Academic literature on the topic 'Underground movements, War'
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Journal articles on the topic "Underground movements, War"
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Schulz, Cynthia. "Between surrealism and politics: An exploration of subversive body arts in 1980s East German underground cinema." Punk & Post-Punk 00, no. 00 (July 9, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/punk_00104_1.
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This article discusses the underground cinema of the German Democratic Republic during the 1980s in regard to its contributions to the arts and the avant-garde. While scholars including Claus Löser and Katrin Frietzsche have contributed greatly to the remembrance of the East German underground cinema, its influences have been disregarded by film studies, not least within the anglophone field. As a result, little to no research has been conducted regarding its contributions to the avant-garde or through the scope of other art movements as the political aspect continues to be emphasized. This article draws upon multiple art developments such as dada, surrealism, performance and body art as well as Eastern European-specific movements. Therefore, it evaluates how the East German underground interprets those influences and further contributes to them. Significant works by Cornelia Schleime, Gabriele Stötzer, Thomas Frydetzki and Tohm di Roes are subject to analyses to reveal anarchist feminist tendencies and surrealism with anarchist aspects. It concludes that the East German underground must be seen as a contribution to the less-researched necrorealism as an art movement paralleling the constitutional socialist realism. As such, political implications cannot be subtracted altogether but shall rather be viewed alongside the emergence of anarchist surrealism during the Cold War.
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DOUGLAS, R. M. "THE PRO-AXIS UNDERGROUND IN IRELAND, 1939–1942." Historical Journal 49, no. 4 (November 24, 2006): 1155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005772.
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During the first half of the Second World War, a network of secretive ultra-right movements emerged in Ireland for the purpose of assisting the Axis cause. These groups had little contact with fascist organizations overseas, but rather were indigenous expressions of discontent with the perceived failure of Irish liberal democracy to address the country’s political and economic problems. Numerically weak, poorly led, and ideologically unsophisticated, the pro-Axis underground made little progress in its subversive activities and was kept in check by the security services. Nonetheless, evidence suggests that a considerable number of Irishmen and women on both sides of the Border shared its underlying objective of aligning Ireland with what they regarded as an emerging post-democratic world order.
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Keller, Veronika. "Between ‘Ich will Spaß’ and ‘99 Jahre Krieg’: Receptions of the ‘New German Wave’ in the United States." European Journal of American Culture 42, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ejac_00094_1.
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In the late 1970s a new music movement, rooted in British punk and New Wave music, emerged in West Germany. It distinctly was not only sung in German, but the lyrics played with the German language by adding Dadaistic elements or youth slang, and reflected on the political, cultural and social zeitgeist of late Cold War West Germany. Over the years this formerly underground music genre was labelled ‘Neue Deutsche Welle’ (NDW) and became a commercial success, both domestically and abroad: Artists like Peter Schilling became known in the United States, the biggest hit ‘99 Luftballons’ by the band Nena reached number 2 in the Billboard Hot 100 in 1983 in its original German version. Like many other New Wave music, NDW songs found their way to mainstream success in the United States through the club scene, radio shows and the then new music television. At the same time, coming from the then still divided Germany catapulted the bands right in the middle of the Anti-war and Anti-nuclear movements at the end of the cold war, even when NDW bands themselves oftentimes labelled their music as non-political.
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Hai-Nyzhnyk, Pavlo. "Diplomacy of Deception and Tactics of Terror: Hybrid Politics in the Strategy and Practice of the Secret War of Soviet Russia against the Hetmanate (April – December 1918)." Diplomatic Ukraine, no. XXI (2020): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2020-1.
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The article highlights the behind-the-scenes policies of hybrid war of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR) against the Ukrainian State headed by Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi (April – December 1918). The author examines anti-Ukrainian activities of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR, the ruling Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), and the allied Russian parties of left and right socialist-revolution-aries and anarchists. These include Soviet Russia’s efforts to undermine social and political stability in Ukraine; organisational, armed, and financial assistance to anti-government insurgent units; guidance of the rebel movement; organisation of large-scale strikes and sabotage via secret agents as well as setting up arms caches and underground networks of revolutionary committees, etc. The article exposes secret aspects of subversive anti-Ukrainian activities of Bolshevik diplomacy in Ukraine, particularly of the Soviet consulate in Odesa, and its assistance to the anti-hetman movement with the acquiescence of German diplomats accredited to the Ukrainian State. Special attention is attached to the Soviet-Bolshevik policy of establishing secret military units of the underground socialist terrorist army in Ukraine and such steps of the Russian Soviet government as supporting and sponsoring mass rebel and terrorist movements and the direct organisation of acts of individual terror against Ukrainian public figures, including several attempts to assassinate Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi. The author notes that Ukrainian security services were aware of the structure, network, subversive activities, and organisation of attempted assassinations of the Ukrainian hetman. The article describes the preparation of the Soviet armed invasion of Ukraine and records the beginning of the military aggression in the autumn of 1918. Keywords: Bolshevik terror, RSFSR, Skoropadskyi, Ukrainian State, hybrid war.
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Reklaitis, George. "Cold War Lithuania: National Armed Resistance and Soviet Counterinsurgency." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 1806 (January 1, 2007): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.2007.135.
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Following the defeat of Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union sought to reestablish its control over the areas of Eastern Europe that it had occupied prior to the RussoGerman war. These areas included Western Ukraine, Byelorussia, and the Baltic States of Lithuanian, Latvia, and Estonia.2 In these regions, the Soviets found wellorganized underground resistance movements that were determined to hold off the complete Sovietization of their homelands, a task the Soviets had initially begun in 1940 and 1941, but which had been interrupted by war. While complete victory over the Soviets was recognized as an unreachable goal, these resistance fighters fought on in the hope that either the Soviets would grow weary of waging war or, as the above statement by Juozas Luksa suggests, the Western powers would return to finish the job of liberating Europe. Therefore, the period of 1944 to 1953 in this region is marked by an intense conflict between Eastern European guerrillas and Soviet counterinsurgency forces.
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Silova, Svetlana V. "The role of activity of Orthodox parish clergy in Belarus during the Nazi occupation (1941–1944)." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 3 (July 31, 2019): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2019-3-6-14.
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On the basis of documents from various archives, little-known pages of the history of the Orthodox Church in Belarus during the Great Patriotic War are being investigated. The main directions of activity of the Orthodox clergy during the years of the Nazi occupation, previously not of interest to the national historical science, are revealed. The author reflects the role of individual priests in the normalization and development of parish life and the salvation of parishioners. The examples show the forms of interaction of the Orthodox clergy with partisan and underground movements, the problems of relations with representatives of the occupying power and collaboration.
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Laukaitytė, Regina. "Paskutiniai vokiečių okupacijos mėnesiai Lietuvoje: gyventojų bėgimas į reichą ir politiniai lūkesčiai 1944 metais." Lietuvos istorijos metraštis 2020/2 (December 2, 2020): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/25386549-202002006.
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THE LAST MONTHS OF THE GERMAN OCCUPATION IN LITHUANIA: ESCAPE OF THE CIVILIAN POPULATION TO THE REICH AND POLITICAL EXPECTATIONS IN 1944 The article analyses the situation in Lithuania in the last months of the German occupation, focusing on what preparations were made for the evacuation of the population in the spring and summer of 1944 and how it proceeded, and the impact of the actions and propaganda of the German authorities and the deliberations of Lithuanian underground organisations regarding the political and military situation and the end of the war on the numbers of war refugees (around 80,000 people left in July–October, with the exception of the Klaipėda region, which was deserted after the Germans retreated) and citizens’ political expectations. The research is based on historiography, official and underground publications, diaries and memoirs. During the war, there was no political centre in Lithuania that processed reliable political information and provided it to the public. Although, starting from 1943, there were institutions and organisations to take care of war refugees flooding in from the USSR, when the Red Army crossed the Lithuanian border in early July 1944, local government was no longer coordinating population movements. The German occupying authorities and the Lithuanian government, consisting of general advisers, had prepared plans for the evacuation of the population and property; however, until the very last minute, no one risked taking the initiative to implement them. People in Lithuania were still quite optimistic in the summer and autumn of 1944. Quite a few believed that the front would stabilise at the German border, and that the Soviet Union ‘will run out of steam’ and suspend hostilities. Optimism was encouraged by official German propaganda, and the fact that in August–October, military action ‘stuck’ in Lithuania for two and a half months, as the Red Army stopped in order to replenish its supplies. Moreover, influential Lithuanian underground organisations did not believe that the country was on the brink of a long Soviet occupation, and did not discuss the situation of the civilian population. Lithuanian underground organisations, from Social Democrats to Nationalists, which were unequivocally optimistic about the international situation, believing the promises of US and British politicians to restore prewar borders, used the press and proclamations to shape expectations in society that the Soviet occupation would be temporary. Politicians leaving Lithuania expected to return soon, thus leaving the people with the hope of rapid political change.
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Raikivskyi, I. Y. "UKRAINIAN SOCIAL-DEMOCRACY IN THE PARTY-POLITICAL LIFE OF THE GALICIA OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1930-s." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Idea, no. 4(56) (December 27, 2019): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7410-2019-4(56)-122-136.
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The activities of the Ukrainian Social Democratic Party (USDP), founded in 1899, in the second half of the 1930s are highlighted. This party tried to combine the national idea and Marxism, took an active part in political life in Western Ukraine (until September 1939). The USDP used parliamentary methods for the creation of an independent Ukrainian socialist state, opposed the Ukrainian nationalist underground, and had a relationship with Polish and Jewish socialists. Since 1935, for the third time in the pre-war decade, the party has been a participant in the consolidation process of legal Ukrainian parties of national-state movements in Poland, which have periodically emerged under the influence of a number of internal and external factors. On the eve of the Second World War, the crisis of democratic forces, the rise of authoritarianism in various forms across Europe negatively affected the public influence of the USDP, as well as Social Democracy in general in the Second Polish Republic.
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Vorob’ev, D. A. "The life path of G.H. Bumagin." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities 29, no. 3 (June 28, 2024): 818–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2024-29-3-818-835.
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Importance. In 2024, G.H. Bumagin, secretary of the Leningrad and Novgorod regional Committees of the CPSU(b), who played a very important role in many events of the Battle for Leningrad, as well as in the restoration of the Novgorod region in the first post-war years and actively studying the activities of the partisans and underground workers of the Leningrad region in the last years of his life, will turn 120 years old. Now, there are no biographical fundamental works about him, and in books and articles, researchers most often described his work during the Great Patriotic War and in the first post-war years. The purpose of the study is to examine in detail his life path. Its tasks are to establish life periods and their chronological framework, to determine the criteria for choosing chronological frameworks, to describe each life period and its features, to establish the results and contribution of G.H. Bumagin to the events that he participated in.Materials and Methods. The research is based on archival materials from the Central State Archive of Historical and Political Documents of St. Petersburg and the Novgorod Museum-Reserve. A descriptive-narrative, biographical methods, analysis and periodization are used for it.Results and Discussion. Based on archival materials, it is possible to describe the formation of G.H. Bumagin as the party leader of the Leningrad region before the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War and the development of his career path. In addition, his work on the formation of the resistance movement in the first months of the Battle for Leningrad, the leadership of the Commission of the eastern districts of the Leningrad region and the leadership of the Novgorod region in the first post-war years is described.Conclusion. G.H. Bumagin had a difficult fate. A guy from a poor family who lived almost halfstarved, made every effort to get out into the world. He decided to do this by serving in the Red Army. Thanks to her, he was able to develop a political career in Leningrad and became secretary of the Leningrad and then Novgorod Regional Party Committee. They tried to blacken his name during the Leningrad case. Even though he was imprisoned without any evidence, he endured adversity with his family and, after rehabilitation, adjusted his life. When he retired, he had another front of work – studying the Resistance movement, which he led in the first months of the war. His accumulated material and work experience were subsequently useful for compiling memoirs and reports on the history of the partisan and underground movements of the Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov regions. He left valuable materials after his death, which formed the basis not only for this article, but also for other historical works.
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Kuzio, Taras. "U.S. support for Ukraine’s liberation during the Cold War: A study of Prolog Research and Publishing Corporation." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 45, no. 1-2 (March 2012): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.02.007.
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The US government established contact in Western Europe with anti-Communist refugees following World War II and covertly supported a variety of groups. Initially in the 1940s cooperation between the OSS/CIA and émigré groups provided support for the parachuting of couriers to contact underground organizations in ethnic homelands and over the next four decades until the late 1980s through support for non-violent methods against Soviet power. One of the organisations supported by the US government was Prolog Research and Publishing Corporation that existed from 1952 to 1992. Prolog was established by zpUHVR (external representation of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council), the political umbrella of Ukrainian nationalist, anti-Soviet partisans who fought a guerrilla war against the Soviet state until the early 1950s. US government support facilitated a democratic alternative to nationalist émigrés who dominated the Ukrainian diaspora as well as a different strategy towards the pursuit of the liberation of Ukraine. Prolog proved to be more successful in its liberation strategy of providing large volumes of technical, publishing and financial support to dissidents and opposition currents within the Communist Party of Ukraine. The alternative nationalist strategy of building underground structures in Soviet Ukraine routinely came under threat from infiltration by the KGB. US government support enabled Prolog to publish books and journals, including the only Russian-language journal published by a Ukrainian émigré organization, across the political spectrum and to closely work with opposition movements in central-eastern Europe, especially Poland.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Underground movements, War"
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Christenson, Christian E. "Underground management: an examination of World War II resistance movements." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42933.
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Approved for public release, distribution unlimitedThe pursuit of quality through quality assurance/control programs has been augmented in the recent past by implementing an organization-wide Total Quality Leadership (TQL) program at the Repair Division, Marine Corps Logistics Base, Albany, Georgia. Most TQL concepts have been successfully integrated into the culture of the Repair Division. One concept yet to be integrated deals with capturing the costs related to achieving quality. This TQL concept known as 'Cost of Quality' is the subject of this thesis. This study evaluates the TQL program, quality control program,- and the cost accounting systems to determine if implementing a quality cost measurement system would provide benefits for better managing quality related costs. From this evaluation, a model of the Repair Division's cost of quality was derived. Also outlined in the study were procedures which guide the implementation of a quality cost measurement system. The analysis revealed that the implementation of a quality cost measurement system would be a beneficial tool for management. This system would allow management to plan and control the allocation of funds used to achieve goals related to quality. The need to improve the cost accounting systems and better tracking of detailed production costs are recommended.
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Watt, Katherine. "Jewish partisans in the Soviet Union during World War II." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23856.
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Although the Soviet partisan movement in the Second World War was one of a kind, in the sense that it was far more substantial than any comparable phenomenon in the West, the Jewish role within it had its own historical peculiarities. If Jewish motives for taking up arms against the occupying forces of the Third Reich were much the same as those of other partisans, they were forced to come to terms with the anti-Semitism not only of their Axis foes, but of so-called collaborators, anti-Nazi but anti-Soviet nationalists, and anti-Nazi but anti-Semitic Soviet partisans. This subject has not been explored by Soviet historians for obvious ideological reasons and the scant literature in English so far is limited largely to eye-witness accounts and insufficient statistics, which this thesis makes use of. Its purpose is to attempt to ascertain the Jewish contribution to the Soviet partisan movement and the circumstances, some of them unique, that defined it.
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Gerolymatos, André. "British intelligence and guerrilla warfare operations in the Second World War : Greece 1941-1944, a case study." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70236.
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The aim of the thesis is to analyze the relationship between British guerrilla warfare and espionage operations as well as their impact upon the Greek resistance. Within this context the contribution to the Allied war effort of the espionage and sabotage groups that operated in occupied Greece will also be examined.Part one of this study includes an historical background covering the period preceding the occupation of Greece and an account of the development of British intelligence organizations to 1939. Part two examines the reorganization of the British intelligence services after the outbreak of the Second World War and the establishment of the Special Operations Executive.
In addition, emphasis is placed on the deployment of the British intelligence services in the Middle East. Part three discusses the development of the Greek resistance and the implementation of guerrilla warfare in the mountains as well as the activities of the espionage and sabotage groups in the main cities and towns of occupied Greece. Part four includes the conclusions and bibliography.
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Langlois, Suzanne 1954. "La résistance dans le cinéma français de fiction (1944-1994) /." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42073.
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The subject of this doctoral dissertation is a thematic study of the representation of the Resistance in French fiction films since 1944. This work encompasses the larger fields of history and memory of the Resistance and the Second World War. It is a cinematographic historiography which explores 50 years of film production about the French Resistance. It analyzes the historical choices put forward by film, the censorship which had to be overcome, as well as the sources it used. It also examines how film contributes to the formation of historical consciousness. These developments are compared with the written history of the Resistance. The sources for this work include both visual and written materials: films, preliminary documents, censorship files, and film criticism. Nine interviews provide an additional aspect to this corpus. The parallel drawn between the historiography of the Resistance and the films allowed for a better understanding of the fluctuating relationship between film and historical studies. Also, the examination of this filmography from the perspective of women resisters permitted filmic analysis to move beyond the traditional and politically oriented evaluations of films based on Gaullist or communist memory.
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Friedl, William Kincer. "The development and implementation of counterinsurgency warfare during the Vietnam war." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11242009-020326/.
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AMIGONI, LIVIO. "Shababs on the Move: Ethnography on the Underground Migratory Routes from Sudan to the United Kingdom." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1099305.
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The present research project aimed to investigate the struggles undocumented Sudanese migrant face to circumvent legal and geographical borders and to gain some form of citizenship. I focused on the kind of journeys, referred to as sombok, their precondition, narration and social practices implemented along the irregular routes from Sudan to the United Kingdom. In doing so, particular interest was paid to the production, circulation and resilience of migratory knowledge roaming in transnational networks and resulting in consequent mobility patterns, tenaciously and ceaselessly reproduced. Indeed, despite the increasing difficulties, due to massive investment in border patrolling and externalisation of controls, it is apparent that this does not deter people from migrating and neither does it prevent arrivals and movements in Europe.
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WINTERHALTER, Cecilia. "La resistenza armata nell'Italia del 1943-45 fra storia e memoria pubblica alle radici della trasmissione storica." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6020.
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Defence date: 3 March 2000Examining Board: Prof. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, Universität Bielefeld (supervisor) ; Prof. Luisa Passerini, Istituto Universitario Europeo (co-supervisor) ; Prof. Claudio Pavone, emeritus, Università di Pisa ; Prof. Jakob Tanner,Universität Zürich
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
L'oggetto di questa tesi sulla Seconda Guerra Mondiale e sulla Resistenza armata in Italia è il racconto che viene «inventato» per narrare gli eventi passati o la memoria selettiva. Si tratta di uno studio su storia e memoria e sul modo in cui funzionano e sono trasmesse. Basandosi sull'analisi di fonti disparate come le riviste storiche divulgative, le immagini fotografiche e documenti alleati e tedeschi, esso osserva le discrepanze tra i fatti (storia) e la loro narrazione (memoria). Inoltre studia come sono narrati i fatti, come si ricorda e si dimentica, chi è il narratore (testimoni, seconda generazione, collettività) e come ciò influisce sul racconto tramandato. Il testo tenta di capire se c'è una ragione per la forma narrativa scelta e quale potrebbe essere. Prendendo spunto dal funzionamento psicologico della memoria individuale, esso osserva la memoria collettiva e come, nel dopoguerra, l'Italia narrandosi «sceglie» o «inventa» una memoria che le dia una nuova identità.
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BENFANTE, Filippo. "Carlo Levi a Firenze e la Firenze di Carlo Levi, (1941-1945) : vita quotidiana e militanza politica dalla guerra alla Liberazione." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5730.
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Defence date: 15 October 2003Examining Board: Victoria De Grazia (EUI, Firenze); Gérard Delille (EUI, Firenze, supervisor); Gabriella Gribaudi (Università Federico II, Napoli); Marco Palla (Università di Firenze)
First made available online on 23 October 2014.
Questa ricerca nasce dal recente ritrovamento, presso gli eredi del pittore fiorentino Giovanni Colacicchi, di lettere e documenti appartenuti a Carlo Levi, risalenti al periodo in cui il pittore e scrittore torinese tenne aperto uno studio a Firenze: dalla fine del 1941 alla fine del 1945. Durante questi anni, accadono molte cose che un biografo definirebbe “fondamentali”. Dalla Questura di Firenze parte l’ordine di arresto che costa a Levi la terza carcerazione della sua vita: dalla fine del giugno 1943 sarà detenuto al carcere delle Murate, da cui uscirà il 26 luglio. Tra il 1943 e il 1944, nascosto in piazza Pitti, scrive Cristo si è fermato ad Eboli, che resterà il suo libro più celebre. A Firenze Levi aderisce al Partito d’Azione, e quindi lo rappresenta, dall’agosto 1944, nella direzione interpartitica della “Nazione del Popolo”, il quotidiano pubblicato a cura del Comitato Toscano di Liberazione Nazionale. Tra i cinque condirettori, Levi si ritaglia un ruolo di assoluto primo piano: ha un peso molto rilevante nella scelta dei collaboratori, a lui si devono la presenza di certi temi e prese di posizione sulle pagine della “Nazione del Popolo”. Levi interviene direttamente – sono almeno trenta i suoi articoli di fondo, concentrati soprattutto nei primi mesi di vita del giornale –, oppure commissiona alcuni pezzi ad hoc ai suoi collaboratori più stretti.
Books on the topic "Underground movements, War"
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Bles, Mark. Child at war. London: Sphere, 1990.
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Humes, H. L. The underground city. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2007.
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Healey, Tim. Secret armies: Resistance fighters in World War Two. 2nd ed. London: Macdonald, 1989.
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Pechenevskai︠a︡, Nina Konstantinovna. Pro partizanku Ninu Bolʹshui︠u︡: Po rukopisnym vospominanii︠a︡m Niny Konstantinovny Pechenevskoĭ 1984-1986. Sankt-Peterburg: Krasnyĭ Matros, 2015.
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Pavlov, V. Znakomoe plecho: Memuary partizana Velikoĭ Otechestvennoĭ voĭny. [Moskva]: Kommentarii, 2015.
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Bartha, Ákos. Véres város: Fegyveres ellenállas Budapesten, 1944-1945. Budapest: Jaffa Kiadó, 2021.
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Whitehair, C. W. Mosby: The war years. West Conshohocken, PA: Infinity Publishing, 2013.
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West, Edwin. The onderduiker: Underground hero. [Centennial, Colo: Peper Publications, 2008.
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West, Edwin. The onderduiker: Underground hero. Centennial, Colorado: Peper Publications, 2009.
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West, Edwin. The onderduiker: Underground hero. [Centennial, Colo: Peper Publications, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Underground movements, War"
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Desmond, Adrian. "1. Underground Evolution." In Reign of the Beast, 13–58. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0393.01.
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William Devonshire Saull was a financial kingpin of the political underworld. His wine-trade profits were as essential to the deist-cum-atheist Richard Carlile’s anti-clerical movement in the 1820s as to Robert Owen’s socialism in the 1830s. And Saull’s museum of fossils—forgotten today—was designed to glorify an evolutionary world with its promise of earthly salvation for the downtrodden. This opening section explains why the new understandings of earth history were paramount in the blasphemy/socialist movements, as it sought to shrug off clerical and capitalist control. It details some of the new, untapped sources for dealing with the subject at street level: police spy reports, the newly-digitized London newspapers, and satirical magazines, which left a wide class of readers laughing at Saull’s belief in a monkey ancestry for mankind. The introduction also touches on Victorian sensitivities to explain why Saull, his bankrolling activities and criminal enormities (atheism, socialism, evolution), are so little known. It gives a preview of Saull’s political activities: in London’s first Labour Exchange, in rational schooling experiments, in his materialism as a seditious, anti-theological weapon, and in his help for the emerging working-class activists resisting tithes and clerical oppression. ‘Atheism’ was never a stationary concept, and we track its changes as activists developed new vectors of attack. Science’s multiplicity of meanings for the underclass is also explored. The theme of this section is Saull’s gigantic, free-to-all museum and why it has escaped attention, and how we have to refocus to see it in its true dissident context.
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Macmaster, Neil. "The Nationalists Go Underground." In War in the Mountains, 200–227. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860211.003.0011.
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This chapter moves on from the communist-led movements in the Dahra, north of the Chelif valley, to examine how the nationalists of the PPA (Parti du people algérien) began to organize a clandestine, insurrectionary movement in the great massif of the Ouarsenis to the south. During 1947 and 1948 the Messalists created a clandestine paramilitary corps, the Organisation spéciale (OS), and steps were taken in August 1947 to plan a future maquis in the Chelif region. An important secret meeting of the Central Committee held in a farmhouse in Zeddine, near Duperré, backed detailed proposals for a peasant-based insurrection. Although the detection and mass arrest of the OS network in 1950 impeded the process, the ongoing radicalization of the Ouarsenis region is explored through the operations of the mines, like that at Bou Caid, where farm-based workers were organized by the CGT union, went on strike, and provided a nursery for future guerrilla leaders like Djilali Bounamaa. A case study of the town of Teniet el Haad, located in the high mountains, shows how PPA cells were spreading into the most isolated douars of the interior, preparing the ground for a future revolt.
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Chard, Daniel S. "Off the Pigs!" In Nixon's War at Home, 36–76. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469664507.003.0003.
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The FBI’s covert counterintelligence program (COINTELPRO) designed to destroy the Black Panther Party has been widely understood as a reflection, on one hand, of Director J. Edgar Hoover’s racism and anti-radicalism, and on the other, of the Panthers’ effectiveness in challenging America’s political status quo. However, this chapter revisits original FBI documents to reveal a more complicated story. Inspired by revolutions and national liberation movements in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and enraged by the longstanding problem of racist police violence in America’s urban Black communities, the Black Panthers actively promoted revolutionary violence as a means of social change. Moreover, a Black Panther underground led by Don Cox began carrying out shooting attacks on police in San Francisco in 1967. The FBI saw such Panther violence as a serious threat and targeted the Black Panther Party with COINTELPRO operations in an effort to preemptively destroy the group’s capacity for antipolice violence. COINTELPRO operations encouraged fratricide and contributed to the splintering of the Black Panther Party, but ironically, the FBI’s covert operations also inadvertently nourished the development of what would become the Black Liberation Army.
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Struthers, David M. "The Contours of Repression." In The World in a City, 184–208. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042478.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the World War One period in which the federal, state, and local governments in the United States, in addition to non-state actors, created one of the most severe eras of political repression in United States history. The Espionage Act, the Sedition Act, changes to immigration law at the federal level, and state criminal syndicalism laws served as the legal basis for repression. The Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM), Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and other anarchists took different paths in this era. Some faced lengthy prison sentences, some went underground, while others crossed international borders to flee repression and continue organizing. This chapter examines the repression of radical movements and organizing continuities that sustained the movement into the 1920s.
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Piffer, Tommaso. "The Communists Enter the Scene." In The Big Three Allies and the European Resistance, 59–84. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826347.003.0004.
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Abstract The German invasion of the Soviet Union marked the beginning of a new phase in the history of the international communist movement. By the end of the war, in most European countries the small and decimated communist parties of 1939–41 had turned into mass parties with millions of supporters. In countries such as Yugoslavia, Greece, Albania, France, and Italy, they were strong enough to seize power after the German defeat, at least in theory. But the arrival of the communists on the scene also drastically changed the history of the European resistance, as it brought the struggle for the future of Europe to the very heart of how the resistance movements waged the war. European opposition groups could now play the British and the Soviets off against each other in order to maximize their room for manoeuvre. The Polish underground became a key card in the conflict between the government-in-exile and Moscow. And when a civil war between different resistance groups broke out in the Balkans, the British were forced to decide which side they wanted to support.
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Chard, Daniel S. "Improvising Counterterrorism." In Nixon's War at Home, 120–41. University of North Carolina Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469664507.003.0006.
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Shortly after J. Edgar Hoover sabotaged the Huston Plan, a series of deadly leftist attacks prompted the FBI director, under pressure from President Nixon, to reinstitute illegal surveillance tactics outlined in the secret plan. This chapter reveals how, following Jonathan Jackson’s hostage raid on a courtroom in Marin County, California, a bombing at University of Wisconsin that killed a physicist, a police killing in the Boston area, and the Weather Underground’s 1970 “Fall Offensive” of bombings throughout the country, Hoover lowered the FBI’s minimum informant age from twenty-one to eighteen and began to informally instruct special agents to use break-ins and other illegal surveillance tactics to investigate the Weather Underground and other leftist guerrillas. Hoover also authorized a dramatic expansion of domestic surveillance, targeting the New Left, the Black Power movement, the Puerto Rican independence movement, and the women’s movement—all in the name of preempting terrorism.
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Thacker, Andrew. "London." In Modernism, Space and the City, 168–220. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748633470.003.0005.
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This chapter considers how London developed as a modernist city, from the late nineteenth century to the period after World War Two. It analyses the geographical emotions produced by particular locations within London, such as the London Underground and Metro-Land suburbs; the cultural institutions of Bloomsbury and Fleet Street; the bohemia of Soho and the nightlife of Piccadilly Circus; and the Notting Hill area settled by postwar immigrants to the city. It considers the affective responses of writers such as Virginia Woolf and Henry James to the material restructuring of the city, before turning to the role of publishers, bookshops, and literary networks in helping establish modernism in the city, in the shape of poetic movements such as the Rhymers and the Imagists. The final part of the chapter analyses texts by two important outsiders in London: Joseph Conrad in The Secret Agent and Sam Selvon in The Lonely Londoners.
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Hoare, Marko Attila. "The People’s Liberation Movement underground." In The Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War, 63–102. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199327850.003.0003.
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Hoey, Paddy. "A republican digital counterculture? Fourthwrite and the Blanket." In Shinners, Dissos and Dissenters. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526114242.003.0005.
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In the early 2000s, the Internet, the blogosphere and new online medias were said to have recreated and expanded the countercultural political uprisings of the late 1960s. The radicalism of the underground press, equality, anti-war and anti-colonial movements never quite managed the translate their counter-hegemonic activism into a dynamic restructuring of politics in the West. However, academics and activists saw potential in the Internet to offer a space with which to counter the narratives of political elites, capitalism, globalisation and the domination of western corporations. In Ireland, a group of writers, led by former republican prisoners, developed an activist media space that was critical of Sinn Féin, dissidents and the dominant narratives of the Peace Process. The print magazine Fourthwrite and the online magazine The Blanket, harnessed old and new technology to provide a sustained countercultural critique of their times. That they sustained themselves for much of the 2000s without a specific political vehicle or purpose while producing some of the most compelling and inclusive writing about the times is testament to the opportunities that technology provides for committed modern activists.
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Trzeskowska-Kubasik, Karolina. "Informacje biograficzne w zbiorach Studium Polski Podziemnej w Londynie." In Skąd przyszliśmy? Kim jesteśmy? Dokąd zmierzamy? Wokół badań nad genealogią, 77–88. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Pedagogicznego w Krakowie, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/9788380845787.6.
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The Polish Underground Movement Study Trust in London is one of the most distinguished scientific and archival institutions in the West. It was founded by the leading soldiers of the Polish Underground State in February 1947. The article discusses individual archival collections deposited in the London institution. The Polish Underground Movement Study Trust contains a considerable amount of biographical documentation. It is characterized by great diversity and uniqueness. The article describes the characteristics of personal and property collections and teams: Verification Committees and BI Reports.
Conference papers on the topic "Underground movements, War"
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Deng, Chuntao, Gabriel Salamanca, and Monica Santander. "Managing Integrity of Underground Fiberglass Pipelines." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31138.
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The majority of Husky’s fiberglass pipelines in Canada have been used in upstream oil gathering systems to carry corrosive substances. When properly designed and installed, fiberglass pipelines can be maintenance-free (i.e., no requirements for corrosion inhibition and cathodic protection, etc.) However, similar to many other upstream producers, Husky has experienced frequent fiberglass pipeline failures. A pipeline risk assessment was conducted using a load-resistance methodology for the likelihood assessment. Major threats and resistance-to-failure attributes were identified. The significance of each threat and resistance attribute, such as type and grade of pipe, and construction methods (e.g., joining, backfill, and riser connection) were analyzed based on failure statistical correlations. The risk assessment concluded that the most significant threat is construction activity interfering with the existing fiberglass pipe zone embedment. The most important resistance attribute to a fiberglass pipeline failure is appropriate bedding, backfill and compaction, especially at tie-in points. Proper backfilling provides most resistance to ground settlement, frost-heaving, thaw-unstable soil, or pipe movement due to residual stress or thermal, and pressure shocks. A technical analysis to identify risk mitigation options with the support of fiberglass pipe supplier and distributors was conducted. To reduce the risk of fiberglass pipeline failures, a formal backfill review process was adopted; and a general pipeline tie-in/repair procedure checklist was developed and incorporated into the maintenance procedure manual to improve the workmanship quality. Proactive mitigation options were also investigated to prevent failures on high risk fiberglass pipelines.
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Sanada, Hiroyuki, Takahiro Nakamura, and Yutaka Sugita. "In Situ Stress Measurements in Siliceous Mudstones at Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory, Japan." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40019.
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The stress measurement methods implemented during the surface-based investigations and during construction of the underground facilities in the Horonobe mudstones, as well as information on the initial stress state around the Horonobe URL, are described in this paper. During the surface-based investigations, determination of deep in situ stress was conducted using HF, BB information in deep boreholes and core-based methods such as AE and DSCA. During construction of the underground facilities, subsurface investigations utilizing CCBO, HTPF and the monitoring of spalling around the shafts were conducted in order to verify results from initial stress measurements in the surface-based investigations. HF results indicate that magnitude of the horizontal maximum and minimum principal stresses increases linearly with depth. The maximum principal stress estimated from the HF and borehole breakout data is almost E-W. This is similar to the tectonic movement direction in the vicinity of the Horonobe URL. Due to tectonic movement, horizontal maximum stress is almost 1.5 times larger than the horizontal minimum stress. The minimum horizontal principle stress is almost equivalent to overburden pressure. Stress condition determined from HTPF in the investigations during construction of the underground facilities is almost equal to the results during surface-based investigations.
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Wong, L. W. "Numerical Analyses on Wall Deflections and Ground Surface Settlements in Excavations." In The HKIE Geotechnical Division 42nd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.133.42.
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Ground movements may cause damages to structures. Accurate estimations of ground movements are therefore essential for the risk assessment programs for projects involving underground constructions. Presented herein is a study on the influence of various parameters on the magnitudes and the distributions of ground movements during deep excavations with emphasis on the shapes of settlement troughs. Two-dimensional finite element analyses were conducted on 5 cases for the east end of Xiaonanmen Station in Taipei Metro. The hardening soil with small-strain stiffness was adopted to simulate the nonlinear stress-strain relationship of soils. The results indicate that the shapes of the settlement troughs are primarily affected by the depths of excavations and are relatively insensitive to the width of excavation or the thickness of the retaining wall. Based on the results obtained, the relationship between the width of the influence zone of settlement and the depth of excavation is established.
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Lezhava, Zaza, Lasha Asanidze, Kukuri Tsikarishvili, Tamaz Karalashvili, and Tamar Tolordava. "SPELEO-GEOMORPHOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE ASKHI LIMESTONE MASSIF, GEORGIA, CAUCASUS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/1.1/s01.20.
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Georgia is a mountain country, located in the Caucasus region, where carbonate rocks are frequent and geographically well-distributed across the country. The aim of this paper is to introduce the main results of speleo-geomorphological and geophysical investigation conducted in the southern part of the Askhi Limestone Massif (namely Turchu Limestone Polje). Based on the complex studies, karst forms such as sinkholes and ponors were identified, the width of the Quaternary deposits located on the limestones was determined, the average and maximum discharges of the streams flowing on the bottom of the polje were calculated. The closed shape of the Turchu limestone polje and the limestone bottom covered with Quaternary sediments indicate the corrosive origin of the polje, which has been practically confirmed by our georadiological and electrometric studies. It seems that the evolution of the polje is actively taking place in the limestones under the Quaternary sediments and the dissolved material was being removed and is still being done through underground karst ways (underground corrosion). It is notable that the role of tectonic movements in the origin of the polje along with the corrosive processes, which had a periodic character and together with the uplifting of the area caused the lowering of the levels of underground waters and, consequently, the activation of karst processes.
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Broyles, Jack, Paul Dusseault, and Frank Vanden Elsen. "Design and Construction of Pipeline Integrated Oil Storage Caverns." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0408.
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In response to industry demand, Hardisty Caverns Limited Partnership (HCLP) has developed cost effective underground storage facilities with a capacity to store 480,000 m3 (3 million barrels) of crude oil. This project is unique through the integration of existing underground salt caverns into a significant North American crude oil transportation hub. Annually, 64 million cubic meters (400 million barrels) of oil move through this hub. This project utilizes existing caverns developed in the late 1960’s. Significant work was required to upgrade the cavern facilities and to construct new surface facilities to integrate the caverns into the crude oil transportation hub. Remote operation of the facility is performed from a control centre in Edmonton. In this paper, the key features of the design and construction of the Hardisty Cavern Storage Project will be presented. Of particular interest are the unique challenges presented due to hydraulic considerations related to cavern operation with multiple product characteristics and to provide crude oil movements exchanges between the cavern storage facilities and both low flow rate feeder pipelines and high flow rate transportation pipelines.
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Тарасенкова, Т. И. "ПРЕСТУПЛЕНИЯ ПРОТИВ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СМОЛЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В ГОДЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ." In Единство фронта и тыла в годы Великой Отечественной войны. Материалы III международной научной конференции 20 мая 2022 года г. Вязьма. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54016/svitok.2022.74.85.018.
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В статье рассматриваются документы Государственного архива новейшей истории Смоленской области из фондов Западного штаба партизанского движения и подпольных райкомов ВКП(б), в которых имеется информация о преступлениях нацистов и их пособников против гражданского населения на территории Смоленской области в годы Великой Отечественной войны. The article examines the documents of the State Archive of the Modern History of the Smolensk region from the funds of the Western Headquarters of the Partisan movement and the underground district committees of the CPSU (b), which contain information about the crimes of the Nazis and their accomplices against the civilian population in the Smolensk region during the Great Patriotic War.
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Blbas, Zhirko, Birger Hagemann, Julia Michelsen, and Leonhard Ganzer. "Measuring Diffusion Coefficient of Hydrogen in Underground Gas Storage." In SPE Europe Energy Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/220035-ms.
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Abstract Due to the rapid expansion of renewable energy required to meet the 2050 net-zero target, hydrogen has been recognized as a clean and low-carbon fuel. When it is produced by electrolysis from renewable electricity it is referred to as ‘’green hydrogen’’. While the energy production from solar and wind power plants varies greatly over time and rarely meets both the daily and seasonal demand a reliable technology for energy storage must be established. In this context, underground hydrogen storage (UHS) shows an efficient solution for the long-term storage of energy. For the planning and operation of UHS in porous geological formations, it is very important to know the movement and mixing of the injected hydrogen with the initial gas in place. Mixing can be driven by advective flow but also by diffusive flux during idle periods. This paper is focused on determining the effective binary diffusion coefficients of hydrogen and methane under representative gas storage conditions. In total, seven diffusion measurements were carried out for two sandstone samples (Berea and Bentheimer). A modified core flooding cell was used for these measurements. A semi- steady-state diffusive flux was ensured by connecting one end face of the sample to a chamber filled with the first gas and flowing the second gas along the other end face. The composition of the outflowing gas was analyzed by gas chromatography. Measurements were performed under typical gas storage conditions in a pressure range from 10 to 100 bar and at 25 and 40°C. The saturation state of the samples was dry. Each measurement was analyzed by a comparison to a simulation model and the effective diffusion coefficient was determined. The range of measured effective diffusion coefficients is from 6.5 * 10−8 m2/s to 3.7 * 10−7 m2/s. Repeated measurements under the same conditions are in good agreement, what validates the measurement procedure. The results indicate a decreasing behavior of the effective diffusion coefficient with increasing pressure and temperature in the considered ranges. The findings gained in this study allow a better estimation of the diffusive contribution to the gas mixing during UHS.
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Jocković, Sanja, Miloš S. Marjanović, Uroš Đurić, Veljko Pujević, Ksenija Micić, Zoran Radić, Milena Raković, and Novak Joksimović. "REHABILITATION OF VIŠNJIČKA 74 LANDSLIDE IN BELGRADE." In Assessment, maintenance and rehabilitation of structures. Association of Civil Engineers of Serbia, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sgisxiii.40sj.
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The paper adresses the geotechnical problem which occurred during the excavation of the foundation pit of a residential-commercial building with two underground parking levels. At the site, a piled retaining structure was constructed for protecting the excavation of the foundation pit. During June 2023, large-scale excavations were carried out, which led to large displacements and (re)activation of the fossil landslide. In the first half of July 2023, intensive backfilling of the foundation pit using earth material was carried out in order to prevent further movements. Also, additional investigation works were conveyed to gain a better insight into the complex geotechnical conditions at the site and a summary of the geological characteristics based on the conducted field investigations is given. In order to define a reliable and efficient technical solution for remediation of instabilities, stability analysis with back analysis was performed and adequate remediation measures were proposed.
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Chikhradze, Nikoloz, Edgar Mataradze, Guram Abashidze, Davit Tsverava, and Tamar Iashvili. "EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF FIBER BASED STRUCTURES FOR PROTECTION OF STEEL SHEETS FROM EXPLOSION WAVE." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/6.1/s26.20.
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In order to protect the structural steel sheet from the impact of the blast wave, the steel sheet was covered with a composite material consisting of aramid fabrics with a surface density of 200 g/m2 (3 layers) and 350 g/m2 (3 layers). The total thickness of these layers was 2.4 mm. Turkish produced BRE 450 polyester resin was used to connect the layers. The composite was coated on top with the same resin filled with crumb rubber 1.5 mm in size. The thickness of this coating is 2.2 mm. The protective agent thus obtained was applied on one side of the steel sheet. The size of the protected sheets is 60 x 60 cm. The protective composite is applied to the steel sheet by the contact method, since the polyester binders are cured in the cold. Explosion resistance tests were carried out in an underground explosion chamber, where a special stand was located, which was a pipe with a diameter of 500 mm and a height of 1000 mm, equipped with the necessary sensors for pressure, sheet movement, and acceleration. The explosive charge was placed above the protected sheet at a distance of 400 mm. Mass of explosive (RDX) was 40 g. To record the wave formed an oscilloscope (DPO 2024 B) and sensors of type 113B23 (SN21594) with a sensitivity of 74.25 mV/mPa were used. The article presents the results of several variants of the explosion: oscillograms, which can be used to evaluate the movement (deflection) of the steel sheet, the acceleration of the deflection, the degree of suppression of the negative processes that occur during the explosion.
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Godart, B., F. Schmidt, J. J. Brioist, J. P. Deveaud, and F. Dias. "Condition Assessment of an Historical Structure: the CNIT Vault in Paris." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0552.
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<p>As part of the extension of line E of the Regional Express Rail Network of Paris, it was decided to create an underground station under the CNIT (National Center for Industries and Techniques) located in the business district of La Défense. This project clearly raises the question of the stability of the main vault of the CNIT under the effect of any soil movement caused by the proposed works. This vault, which still holds the world record of span length, was built between 1956 and 1958 on a project of Nicolas Esquillan. The article briefly describes the history of the vault construction, and presents the results of finite element modelling and geotechnical calculations, the results of the destructive and non-destructive tests conducted on the vault, the control of the geometry and reinforcement, the few observed disorders, the condition of the ties and their tension. It draws conclusions on the general condition of the structure from the point of view of its strength and durability. The quality of the work carried out in 1958, both on site and in the design office, the attention paid to the materials chosen and the work processes on site, make this structure age very well.</p>