Academic literature on the topic 'Undersized'

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Journal articles on the topic "Undersized"

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Schwammenthal, Ehud. "Undersized and Overstretched." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 65, no. 5 (February 2015): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.068.

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Gorbatovskiy, Andrey, Irina Rakityanskaya, and Marina Kaledina. "Minced products from undersized sea fish: new industrial technology." Foods and Raw Materials 9, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2021-1-87-94.

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Introduction. The ever-growing world population and protein deficiency increase the demand for products of animal origin, especially fish-based. However, canned foods and fillets, which are the most popular types of fish products, are made from medium-sized and large fish. In spite of the fact that undersized fish is cheap, it requires manual processing and remains so time and labour consuming that it is utilized for non-food purposes. The research objective was to develop a new technology for processing undersized sea fish into minced ready-to-eat products. Study objects and methods. The study featured experimental samples of fish mince with texturing agents and food additives vs. control samples of pure fish mince. The experiment involved block-frozen Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens L.). The anchovy was minced without pre-defrosting, gutting, or beheading. The experimental and control samples underwent sensory evaluation and were tested for moisture content, water-binding capacity, and rheological properties using a PNDP-penetrometer. Results and discussion. Adding 3.6% of wheat fiber, ≤ 15% of pea flour, ≤ 10% of textured soy, and 12% of onion improved the sensory and technological profiles of the finished product. The recommended mass fraction of fish in the finished product did not exceed 55%, as a higher amount deteriorated the sensory quality of the product. The textured soy provided the optimal texture. The fish balls were cooked from the fish mince, which were deep-fried in breadcrumbs, received a high score for sensory properties and could be recommended as basis for various formulations. Conclusion. Minced undersized fish, traditionally used as fertilizers or crude product, proved to be an advantageous semi-finished and ready-to-eat product. The developed technology is relevant for most undersized block-frozen sea fish.
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Yao, Sheng Zhuo, Guo Dong Li, Fu Xin Zhang, and Lin Ge. "Study of Highway Crack Diagnosis Based on Cellular Neural Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 2013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.2013.

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Road quality information detect system is an important component in architecture quality detect system, also is the basement of successfully working of other related project for the whole country. The study of detecting the road crack is the key to insure the security of accurately detect the road quality in transportation system. In this paper, we come up with a fixed way of road undersized rift image detection by using cellular neural networks. By image processing, building rift networks and details networks and adding the model of similarity undersized rift networks. It can avoid the problem that can not accurately detect undersized crack by only taking the crack feature value. The experiment proved that fixed crack detect computing is easy to do, more accurate to detect the undersized cracks on the road and can reach the standard level of current detect technique.
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Björnsson, Björn, Jón Sólmundsson, and Ólafur K. Pálsson. "Can permanent closures of nearshore areas reduce the proportions of undersized fish in the Icelandic longline fishery?" ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 841–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu162.

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Abstract In recent years, about one-third of the cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) catches in Icelandic waters have been obtained with longline. Although longlining has been regarded as a conservation-oriented fishing method, a serious drawback of this fishing gear is the high catches of undersized fish. Our purpose was to locate areas where catches of undersized fish are high and consider if it may be feasible to close them permanently for longlining. Extensive length measurements used in the analysis were made by official inspectors on-board longliners during 2005–2013 in the main fishing area around Iceland. We found that the percentage of undersized cod (<55 cm total length) and haddock (<45 cm) in those samples decreased in relation to both depth and distance from shore. Our results suggest that permanent closures of large nearshore areas for longlining is a feasible option to reduce catch of undersized cod and haddock.
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Stocchero, Michele, Yohei Jinno, Marco Toia, Marianne Ahmad, Evaggelia Papia, Satoshi Yamaguchi, and Jonas P. Becktor. "Intraosseous Temperature Change during Installation of Dental Implants with Two Different Surfaces and Different Drilling Protocols: An In Vivo Study in Sheep." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 8 (August 11, 2019): 1198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081198.

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Background: The intraosseous temperature during implant installation has never been evaluated in an in vivo controlled setup. The aims were to investigate the influence of a drilling protocol and implant surface on the intraosseous temperature during implant installation, to evaluate the influence of temperature increase on osseointegration and to calculate the heat distribution in cortical bone. Methods: Forty Brånemark implants were installed into the metatarsal bone of Finnish Dorset crossbred sheep according to two different drilling protocols (undersized/non-undersized) and two surfaces (moderately rough/turned). The intraosseous temperature was recorded, and Finite Element Model (FEM) was generated to understand the thermal behavior. Non-decalcified histology was carried out after five weeks of healing. The following osseointegration parameters were calculated: Bone-to-implant contact (BIC), Bone Area Fraction Occupancy (BAFO), and Bone Area Fraction Occupancy up to 1.5 mm (BA1.5). A multiple regression model was used to identify the influencing variables on the histomorphometric parameters. Results: The temperature was affected by the drilling protocol, while no influence was demonstrated by the implant surface. BIC was positively influenced by the undersized drilling protocol and rough surface, BAFO was negatively influenced by the temperature rise, and BA1.5 was negatively influenced by the undersized drilling protocol. FEM showed that the temperature at the implant interface might exceed the limit for bone necrosis. Conclusion: The intraosseous temperature is greatly increased by an undersized drilling protocol but not from the implant surface. The temperature increase negatively affects the bone healing in the proximity of the implant. The undersized drilling protocol for Brånemark implant systems increases the amount of bone at the interface, but it negatively impacts the bone far from the implant.
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Maguire, Julie A., Alison Coleman, Stuart Jenkins, and Gavin M. Burnell. "Effects of dredging on undersized scallops." Fisheries Research 56, no. 2 (May 2002): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-7836(01)00322-8.

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Skopin, I. I., M. S. Latyshev, I. V. Slivneva, and D. V. Murysova. "Non-systematic review of the results of using the technique of secondary chords cutting in ischemic mitral insufficiency." Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya 25, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21688/1681-3472-2021-1-11-19.

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<p>The article presents a non-systematic literature review aimed at studying the efficacy and safety of using the technique of resection of secondary chords in ischaemic mitral insufficiency. The review includes studies comparing the use of an isolated undersized ring annuloplasty and undersized ring annuloplasty with chordal cutting. <br />This study is an analysis of publications devoted to the surgical treatment of patients with ischaemic mitral insufficiency (type IIIb according to A. Carpentier classification). Intervention on the subvalvular structures was of interest, particularly the use of a chordal cutting technique in combination with undersized ring annuloplasty versus isolated undersized ring annuloplasty.<br />The Patient Intervention Comparison Outcome (PICO) strategy was used to find articles. During the initial search, 72 articles were selected, of which 36 articles corresponded to the purpose of the search. After analysing the headings and abstracts, 14 articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Full-text copies were obtained for all of them. The review design included retrospective cohort studies. Articles in which the assessment of the effectiveness and safety of the technique was not the main topic of the study were excluded from the analysis. Samples of three articles were formed after reviewing and analysing the texts.<br />The results of the study found that the implementation of the combined operation—undersized ring annuloplasty plus secondary chordal cutting—is significantly more effective in comparison with an isolated undersized ring annuloplasty.</p><p>Received 28 July 2020. Revised 6 October 2020. Accepted 7 October 2020.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The study did not have sponsorship.</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> Authors declare no conflict of interest.</p>
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Shalabi, Manal M., Johannes G. C. Wolke, Anja J. E. de Ruijter, and John A. Jansen. "A Mechanical Evaluation of Implants Placed With Different Surgical Techniques Into the Trabecular Bone of Goats." Journal of Oral Implantology 33, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/0-827.1.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the effects of surgical technique and implant surface roughness on implant fixation. A total of 48 screw implants with machined or etched surface topographies were placed into the femoral condyles of goats. The implant sites were prepared by a conventional technique, by undersized preparation, or by the osteotome technique. Bone tissue responses were evaluated after 12 weeks of healing by removal torque testing and histologic analysis using scanning electron microscope. The cumulative removal torque value of the etched implants placed with the undersized technique (98 ± 29 Ncm) was higher (50 ± 35 Ncm) to a level of statistical significance than machined surface implants placed by the osteotome technique. Scanning electron microscope evaluation indicated that all implants showed interfacial bone contact. The torque test resulted in fracture at the bone-implant interface for all experimental conditions. Installation of etched implants using an undersized preparation of the implant bed resulted in superior bonding strength with the surrounding bone at 12 weeks after surgery. Evidently, the undersized preparation technique improved the early fixation of oral implants in this study.
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Camargo, Bernardo Alievi, Daniel Becker Nunes, Aloísio Oro Spazzin, Leonardo Federizzi, Christian Schuh, and Érica Alves Gomes. "Combining the effects of undersized drilling and bone density on implant insertion torque." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 15, no. 3 (August 11, 2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v15i3.8649981.

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Aim: This study evaluated the influence of surgical undersized drilling on insertion torque of an implant system at low bone density. Methods: Implant site preparations were made in two polyurethane foam blocks with different densities, where two preparation techniques were considered: Control group (C): conventional drilling, following the manufacturer’s instructions; and Group (E): undersized drilling, experimental technique using a final surgical drill with reduced diameter. The artificial bone blocks were selected based on density: D1 (0.64 g/cm3) and D2 (0.32 g/cm3). Three groups were considered according to the preparation technique and bone density used (n=10): CD1 – conventional drilling technique in artificial bone with higher density; CD2 – conventional drilling technique in artificial bone with lower density; and ED2 – undersized drilling in artificial bone with lower density. Externalhexagon implants (11 × 4 mm) were inserted and the insertion torque values were measured using a digital torque-meter. Data were submitted to one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results: The results showed significant statistical differences between groups (p<0.001), where the highest insertion torque was found for the Group CD1 (48.9 Ncm) followed by Group ED2 (22.6 Ncm) and Group CD2 (11.7 Ncm). Conclusions: The undersized drilling technique for implant site preparation leads to increased insertion torque on low bone density.
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Tabassum, A., X. F. Walboomers, J. G. C. Wolke, G. J. Meijer, and J. A. Jansen. "Bone Particles and the Undersized Surgical Technique." Journal of Dental Research 89, no. 6 (March 8, 2010): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034510363263.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Undersized"

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Qvarfordt, Jonas, and Jon Karlsen. "Solhybridassisterad bergvärmepump för svenska villor : Simuleringsmodell för dimensionering och parameteranalys." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84623.

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Minskat behov av köpt energi i svenska småhus kan komma att bli en viktig del i EU:s mål att effektivisera energianvändning och minska utsläppen av växthusgaser. Solhybridpaneler (eng. Photovoltaic thermal collector, förkort. PVT) kombinerat med bergvärmepump kan bidra till målen genom att minska värmepumpens elbehov, producera el för egenanvändning och leverera överskottsproduktion till elnätet. I svenska småhus finns det mer än 440 000 installerade berg-, jord- och sjövärmepumpar. I dagsläget är det vanligaste att en ny värmepump ersätter en äldre värmepump. Vid byte av bergvärmepump finns risk att det befintliga borrhålet är underdimensionerat i förhållande till den nya värmepumpen.  PVT består av en konventionell solcellspanel (PV) för elproduktion kompletterad med en termisk kollektor som hämtar termisk energi från PV-modulen och omgivande luft. Genom att överföra termisk energi från PVT till värmepumpens värmekälla minskar värmepumpens elbehov samtidigt som PV-modulens elproduktion ökar. Arbetet görs tillsammans med företaget Samster som bland annat är konstruktör och återförsäljare av PVT. Samster efterfrågar ett beräkningsverktyg för att underlätta projektering av PVT-assisterade bergvärmepumpar avsedda för villor. Verktyget ska bedöma prestanda,miljönytta och elkostnader utifrån platsspecifika förutsättningar och PVT-anläggningens dimensionering. Slutprodukt från arbetet består av en simuleringsmodell för dimensionering av PVT-assisterad bergvärme konstruerad i mjukvaran Simulink. Med simuleringsmodellen utförs analyser avyttre förutsättningar och systemkomponenter. Simuleringar under varierande förutsättningar utförs för att visa PVT-anläggningens påverkan på elanvändning och bergvärmepumpens effektivitet.  Genomförda analyser visar att geografiskt läge och temperaturförloppet i borrhålet har störst inverkan på PVT-assisterad bergvärme och att PVT är mest effektiva när de kopplas till en värmepump som hämtar energi från ett underdimensionerat borrhål. För en villa i Göteborgmed befinligt borrhål på 100 m och årligt värmebehov på 25 000 kWh kan komplettering med9,9 m2 PVT öka SPFVP från 2,65 till 2,82. Att komplettera bergvärmepump med 9,9 m2 PVTbidrar till att reducera villans elkostnad med 14 % och koldioxidutsläpp från elanvändning reduceras med 14 %. Kylning av PVT bidrar till att öka elproduktionen med 4 - 5 % på årsbasis. Riktvärde för lämplig dimension av PVT för att termiskt assistera bergvärmepump är 0,4 – 0,5 m2/MWh totalt uppvärmningsbehov.
Reducing the need for purchased energy in Swedish detached houses may become an important part of the EU's goal of streamlining energy use and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Photovoltaic thermal collector (PVT collector) combined with a borehole ground source heat pump can contribute to reaching the climate goals by reducing the heat pump's electricity demand, producing electricity for private use and generating a surplus production going into the electricity grid. In Swedish detached houses, there are more than 440,000 installed ground and lake water source heat pumps. At present, a new heat pump usually replaces an older heat pump. When replacing a borehole ground source heat pump, there is a risk that the existing borehole is undersized in relation to the new heat pump. PVT collectors consists of a conventional solar cell panel (PV) for electricity production supplemented with a thermal collector that collects thermal energy from the PV module and the surrounding air. By transferring thermal energy from PVT collector to the heat pump's heat source, the heat pump's electricity demand decreases while the PV module's electricity production increases. This thesis is a collaboration with Samster, a company that, among other things, designs PVTcollectors. Samster is requesting a calculation tool to facilitate the planning of PVT-assisted ground source heat pumps installations, intended for detached houses. The tool needs to assess performance, environmental benefits and electricity costs based on site-specific conditions and the dimensioning of the PVT collector installation. Finished product from the work consists of a simulation model for dimensioning PVTassisted geothermal heat systems constructed in the Simulink software. With the simulation model, analyses of external conditions and system components are performed. Simulations under varying conditions are performed to show the impact on electricity use and efficiency of the heat pump when PVT collectors are installed. Performed analysis show that geographical location and the temperature variations in the borehole have the greatest impact on the system performance and that PVT collectors are most effective when connected to a heat pump that draws energy from an undersized borehole. For a Swedish detached house located in Gothenburg with a 100-meter boreholeand an annual heat demand of 25,000 kWh, supplementation with 9.9 m2 PVT collectors can increase the heat pump´s SPFVP (seasonal performance factor) from 2.65 to 2.85. The electricity cost for the household is reduced by 14 % and carbon dioxide emissions from electricity use are reduced by 14 %.  Cooling of the PVT collectors PV cells contributes to increasing electricity production by 4 -5 % on an annual basis. Guide value for suitable dimensions for PVT collectors that assist a borehole ground source heat pump is 0,4 - 0,5 m2/MWh of total heating demand.
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Burns, Karen Mary. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of the Minimum Size Rule in the Red Grouper and Red Snapper Fisheries With Respect to J and Circle Hook Mortality and Barotrauma and the Consequences for Survival and Movement." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002928.

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Riley, Will. "We the undersigned." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28102.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Literature, Communication, and Culture, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: DiSalvo, Carl; Committee Member: Bogost, Ian; Committee Member: Klein, Hans; Committee Member: Murray, Janet; Committee Member: Pearce, Celia
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Forshaw, Philip David. "A simulation study of underside lead corrosion." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296649.

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Ware, Stuart R. "Theology of the incarcerated : views from the underside." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2007. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15133/.

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This thesis deals with the development of a contextual theology that explores the use of prison as punishment and its consequences from the perspective of those who have served a prison sentence. My painful journey through imprisonment and the early years following my release, are paralleled by my early struggles in the development of this thesis and my theological reflection. The result is the development of a hermeneutical model that begins with a critical reflection on the historical use of imprisonment as punishment. The next chapter contains extracts from my diaries of my time in prison (1996-97) and the years following my release up to 2001. Chapter Three contains an analysis of my interviews with sixty-two former prisoners in order to record their 'dangerous memories'. The second half of my thesis begins with the exploration of consciousnessraising in an attempt to understand control and surveillance techniques that continue to exclude the incarcerated and are used to govern our lives. Chapter Four also explores the concept of knowledge-power on the part of the Establishment, including the Church. Yet I find the powerless and excluded also have a knowledge-power. The fifth chapter is a biblical and theological reflection, based on the previous chapters that draw on contextual and liberation theologies. Due to my experiences that challenged my preconceived ideas of God, I produce a number of theological perspectives in my postmodern understanding of God in Jesus: the non-violent God who was incarcerated and executed, and in so doing, became our Liberator. The final chapter deals with post-incarceration praxis that challenges the scapegoat mentality that permeates our society, calling on the Church to recover its founding roots to become the Community of the Reconciled and to embrace the excluded.
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Foyn, Sean Flynn. "The underside of glory, AfriCanadian enlistment in the Canadian Expeditionary Force, 1914-1917." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ48151.pdf.

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Briggs, Jane Elizabeth. "Unravel and picking at scabs : the underside of grief (a novella and exegesis)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/49494/1/Jane_Briggs_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis consists of a 46,000 word polyphonic novella, Unravel, and an exegesis, Picking at Scabs: the Underside of Grief. The works are companion pieces, sitting side-by-side, and together they plumb the complex depths of loss and its resultant disorder, painful longing, and sorrow. The novella, representing 75% of the work and creative practice, is a multilayered work, which scrapes at the potent unspeakability of the presence of absence in the lives of its chief protagonists, Hana and Guy. As the novella progresses, loss is unraveled to reveal the interplay of remembering and forgetting, past and present and the ways in which these knotty fibres are connected with the strands of memory, trauma, silence, and the uncanny. Each of these threads is woven into the novella and as they plait together, loosen and fray, they expose the mystery, lies and secrets at the core of the novella. The exegesis, which comprises 25% of the thesis, picks at loss to uncover and loosen a complex and worn tangle of knots and loops. In this way, the exegesis and creative work are constantly in dialogue and while neither provides all the answers, both stretch the yarn to reveal an enthusiasm of practice.
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Dukic, Megan Marie. "Vibrating Kelvin Probe Measurements of a Silicon Surface with the Underside Exposed to Light." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19862.

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This thesis addresses the use of a vibrating Kelvin probe to monitor the change in the front surface potential of a silicon wafer while the rear surface is illuminated with monochromatic, visible light. Two tests were run to verify the change in surface potential. One test increased the intensity of the light and the other increased the wavelength while recording the front surface potential. The change in the surface potential for a range of intensities of incident light was recorded and analyzed. The results show that the change in surface potential increased with increasing intensity. For each wafer, the smallest change in surface potential occurred at the lowest intensity, 3.77 mW. In the same respect, the largest change in surface potential occurred at the highest intensity, 17.8 mW. For all wafers, the change in surface potential ranged from approximately 8 mV at 3.77 mW to approximately 80 mV at 17.8 mW. The change in the surface potential for a range of wavelengths of incident light was also recorded and analyzed. The results showed that the change in surface potential formed a skewed bell curve with increasing wavelength of incident light. For each wafer, the largest change in surface potential occurred at mid-range wavelengths, between 600 nm and 700 nm. The smallest change in surface potential occurred at 450 nm, the shortest wavelength, and 800 nm, the longest wavelength. For all wafers, the change in surface potential ranged from approximately 8 mV at 800 nm to approximately 165 mV at 700 nm. A model based on excess electron diffusion within the silicon wafer was used to predict material properties. After curve fitting the model with experimental results, an excess electron lifetime of ôN = 17 µs and surface recombination rates of sFRONT = sREAR = 18,000cm/s were predicted. These values suggest poor silicon wafer quality relative to commercial silicon devices. Regardless of the quality, the results show that the front surface potential of a silicon wafer is affected by incident light on the rear surface. The quantitative effect of the light is dependent on the properties of the light and the material properties of the silicon wafer.
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Tucker, Robert Smith. "Urban stormwater first flush analysis and treatment by an undersized constructed wetland /." 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08172007-180633/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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Ma, Liangzhuang. "Optimization of trawlnet codend mesh size to allow for maximal undersized fish release and a model consideration of towing time to the effects of the selection curve /." 2005.

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Books on the topic "Undersized"

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Webster, Leila. Vietnam's undersized engine: A survey of 95 larger private manufacturers. [Hanoi, Vietnam]: MPDF, 1999.

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Gelʹman, Aleksandr. We the undersigned. Woodstock, Ill: Dramatic Publishing Co., 1992.

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MacKenzie, Elizabeth. The underside of shadows. Edited by Randolph Jeanne 1943-, Brown Lorna 1958-, and Artspeak Gallery. Vancouver: Artspeak, 2002.

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The underside of joy. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2012.

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Nicholas, Evangeline. Looking from the underside. Austin, Tex: Steck-Vaughn Company, 1994.

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The underside of joy. London: HarperCollins, 2012.

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Halverson, Seré Prince. The underside of joy. Leicester: Charnwood, 2013.

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Hutchison, Joseph. The undersides of leaves: Poems. Denver, Colo: Wayland Press, 1985.

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Frazier, Thomas R. The Underside of American history. 5th ed. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1987.

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Shame, the underside of narcissism. Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Undersized"

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Dongling, C. "Undersized Samples and Demand Analysis." In Recent Developments in Applied Demand Analysis, 191–220. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85205-3_5.

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Sibert, Anne C. "Overbanked and Undersized: Lessons from Iceland." In Preludes to the Icelandic Financial Crisis, 329–40. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230307148_16.

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Ladany, Shaul P. "Optimal Set-Up of a Manufacturing Process with Unequal Revenue from Oversized and Undersized Items." In Frontiers in Statistical Quality Control 6, 93–101. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57590-7_7.

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Næsje, Tor F., Amber-Robyn Childs, Paul D. Cowley, Warren M. Potts, Eva B. Thorstad, and Finn Økland. "Movements of undersized spotted grunter (Pomadasys commersonnii) in the Great Fish Estuary, South Africa: implications for fisheries management." In Developments in Fish Telemetry, 25–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6237-7_4.

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Tsurumi, Hiroki. "Use of the Mean Squared Errors of Forecasts in Testing for Structural Shift: A Comparison with the Chow Test for an Undersized Case." In Time Series and Econometric Modelling, 385–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4790-0_25.

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Giblett, Rod. "The uncanny urban underside." In Environmental Humanities and the Uncanny, 34–52. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge explorations in environmental studies: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429059759-3.

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Giblett, Rod. "The uncanny urban underside." In Psychoanalytic Ecology, 41–54. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge focus on environment and sustainability: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429059797-4.

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Ackah, William. "Ethics from the underside." In Routledge Handbook of Ethics and International Relations, 543–53. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315725932-45.

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Patterson, Orlando. "Slavery: the Underside of Freedom." In Out of Slavery, 7–29. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003313373-2.

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Boulding, J. Russell. "Foreword to The Underside of History (1992)." In Elise Boulding: A Pioneer in Peace Research, Peacemaking, Feminism, Future Studies and the Family, 171–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31364-1_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Undersized"

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Lewellyn, C., K. Quetti, B. M. Wadzuk, and R. G. Traver. "An Extremely Undersized Infiltration Trench 10 Years Later." In International Low Impact Development 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479025.013.

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Djeghloud, H., O. Guellout, M. Larakeb, O. Bouteldja, S. Boukebbous, and A. Bentounsi. "Practical study of a laboratory undersized grid-connected PV system." In 2014 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT ASIA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgt-asia.2014.6873863.

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Odio, Carlos E. "Tank Reaction System for Citrus Peel." In ASME 1993 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec1993-3901.

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The major nuisance of a citrus plant’s feed mill has to be the reaction system. Generally built as large screws with paddle, cut or ribbon flights these reactors require a lot of horsepower, often a lot of maintenance and because they are normally undersized, they are responsible for excessive waste heat evaporator scaling. Paper published with permission.
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Allen, Jason R., Jared M. Crosby, Christopher J. Uhl, and Bianca M. McCartt. "Evaluation of Turbine Airfoil Cooling Holes by Transient Infrared Methods." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-23670.

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Design margins in film-cooled turbine airfoils continue to shrink as specific fuel consumption and performance requirements drive new cooling technology. As a consequence, today’s airfoil heat transfer designs are more sensitive to engine aerodynamic and thermal loads, hot gas path profiles, and manufacturing variability than previous designs. Compounding the challenges of airfoil heat transfer design has been the continued use of inspection practices developed for legacy designs. Advancement of thermal inspection techniques for today’s advanced thermally sensitive airfoils needs to be addressed and advanced in conjunction with advanced cooling designs. Infrared non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques offer a number of solutions to inspect turbine airfoils for proper thermal performance before entry into service and during inservice repair. A prototype infrared inspection system demonstrated detection of blocked film cooling holes in turbine airfoils. The system implements IR thermal transient techniques to identify flawed film holes based on the IR thermal signature obtained for each film hole. Furthermore, the approach utilizes robotics, system automation, image processing, and a simple algorithm to discern flawed holes reliably. Traditionally, identifying blocked and undersized holes is manually performed with undersized pin gauges and water flow visualization. These manual processes are qualitative and subject to operator interpretation. Conversely, the IR approach eliminates operator subjectivity by using quantitative metrics. This approach resulted in a 35% reduction in inspection cycle time permitting reallocation of operators to value added tasks; thereby reducing manufacturing and inspection costs. Beyond these initial benefits, the approach used provides a basis for continued developments in turbine airfoil NDE inspection and heat transfer technology development.
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Raga, C., A. Barrado, A. Lazaro, I. Quesada, Y. Gaoua, S. Caux, and P. Lopez. "Economic impact of the energy management applied on fuel cell based vehicles with undersized and oversized secondary energy sources." In 2016 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esars-itec.2016.7841344.

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Korol, Kaitlyn, Yvan Hubert, Gordon Fredine, Petra Senf, and Sherry-Ann Koon Koon. "A Study of Crack Detection Ultrasonic Attributes to Manage Leak Threats Associated With Short Crack-Like Flaws in ERW Pipelines." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64583.

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Inline Inspection (ILI) tools along with hydrostatic testing have been the primary identification and mitigation techniques for cracking threats on liquids pipelines. Each technique faces detection challenges in relation with the weld type, geometry, and feature types, sizes and orientations. Low frequency electric resistance welds (LF ERWs) are subject to a number of crack-like defects due to the ERW manufacturing process. These defects may include fatigue cracks, lack of fusion, burned metal defects, stitched welds, cold welds, cracks in hard HAZ, surface breaking hook cracks near the weld and selective seam corrosion [1]. Within a population of features in a pipeline, a subpopulation can exist of short, deep defects (>50% wt) that may be undersized by the ILI tool or not detected by a hydrostatic test due to the length of the flaw. For ILI tools, a length detection threshold is set based on the tool speed (which is dictated by the tool type and configuration). A feature may be undersized by the ILI tool if its length is below this tool threshold. For hydrostatic testing, through-wall flaws may be undetected if the flaw length is below the critical length for a significant leak. Through detailed ILI data analysis, Enbridge along with PII Pipeline Solutions has been able to consistently identify short and deep crack-related defects on LF ERW pipe through means other than feature dimensions provided by the ILI tool. In-ditch non-destructive examination and destructive laboratory testing has confirmed these features are critical and fall below current ILI tool’s detection thresholds. This paper discusses unique ILI data attributes that may identify a more severe feature than would conventional ILI sizing practices, and how the identification and selection procedure is being applied across Enbridge’s pipeline system. This analysis effort aligns with Enbridge’s goal to continuously improve its integrity management processes and further enhance the safety of its pipelines.
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Takayama, K., K. Myouchin, and T. Wada. "E-206 Initial treatment results of coil embolization for unruptured intracranial aneurysm combined with neuroform atlas and undersized the most flexible coils." In SNIS 19th Annual Meeting Abstracts. BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2022-snis.317.

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Gu, Fahua, and Abraham Engeda. "A Numerical Investigation on the Volute/Impeller Steady-State Interaction due to Circumferential Distortion." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0328.

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To understand the volute/impeller interaction at off-design conditions, the steady-state interaction between volute and impeller is investigated in this paper using CFX-TASCflow’s frozen rotor model. This model is applicable to the compressor flow where the acoustic Strouhal number is close to zero. The gentle circumferential pressure distortion is confirmed at the exit of the vaneless diffuser; but the radical pressure distortion is found around the tongue, resulting from the incidence to the tongue. The circumferential pressure distortion, which is lagged in phase to the total pressure distortion, is predicted to propagate upstream over the vaneless diffuser without significant decay. It is found that the impeller exit flow pattern depends on the slope of the circumferential variation of the static pressure at exit. This explains why the impeller efficiency is reduced at off-design conditions. Therefore, this study suggests that the undersized volute is beneficial to the impeller.
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Schaefer, Laura A., and Samuel V. Shelton. "Heat Exchanger Mean Temperature Differences for Refrigerant Mixtures." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0865.

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Abstract Many of the refrigerants that have been examined as replacements for hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are zeotropic mixtures. The temperature of a zeotropic mixture does not remain constant throughout a heat exchanger, and zeotropes often exhibit a nonlinear temperature/enthalpy relationship. These factors contradict some assumptions that are made in deriving the Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD), a calculation that is used to compute the size of a heat exchanger (UA). Since the temperature is not an easily-determined function of enthalpy, in order to find a more accurate UA, the heat transfer process must be discretized and the properties determined at each point. An ammonia-water mixture and synthetic mixtures that are being studied as HCFC-22 replacements are analyzed. In each case, the actual UA is compared to the UA found using the LMTD. It is found that these errors can cause a heat exchanger to be undersized by as much as a factor of fifty.
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Corbett, Thomas M., Karen A. Thole, and Sudhakar Bollapragada. "Impacts of Pin Fin Shape and Spacing on Heat Transfer and Pressure Losses." In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82673.

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Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) provides designers with the freedom to implement many designs that previously would have been costly or difficult to traditionally manufacture. This experimental study leverages this freedom and evaluates several different pin shapes integrated into pin fin arrays of a variety of spacings. Test coupons were manufactured out of Hastelloy-X using direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) and manufacturer recommended process parameters. After manufacturing, internal surface roughness and as-built accuracy were quantified using Computed Tomography (CT) scans. Results indicated that pin fins were all moderately undersized, and that there was significant surface roughness on all interior surfaces. Experimental data indicated that diamond shaped pins were found to have the highest heat transfer of the tested shapes, but triangle shaped pins pointed into the flow incurred the smallest pressure drop. Modifications to the streamwise spacing of the pins had little impact on the friction factor, but did increase heat transfer with increasing pin density. Prior Nusselt number correlations found in literature underestimated heat transfer and pressure loss relative to what was measured resulting from the AM roughness. A new correlation was developed accounting for AM roughness on pin fin arrays.
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Reports on the topic "Undersized"

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van Oostenbrugge, H., A. Klok, B. Deetman, J. Batsleer, K. Bleeker, and A. M. Winter. Undersized whiting in the BT2 fishery : quantification of volumes and economic effects of handling and landing. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/546290.

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Clay, C. S. Scattering of Acoustic Signals from the Underside of Sea Ice. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada280748.

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Stein, R. P., D. H. Cho, and G. A. Lambert. Condensation of steam on the underside of a horizontal surface in the presence of air and helium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6331133.

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