Journal articles on the topic 'Underground spatial'
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1
Sun, Liang, Le Feng, Yiyun Zhang, Xiang Ji, Han Wong, and Zhibin Wei. "Research on Correlation Between Underground Squares’ Interface Morphology and Spatial Experience Based on Virtual Reality." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 03 (July 24, 2019): 2050004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420500044.
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Underground square, as a recreation and activity place for citizens, represents the underground space quality of a city, so its spatial experience is of great significance. This research discussed the influence and effects of underground squares’ interface morphology on spatial experience. By field research of ten large-scale urban underground spaces, the basic elements and related numerical interval of underground squares’ interface morphology were summarized, and on basis of this, underground square virtual models with different interface morphology were built. Based on the platform of immersive virtual reality system (IVRS), combing the isovist method and the SD method, this paper made a quantitative analysis on the relevance between interface morphology and spatial experience, and the relevant compliance indicators of interface morphology were summarized. The experimental results show that the spatial experience is good at the interface density of 0.402 and interface opening’s aspect ratio of 2–3. This can provide reference and foundation for urban underground spatial design in future.
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Mirzaev, Ibrakhim, Ruslan Kishanov, Nodirakhon Mansurova, Nematilla Nishonov, and Mars Berdibaev. "Study of the seismodynamics of spatially located underground pipelines with a nodal connection of non-orthogonal configuration." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126402005.
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The article deals with the seismodynamics of underground pipelines of various configurations under spatial seismic influences. The stress-strain state of spatially located underground pipelines of complex orthogonal configuration at different angles of seismic load incidence was determined. Several problems were solved by analyzing numerical results of the seismodynamics of underground pipelines of complex orthogonal and non-orthogonal configurations.
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Song, Xin-Yi, Qing-Chang Lu, and Zhong-Ren Peng. "Spatial Distribution of Fine Particulate Matter in Underground Passageways." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (July 25, 2018): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081574.
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The unfavorable locations of underground infrastructures and poor ventilation facilities can result in the deterioration of enclosed air quality. Some researchers have studied air quality and ventilation measures in different types of underground buildings. However, few studies have investigated the pollution in pedestrian passageways connecting underground structures. Hence, in this paper, we attempted to investigate the spatial distribution of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in underground passageways. First, measurements were designed and conducted in a pedestrian passageway beneath the Shanghai South Railway Station, Shanghai, China. Second, numerical simulations were performed based on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technology. Finally, the numerical simulations were extended to examine impacts of the ventilation measures on PM2.5 concentration with different inlet positions and air velocity in underground passageways. The simulation results showed good agreement with the experimental data, and the numerical model was validated to be an effective method to investigate the spatial distribution of PM2.5 in underground passageways. Results suggest that building additional entrances is an advisable method for improving air quality in the underground passageways of the Shanghai South Railway Station, while jet fans are not recommended. Findings of this study offer suggestions for mitigating PM2.5 pollution in underground passageways.
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Liang, Xiaoqiang, Da Hu, Lei Jiang, Yongsuo Li, and Xian Yang. "Thermal Stress Analysis and Spatial Data Matching of Urban Underground Pipelines." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390217.
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The mining of thermal data of underground pipelines is very important for the construction of urban underground pipeline network data matching model and the proposal of large-scale pipeline spatial data matching mechanism. The existing temperature field calculation and stress field simulation methods for thermal pipelines are quite mature already, but they generally pay less attention to the overall connection features of the underground pipeline network and the local details of network nodes, and the deep-level sharing and utilization of the thermal stress data of pipelines is insufficient during the process of spatial data matching of the pipeline network. To this end, this paper conducted a research on thermal stress analysis and spatial data matching of urban underground pipelines. First, the paper gave a theoretical analysis on the temperature field and stress field of underground pipelines and obtained the simulation calculation results; then it elaborated on the calculation of the similarity of underground pipeline network information, proposed a method for spatial data matching, and gave the corresponding algorithm flow; at last, experimental results verified the reliability of the simulation calculation results of the thermal stress of underground pipelines and the effectiveness of the proposed spatial data matching method.
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HUANG, SHOUFENG, and DENGTA CHEN. "HAS ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION RESTRAINED SMOG POLLUTION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA." Singapore Economic Review 65, no. 03 (June 16, 2017): 555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590817410053.
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We studied how environmental regulation affects the ecological environment from the perspective of an underground economy. The theoretical model shows that environmental regulation exerts both direct and indirect effects — via the underground economy — on environmental pollution, and that the underground economy is unfavorable for the environment. Empirical results show that all the effects (direct, indirect, and total) of environmental regulation are insignificant, and the enforcement of environmental regulation may increase smog emissions with the expansion of the underground economy; smog pollution will increase with the strengthening of environmental regulation. Moreover, the underground economy shows a remarkable spatial effect when using spatial distance or spatial economics weights matrix.
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Sun, Liang, Weikang Tan, Yanbing Ren, Xiang Ji, Zhi Wang, and Pei Li. "Research on Visual Comfort of Underground Commercial Streets’ Pavement in China on the Basis of Virtual Simulation." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 03 (July 10, 2019): 2050005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001420500056.
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As the physical environment of urban underground streets space is continuously perfect, people start to anticipate that underground streets with negative impression could satisfy their psychological comfort appeal as traditional ground streets do. Streets’ pavement is of great significance in creating humanized and comfortable underground spatial atmosphere, and different ground pavements of underground commercial streets display different visual comfort effects. We conducted field investigations of a dozen typical underground streets in eight big cities in China with 42 test samples, and this research obtained the pavement elements’ data of underground commercial streets, built virtual 3D scenes based on orthogonal analysis and virtual reality technology of computer vision, acquired the psychological data of spatial experience through virtual reality test, and analyzed the relationship between six elements (glossiness, roughness, color, dimension, pattern, and collage of ground pavement in underground commercial streets) and spatial visual comfort based on quantitative analysis of experimental data. Results show that, “Cold–hot sensation”, “Glossiness”, and “Collage ordered degree” are chief elements for underground commercial streets’ pavement design. The pavement design featured with neutral color, medium- and large-scale and ordered collage form are the design preference and emphasis for underground commercial streets. Neutral color of underground commercial streets pavement may have a great influence on the recognition of pavement glossiness.
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Korotaev, Vladimir. "Spatial Organization of Russian Cities. Underground Development." Procedia Engineering 165 (2016): 622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.758.
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Zaiko, A. I., and G. A. Ivanova. "An Inclinometer System for Underground Spatial Orientation." Measurement Techniques 57, no. 7 (October 2014): 812–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-014-0541-x.
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Wu, Zheng Zhong, Jun Ping Liu, Jing Jin, and Hua Wang. "Spatial Analysis and 3D Simulation of Underground Pipe Network Based on ArcGIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2948–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2948.
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To resolve the problem that underground pipe network is large, complex, and difficult to manage, the management model based on ArcGIS was used. This paper aimed to transform the traditional data types of underground pipe network to a new type based on ArcGIS and to make statistical analysis and thematic maps output to the attribute datas for all underground pipes mainly including water supply network and drainage network. Through the analysis of pipe network visualization model implementation to build the spatial data model of three-dimensional pipe network, the automatic model from 2D to 3D would be achieved, then the new ways to realize the 3D visualization of urban underground pipe network would be provided. Taking the underground pipe network of a city as an example, the management system based on ArcGIS was built. The system running results show that the system could achieve the digital management of underground pipe network for the city and improve the management efficiency of the entire system.
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Zacharias, John. "Underground pedestrian trips—trip generation, spatial distribution and activities in the Montréal underground." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 46 (February 2015): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.10.006.
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Zhu, Wen Jun, and Jun Liu. "Correlation between Underground Space Intensity and Land-Use Transport Interaction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1790–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1790.
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Urban planning for vertical space use must consider underground space form and intensity. But little researches and investigations about it have been done. Planners have little knowledge about quantitative mechanism of underground space developing and evolution. Advanced countries developed experienced data of underground space distribution. Modern statistical analysis method provides an efficient tool for this kind of quantitative and empirical research of spatial correlation. This paper selected some of the major characteristic indexes of land-use transport interaction and induces spatial statistical model to analyze the correlation between intensity of underground space use and the indexes of land-use transport interaction in central four districts of Tokyo City. Results show that the intensity of underground space use has positive and stable quantitative correlations with land use function (LT), land price (LP) and floor area ratio (FAR), especially significant in commercial and mixed land-use areas. The influencing factors of land-use transport interaction could be used as external indexes for forecasting the intensity and spatial distribution of underground space in urban central areas.
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Perperidou, Dionysia-Georgia, Konstantinos Sigizis, and Agkronilnta Chotza. "3D Underground Property Rights of Transportation Infrastructures: Case Study of Piraeus Metro Station, Greece." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 13162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313162.
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Underground development covers a wide range of underground uses, transportation and infrastructures networks; water and energy storage facilities; municipal spaces, housing, business and manufacturing facilities; and overall exploitation of Urban Underground Space (UUS). According to the Greek legal framework on properties underground, transportation networks, such as the metro, are developed deep enough that no compensation is due to surface parcel owners, which are usually a public entity. The current Greek cadastral system is two-dimensional and there are no records for underground transportation networks. As the need for the exploitation of UUS is arising, especially in densely populated Greek cities, such as Athens, the detailed documentation of transportation networks 3D underground property rights is essential. Herein is presented the technical and legal definition of the 3D underground property rights of the Piraeus Metro Station that is constructed in Piraeus Municipality UUS. Three-dimensional underground models for both Piraeus Station and official cadastral parcels are created so as to identify their 3D spatial intersection. For the identification of their legal and spatial status in 2D, the UUS was subdivided into layers in respect to the station’s vertical infrastructure and then correlated to the current cadastral 2D spatial data. The presented 3D underground property rights of Greece’s major urban underground transportation network facilitates its registration in the current 2D Greek cadastral system and contributes to the better understanding and the identification of legal and technical aspects of UUS rights in Greece.
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Herbei, Mihai Valentin, Roxana Claudia Herbei, and Larisa Ofelia Filip. "Spatial Representation of Useful Minerals Deposits." Mining Revue 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/minrv-2021-0019.
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Abstract Starting from the fact that in the mining industry and in general in the field of underground constructions, the topographic activity, regardless of which of its manifestations, conditions and substantiates the achievement of economic and technological objectives, implicitly resulting in the dependence between topographic precision and qualitative and quantitative performance of mining. The level at which the professional responsibility of the topographic activity, as a whole is engaged in the achievement of some proposed objectives, depends on the framework resulting from the technological complexity of the mining activity in the conditions of its restructuring and efficiency. Spatial representations of useful mineral deposits in the earth's crust, which meet the quality conditions necessary for the design of underground mining works, can be used to choose the most efficient methods of opening, preparation and exploitation of useful mineral deposits. These analyzes are the basis for the realization of underground topographic networks that have a precise connection with the topographic base at the surface. The use of stereographic projection and stereographic networks can be achieved by faithfully representing the tectonics and positioning of deposits of useful mineral matter inside the earth's crust.
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Yan, Jingya, Siow Jaw, Kean Soon, Andreas Wieser, and Gerhard Schrotter. "Towards an Underground Utilities 3D Data Model for Land Administration." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 1957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11171957.
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With the pressure of the increasing density of urban areas, some public infrastructures are moving to the underground to free up space above, such as utility lines, rail lines and roads. In the big data era, the three-dimensional (3D) data can be beneficial to understand the complex urban area. Comparing to spatial data and information of the above ground, we lack the precise and detailed information about underground infrastructures, such as the spatial information of underground infrastructure, the ownership of underground objects and the interdependence of infrastructures in the above and below ground. How can we map reliable 3D underground utility networks and use them in the land administration? First, to explain the importance of this work and find a possible solution, this paper observes the current issues of the existing underground utility database in Singapore. A framework for utility data governance is proposed to manage the work process from the underground utility data capture to data usage. This is the backbone to support the coordination of different roles in the utility data governance and usage. Then, an initial design of the 3D underground utility data model is introduced to describe the 3D geometric and spatial information about underground utility data and connect it to the cadastral parcel for land administration. In the case study, the newly collected data from mobile Ground Penetrating Radar is integrated with the existing utility data for 3D modelling. It is expected to explore the integration of new collected 3D data, the existing 2D data and cadastral information for land administration of underground utilities.
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Goel, Rajeev K., and James W. Saunoris. "Spatial spillovers of pollution onto the underground sector." Energy Policy 144 (September 2020): 111688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111688.
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Hong, Xiaochun, and Xiang Ji. "Spatial Pattern of Underground Space Development in Major Cities in China: Evaluation and Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (December 24, 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2125776.
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Underground space development has gradually become an organic part of China’s urban development and construction. Comprehensively developing underground space scientifically and rationally to give full play to its comprehensive benefits is the main problem faced by China’s underground space development at this stage. This research starts with the measurement of the level of urban underground space (UUS) development. This paper constructs a UUS development level measurement indicator system, which is composed of Construction of UUS (D1), urban economic development indicators (D2), and urban population development indicators (D3), which has 12 secondary indicators, and then we use entropy-TOPSIS method to quantitatively evaluate the development level of underground public space in 39 prefecture-level cities and above in my country and analyze its spatial differentiation. The results show that the urban agglomeration has the characteristics of “high-high” cluster distribution with the development level of underground space. However, the overall level of underground space development in China’s major cities is not high and there are apparent differences in the level of UUS development. In terms of spatial distribution, the sustainable development level of cities in the eastern coastal regions of China is relatively high, with towns in the central and northeastern areas ranking second and western towns and northeastern cities ranking the lowest. At the same time, we found that there is a mismatch between the underground space development index and the economic population development index in the evaluation index. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to realize the balanced development of UUS development in our country.
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Huang, C. J., C. H. Yeh, C. Y. Chen, and S. T. Chang. "Ground vibrations and airborne sounds generated by motion of rock in a river bed." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 5 (October 21, 2008): 1139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-1139-2008.
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Abstract. This study investigates how ground vibrations (underground sounds) and airborne sounds that are produced by rocks in a river bed differ from each other. Airborne and underground sounds were simultaneously received at three microphones and three geophones, respectively. These sound signals were then analyzed using both the Fast Fourier Transform and the Gabor Transform to represent them in both the frequency and time-frequency domains. Experimental data indicate that the frequency of both airborne and underground sounds produced by the impact of rocks against the river bed is in the range 10–150 Hz. Furthermore, the high-frequency band of underground sounds decays much more rapidly than that of airborne sounds. The spatial decay rate of airborne sounds was also determined and compared with theoretical values. The lower spatial decay rate of airborne sounds than that of underground sounds suggests that monitoring of airborne sounds may be more efficient in the detection of debris flows or other natural hazards that generate both airborne and underground sounds.
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Feyzullayev, A. A., A. G. Gojayev, and I. M. Mamedova. "Features of fluid dynamics in long-term heterogeneous gas reservoirs." Gornye nauki i tekhnologii = Mining Science and Technology (Russia) 7, no. 1 (April 12, 2022): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2022-1-18-29.
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Geological features are characterized by macro- and micro-heterogeneity, manifested by the spatial variability of material composition and lithophysical properties of rocks. This, in turn, determines the spatial and temporal variability of hydrocarbon (HC) fluid dynamics both during the reservoir formation and during its development and, subsequent operation as an underground gas storage facility (UGSF). The long-term operation of underground gas reservoirs at the Galmas and Garadagh areas in the South Caspian Basin (SCB), serving as a reservoir of commercial gas accumulations, and subsequent underground gas storage (UGSF) is characterized by significant peculiarities. Analysis of monitoring data on volumes of gas injection and extraction at the Galmas/Garadagh UGSF in the period of 2020–2021 showed their spatial variability, as well as the variability of wells deliverability during the gas reservoir development. This suggests the inherited nature of UGSF operation mode in relation to the gas reservoir development mode. The heterogeneous nature of spatial variability of these parameters is determined by the reservoir rock poroperm properties. A formation pressure drop during reservoir development is accompanied by decreasing rock permeability. When operating UGSF, the lithofacial properties of rocks determine the ratio of volumes of injected and extracted gas. In this regard, a necessary condition for selecting the optimal system of UGSF operation is to take into account the spatial heterogeneity of the underground reservoir. The irregular nature of variation of rock poroperm properties, the origination of isolated zones in the reservoir with considerable residual gas volumes, as well as unpredictable directions of fluid movement are the main reasons for decreased efficiency of field development and underground gas storage facility operation. In order to determine the optimal system of operation of UGSF in depleted underground oil and gas reservoirs, the features of the spacial variations resulting from the rocks poroperm properties need to be taken into account.
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Liang, Hong, Zhen Feng Suo, and Ying Han. "Design and Develop City Space Database Based on the Network CASE Tool." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5868–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5868.
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Geodatabase data model is the spatial database model of the topological structure, which can accurately describe the underground pipeline space information in city. How to use Case tool and UML to expand Geodatabase model to establish a meet the demand of underground space database of kunming drainage pipeline,through analyzing the characteristics of the structure of kunming underground pipe. It is practiced that using Case tools and UML to extend the data model, not only to graphically design the database model with the graphic, but also clearly express the relationship between the various elements, which is an ideal method that establishing the city pipeline spatial databases.
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Li, Yiyang, and Luyang Tao. "Study on the Current Situation of Urban Integration of Aboveground Space and Underground Space: Under the Background of China’s Land Spatial Planning." Journal of Smart Buildings and Construction Technology 4, no. 1 (July 25, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jsbct.v4i1.4690.
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Urban underground public space has a synergistic effect with its surrounding urban aboveground functions or facilities, which reflects the complementarity between underground functions and urban functions. The research analyses the degree of integration through the case study of urban aboveground space and underground space in China. The research method of this paper will give different evaluation criteria to public transport and public space and the influencing factors of space integration. The indicators of public transport include the number of subway lines and underground parking spaces. The evaluation standard of public space is the area of underground space and the number of floors of underground space. The subway entrance and exits are selected as the evaluation index for the aboveground and underground transition space. Through the specific analysis of 7 selected cases, it provides arguments for the research. The average rent in the case is taken as the dependent variable. Through the regression model, the influencing factors of the integration of aboveground and underground space are determined. The purpose of the study is to explore the influencing factors of the integration of aboveground space and underground space, and how to optimize the integration of aboveground and underground space
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Sun, Shi Guo, Hong Yang, Chun Sheng Li, Bao Lin Zhang, Jia Wang, and Ming Zhu Wang. "Analysis of the Relative Position of the Slope and Underground Mining Area and its Influence Properties." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3277.
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The stability state of slope rock mass is relating to each other’s relative location during the transformation from open-pit to underground mining, it’s the most disadvantageous influence on the slope stability when the underground mining area is located in the toe of slope, and it’s the best influence as in the slope extracellular region. Slope stability factor changes with the geometric dimensions of underground mining increased, but not in direct proportion. Under the condition of constant geometric dimensions of mining area, the influence on slope stability is changing with the mining depth increased. Thus indicating that the influence on slope stability by underground mining has its spatial property, and to determine the specific influence value requires a combination of many factors, such as the relationship of relative spatial position, the geometric dimensions of mining area, engineering geological conditions and so on.
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Larachi, Nassim, Abderrahim Bali, Abderrazek Aityahiatene, and Malek Ouldhamou. "Analysis and mapping of mining subsidence and underground voids collapse risk using GIS and the weights-of-evidence model for the abandoned Ichmoul mine, Algeria." ENP Engineering Science Journal 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53907/enpesj.v1i2.46.
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The present study concerns the assessment of mining subsidence and old underground works collapse hazard of the abandoned Ichmoul mine (Batna, Algeria) using the geographic information system (GIS) and the weight of evidence method (WofE). After the identification of collapse cases on the site and developing a spatial database for old underground works, topography and geology, the weight of evidence model was applied to calculate the weight of each relevant factor. Five main factors controlling or related to subsidence and underground voids collapse were determined from the probability analysis of existing cases; the underground voids depth, the distance between the underground voids, the landforms slope, the lithology and the distance between the fractures. Conditional independence tests were performed for the choice of factors. For the analysis of the subsidence and underground void collapse spatial hazard mapping, the contrast values, W+ and W- of the each factor evaluation were analyzed. The analysis results were validated using the curve ROC (AUC) with a past collapse case. For all the factors used, the area under the (ROC) curve showed 92 % accuracy. The results obtained can be used for the prevention of mining subsidence and underground voids collapse risks and the mine site rehabilitation.
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Guzy, Artur, and Agnieszka A. Malinowska. "Assessment of the Impact of the Spatial Extent of Land Subsidence and Aquifer System Drainage Induced by Underground Mining." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 7871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197871.
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The environmental impact assessment of underground mining usually includes the direct effects of exploitation. These are damage to rock mass and land subsidence. Continuous dewatering of the aquifer system is, however, necessary to carry out underground mining operations. Consequently, the drainage of the aquifer system is observed at a regional scale. The spatial extent of the phenomenon is typically much wider than the direct impact of the exploitation. The research presented was, therefore, aimed at evaluating both the direct and the indirect effects of underground mining. Firstly, the spatial extent of land subsidence was determined based on the Knothe theory. Secondly, underground mining-induced drainage of the aquifers was modeled. The 3D finite-difference hydrogeological model was constructed based on the conventional groundwater flow theory. The values of model hydrogeological parameters were determined based on literature and empirical data. These data were also used for model calibration. Finally, the results of the calculations were compared successfully with the field data. The research results presented indicate that underground mining’s indirect effects cover a much larger area than direct effects. Thus, underground mining requires a broader environmental assessment. Our results can, therefore, pave the way for more efficient management of groundwater considering underground mining.
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Bartel, Sebastian, and Gerold Janssen. "Underground spatial planning – Perspectives and current research in Germany." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 55 (May 2016): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.11.023.
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Liu, Huiyun, Yongqiang Li, Baoshan Wang, and Zengzhang Guo. "Research on Mapping Error Control of Underground Space Mobile LiDAR Constrained by Cooperative Targets." Journal of Sensors 2022 (October 10, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8690532.
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In the underground environment, it is difficult to obtain spatial three-dimensional data because of occlusion and its complexity. Mobile light detection and ranging (LiDAR) measurement technology has the ability to obtain three-dimensional spatial information quickly and accurately, but in the underground environment, because of the lack of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal in the integrated navigation system, the measurement accuracy decreases with the increase of time. In this paper, an extended Kalman filter-based loose mode is constructed using the real coordinates of the center of gravity of the target and the measurement information of the laser foothold. It provides an additional space-time reference for the integrated navigation system of the mobile LiDAR system and restricts the errors. The simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of mobile LiDAR system and enhance the 3D spatial perception ability of underground space.
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Yu, M., Y. Xu, Y. Li, Y. Song, and Z. Feng. "SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF GROUNDWATER ON LEAKAGE OF URBAN UNDERGROUND ENGINEERING." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-3/W1-2022 (October 27, 2022): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-3-w1-2022-187-2022.
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Abstract. Based on GIS, spatio-temporal analysis in quantitative research, has formed a set of analysis methods and the technical process, in view of the leakage defects mechanism research, first analyzes the regional hydrogeological conditions and uplift area distribution and the change of time and space, and then analyzes the groundwater distribution and vertical time-space distribution of underground projects, groundwater is analyzed again and the spatial and temporal distribution and leakage of underground engineering diseases, Finally, the influence degree and correlation between groundwater and underground engineering diseases in this area are obtained.
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Saeidian, B., A. Rajabifard, B. Atazadeh, and M. Kalantari. "EXTENDING CITYGML 3.0 TO SUPPORT 3D UNDERGROUND LAND ADMINISTRATION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W4-2022 (October 14, 2022): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w4-2022-125-2022.
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Abstract. Rapid development of underground space necessitates the efficient management of underground areas. Data modelling plays an underpinning role in integrating and managing underground physical and legal data. The physical data refers to semantic and spatial data of underground assets such as utilities, tunnels, and basements, while the legal data comprises the ownership information and the extent of underground legal spaces and the semantic and spatial relationships between legal spaces. Current Underground Land Administration (ULA) practices mainly focus on representing only either legal spaces or the physical reality of subsurface objects using fragmented and isolated 2D drawings, leading to ineffective ULA. A complete and accurate 3D representation of underground legal spaces integrated with the 3D model of their physical counterparts can support different use cases of ULA beyond underground land registration, such as planning, design and construction of underground assets (e.g. tunnels and train stations), utility management and excavation. CityGML is a prominent semantic data model to represent 3D urban objects at a city scale, making it a good choice for underground because underground assets such as tunnels and utilities are often modelled at city scales. However, CityGML, in its current version, does not support legal information. This research aims to develop an Application Domain Extension (ADE) for CityGML to support 3D ULA based on the requirements defined in the Victorian state of Australia. These requirements include primary underground parcels and secondary underground interests. This work extends CityGML 3.0, which is the new version of this model. In CityGML 3.0, UML conceptual models as platform-independent models are suggested to express ADEs. Thus, the ADE proposed in this study will be based on UML. The findings of this study show that extending CityGML to support legal information can be a viable solution to meet the requirements of a 3D integrated model for ULA. The CityGML ADE proposed in this study can potentially provide a new solution for 3D digital management of underground ownership rights in Victoria, and it can be used to implement an integrated 3D digital data environment for ULA.
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Na, Jonghyun, Taekseon Ryu, Joonmyoung Kim, Hansuk Kim, Manjae Kwon, and Yongsung Joo. "A Bayesian Spatial Contamination Model." Korean Data Analysis Society 24, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 919–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37727/jkdas.2022.24.3.919.
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In environmental research, it is often the case that to cluster observations into environmentally polluted and natural groups is an important issue. The Bayesian contamination model which adopts a multivariate mixture regression model has been developed in that it aims to cluster observations and estimate the average amount of pollution. However, because the Bayesian contamination model does not take spatial correlations between observations into consideration, a Bayesian spatial contamination model is proposed. A simulation study was conducted showing that the proposed model has an advantage over the Bayesian contamination model in terms of biases and RMSE of estimators of the logistic regression parameters. We applied the proposed model into environmental data and confirmed the improvement on the model fit. Also, the clustering was reasonably performed from the environmental perspective, which was coherent with the fact that the underground water flows from the southwest side to the northeast side. This model is expected to be utilized effectively to monitor the quality of a ground or groundwater and capture the heterogeneity in it which is suspected of environmental pollution especially when the interested site consists of areas with strong spatial dependency.
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Feyzullayev, A. A., and A. G. Gojayev. "Influence of geological reservoir heterogeneity on exploitation conditions of Garadagh field / underground gas storage (Azerbaijan)." Gornye nauki i tekhnologii = Mining Science and Technology (Russia) 6, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2500-0632-2021-2-105-113.
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Underground oil and gas reservoirs (formations) are characterized by spatial variability of their structure, material composition and petrophysical properties of its constituent rocks: particle size distribution, porosity, permeability, structure and texture of the pore space, carbonate content, electrical resistivity, oil and water saturation and other properties. When assessing development and exploitation conditions for underground gas storages, created in depleted underground oil and gas reservoirs, the inherited nature of the reservoir development should be taken into account. Therefore, identifying the features of variations in well productivity is a crucial task, solution of which can contribute to the creation of more efficient system for underground gas storage exploitation. The paper presents the findings of comparative analysis of spatial variations in well productivity during the exploitation of the Garadagh underground gas storage (Azerbaijan), created in the depleted gas condensate reservoir. An uneven nature of the variations in well productivity was established, which was connected with the reservoir heterogeneity (variations in the reservoir lithological composition and poroperm properties). The research was based on the analysis of spatial variations of a number of reservoir parameters: the reservoir net thickness, lithological composition and poroperm properties. The analysis of variations in the net thickness and poroperm properties of the VII horizon of the Garadagh gas condensate field was carried out based on the data of geophysical logging of about 40 wells and studying more than 90 core samples. The data on of more than 90 wells formed the basis for the spacial productivity variation analysis. The analysis of productivity variation in the space of well technological characteristics (based on data from 18 wells) in the Garadagh underground gas storage (UGS) was carried out through the example of the volume of cyclic gas injection and withdrawal in 2020–2021 season. The studies allowed revealing non-uniform spacial variations in the volumes of injected and withdrawn gas at the Garadagh UGS, created in the corresponding depleted gas condensate reservoir. The features of the UGS exploitation conditions are in good agreement with the features of the reservoir development conditions (variations in the well productivity). The inherited nature of the reservoir development and the underground gas storage exploitation is substantiated by the reservoir heterogeneity caused by the spatial variability of the reservoir lithological composition and poroperm properties. Assessing and taking into account the reservoir heterogeneity when designing underground gas storage exploitation conditions should be an important prerequisite for increasing UGS exploitation efficiency.
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Zhao, H. T., J. Zhou, C. F. Jing, and X. F. Li. "A PRAXIS ON DATA QUALITY EVALUATION OF UNDERGROUND PIPELINE." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2021 (June 29, 2021): 811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2021-811-2021.
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Abstract. Underground pipelines are known as “life line”. With the rapid developing of city, more and more pipelines like power lines will move into underground. Facing the complex environment from underground and relationship with other kinds of pipeline, the data quality evaluation is very crucial for academic and business applications. This paper introduced our praxis on underground pipeline data quality on a real project. The datasets are mainly composing of vector data about 15 GB size, covers 3 counties, worked with 3 teams. The workflow, data sampling method and quality evaluation method were engaged in our work. This work can extend to other underground pipeline projects or similar spatial data quality evaluation projects.
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He, Bin, and Yonggang Li. "Big Data Reduction and Optimization in Sensor Monitoring Network." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/294591.
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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are increasingly being utilized to monitor the structural health of the underground subway tunnels, showing many promising advantages over traditional monitoring schemes. Meanwhile, with the increase of the network size, the system is incapable of dealing with big data to ensure efficient data communication, transmission, and storage. Being considered as a feasible solution to these issues, data compression can reduce the volume of data travelling between sensor nodes. In this paper, an optimization algorithm based on the spatial and temporal data compression is proposed to cope with these issues appearing in WSNs in the underground tunnel environment. The spatial and temporal correlation functions are introduced for the data compression and data recovery. It is verified that the proposed algorithm is applicable to WSNs in the underground tunnel.
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Namysłowska-Wilczyńska, Barbara. "GEOSTATISTICAL HYDROGEOCHEMICAL 3D MODEL FOR KŁODZKO UNDERGROUND WATER INTAKE AREA PARAMETERS OF UNDERGROUND WATERS." Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 157–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sgem-2013-0013.
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Abstract The paper presents the first stage of research on a geostatistical hydrogeochemical 3D model dedicated to the horizontal and vertical spatial and time variation in the topographical, hydrological and quality parameters of underground water in the Kłodzko water intake area. The research covers the period 1977-2012. For this purpose various thematic databases, containing original data on coordinates X, Y (latitude and longitude) and Z (terrain elevation and time - years) and on regionalized variables, i.e., the underground water quality parameters in the Kłodzko water intake area determined for different analytical configurations (22 wells, 14 wells, 14 wells + 3 piezometers), were created. The data were subjected to spatial analyses using statistical methods. The input for the studies was the chemical determination of the quality parameters of underground water samples taken from the wells in the water intake area in different periods of time. Both archival data (acquired in the years 1977-1999, 1977-2011) and the latest data (collected in November 2011 and in January 2012) were analyzed. First, the underground water intake area with 22 wells was investigated. Then in order to assess the current quality of the underground water, 14 wells out of the 22 wells were selected for further chemical analyses and a collection siphon wall was included. Recently, three new piezometers were installed in the water intake area and so new water samples were taken, whereby the databases were supplemented with new chemical determinations. The variation in the topographical parameter (terrain elevation) and in the hydrogeological parameters: water abstraction level Z (with and without the land layout being taken into account) and the depth of occurrence of the water table, was examined. Subsequently, the variation in quality parameters was studied on the basis of data coming from 22 wells, then 14 wells and finally from 14 wells and 3 piezometers. The variation in: Fe, Mn, ammonium ions NH4 +, nitrite anion NO3 - and phosphate anion PO4 -3 content values, total organic carbon (TOC) C content, the pH reaction and temperature (°C) of the water was investigated. The basic statistics and distribution histograms of the topographical, hydrogeological and quality parameters (22 wells, 14 wells, 14 wells + 3 piezometers; the years: 1977-1999, 2011, 2011-2012) were estimated and detailed characteristics of the variation in the parameters in the whole underground water intake area over the years were obtained. Generally, the behaviour of the underground water quality parameters has been found to vary in space and time. Thanks to the multidirectional spatial analyses of the variation in the quality parameters in the Kłodzko underground water intake area some regularities in the variation in water quality have been identified.
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Sun, Liang, Shanmin Ding, Yanbing Ren, Ming Li, and Bo Wang. "Research on the Material and Spatial Psychological Perception of the Side Interface of an Underground Street Based on Virtual Reality." Buildings 12, no. 9 (September 12, 2022): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091432.
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In the context of the rapid development of the construction of urban underground spaces in China, people’s demands for the quality of these spaces have become increasingly prominent. As an important part of underground spaces, the different materials used in underground street interfaces give rise to different spatial experiences, which are important for creating a comfortable underground space atmosphere. However, current research on the perception of underground street spaces lacks an exploration of the influence of materials, and most research on materials focuses on the interface design of above-ground commercial streets. In this study, material characteristics were extracted as independent variables, 17 scenes were orthogonalized, and the efficient simulation characteristics of VR were used to build a scene model for the experiment. Participants’ evaluations of the scenes were measured during the experiment, and conclusions were drawn through scene ranking and one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the use of white, high-finish materials with non-directional textures and low bumpiness for the side interface was more in line with the participants’ preferences. This study provides new ideas for the design of high-quality underground commercial streets.
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Xiang, Wei Ming, Zhou Huang, Wen Wei Gao, and Xian Chang Zheng. "Research on the Spatial Stress Analysis of a Large Underground Project." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.29.
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This report is about the spatial stress analysis of a large underground civil air defense projects in Guangdong province. Aiming at the problems of plane stress models, spatial calculation models are built and the results are compared to those of plane stress calculation models, revealing how internal force of the spatial structure models change in different conditions.
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Ma, Rui, Chongzheng Yi, Li Zhang, and Jianguo Yan. "Design of and Research on underground pipeline system in campus based on 3DGIS." E3S Web of Conferences 165 (2020): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016503004.
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The underground pipeline of campus is an extremely complex and huge system, and the traditional pipeline management mode can no longer meet the requirements of campus development and planning. The 3D geographic information visualization method can accurately describe the location and distribution information of various pipelines and spatial features, which can better serve the management of underground pipelines on campus. This paper designed overall framework and technology framework of underground pipeline information system, the system is satisfied with the PC, Web, mobile terminal and other multi-client access. In this paper, the key technology points of underground pipeline system construction on campus are comprehensively analyzed, and the feasibility of the technology is verified by combining with the practical application of underground pipeline system in lanzhou university.
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Jobst, Marko. "The problematic object of the London Underground." Architectural Research Quarterly 16, no. 2 (June 2012): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135512000425.
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This perspective looks at the London Underground station building and proposes that it has a problematic status which is yet to be fully acknowledged in architectural writing. The emergence of the London Underground in the second half of the nineteenth century challenged some of the basic premises of what would become, by the twentieth century, the standard interpretations of Modernism and, yet, it remains insufficiently researched. In outlining a trajectory that leads from Crystal Palace via the railway station and the hybrid nature of the arcade to the London Underground, the aim is to indicate that the spatial and visual regimes of the Underground – and its main architectural object, the Underground station – trace a lineage that was never fully reconciled with the dominant narratives of Modernism.
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Wang, Shuai, Qingsheng Guo, Xinglin Xu, and Yuwu Xie. "A Study on a Matching Algorithm for Urban Underground Pipelines." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 8 (August 10, 2019): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8080352.
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Urban underground pipelines are known as “urban blood vessels”. To detect changes in integrated pipelines and professional pipelines, the matching of same-name spatial objects is critical. Existing algorithms used for vector network matching were analyzed to develop an improved matching algorithm that can adapt to underground pipeline networks. Our algorithm improves the holistic matching of pipeline strokes, and also a partial matching algorithm is provided. In this study, appropriate geometric measures were selected to calculate the geometric similarity between pipeline strokes in their holistic matching. Existing methods for evaluating similarities in spatial scene structures in partial underground pipeline networks were improved. A method of partial matching of strokes was additionally investigated, and it compensates for the deficiencies of holistic stroke matching. Experiments showed that the matching performance was good, and the operation efficiency was high.
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Ferreira, Miriã Maria Almeida de Abreu Silva, and Abel Augusto Conceição. "Alocação preferencial de recursos e morfologia de órgãos subterrâneos em plantas resistentes ao fogo em vegetação campestre." SITIENTIBUS série Ciências Biológicas 12, no. 1 (June 8, 2012): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/scb114.
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The underground systems are important for survival of plants and their morphological characteristics have special meaning in environments under disorder. The present study evaluated the existence of preferential allocation of resources in the underground parts of plants resistant to fire and discuss implications of resource allocation and morphology in spatial and temporal dynamics of grassland communities susceptible to fire. The study was restricted to six species of grassland, three monocots (Hypolytrum pulchrum, Echinolaena inflexa and Andropogum sp.) and three eudicots (Euphorbia sarcodes, Eryngium paraguariense and Marcetia taxifolia). The morphological characterizations were performed in about five individuals of each species from anatomical cuts, photos, measurements with digital calipers, tape measures and quantification of biomass share of overhead and underground. The plants showed different spatial arrangements that allow the coexistence in space through a set of skills associated with morphofunctional features integrated aerial and underground parts. Most species showed underground system integrated into networks with preferential allocation of resources to aerial parts, except for E. sarcodes. The morphology is a crucial factor in the competitive responses. The buds developed mainly on rhizomes of plants abundant in these open areas are evidence of the importance of these structures in the dynamics of grassland communities.
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Sun, Shi Guo, Hong Yang, Zhan Bin Zhang, Tian Wen Zhang, and Chun Sheng Wang. "Analysis of Influence Characteristics on Slope Stability of Underground Mining in Slope Outer Zone." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.255.
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Under the action of surface-underground unite mining, Slope stability is related to underground mining location and mining space dimension, This paper studies the underground mining of slope outer region on slope stability influence characteristic; With the increase of mining width stability coefficient increases, when mining width reach a certain value stability coefficient tends to constant; With the increase of mining depth stability coefficient increases, when mining depth reaching a certain value stability coefficient began to decrease; this show that the underground mining has a direct effect on slope stability, its size needs a combination of their relative spatial position relation and mining geometric size to determine.
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Kholyavko, Anastasia, and Inna Druzhinina. "Prerequisites for formation of underground spaces." проект байкал, no. 69 (November 13, 2021): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.69.1845.
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The article studies the evolution of underground spaces, from the history of their development in the primitive world to the most striking examples of their present-day realization. Particular attention is paid to the development of underground spaces and the ancient world, as well as the period of the industrial revolution, the modern times, when there was a surge in the development of underground urbanistics. The article touches upon modern trends in the development of underground architecture, which involve multipurpose spatial planning and complex development of the interior of the earth. This article is the first publication of the series devoted to this topic.
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XIAO, Jing-feng, Xiao-dong WANG, and Yu YAO. "Underground pipe network spatial analysis in large plant with ArcGIS." Journal of Computer Applications 32, no. 9 (May 15, 2013): 2675–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2012.02675.
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Kim, Chang-Hwee. "Legal study for efficient management of national underground spatial information." Korean Public Land Law Association 87 (August 30, 2019): 163–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30933/kpllr.2019.87.163.
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Dong, Chun Hua, Jian Ping Hu, and Li Wang. "Application of a Virtual Geosciences Modeling System in Digital City Construction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 20-23 (January 2010): 1311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.20-23.1311.
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This document puts forward a new method for solving the modeling of overground and underground entities and spatial analysis provided by the virtual reality technology (VR). The new method can construct virtual urban geological environment, realize the integrated modeling of overground and underground entities, and research the interactive functions such as 2D-digital map navigation and spatial query in the virtual environment, which provides the decision making platform of three-dimension visualization for urban planning, urban construction and urban management, and is a good foundation for construction of “the management and service systems for urban geological information”.
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Khudoyarov, Shekhroz, Namgyu Kim, and Jong-Jae Lee. "Three-dimensional convolutional neural network–based underground object classification using three-dimensional ground penetrating radar data." Structural Health Monitoring 19, no. 6 (February 16, 2020): 1884–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921720902700.
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Ground-penetrating radar is a typical sensor system for analyzing underground facilities such as pipelines and rebars. The technique also can be used to detect an underground cavity, which is a potential sign of urban sinkholes. Multichannel ground-penetrating radar devices are widely used to detect underground cavities thanks to the capacity of informative three-dimensional data. Nevertheless, the three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar data interpretation is unclear and complicated when recognizing underground cavities because similar ground-penetrating radar data reflected from different underground objects are often mixed with the cavities. As it is prevalently known that the deep learning algorithm-based techniques are powerful at image classification, deep learning-based techniques for underground object detection techniques using two-dimensional GPR (ground-penetrating radar) radargrams have been researched upon in recent years. However, spatial information of underground objects can be characterized better in three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar voxel data than in two-dimensional ground-penetrating radar images. Therefore, in this study, a novel underground object classification technique is proposed by applying deep three-dimensional convolutional neural network on three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar data. First, a deep convolutional neural network architecture was developed using three-dimensional convolutional networks for recognizing spatial underground objects such as, pipe, cavity, manhole, and subsoil. The framework of applying the three-dimensional convolutional neural network into three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar data was then proposed and experimentally validated using real three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar data. In order to do that, three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar block data were used to train the developed three-dimensional convolutional neural network and to classify unclassified three-dimensional ground-penetrating radar data collected from urban roads in Seoul, South Korea. The validation results revealed that four underground objects (pipe, cavity, manhole, and subsoil) are successfully classified, and the average classification accuracy was 97%. In addition, a false alarm was rarely indicated.
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Alieva, I. S. "SPATIAL-TEMPORARY REGULARITIES OF THE SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND FLOWS OF THE RIVERS OF THE GREAT CAUCASUS." HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ECOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 58 (2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33933/2074-2762-2020-58-41-48.
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The analysis of the statistical structure of the ranges is carried out, the degree of synchronism of fluctuations in runoff characteristics is estimated, and linear trends are identified. The annual values of groundwater runoff have been determined as the arithmetic average of the monthly average minimum winter and summer-autumn water discharges, the surface runoff being calculated as the difference between the annual and groundwater runoff. The stationarity of most of the considered ranges proves to be violated by dispersion or average value. For underground runoff, the number of such ranges according to the Fisher and student criteria is 9 and 12, and for surface runoff, 7 and 9, respectively. For 15 rows of underground runoff and 9 rows of surface runoff, autocorrelation coefficients are statistically significant at a 5 % level of significance. Differential integral curves have been drawn according to the data of each river, the temporal indicators of various phases of water content being determined from them. For the long-term, fluctuations of the underground flow of all the studied rivers are characterized by the presence of a prolonged low-water phase. To quantify the degree of synchronism of long-term fluctuations in the underground flow of rivers, the pair correlation coefficients between all the analyzed series have been calculated. In the long-term fluctuations of both the underground and surface runoff of the rivers of the Greater Caucasus, asynchrony has not been detected. Over the long-term observation period, the underground runoff of the vast majority of rivers is shown to be increasing. For ranges of surface runoff, multidirectional trends have been found. Most of the linear trends in groundwater flow and half of the trends in surface runoff are statistically significant. The significance of linear trends has been estimated by the values of the pair correlation coefficient and its standard error. The data on the runoff of 17 hydrological observation points covering 1934—2017 period have been used
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He, Bin, and Jun Long Lu. "Stress Analysis of Underground Arch Structure." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 938–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.938.
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To research the safety of an underground defense project and the impact to other buildings, applying basic mechanics principles, established two types of mathematical model for arch about the project, and analyzed stress in different directions of ground arch structure. The data shows that the results were very different in different mathematical models, and mathematical models should be considered as close to actual stress situation in structural analysis. In the structural analysis involved soil, spatial finite element model is more accurate and reasonable than truss finite element model.
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Kolganov, Artem V., and Dmitrii V. Sidorov. "Assessing the seismic effect of quarry blasting at surface mineral workings on the state of underground mines using PRESS 3D URAL software." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal 1 (March 30, 2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2021-2-5-13.
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Relevance. The development of numerical and analytical methods of assessing ore in place dynamic overload from quarry blasting impact is due to the need to improve the reliability of underground mines stability analysis. Research aim is to assess the effect of blasting at surface mineral workings on underground mines stability and safety. Research methodology includes the numerical and analytical analysis of dynamic stress within ore in place containing underground mines based on the boundary integral equations method in spatial formulation. Research results. Under conditions of dynamic impact made by quarry blasting, the stability of underground mines may be preserved by means of strengthening the support through bolting with reinforced concrete roof bolts. Summary. The proposed method makes it possible to adjust the value of underground mines factor of safety with the account of the dynamic impact made by quarry blasts.
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Stankevičius, Žilvinas, Dominykas Šlikas, and Darius Popovas. "AN EFFECTIVE DATABASE MANAGEMENT OF THE URBAN UNDERGROUND FACILITIES AND TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION." Geodesy and Cartography 41, no. 4 (December 17, 2015): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20296991.2015.1120388.
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In developed countries the most accurate and reliable spatial data (M 1:500–1:1000) are extensively used. The same spatial object could be inscribed into separate systems: utilities companies have some systems, municipality collected catalogues of CAD data, separately developed real estate map. The same spatial objects are repeated and reiterated, unreasonable costs are incurred for their storage, the customers find it complicated to determine and select the best and appropriate spatial data required just for their own needs. This article suggests the solution of the problem. Authors have introduced the idea to compose and develop information system specialized for topography and infrastructure subsequently to be merged and coordinated. The model for data storage, data provision to the customers and service activities is defined. The available electronic services for the spatial data are described as advantageous for implementation on topographic maps, for inspection and monitoring of construction projects, for the issue of permits of excavation works and for the other activities.
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Ksit, Barbara, and Roman Pilch. "Dependence of Underground Infrastructure and Land Management in Urbanized Areas." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2021-0035.
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Abstract The article presents a current view on the issue of supplying utilities to land regarded differently than merely technical solutions. The authors offer an insight to the issue of the technical supplying of urbanized areas, treating such infrastructure as a determinant of the coexistence of buildings and transfigurations of the urban fabric. Using selected examples of novel means of identifying existing solutions of the underground technical infrastructure (canals, sewage and stormwater networks, transportation and communication tunnels, building in additional contemporary of installations of logical networks or unidentified remains of past development), the need to carry out additional analyses and prepare a new, or update-change the existing local spatial development plan were identified. It was noted that The construction of underground infrastructure corridors ought to be the key, preceding the issuing of building permits, the commencement of activities by developers as well as administrative conditions. The underground infrastructure has an influence of the dynamics as well as quality of spatial transformations of urbanized areas.
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Bessy, Marianne. "Le Paris souterrain de Vassilis Alexakis dans L’Enfant grec : catabase funeste ou lieu de renaissance ?" Dossier spécial Léon-Gontran Damas, no. 116 (August 13, 2020): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071054ar.
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This article aims to interpret the presence of the Parisian underground in Vassilis Alexakis’ novel L’Enfant grec (2012), twenty years after the author represented the same underground space in Avant. After a brief summary of the work, some clarifications on the importance of the underground in the collective imagination, and a brief presentation of the Parisian underground in literature, I analyze the metaphorical value that the author attributes to sewers, catacombs, quarries and basements, real or imaginary, which are all characteristic of the geographical framework of L’Enfant grec and which occupy increasing textual space as the novel progresses. Does this call of the underground give shape, as in Avant, to a spatial rejection of the French capital, or it is here a more traditional evocation of underground spaces associated with death? Is there a link between these recurrent underground spaces and the space of literary creation? Even if, at first glance, everything may suggest that the author has created an ill-fated katabasis, I conclude that Alexakis’ underground Paris in L’Enfant grec is a cathartic place of rebirth allowing the narrator to alleviate his fear of death and to refocus on the playful space of literary creation.