture and shape characteristics are also diagnostic. A support vector machine set up to differentiate Leptospermum from Kunzea pollen using images captured by the Classifynder system had a prediction accuracy of ~95%. This study is a step towards future melissopalynological differentiation of mānuka honey using automated pollen image capture and classification approaches.
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Pickles, Katie. "Webs of Empire: Locating New Zealand’s Colonial Past." Journal of Historical Geography 53 (July 2016): 115–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2015.10.006.
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Sheehan, Mark. "“A degree of latitude”: Thinking historically and making holistic judgements about internally assessed NCEA course work." Set: Research Information for Teachers, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18296/set.0307.
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This article draws on a recent New Zealand study of how young people learn to think critically about the past when they conduct internally assessed course work. The research demonstrated that, although students can develop advanced understandings of historical thinking when they conduct research projects, this development is largely dependent on how well teachers understand the conceptual nature of historical thinking. Teachers who understand how the discipline of history operates are more consistent and accurate in making judgements, able to provide specific feedback to students during the research process and they structure their assessment tasks to reflect historical thinking concepts. In the high-stakes internal assessment environment of NCEA understanding how the concepts of historical thinking drive teaching and learning at this level matters. It provides a robust, disciplinary framework that teachers can draw on when they are judging students’ work. This framework equips them to have the confidence to mark holistically when this is appropriate and to see the criteria as a guide.
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Bennett, Tim. "Current Developments in the New Zealand Stock Exchange." Applied Finance Letters 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2013): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/afl.v2i2.12.
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New Zealand’s capital markets are riding on the crest of a wave. But unlike past peaks inthe equity market that have been few and far between, the wave we are currently ridingis the first in a set of breakers that will transform our capital markets and support a stepfunction change in New Zealand’s economic growth.
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Carpenter, Raymond J., Myall Tarran, and Robert S. Hill. "Leaf fossils of Proteaceae subfamily Persoonioideae, tribe Persoonieae: tracing the past of an important Australasian sclerophyll lineage." Australian Systematic Botany 30, no. 2 (2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb16045.
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Fossils from the Eocene of South Australia and Western Australia and the Oligo–Miocene of Victoria represent the first known Australian leaf fossils of subfamily Persoonioideae, tribe Persoonieae. Persoonieaephyllum blackburnii sp. nov. is described from Middle Eocene Nelly Creek sediments near Lake Eyre, South Australia. Persoonieae are an important clade for understanding vegetation transitions in Australasia. The Nelly Creek leaf fossils are small (~6mm wide) and belong to an assemblage that has some characteristics of open vegetation, which is also inferred for the Oligo–Miocene of the Latrobe Valley, Victoria. In contrast, the Western Australian Late Eocene Persoonieae occur with diverse Lauraceae and other elements now typical of closed rainforests, and may, therefore, have been derived from communities that are unlike those in which most Persoonieae now occur. All fossil Persoonieae leaves so far known are hypostomatic (or virtually so), a state of stomatal distribution now only found in species of reasonably mesic habitats in New Zealand, New Caledonia and eastern Australian eucalypt forests. The ancestral state of stomatal distribution in Persoonieae leaves is unclear, but evidence suggests ancient associations of amphistomaty with open habitats, evolutionary loss of adaxial stomata in more closed vegetation, and the evolution of pronounced xerophylly within south-western Australian heathlands.
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Sarmah, Ajit K., Karin Müller, and Riaz Ahmad. "Fate and behaviour of pesticides in the agroecosystem—a review with a New Zealand perspective." Soil Research 42, no. 2 (2004): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03100.
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Pesticides are indispensable in modern agricultural production; however, their off-site migration and detrimental effects on surface water and groundwater quality cause concern. Current pesticide usage and trend data show pesticide use is widespread in New Zealand. According to national surveys, concentrations of most pesticides in groundwater are usually low, and their occurrence has been attributed to non-point sources of contamination. Although it is well established that the environmental fate of pesticides is governed by complex interactions of many processes such as sorption, degradation, and transport, our understanding of these basic mechanisms in the vadoze zone is too far from complete to predict quantitatively the fate of trace residues of pesticides in various soil types within one geographical location. This is mainly due to the vexing issue of the complex nature of soil and its lateral heterogeneity, such as spatial and temporal variability in field-scale. The use of simulation models to predict the environmental fate of pesticides using laboratory- and field-derived parameters is discussed. The objective of this overview is to present past and recent environmental fate work on pesticides carried out under New Zealand conditions, to provide a wider perspective on the subject matter, and to give some recommendations for future research directions.
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Boast, Alexander P., Laura S. Weyrich, Jamie R. Wood, Jessica L. Metcalf, Rob Knight, and Alan Cooper. "Coprolites reveal ecological interactions lost with the extinction of New Zealand birds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 7 (February 12, 2018): 1546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712337115.
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Over the past 50,000 y, biotic extinctions and declines have left a legacy of vacant niches and broken ecological interactions across global terrestrial ecosystems. Reconstructing the natural, unmodified ecosystems that preceded these events relies on high-resolution analyses of paleoecological deposits. Coprolites are a source of uniquely detailed information about trophic interactions and the behaviors, gut parasite communities, and microbiotas of prehistoric animal species. Such insights are critical for understanding the legacy effects of extinctions on ecosystems, and can help guide contemporary conservation and ecosystem restoration efforts. Here we use high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of ancient eukaryotic DNA from coprolites to reconstruct aspects of the biology and ecology of four species of extinct moa and the critically endangered kakapo parrot from New Zealand (NZ). Importantly, we provide evidence that moa and prehistoric kakapo consumed ectomycorrhizal fungi, suggesting these birds played a role in dispersing fungi that are key to NZ’s natural forest ecosystems. We also provide the first DNA-based evidence that moa frequently supplemented their broad diets with ferns and mosses. Finally, we also find parasite taxa that provide insight into moa behavior, and present data supporting the hypothesis of coextinction between moa and several parasite species. Our study demonstrates that HTS sequencing of coprolites provides a powerful tool for resolving key aspects of ancient ecosystems and may rapidly provide information not obtainable by conventional paleoecological techniques, such as fossil analyses.
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(Lisa) Langer, E. R., and Tara K. McGee. "Wildfire risk awareness and prevention by predominantly Māori rural residents, Karikari Peninsula, Aotearoa New Zealand." International Journal of Wildland Fire 26, no. 9 (2017): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf16133.
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Worldwide, people use fire for a variety of purposes. Although researchers have learned how fire is used in many parts of the globe, relatively little is known about wildfire risk awareness and prevention activities by fire users. This paper presents results of a qualitative study in the Far North, Aotearoa New Zealand, where fire is used by residents primarily for burning vegetation on rural properties and household rubbish. Semistructured interviews and a focus group were completed with 25 predominantly Indigenous Māori residents to examine residents’ wildfire risk awareness, fire use and wildfire prevention. Participants’ high level of awareness of the local wildfire risk was due to their understanding of the local environment, past wildfires, attachments to land, information passed down within Māori whānau (extended families), and the local rural fire force. Awareness of the local wildfire risk, attachments to land, and efforts by the local fire force and residents encouraged participants to use fire safely, and abide by and carry out wildfire prevention initiatives. However, there was evidence of fire use contravening fire prevention regulations, including burning during restricted seasons without a permit and in prohibited seasons. Recommendations are provided to encourage safe fire use in Northland and beyond.
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Riley, Sarah, and Klara Paskova. "A post-phenomenological analysis of using menstruation tracking apps for the management of premenstrual syndrome." DIGITAL HEALTH 8 (January 2022): 205520762211441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221144199.
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Objectives Menstruation tracking digital applications (MTA) are a popular technology, yet there is a lacuna of research on how women use this technology for the management of PMS. Theoretical frameworks for understanding users’ experiences are also underdeveloped in this nascent field. The objectives of the study were therefore twofold, to propose a theoretical framework for understanding women's use of MTA and apply it to the analysis of users’ experiences in the management of PMS. Method A novel theoretical framework was proposed, informed by post-phenomenology, postfeminist healthism, feminist new materialism and digital health technologies as public pedagogy. This framework focuses analytic attention on affective relationships between subjectivity, bodily sensations, digital technology, and discourse. It was used to structure the analysis of five in-depth timeline interviews with women in Aotearoa New Zealand who experienced benefits from using MTA to manage PMS symptoms. Results Three pedagogical relationships were identified: a pedagogy of empowerment, where users learnt to control, predict and manage their PMS symptoms in line with healthism; a pedagogy of appreciation, where users learnt to understand their menstruating bodies as amazing, a valued part of them, and awe-inspiring that radically overturned past internalised stigma; and an ‘untrustworthy teacher’ who eroded this affirmative learning through inaccuracy, positioning users in dis-preferred categories, or being ‘creepy’. Conclusions MTA offers huge possibilities for challenging menstrual stigma that need to be nurtured, developed, and protected; and there are benefits for analysing MTA within wider scholarship on postfeminist healthism.
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Battersby, John. "The Ghost of New Zealand’s Terrorism Past and Present." National Security Journal 1, no. 1 (October 2019): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36878/nsj201901.35.
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The attack on two Christchurch Mosques in March 2019 was met with shock by New Zealanders and those from many other countries. There were clear assumptions expressed in the media, by commentators, politicians and even a few supposed ‘experts’ that this was a new experience for New Zealand. Overseas expertise was instantly sought to deal with a problem apparently not encountered before. This article addresses the assumption of the non-existence of terrorism in New Zealand by outlining its impact here over the past 50 years, and contends that local experience should be given strong consideration in approaching current and future terrorist threats. While the scale of the Christchurch attack was unprecedented, lone actors driven by extremist ideologies to engage in violence to send a political message to New Zealanders, is nothing new. New Zealand would not have been caught so unprepared if it had paid more attention to key events in the recent past, and taken steps to mitigate terrorist risks that could have been foreseen.
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Cossu, R., A. L. Forrest, H. A. Roop, G. B. Dunbar, M. J. Vandergoes, R. H. Levy, P. Stumpner, and S. G. Schladow. "Seasonal variability in turbidity currents in Lake Ohau, New Zealand, and their influence on sedimentation." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 11 (2016): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15043.
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Layers of sediment that are deposited on the floor of Lake Ohau, New Zealand, offer a means to reconstruct past climate conditions in the Southern Hemisphere at subdecadal and annual resolution. A robust understanding of the modern physical processes that control the influx and dispersal of sediment in the lake is required to reconstruct climate from these sedimentary archives. In this study, water temperature and velocity measurements collected during 2012–13 were analysed to determine the primary physical processes that influence sediment transport in the lake. Sediment input from river inflow occurs throughout the year but exhibits strong seasonal variation. Large inflow events (Q>500m3s–1) that follow strong summer rainstorms trigger high-concentration turbidity currents, which are the main agents for sediment delivery and deposition. During winter, smaller turbidity currents also occur after rain events and contribute to annual sediment accumulation. In addition, large internal waves were observed during the summer and may influence sedimentation. In conclusion, several processes including river inflow, internal waves and convectively driven flows control sediment deposition and accumulation in the Lake Ohau system. We utilise these observations to establish a conceptual model to explain the observed infill stratigraphy in Lake Ohau and guide interpretation of the longer sedimentary record.
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Macfarlane, Angus, and Roger Motlzen. "Whiti ki runga! Gifted and talented Maori learners." Kairaranga 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2005): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54322/kairaranga.v6i2.32.
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The importance of identifying and nurturing the gifts and talents of young people is now more widely accepted in New Zealand than it has been in the past. In this country the approach to meeting this challenge must reflect an understanding and acknowledgement of Maori conceptions of giftedness and talent. It is proposed here that the under-representation of Maori students in programmes and provisions for the gifted and talented is partly due to a mismatch between the more traditional western European approaches in this area and Maori conceptions and practices. However, it is also contended that efforts in this area will continue to disadvantage gifted and talented Maori students if the broader issues of power and control are not addressed in schools.
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Thorpe, Clare, and Alisa Howlett. "Understanding EBLIP at an Organizational Level: An Initial Maturity Model." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29639.
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Abstract
Objective - Existing research around evidence based practice in the LIS (library and information science) professional context over the past two decades has captured the experience of individual practitioners, rather than the organization as a whole. Current models of evidence based library and information practice (EBLIP) relate to, and apply predominantly to, individuals or specific scenarios. Yet despite a growing demand from institutional and library leaders for evidence to demonstrate why investments in libraries should continue, little is known about how an organization can enhance its maturity in evidence based practice. This paper addresses this gap by seeking to understand what an evidence based university library looks like and answering the questions: how does a university library leader know the library’s service and practice is evidence based? How can a university library measure and progress its maturity in evidence based practice?
Methods - Sixteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with library professionals employed at Australian and New Zealand university libraries. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques. The interviews, combined with a literature review and environmental scan of evidence based practices in university libraries, informed the development of a draft capability maturity model as a framework for developing evidence based practice in university libraries.
Results - The model identifies and describes characteristics at five different levels of evidence based practice maturity from least mature (Ad hoc/Sporadic) to most mature (Transforming). Three dimensions of experience help to define the characteristics at each level of maturity and provide a framework to understand how a university library might develop its organizational capacity in evidence based library and information practice.
Conclusion - Library leaders and practitioners will benefit from the model as they seek to identify and build upon their evidence based practice maturity, enabling more robust decision-making, a deeper understanding of their clients and demonstration of value and impact to their stakeholders.
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Singh, Umang. "The Perceptions of digital technology at a New Zealand tertiary institution." Pacific Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning 4, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjtel.v4i1.118.
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The way educational institutions view certain technology has changed dramatically over the years, especially with the world lockdown in 2020. Understanding how digital technology is seen in an educational institution is the path to finding out how to improve and enhance the learning experience for students. A study by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) showed “digitalisation has been one of the main drivers of innovation in educational practices in the classroom in the past decade.” (Vlies, 2020)
The study examined how different members of a New Zealand tertiary education institution perceive digital technology in their respective areas of study. It examined how technology is viewed by students from differing degrees and levels, as well as how these views differ within the undergraduate and postgraduate levels of study. The perception of educators was also examined to see how different departments view the tools they use in their respective programmes and how it differs from both past and present students. The methodology behind the research was using a mixed-method research approach to gain both qualitative and quantitative data. This method would allow for the Sequential Explanatory Strategy (Terrell, 2012) to interpret the study. The strategy is done via the collection and analysis of quantitative data followed by the collection and analysis of qualitative data. The quantitative data collection used an online survey to collect a large, population of anonymous participants.
The online survey was conducted using the Qualtrics software and was administered amongst the population of the university. A particular focus was put on the undergraduate population, being the largest group of students, given their reliance on distance learning as a result of the lockdowns in New Zealand in 2020/21. The survey featured a multitude of questions to collect a mix of quantitative and qualitative data.
The findings from the initial survey highlighted departments at the institution that have a stronger positive outlook towards using a higher amount digital technology in their curriculum. There was a subgroup that still preferred a more practical, face-to-face approach. In response to a question regarding whether digital technology adoption may be lagging in certain programmes/disciplines, the majority of participants gave the unknown response with the second-highest group saying it was likely. The main reason participants gave for the lag of adoption of digital technology was the underfunding of programmes, with some participants further suggesting a possible correlation between underfunding, understaffing and inadequate training. The latter coheres with the OECD study, with training being one of two key aspects of education policies: “First, teachers need sufficient training to deploy and teach about digital technologies. Second, countries need a standard for digital skills and literacy for students.” (Vlies, 2020)
Ongoing follow-up interviews are currently being conducted to supplement the data from the online survey results. This study will be of interest to curriculum developers, decision-makers, policymakers, future students, educators, technologists, and other educational institution staff.
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Rowley, David B. "Phanerozoic reconstructions: What and how do we know it." Paleontological Society Special Publications 6 (1992): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200008133.
Full textAbstract:
Paleobiogeography will play an important role in furthering our understanding of global change, particularly with respect to providing constraints on past climates. As a result of this there is increasing emphasis within the paleontological community on the past spatial distributions of faunas, extinctions, and originations. Thus there is an increasing interest in reconstructions of the past distributions of continents, so that maps and paleo-latitudes of faunas, extinctions or originations can be determined. This results in an increasing need to understand the state of the art of global plate reconstructions through the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, and global continental reconstructions through the Paleozoic, i.e. what we know and how well do we know it. The talk will summarize our present understanding of Mesozoic and Cenozoic plate motions using computer animations followed by a brief summary of the present understanding of individual continental apparent polar wander paths (APWP's) as well as motions in the global frame. Global and continental mean poles at approximately 20 Ma intervals have been computed for all of the major continents of the Phanerozoic using data from Van der Voo (1992) and plate motions derived from a detailed analysis of Mesozoic and Cenozoic seafloor spreading data. Comparison of mean continental poles reconstructed into the same reference frame shows that although there is general agreement, statistically different pole positions are quite commonly observed. This is particularly true for the Late Cretaceous and pre-Late Jurassic of the northern Hemisphere, and has resulted in some controversy concerning appropriate Atlantic fits. The differences in predicted (or reconstructed) paleo-latitudes are not trivial, particularly for areas of esatern Gondwanaland such as Australia and New Zealand, and are not easily visualized from a simple comparison of mean pole positions. A final focus will be with regards to reconstructions of Asia. Comparison of recently published Permian global reconstructions in the McKerrow and Scotese (1989) volume demonstrates that vast differences of interpretation persist and that paleontologists among others cannot accept exisiting reconstructions uncritically.
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Richardson, K. S., C. Rouco, C. Jewell, N. P. French, B. M. Buddle, and D. M. Tompkins. "Investigating brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) home-range size determinants in a New Zealand native forest." Wildlife Research 44, no. 4 (2017): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16215.
Full textAbstract:
Context The Australian brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) introduction to New Zealand has exacted a heavy toll on native biodiversity and presented the country with its greatest wildlife reservoir host for bovine tuberculosis (TB). Management efforts to control both possums and TB have been ongoing for decades, and the biology of possums has been studied extensively in Australia and New Zealand over the past 50 years; however, we still do not have a clear understanding of its home-range dynamics. Aims To investigate determinants of home range size by using a uniquely large dataset in the Orongorongo Valley, a highly monitored research area in New Zealand and compare our findings with those of other studies. Methods Possum density was estimated, for subpopulations on four 13-ha cage-trap grids, by the spatially explicit capture–mark–recapture analysis of trapping data from 10 consecutive months. Home ranges were estimated from trap locations using a 100% minimum convex polygon (MCP) method for 348 individuals and analysed with respect to grid, age and sex. Key results Mean (standard error) possum density, estimated as 4.87 (0.19), 6.92 (0.29), 4.08 (0.21) and 4.20 (0.19) ha–1 for the four grids, was significantly negatively correlated with mean MCP home-range size. Grid, age, and the interaction of age and sex were significantly related to home-range size. Older possums had larger home ranges than did younger possums. When ‘juvenile cohort’ and ‘adult cohort’ data were analysed separately, to investigate the significant interaction, males in the ‘adult cohort’ had significantly larger home ranges than did females, with the grid effect still being apparent, whereas neither sex nor grid effects were significant for the ‘juvenile cohort’. Conclusions Our findings indicate that, in addition to density, age and sex are likely to be consistent determinants of possum home-range size, but their influences may be masked in some studies by the complexity of wild-population dynamics. Implications Our findings have strong implications regarding both disease transmission among possums and possum management. The fact that adult males occupy larger home ranges and the understanding that possum home range increases as population density decreases are an indication that males may be the primary drivers of disease transmission in possum populations. The understanding that possum home range increases as population density decreases could be a direct reflection of the ability of TB to persist in the wild that counteracts current management procedures. If individuals, and particularly males, infected with TB can withstand control measures, their ensuing home-range expansion will result in possible bacteria spread in both the expanded area of habitation and new individuals becoming subjected to infection (both immigrant possums and other control survivors). Therefore, managers should consider potential approaches for luring possum males in control operations.
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Nakata, Martin, and Elizabeth Mackinlay. "Editorial." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 43, no. 2 (November 10, 2014): iii—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jie.2014.30.
Full textAbstract:
The quest to improve Indigenous people's access, participation and outcomes in education wherever we live in the world involves a concerted effort from all, and across all levels of education from the pre-school to the postgraduate sector. Improvements in these areas, as we have seen in past issues of The Australian Journal of Indigenous Education, are closely tied to improving other social and economic indicators in Indigenous lives, such as health, employment, governance and housing. The importance of research in the field of Indigenous education is a fundamental part of understanding the complexity of the issues, the level of constraints, as well as the many possibilities as we move forward in time. And, as practitioners of Indigenous education continue to keep looking for new ideas or examples of teaching and learning practice, AJIE continues to invite descriptions of educational practice and articulations of Indigenous experience from our readership. As educational research and practice have progressively become global, we have sought experiences beyond our Aeotorea/New Zealand and North American colleagues to countries and contexts that are less familiar to us. We are pleased to report that for our efforts in this regard, AJIE is now listed with SCOPUS, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature.